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Text recognition has benefited considerably from deep learning research, as well as the preprocessing methods included in its workflow. Identity documents are critical in the field of document analysis and should be thoroughly researched in relation to this workflow. We propose to examine the link between deep learning-based binarization and recognition algorithms for this sort of documents on the MIDV-500 and MIDV-2020 datasets. We provide a series of experiments to illustrate the relation between the quality of the collected images with respect to the binarization results, as well as the influence of its output on final recognition performance. We show that deep learning-based binarization solutions are affected by the capture quality, which implies that they still need significant improvements. We also show that proper binarization results can improve the performance for many recognition methods. Our retrained U-Net-bin outperformed all other binarization methods, and the best result in recognition was obtained by Paddle Paddle OCR v2.

Autoimmune diseases (ADs) are immunological disorders arising from the breakdown of immune tolerance, influenced by various internal and external factors. Persistent exposure to environmental factors, particularly air pollution, is linked to systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, which contribute to the development of ADs.This review examines the impact of air pollutants, including particulate matter, silica, and TCDD, by analyzing epidemiological studies, animal models, and in vitro assays. It focuses on how air pollution disrupts the immune system, leading to apoptosis, increased oxidative stress, cytokine production, autoantigen release, autoantibody production, and autoreactivity, which are particularly significant in ADs like rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren's syndrome, and systemic sclerosis. In essence, this approach aims to provide a profound understanding of how exposure to air pollution can initiate or contribute to ADs, offering potential avenues for more targeted preventive and therapeutic strategies.

La zona de estudio se localiza en la Sierra de Segura (zona Prebética, NE Jaén), donde predominan afloramientos de rocas carbonáticas. Se han determinado las alturas de recarga de dos sistemas acuíferos de gran relevancia social y ambiental. Para ello, se han analizado los isótopos estables δ18O y δ2H del agua de 360 muestras de 20 manantiales, recogidas entre octubre de 2020 y febrero de 2023. Adicionalmente, se tomaron 430 muestras de precipitación obtenidas de 8 pluviocaptores situados entre las cotas 550 y 1809 m s.n.m. Se han aplicado 3 metodologías isotópicas. Las dos primeras, mediante análisis de lluvia, y la tercera a través de manantiales de muy bajo caudal en los cuales su área de recarga se sitúa a similar cota de descarga. Los resultados muestran unos valores promedio de altura de recarga mayores con el primer y segundo método (1356 y 1163 m para los acuíferos cretácicos y jurásicos), mientras que el tercero presenta unos valores de 1203 y 999,5m, respectivamente. Los métodos 2 y 3 son los que mejor se ajustan teniendo en cuenta las cotas medias de los afloramientos jurásicos y cretácicos (950 y 1.250 m s.n.m.). Además, presenta mayor eficiencia a la hora de la toma de muestras.

En la ladera oriental del acuífero kárstico de Sierra Seca descargan tres manantiales que, pese a localizarse en un mismo entorno, presentan características diferenciadas. A partir de datos fisicoquímicos e isotópicos se estudian estas características para resaltar las diferencias entre ellos. El situado a mayor cota, Fuente Alta, es el de mayor caudal medio y aguas menos mineralizadas y se relaciona con carbonatos del Cretácico inferior. El de menor caudal, Fuente de Enmedio, también es el que surge a menor cota con aguas menos mineralizadas que el de caudal intermedio, la Natividad, pese a que ambos drenan un mismo acuífero formado por carbonatos del Cretácico superior. Además, sus características fisicoquímicas e isotópicas sugieren que drena mezclas de aguas procedentes de los dos acuíferos cretácicos. La Natividad drena las aguas más mineralizadas y con valores isotópicos más pesados, al inicio de las crecidas por “efecto pistón”, que no se observa en los otros dos manantiales. Los valores isotópicos más ligeros se observan en los dos manantiales de mayor caudal asociados a un episodio de brusco deshielo. Los datos sugieren que la superficie del área de recarga aflora a cotas medias similares, aunque ligeramente más elevadas en Fuente Alta.

Este trabajo es el resultado de una serie de estudios que se realizaron en el templo de Nuestra Señora de la Merced, localizado en el Centro Histórico de la ciudad de Puebla, México. El templo es una edificación colonial con valor patrimonial que ha tenido modificaciones estructurales y daños por sobrecargas generadas por sismo y por bombardeos. Sobresale el sismo del 2 de octubre de 1864 que dañó severamente el segundo cuerpo de la torre. El sismo del 19 de septiembre de 2017 agrietó y fisuró algunos elementos de la estructura, por ejemplo, la clave del arco del coro donde se formó una articulación plástica. Se realizó la modelación del arco en SAP 2000 v20 para aplicar un análisis Pushover; se registraron vibración ambiental, temperatura y humedad, variables que degradan a los materiales; se hizo el levantamiento topográfico de la portada y el estudio fotogramétrico del exterior de toda la estructura.

Resumen Introducción: Los problemas relacionados con los medicamentos constituyen una gran preocupación sanitaria por su elevado impacto en la morbilidad de pacientes hospitalizados. Método: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal en los servicios clínicos de cinco instituciones de salud de Santiago de Cuba, durante el primer trimestre de 2020. Se revisaron los perfiles de 329 pacientes que recibieron seguimiento farmacoterapéutico. La muestra fue caracterizada según variables biosociales, clínicas y farmacoterapéuticas, la identificación de los problemas relacionados a la medicación fue realizada utilizando los criterios de Cipolle, Stramd y Morley, determinándose además los medicamentos implicados en los problemas relacionados a la medicación. Los datos fueron procesados a través de frecuencias absolutas y relativas representadas por medio de tablas y figuras. Resultados: Predominaron los pacientes mayores o iguales de 60 años representando un 38,6 %; respecto al género un 61,4 % perteneció al femenino. La mayoría de los pacientes presentaron hasta dos enfermedades (76,3 %), las infecciones respiratorias complicadas (35,6 %) fueron el motivo de ingreso más frecuente. El 36,5 % consumió entre cuatro y seis medicamentos, siendo los antibacterianos de usos sistémicos los más prescritos. Se identificaron 598 Problemas Relacionados con los Medicamentos para una proporción de 1,8 PRM/paciente, de estos un 42,8 % corresponde a los problemas de Seguridad, un 31,1 % de Indicación, seguido de 24,9 % de Efectividad y finalmente el 1,2 % de Adherencia. Conclusiones: Los antimicrobianos resultaron los más implicados en la aparición de los problemas relacionados a la medicación. La atención farmacéutica ofrece servicios que garantizan el uso adecuado de los medicamentos.

Las empresas son influenciadas por diversos factores que generan competitividad. Debido a la naturaleza de la competitividad e importancia del capital humano, se planteó determinar la influencia de las habilidades socioemocionales (HSE) de empresarios en la competitividad de sus PyMEs, convirtiendo esas competencias en promotoras de mejor desempeño empresarial para satisfacción del cliente. Se estudiaron, en las Competencias 360°, prueba P-IPG y grupos focales, tres PyMEs restauranteras en Ciudad Juárez. Los resultados arrojaron que los empresarios que cuentan con HSE desarrollaron mejor sus empresas, mejor clima laboral y crecimiento sostenido, generando competitividad; concluyendo que estas PyMEs restauranteras son casos de éxito debido a las HSE demostradas.

Introduction: There is a relationship between depression and sleep quality; however, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on this association is unknown, especially for those health workers who faced the pandemic. Therefore, we aimed to identify the association between depression and sleep quality in health workers who faced the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A survey was performed on 150 health workers with at least 2 years of working tenure in a public maternal perinatal hospital in Mexico, between September and December 2021. Sociodemographic data, levels of sleep quality, depression, anxiety, and gastrointestinal function were obtained through a self-administered questionnaire. Cardiovascular risk was obtained according to age, lifestyle habits, blood pressure, anthropometry, body composition and biochemical measurements. Results: Those with depression were 10.3 times more likely to have poor sleep quality compared to those without depression, adjusted for gastrointestinal function (95% CI 2.92 – 36.54, p

Context: Infections by multiresistant bacteria increase the risk of therapeutic failure, increasing hospital stay, costs and mortality. This determines the use of more expensive antibacterials with a broader spectrum, which leads to a high consumption at the hospital level, which increases bacterial resistance. Aims: To characterize the consumption of antibacterials in three hospitals in Santiago de Cuba. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study of consumption was carried out. The consumed units, anatomical, therapeutic, and chemical classification, route of administration and price were analyzed for each antimicrobial. The defined daily dose (DDD)/100 beds/day and the cost of antibacterials for systemic use were determined. Descriptive statistics were used. Results: The most used antibacterial in both years (2019 and 2020) was ceftriaxone (12.6% and 26.9%). The most used group was J01D (39.5% and 44.8%), mainly parenteral via. In 2019 they presented higher DDD/100 beds/day: gentamicin (38.74 in the General Hospital and 20.20 in the Maternal Hospital) and ciprofloxacin (31.51 in the General Hospital and 15.00 in the Oncology Hospital); and in 2020 it was cefazolin (41.42 in General Hospital), ciprofloxacin (17.73 in Oncology) and gentamicin (26.99 in Maternal). The highest total costs were for ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone. Conclusions: The increase in consumption evidenced the need to update therapeutic policies and validation of prescriptions for this group of drugs.

Abstract Water galleries are mines that seek to supply drinkable and irrigation water from the aquifer, in order to meet the demand for water in the Canary Islands. This sort of work entails a series of health risks in the form of gases. This document compiles three different studies on the gases that can be found in water galleries in the Canary Islands, having divided the document as follows: 1) the presence of carbon dioxide in 13 galleries in operation on the island of Tenerife; 2) the presence of radon gas in galleries on the islands of Tenerife, El Hierro and La Palma; and 3) the incidence of gases that are harmful to health in a thermal water gallery on La Palma. The results have shown that, in general, the water galleries contain concentrations of gases which are toxic to human health, such as radon, where average radon values measured with both passive detectors are from less than 800 Bq/m3 to around 10,200 Bq/m3. Therefore, it is important to protect the health of the workers who undertake the maintenance of these installations.

Systemic inflammation and immunodeficiency are important components of cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction (CAID), the severity of which is dynamic, progressive, and associated with the greater deterioration of liver function. Two inflammation phenotypes have been described: low-grade and high-grade systemic inflammation. Both of these phenotypes are related to liver cirrhosis function; thus, high-grade inflammation is correlated with the severity of hepatic insufficiency, bacterial translocation, and organic insufficiency, with which the risk of infections increases and the prognosis worsens. Bacterial translocation (BT) plays a relevant role in persistent systemic inflammation in patients with cirrhosis, and the prophylactic employment of antibiotics is useful for reducing events of infection and mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic autoimmune disease, marked by an unpredictable course, high morbidity, and increased mortality risk that occurs especially in the diffuse and rapidly progressive forms of the disease, characterized by fibrosis of the skin and internal organs and endothelial dysfunction. Recent studies suggest that the identification of altered metabolic pathways may play a key role in understanding the pathophysiology of the disease. Therefore, metabolomics might be pivotal in a better understanding of these pathogenic mechanisms.Methods: Through a systematic review of the literature following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Guidelines (PRISMA), searches were done in the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus databases from 2000 to September 2022. Three researchers independently reviewed the literature and extracted the data based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results: Of the screened studies, 26 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. A total of 151 metabolites were differentially distributed between SSc patients and healthy controls (HC). The main deregulated metabolites were those derived from amino acids, specifically homocysteine (Hcy), proline, alpha-N-phenylacetyl-L-glutamine, glutamine, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), citrulline and ornithine, kynurenine (Kyn), and tryptophan (Trp), as well as acylcarnitines associated with long-chain fatty acids and tricarboxylic acids such as citrate and succinate. Additionally, differences in metabolic profiling between SSc subtypes were identified. The diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis (dcSSc) subtype showed upregulated amino acid-related pathways involved in fibrosis, endothelial dysfunction, and gut dysbiosis. Lastly, potential biomarkers were evaluated for the diagnosis of SSc, the identification of the dcSSc subtype, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and interstitial lung disease. These potential biomarkers are within amino acids, nucleotides, carboxylic acids, and carbohydrate metabolism.Discussion: The altered metabolite mechanisms identified in this study mostly point to perturbations in amino acid-related pathways, fatty acid beta-oxidation, and in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, possibly associated with inflammation, vascular damage, fibrosis, and gut dysbiosis. Further studies in targeted metabolomics are required to evaluate potential biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response.