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Eccentric dipole can be considered the next approximation of the geomagnetic field after thegenerally used geocentric dipole. Considering that during reversals, excursions and importantanomalies the non-dipole contributions are relevant, we study the evolution of the eccentricdipole during the last reversal (Matuyama-Brunhes transition, ~780 ka), last excursions(Laschamp, ~41 ka and Mono-Lake, ~34 ka), the Levantine Iron Age Anomaly (LIAA, ~1000 BC)and the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA, from 700 AD to present day) according topaleoreconstructions (IMMAB4, LSMOD.2, SHAWQ-Iron Age and SHAWQ2k, respectively). Inorder to get as much as information as possible from the eccentric dipole, we design a simplemodel based on 360-point dipoles evenly distributed in a ring close to the Inner Core Boundarythat can be reversed and/or changed their magnitude. We calculate the evolution of themodeled eccentric dipole according to the 360-dipole ring model reproducing the eccentricdipole from the paleoreconstructions. If we consider that each point dipole could be associatedto convective columns in the outer core of the Earth, we can relate the evolution of the eccentricdipole with potential variations in the outer core that cause its displacement. We observe thatthe modeled eccentric dipole moves away from regions where dipoles start to reverse (whichare the cases for the reversal, excursions and the SAA) and towards regions where there areanomalous high-moment dipoles (such as the LIAA). The results show that the eccentric dipolepaths during the events studied correlate well to Core Mantle Boundary low heat flux regionsthat is consistent with the development of instabilities in the geomagnetic field.

The archaeological excavation undertaken at Quinta de Crestelos (Merinhos, Mogadouro, Portugal), revealed a large occupation site dated between Late Iron Age and Early Roman periods. On the ridge top a small fortified site with elaborated defensive structures, consisting of large stone walls and ditches, showed several different phases of construction and large modifications. The different phases of the site evidenced the ‘Romanization’ Process of this area and the large changes occurring in the Late Iron Age sites, with defensive structures, such as the original ditches, reused as functional and production areas. Paleomagnetism studies and analysis of the combustion structures of the later phases of the site intended to clarify nature, main components and changes during the time when they were used. Los trabajos de excavación que se han llevado a cabo en el yacimiento de Quinta de Crestelos (Merinhos, Mogadouro, Portugal), han puesto de manifiesto la presencia de una importante ocupación durante la II Edad del Hierro y la romanización de esta zona. En la zona alta de este enclave se ha registrado un poblado fortificado, con complejos sistemas defensivos, entre los que se encuentran unas potentes murallas y fosos, que van a sufrir diferentes reestructuraciones a lo largo del tiempo. La evolución que se ha podido identificar en esta zona muestra el proceso de romanización de esta región, y la adaptación que se produce en los poblados de la Edad del Hierro, a través de la reformulación de espacios defensivos, como los fosos, en áreas funcionales y productivas. Se ha llevado a cabo un estudio de paleomagnetismo, y análisis de todas estas estructuras de combustión, con la finalidad de poder determinar la función de las mismas, sus principales características, y su uso a lo largo del tiempo.

The eccentric dipole (ED) is the next approach of the geomagnetic field after the generally used geocentric dipole. Here, we analyzed the evolution of the ED during extreme events, such as the Matuyama-Brunhes polarity transition (~780 ka), the Laschamp (~41 ka) and Mono Lake (~34 ka) excursions, and during the time of two anomalous features of the geomagnetic field observed during the Holocene: the Levantine Iron Age Anomaly (LIAA, ~1000 BC) and the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA, analyzed from ~700 AD to present day). The analysis was carried out using the paleoreconstructions that cover the time of the mentioned events (IMMAB4, IMOLEe, LSMOD.2, SHAWQ-Iron Age, and SHAWQ2k). We found that the ED moves around the meridian plane of 0–180° during the reversal and the excursions, it moves towards the region of the LIAA, and it moves away from the SAA. To investigate what information can be extracted from its evolution, we designed a simple model based on 360-point dipoles evenly distributed in a ring close to the inner core boundary that can be reversed and their magnitude changed. We tried to reproduce with our simple model the observed evolution of the ED, and the total field energy at the Earth’s surface. We observed that the modeled ED moves away from the region where we set the dipoles to reverse. If we consider that the ring dipoles could be related to convective columns in the outer core of the Earth, our simple model would indicate the potential of the displacement of the ED to give information about the regions in the outer core where changes start for polarity transitions and for the generation of important anomalies of the geomagnetic field. According to our simple model, the regions in which the most important events of the Holocene occur, or in which the last polarity reversal or excursion begin, are related to the regions of the Core Mantle Boundary (CMB), where the heat flux is low.

International audience; In directional archaeomagnetic studies, it is rarely analysed whether the combustion structures display anisotropy of their thermoremanent magnetization (ATRM). It has been observed that, in specific cases like thin baked clays from the base of small hearths, archaeomagnetic directions can also be disturbed by the ATRM. We re-examine data from 56 combustion structures from Iberia and use them to analyse the ATRM effect on their archaeomagnetic directions. Flattening of inclinations up to 13 degrees has been found in highly anisotropic structures that can be adequately corrected by the ATRM tensors. We show how the lack of anisotropy corrections on directional values can dramatically deteriorate the ages obtained from archaeomagnetic dating, highlighting the importance of systematically analysing this property in future archaeomagnetic studies.

The Shannon Information or Information Content is a statistical measure of a system characterising its properties of organisation (maximum value) or disorder (minimum value). Once it is introduced the scalar potential of the geomagnetic field in terms of a spherical harmonic expansion, it is straightforward to define the Shannon Information by an expression including the Gauss coefficients [De Santis et al., EPSL, 2004]. Some recent models of the past geomagnetic field, including also the two most recent excursions, i.e. Laschamp (~41 ka) and Mono Lake (~34 ka) events, allow us to calculate the Shannon Information in the periods of those events and compare each other. It is expected that when approaching to excursions, the Shannon Information decreases, i.e. the disorder of the system increases. From the behaviour in time of the Shannon Information calculated from the Gauss coefficients of three geomagnetic field reconstructions that span the last excursions, i.e. IMOLE, GGF100k and LSMOD2, it is observed a decrease of the Shannon Information that seems to anticipate the occurrence of the impending excursions some time in advance. This result must be taken with caution because the reconstructions used are based on sedimentary data, which could present some smoothing effects related to the acquisition of the magnetisation mechanism.

The geomagnetic field is commonly approximated to a geocentric tilted dipole. However, a next step in the approach of the geomagnetic field is the eccentric dipole which takes the first and second terms of the spherical harmonic representation of the geomagnetic field. In this work, we analyze the behavior of the eccentric dipole during the last reversal (Matuyama – Brunhes, 780 ka), the last excursions (Laschamp, 41 ka, and Mono Lake, 34 ka), and during two interesting features of the geomagnetic field observed during the Holocene (the South Atlantic Anomaly, from 1840 AD or older, and the Levantine Iron Age Anomaly, around 1000 BC). The last reversal and excursions are studied by using the IMMAB4 and LSMOD2 paleoreconstructions, respectively. We found that for these events the center of the eccentric dipole follows a common longitude path. The Holocene anomalies have been analyzed by using two of the most up-to-date paleoreconstructions for the last 3 millennia: the SHAWQ2k and the SHAWQ Iron Age paleoreconstructions. A common longitude path has not been observed between these anomalies.

Since the publication of the European archaeomagnetic field model SCHA.DIF.3k in 2009, the number of paleomagnetic data derived from archaeological materials such as baked clays and volcanic rocks coming from Europe has increased by about 90% for directions and around 180% for intensities. Taking advantage of this increase, here we provide an updated regional archaeomagnetic model, called SCHA.DIF.4k, for the European continent and adjacent areas and now covering the last four millennia. To model the three geomagnetic elements, declination, inclination, and intensity, we use the regional R-SCHA2D technique in space and temporal basis of cubic splines. A critical selection of the archaeomagnetic and volcanic data available in a spherical cap of 30° centered at 40°N latitude and 10°E longitude has been considered. In addition, in order to better constrain the behavior of the archaeomagnetic field during the last centuries, we include the historical data of the HISTMAG compilation. The new regional model allows us to better define the paleomagnetic field over Europe as well as to generate new paleosecular variation curves for archaeomagnetic dating purposes. Using these curves, the dating precision has been estimated for the last 4 kyr. As expected, results show that it strongly depends on the data uncertainties, the temporal data distribution and the behavior of the geomagnetic field itself. In addition, the use of the full vector geomagnetic field, instead of the directional information exclusively, provides more precise archaeomagnetic dating results.

A dynamic version of Cloudbook is presented in this work, a new tool for automatically and unattendedly parallelizing codes which also lately distributes the tasks dynamically. Cloudbook is designed for Python codes and, above all, makes the parallelization in a way in which the number and main characteristics of the available infrastructure is taken into account for optimizing the execution (performance, bandwidth connection, etc.) in a dynamic way. Cloudbook is designed to allow developers to get the technical benefits of automated distribution and parallelization of programs with a very low learning cost. It only requires labelling the original code with a reduced set of pragmas located at function headers. Results of the tests carried out with Cloudbook with several codes on a real infrastructure are presented as well.

In this work, we present 16 directional and 27 intensity high‐quality values from Iberia. Moreover, we have updated the Iberian archeomagnetic catalogue published more than 10 years ago with a considerable increase in the database. This has led to a notable improvement of both temporal and spatial data distribution. A full vector paleosecular variation curve from 1000 BC to 1900 AD has been developed using high‐quality data within a radius of 900 km from Madrid. A hierarchical bootstrap method has been followed for the computation of the curves. The most remarkable feature of the new curves is a notable intensity maximum of about 80 μT around 600 BC, which has not been previously reported for the Iberian Peninsula. We have also analyzed the evolution of the paleofield in Europe for the last three thousand years and conclude that the high maximum intensity values observed around 600 BC in the Iberian Peninsula could respond to the same feature as the Levantine Iron Age Anomaly, after travelling westward through Europe., Authors acknowledge the Spanish Ministry of Economy (CGL2014-54112-R and CGL2017-87015-P projects; BES-2015- 074575 and BES-2016-077257 grants), the Spanish Ministry of Education (FPU14/02422 grant), and the Autonomous Community of Madrid through the European Youth Employment Initiative (PEJ15/AMB/AI- 0203). M. G. P. and M. R. acknowledge the Ramón y Cajal program and the CGL2015-63888-R project of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness. Financial support was also given by the PICS International Program for Scientific Cooperation (CNRS-France and CSIC-Spain).

Temporal changes in the main geomagnetic field, the so-called secular variation, can range from decades to millennia without showing any clear periodicity. A better knowledge of the secular variation behaviour is important to determine the mechanisms that maintain the magnetic field and can help to establish constraints in dynamo theories. Considering that the magnetic dipole contributes to around 90 % of the total main field, we have searched for periodicities in this component over the last 10,000 years using four global paleomagnetic field reconstructions (SHA.DIF.14k, CALS10k2, BIGMUDI4 and SHAWQ2k). We have applied three techniques commonly used in signal analysis: a) the Fourier transform to identify the characteristic frequencies of the dipole field; b) the Empirical Mode Decomposition to separate the secular variation of the dipole into short and long wavelength signals; and c) the wavelet analysis to know how the characteristic periods are distributed over the time studied. Results show that for short-wavelength terms we find a recurrent periodicity of 700 – 800 years, present throughout most of the last 10,000 years with small variations. Focusing on long-wavelength terms for SHA.DIF.14k and CALS10k2, we observed a drop in the dipole field, controlled by the axial dipole, starting around 7000 BC. We have fitted it as an exponential decay obtaining a relaxation time of 8,000 – 10,000 years, which well agrees with the theoretical diffusion time of the geomagnetic field. The dipole field starts to increase around 4,500 BC for nearly 4,000 years. If we consider that this increase is comparable to the charge of a capacitor, it would give a characteristic time of 15,000 years. However, the theoretical maximum value obtained for the axial dipole field is never reached and the charge stops at 40 % around the year 100 AD. At that time, the dipole impulse ended and the present large trend dipole decrease seems to start, with a relaxation time of 13,000 years.

The magnetic field of the Earth is generated in its core by the process called the geodynamo, which involves convection in the fluid and electrical conducting outer core. The evolution of this complex process is simulated by magnetohydrodynamic models, which provide the state of the core and the magnetic field at any point and any time of the simulation. Nevertheless, the complexity of these models implies a high computational cost. That is why conceptual simple models describing only the main mechanisms from a statistical perspective can also be useful.In this work we present a conceptual model that reproduces the main features of the axial dipole moment (ADM) of the Earth magnetic field. It is based on the stochastic dynamics of two Brownian particles interacting with each other within a double-well potential. The obtained simulations are able to mimic the random temporal distribution of reversals and excursions and the asymmetric temporal evolution of ADM during reversals. The relation between the model features and the real mechanisms that lead to the observed behaviour is discussed.

[EN] The occurrence of ε-FeO in archaeological samples that have been subjected to high temperatures is gradually being detected by the use of micrometric structural characterization techniques. This work provides new information by revealing that the ε-FeO is formed as a response to temperature, the aggregation state and the position within the baked clay with respect to the nearest heat source. In addition, depending mainly on the atmospheric environment, the temperature reached by the combustion structure, the distance from the heating source and the particle aggregation, other iron oxide magnetic phases are produced. In the baked clay studied here, hematite is found over the whole range of samples studied but its magnetic contribution is negligible. Magnetite is observed at the sample surface, probably due to local atmospheric environment closest to the combustion source. Maghemite is found at all depths up to 6 cm below the sample surface. ε-FeO has a limited distribution, found within 2–3 cm of the sample surface. Furthermore, the viability of this compound as a palaeofield marker has been evaluated in both archaeological and synthetic samples. The results indicate that ε-FeO is able to register the direction of the magnetic field. Linear palaeointensity plots have been obtained in synthetic samples, although the value of the palaeofield could be, sometimes, overestimated., The authors also acknowledge the financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities under the projects RTI2018-095856-B-C21, CGL2017-87015-P, CGL2017-92285-EXP, CGL2017-92285-EXP/BTE, MAT2017-86540-C4-1-R, MAT2017-87072-C4-2-P and RTI2018-095303-A-C52, from Comunidad de Madrid NANOFRONTMAG S2013/MIT-2850 and NANOMAGCOST S2018/NMT-4321, and from the European Commission under H2020 frame by AMPHIBIAN Project ID: 720853. APO thanks the Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (PTA Contract).

La existencia de un campo magnético de origen interno es una de las características más importantes de nuestro planeta que lo diferencia de sus vecinos y que ha condicionado tanto la evolución de la Tierra como el desarrollo de la vida. Sin embargo, aún no entendemos muchos aspectos de su comportamiento. En parte, esto se debe a que se origina en el núcleo externo,muy lejos de nuestro alcance, lo que impide obtener medidas directas del sistema que lo genera. Por tanto, nuestra mejor opción para comprender la dinámica del campo magnético terrestre (CMT) y conocer su posible evolución en el futuro pasa por estudiar cómo se ha comportado en el pasado...

Reunión MAGIBER XI Portugal ,Condeixa a Nova (4 al 6 de septiembre de 2019), Los estudios arqueomagnéticos se han convertido en una herramienta imprescindible para caracterizar las variaciones del campo geomagnético de los últimos milenios. Los datos que proporcionan este tipo de estudios permiten obtener curvas locales de variación paleosecular para las tres componentes del campo geomagnético: declinación, inclinación y, más esporádicamente, la paleointensidad. Un ejemplo de dichas curvas son las recientemente publicadas por Molina-Cardín et al., (2018) para Iberia de los últimos 3000 años. Sin embargo, se requiere un continuo aporte de nuevos datos arqueomagnéticos para mejorar la resolución espacial y temporal de las bases de datos arqueomagnéticas globales para refinar este tipo de curvas. Los datos arqueomagnéticos permiten, además, obtener modelos geomagnéticos regionales o globales cada vez más robustos (Pavón-Carrasco et al. 2009, 2014; Campuzano et al., 2019). En este trabajo presentamos nuevos datos arqueomagnéticos que se han obtenido recientemente gracias al estudio de varias estructuras arqueológicas calentadas a alta temperatura, muestreadas en varios yacimientos del levante español correspondientes al periodo Ibérico pleno. En concreto se han obtenido nuevos datos direccionales (declinación e inclinación) y de paleointensidad en los yacimientos de Pontós y Ullastret (Girona), además de los de Nulles y Coll del Moro (Tarragona) y Vinaroz (Castellón) que permitirán mejorar la resolución de la curva para la segunda mitad del primer milenio antes de Cristo. A pesar de que este periodo está bastante bien caracterizado gracias a estudios anteriores, los nuevos datos, especialmente los de paleointensidad, contribuyen a una mejor definición de las variaciones locales respecto a regiones cercanas donde las curvas de variación secular están mejor definidas (Hervé et al., 2013a y b).

The magnitude and origin of the Levantine Iron Age geomagnetic Anomaly (LIAA), which spanned the first half of the first millennium before the common era, are not yet well understood. Recent archeomagnetic studies from the Levant and Western Europe suggest a western drift of this feature, stressing the importance of investigating the temporal and spatial behaviour of this event over the Central Mediterranean area. To analyse this issue, we here present 37 new archeointensity data obtained from the archeomagnetic study of 118 ceramics and brick fragments collected in 8 archeological sites in Greece and Italy with ages ranging between 1500 BCE and 150 CE. The samples were analysed using the classical Thellier and Thellier method for paleointensity determination, including the correction for the anisotropy effect of the thermoremanent magnetization (TRM) and for the cooling rate dependence upon TRM acquisition. The results reveal the first evidence of a high-intensity peak in Greece between 1070 and 1040 BCE associated to high virtual axial dipole moment (VADM) values of around 140 ZAm2. A global analysis of available paleointensities suggests that the origin of these high values is the same to the one which produced the maximum VADM of the LIAA in the Levantine region. Our results suggest that the source of the LIAA is located in the Levantine region vanishing to the north, to the west and to the east where lower VADMs are observed. In addition, another high intensity maximum, less pronounced than the one of the LIAA, seems to be present around 500 BCE all over Europe, from the Canary Islands to Turkey showing similar VADM values (around 150 ZAm2) in the different regions. Both events seem to span over a large region at the Earth's surface covering more than 60° of longitude, verifying an Earth's outer core origin for these intensity features.

The knowledge of the secular variation of the geomagnetic field at different time scales is important to determine the mechanisms that maintain the geomagnetic field and can help to establish constraints in dynamo theories. We have focused our study on the secular variation at millennial and centennial time scale searching for characteristic periods during the last 10 kyr. The frequency study was performed using four recent updated global paleomagnetic field reconstructions (SHA.DIF.14k, CALS10k.2, BIGMUDI4k and SHAWQ2k) by applying three techniques commonly used in signal analysis: the Fourier transform, the Empirical Mode Decomposition, and the wavelet analysis. Short-term variability of the geomagnetic field energy shows recurrent periods of around 2000, 1000–1400, and 600–800 and 250–400 years. The characteristic time around 600–800 years is well determined in all paleomagnetic reconstructions and it is mostly related to the axial dipole and axial octupole terms, but also observable in the equatorial dipole. In addition to this period, longer characteristic times of around 1000–1400 years are found particularly in the equatorial dipole and quadrupole terms in SHA.DIF.14k, CALS10k.2 and BIGMUDI4k while the 2000 year period is only well determined in the total geomagnetic field energy of SHA.DIF.14k and CALS10k.2. The most detailed paleoreconstructions for younger times also detect shortest characteristic times of around 250–400 years. The long-term variation of the geomagnetic energy is only observable in the axial dipole. A characteristic period of around 7000 years in both SHA.DIF.14k and CALS10k.2 has been found. This long period is related to two decays in the dipole field and a period of increasing intensity. The oldest decay took place between 7000 BCE and 4500 BCE and the present decay that started around 100 BCE. We have modeled the 4500 BCE up to present variation as a combination of a continuous decay, representing the diffusion term of the geomagnetic field, and one pulse that reinforces the strength of the field. Results show a characteristic diffusion time of around 11,000–15,000 years, which is compatible with the diffusion times of the dipole field used in geodynamo theories.

Variations of geomagnetic field in the Iberian Peninsula prior to Late Iron Age times are poorly constrained. Here we report 14 directional and 10 palaeointensity results from an archaeomagnetic study carried out on 17 combustion structures recovered from six archaeological sites in eastern Spain. The studied materials have been dated by archaeological evidences and supported by radiocarbon dates (8th-5th centuries BC). Rock magnetic experiments indicate that the characteristic remanent magnetization is carried by a low coercivity magnetic phase with Curie temperatures of 500-575 °C, most likely titanomagnetite/maghemite with low titanium content. Archaeointensity determinations were carried out by using the classical Thellier-Thellier experiment including pTRM-checks and magnetic anisotropy corrections. A new full vector Iberian Paleosecular Variation Curve for the Iron Age is presented. High fluctuation rates on both directions and intensities are observed during the Early Iron times that seems to be related with the Levantine Iron Age Anomaly (LIAA), the most prominent anomaly of the geomagnetic field of the last three millennia. Two intensity maxima were observed at Iberian coordinates, the oldest around 750 BC (associated with easterly declinations of around 23°) and the second 275 yrs later (475 BC) with northerly directions. The related virtual axial dipole moment was up to 14 ⋅ 10 22 Am2 for the oldest materials (750 BC) and reaching 16 ⋅ 10 22 Am2 for the materials corresponding to the end of the Early Iron Age. In order to investigate the origin of the unusually high fluctuations of the palaeofield we have developed a new global geomagnetic field reconstruction, the SHAWQ-IronAge model, which is based on a critical revision of the global archeomagnetic and volcanic dataset. The new model provides an improved description of the evolution of the LIAA, which is related to a normal flux patch at the core-mantle boundary (CMB) below Arabian Peninsula clearly observed at around 950 BC. This flux patch expanded towards the north-west, while decreasing in intensity, reaching Iberia at around 750 BC. Around 600-500 BC, it underwent a revival below the European continent after that it seems to vanish in situ.

Trabajo presentado en la X Reunión de la Comisión de Paleomagnetismo de la Sociedad Geológica de España, celebrada del 14 al 17 de septiembre de 2017 en el valle del río Grío, Zaragoza (España), En este trabajo se presenta una actualización de la base de datos direccional de Iberia para los últimos 3000 años (Gómez-Paccard et al., 2006) y el primer catálogo de intensidad para este periodo. En direcciones, la base de datos ha aumentado en más de un 80%, incluyendo más de 10 resultados direccionales no publicados hasta la fecha. En intensidades, este estudio representa un aumento de más del 50% en la cantidad de datos de calidad disponibles (si nos referimos al primer milenio a.C., se cuadruplica el número de datos), entendiendo datos de calidad como aquellos que cumplen los siguientes criterios: a) que el número de especímenes empleados para la determinación de la paleointensidad sea igual o superior a 4; b) que el protocolo empleado sea Thellier (Thellier y Thellier, 1959) o derivados; c) que la anisotropía de la imanación termorremanente haya sido investigada y corregida. Toda esta información ha permitido desarrollar nuevas curvas de variación paleosecular de declinación, inclinación e intensidad de Iberia para los tres últimos milenios. Se ha empleado el método bootstrap (Thébault y Gallet, 2010) incluyendo la jerarquía asociada a la información estratigráfica cuando estaba disponible. Las nuevas curvas direccionales no presentan grandes diferencias con las anteriormente publicadas (Fig. 1), aunque se incrementa su precisión. En intensidad las principales diferencias aparecen en el primer milenio a.C. y en el posible doble máximo en torno a 600-800 años d.C, que no es recogido por esta curva. Las nuevas curvas de variación paleosecular suponen una mejora en las posibilidades de la datación arqueomagnética en la península ibérica

Trabajo presentado en la International Conference on Rock Magnetism, celebrada en Utrech (Países Bajos) del 10 al 14 de julio de 2017, We present the first update of the archaeomagnetic data catalogue for the Iberian Peninsula covering the last 3000 years. The first archaeomagnetic data compilation for Iberia was published in 2006, including 63 archaeomagnetic directions and making possible the generation of the first directional Palaeosecular Variation Curve (PSVC) in Iberia. Since then, the number of directional data has increased by more than 80%, of which around 20% have been studied in this work. Regarding archaeointensity data, we present 20 new high quality archaeointensities, in addition to previously published ones (about 100 data), by creating the first archaeointensity catalogue for Iberia spanning the last 3000 years. The different qualities of the data included in this Iberian dataset have been evaluated following different palaeomagnetic criteria, such as the number of specimens analysed, the laboratory protocol applied and the kind of material studied. The improvement of the database is especially notable for the first millennium BC (about 50% of the new included data), a period for which there was not possible to develop an intensity palaeosecular variation curve due to the lack of high quality archaeointensity data. This new compilation of archaeomagnetic data has provided enough new information to generate the first PSVC of the geomagnetic full vector for Iberia for the last three millennia, which have been obtained by hierarchical bootstrap method using only selected high quality data from the catalogue in order to obtain the most reliable secular variation curve. No important differences between these curves and those calculated from regional and global geomagnetic field models are registered, with the most notable discrepancies observed in the intensity curve and during the first millennium BC. These new PSVCs offer a comprehensive view of the variations of the geomagnetic field in Iberian Peninsula and is suitable as a Master Curve in the archaeomagnetic dating technique for archaeological combustion structures located in this region.