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Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a primary disease in diabetic patients characterized by diastolic dysfunction leading to heart failure and death. Unfortunately, even tight glycemic control has not been effective in its prevention. We have found aberrant diastolic Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]d), decreased glucose transport, elevated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and increased calpain activity in cardiomyocytes from a murine model (db/db) of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Cardiomyocytes from these mice demonstrate significant cell injury, increased levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 and expression of the transcription nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Furthermore, decreased cell viability, and reduced expression of Kir6.2, SUR1, and SUR2 subunits of the ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels. Treatment of T2D mice with the citrus fruit flavonoid naringin for 4 weeks protected cardiomyocytes by reducing diastolic Ca2+ overload, improving glucose transport, lowering reactive oxygen species production, and suppressed myocardial inflammation. In addition, naringin reduced calpain activity, decreased cardiac injury, increased cell viability, and restored the protein expression of Kir6.2, SUR1, and SUR2 subunits of the KATP channels. Administration of the KATP channel inhibitor glibenclamide caused a further increase in [Ca2+]d in T2D cardiomyocytes and abolished the naringin effect on [Ca2+]d. Nicorandil, a KATP channel opener, and nitric oxide donor drug mimic the naringin effect on [Ca2+]d in T2D cardiomyocyte; however, it aggravated the hyperglycemia in T2D mice. These data add new insights into the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of naringin in T2D cardiomyopathy, thus suggesting a novel approach to treating this cardiovascular complication.

The result of the Division Achievement Test in Science administered to Grade 6 learners, out of six competencies included in MELCS, four competencies were identified as the "Least Learned" as they got a mastery level indicated as "Low Proficient". Thus, this developmental research aimed to develop and test supplementary learning material in the form of interactive modules. The study was anchored on a Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning and the framework for designing instructional solutions to achieve desired learning outcomes. The ADDIE model was used to design and develop the supplementary learning material. The data pertinent to the study were tabulated, analyzed, and interpreted using computing the weighted mean, and each data were provided a descriptive interpretation. Results revealed that learners had developed a positive perception of E-learning. The developed supplementary learning material conforms to the requirements of the Department of Education in terms of Content Quality, Instructional Quality, Technical Quality, and other findings, including conceptual, factual, grammatical, and typographical errors. It was also found to be suitable to serve as an intervention learning material that will help learners achieve the desired learning outcome.

Learning institutions in the Philippines employed online distance learning using the synchronous approach for real-time interaction among learners and teachers. While the arrangement is exploratory and contingent, and responsive to the continuity of learning during the pandemic, its impact remains uncertain. This is of interest including the teaching-learning process in online classes with regard to the domains of Community of Inquiry focusing on the cognitive, teaching and social presence. In generating data, this study utilized focus group discussions involving junior high school teachers (N=15) from public and private schools who tackled questions anchored on said domains. Codified and categorized according to themes, the respondents revealed that personal and professional gains are considered as benefits of online classes but retorted that financial, technical as well as teaching learning support are among the challenges. Learning tasks and skills application draw attention under the cognitive arena, while technology, support for learner engagement and student engagement strategies warrant emphasis under teaching presence. Modes of interaction, interaction resources and approaches to ensuring belongingness underpin the areas under social presence. Results further showed that the affordances and challenges faced by the teachers may be translated into opportunities for innovation, growth, and development.

Abstract Background Livestock trypanosomoses, caused by three species of the Trypanozoon subgenus, Trypanosoma brucei brucei, T. evansi and T. equiperdum is widely distributed throughout the world and constitutes an important limitation for the production of animal protein. T. evansi and T. equiperdum are morphologically indistinguishable parasites that evolved from a common ancestor but acquired important biological differences, including host range, mode of transmission, distribution, clinical symptoms and pathogenicity. At a molecular level, T. evansi is characterized by the complete loss of the maxicircles of the kinetoplastic DNA, while T. equiperdum has retained maxicircle fragments similar to those present in T. brucei. T. evansi causes the disease known as Surra, Derrengadera or "mal de cadeiras", while T. equiperdum is the etiological agent of dourine or "mal du coit", characterized by venereal transmission and white patches in the genitalia. Methods Nine Venezuelan Trypanosoma spp. isolates, from horse, donkey or capybara were genotyped and classified using microsatellite analyses and maxicircle genes. The variables from the microsatellite data and the Procyclin PE repeats matrices were combined using the Hill-Smith method and compared to a group of T. evansi, T. equiperdum and T. brucei reference strains from South America, Asia and Africa using Coinertia analysis. Four maxicircle genes (cytb, cox1, a6 and nd8) were amplified by PCRfrom TeAp-N/D1 and TeGu-N/D1, the two Venezuelan isolates that grouped with the T. equiperdum STIB841/OVI strain. These maxicircle sequences were analyzed by nucleotide BLAST and aligned toorthologous genes from the Trypanozoon subgenus by MUSCLE tools. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using Maximum Parsimony (MP) and Maximum Likelihood (ML) with the MEGA5.1® software. Results We characterized microsatellite markers and Procyclin PE repeats of nine Venezuelan Trypanosoma spp. isolates with various degrees of virulence in a mouse model, and compared them to a panel of T. evansi and T. equiperdum reference strains. Coinertia analysis of the combined repeats and previously reported T. brucei brucei microsatellite genotypes revealed three distinct groups. Seven of the Venezuelan isolates grouped with globally distributed T. evansi strains, while TeAp-N/D1 and TeGu-N/D1 strains clustered in a separate group with the T. equiperdum STIB841/OVI strain isolated in South Africa. A third group included T. brucei brucei, two strains previously classified as T. evansi (GX and TC) and one as T. equiperdum (BoTat-1.1). Four maxicircle genes, Cytochrome b, Cythocrome Oxidase subunit 1, ATP synthase subunit 6 and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 8, were identified in the two Venezuelan strains clustering with the T. equiperdum STIB841/OVI strain. Phylogenetic analysis of the cox1 gene sequences further separated these two Venezuelan T. equiperdum strains: TeAp-N/D1 grouped with T. equiperdum strain STIB818 and T. brucei brucei, and TeGu-N/D1 with the T. equiperdum STIB841/OVI strain. Conclusion Based on the Coinertia analysis and maxicircle gene sequence phylogeny, TeAp-N/D1 and TeGu-N/D1 constitute the first confirmed T. equiperdum strains described from Latin America.

Chagas' myocardiopathy, caused by the intracellular protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, is characterized by microvascular alterations, heart failure and arrhythmias. Ischemia and arrythmogenesis have been attributed to proteins shed by the parasite, although this has not been fully demonstrated. The aim of the present investigation was to study the effect of substances shed by T. cruzi on ischemia/reperfusion-induced arrhythmias. We performed a triple ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) protocol whereby the isolated beating rat hearts were perfused with either Vero-control or Vero T. cruzi-infected conditioned medium during the different stages of ischemia and subsequently reperfused with Tyrode's solution. ECG and heart rate were recorded during the entire experiment. We observed that triple I/R-induced bradycardia was associated with the generation of auricular-ventricular blockade during ischemia and non-sustained nodal and ventricular tachycardia during reperfusion. Interestingly, perfusion with Vero-infected medium produced a delay in the reperfusion-induced recovery of heart rate, increased the frequency of tachycardic events and induced ventricular fibrillation. These results suggest that the presence of parasite-shed substances in conditioned media enhances the arrhythmogenic effects that occur during the I/R protocol.

Chagas' myocardiopathy, caused by the intracellular protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, is characterized by microvascular alterations, heart failure and arrhythmias. Ischemia and arrythmogenesis have been attributed to proteins shed by the parasite, although this has not been fully demonstrated. The aim of the present investigation was to study the effect of substances shed by T. cruzi on ischemia/reperfusion-induced arrhythmias. We performed a triple ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) protocol whereby the isolated beating rat hearts were perfused with either Vero-control or Vero T. cruzi-infected conditioned medium during the different stages of ischemia and subsequently reperfused with Tyrode's solution. ECG and heart rate were recorded during the entire experiment. We observed that triple I/R-induced bradycardia was associated with the generation of auricular-ventricular blockade during ischemia and non-sustained nodal and ventricular tachycardia during reperfusion. Interestingly, perfusion with Vero-infected medium produced a delay in the reperfusion-induced recovery of heart rate, increased the frequency of tachycardic events and induced ventricular fibrillation. These results suggest that the presence of parasite-shed substances in conditioned media enhances the arrhythmogenic effects that occur during the I/R protocol.

The study aimed at investigating the relationship between parental involvement and learners' perceived attitude to their academic performance in Mathematics. To achieve this aim, the researcher used a sample of 134 parents and learners from grades 4-6 at Bungahan Elementary School. The researcher used the descriptive-correlational method of research, which utilized standardized questionnaires from published research. The study clearly revealed that learners' attitudes toward Mathematics do not affect their academic performance in Mathematics. The result of the correlational analysis is that learners' perceived attitudes in Mathematics such as (a) Motivation and Support, (b) Anxiety in Learning, (c) Self-Efficacy in Learning Mathematics do not significantly affect their academic performance in Mathematics as these perceived attitudes got a significant level of greater than 0.05, therefore, the null hypothesis was accepted. However, among the different ways of parental involvement stated in the study, only the mentoring strategies provided by the parents during the indicated school year have been effective in increasing their performance in Mathematics. There is a significant relationship between the mentoring strategies of parents and learners' academic performance; p= 0.016 (<0.05), which means a p-value smaller than 0.05 suggests that the correlation is statistically significant (at the 5 % level). The correlation coefficient for this is -0.253, which is negative. In other words: as the Mentoring Strategies increase, Learners' Academic Performance decreases. Concerning the strength of the correlation, -0.253 can be said to be weak. Nevertheless, it is critical to investigate how parents can assist and contribute to their children's academic success. Conclusions were drawn and recommendations were offered.

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in education pertains to using information and communication technology to support, enhance, and optimize information delivery. The study sought to ascertain the ICT competencies of elementary teachers in District 2 of the SDO Malolos City. The study employed a descriptive-quantitative method. The standardized questionnaire was adopted from the National ICT Competency Standards for Teachers (NICS), which covered the four domains of the ICT framework in education. Data were analyzed using the mean Kruskal-Wallis Test and the Mann-Whitney U test to determine significant differences between teacher respondents' profile and their level of National ICT Competency Standards. Results showed that teachers have a high level of competencies in Technology Operations and Concepts, Social and Ethical, and Pedagogical Domains, but an average level in the Professional domain. Likewise, a significant difference was not established in their gender, age, educational attainment, position, number of ICT-related training, and years of using ICT in teaching but found in teachers' length of service. The findings suggest that teachers must increase their level of competence in the Professional Domain to become more proficient and effective in carrying out their duties and responsibilities. This can be accomplished through seminar workshops on professional growth and development, research, innovation, and collaboration. To maximize their ICT skills, a competency-based training program should be provided in District 2 of SDO City of Malolos schools.

A systematic survey of Dehesilla Cave was carried out during 2017 in order to search for traces of rock art. Several panels with paintings were identified in the chamber next to the entrance (consisting of strokes, dots, stains, and remnants of shapes in red and black), which had remained unnoticed up until now and may provide relevant information towards the understanding of the prehistoric use of the cave and its seemingly symbolic topography. However, we cannot assume a priori a relationship between these paintings and the well-known Neolithic sequence of the site. To assess these paintings, we have analysed photomicrographs which have allowed us to determine their detailed characteristics, stroke morphology, and remnant features (for instance, hue, shape, density of paint, pigment grain size, micro-stroke traces left by the tools used). Taphonomic issues have also been considered and several physical and chemical techniques of analysis have been applied in order to identify the pigments and possible binders.

This paper sought to determine the impact of School heads' instructional supervision on Teachers' Job Satisfaction. The participants were the Elementary School Teachers in the City Schools Division of City of Malolos, Bulacan. The study made use of standardized instruments as the primary data gathering tool. To gather significant information, two different survey questionnaires were utilized to examine School Head's Instructional Supervision and the Teacher's Job Satisfaction. Regression analysis was used to determine the relationship that exists between variables. The result indicates that School Head's instructional supervision in terms of Designing various interventions is statistically significant with a p-value of 0.043, less than the significance level of 0.05 a while the three indicators (Classroom Observation, Portfolio Supervision, and Identifying Strengths and Limitations) are correlated with teachers' job satisfaction but not to a significant extent. The analysis of variance revealed an F-value of 3.761 with a p-value of 0.008 less than the significance alpha of 0.05. This means that all four predictor variables jointly impact teachers' job satisfaction, but the best predictor is designing various interventions.

ABSTRACT: The significant role of dairy caretakers in maintaining animal welfare on dairy farms emphasizes the necessity of appropriate training and education to ensure the implementation of practices that promote good animal welfare. This study explored the potential of case-based learning as a novel approach to training for dairy caretakers by investigating dairy caretakers' perspectives on case study discussions. Additionally, this study sought to understand thoughts and feelings of caretakers during case study discussions to help identify information that caretakers use to evaluate cases and make decisions. Two case studies were developed and presented to participants, and thematic analysis of case study discussion transcripts was performed. Pre- and post-training questionnaires for 21 caretakers (n = 21) were summarized. The study found that caretaker reactions to case studies were generally positive. Thematic analysis revealed that caretakers use previous knowledge to make treatment decisions for cattle, and valued discussion with coworkers. The results of this study suggest the need for further investigation into the use of case studies and other activities that provide opportunities for critical thinking as training opportunities on dairy farms.

Introducción: La técnica quirúrgica abierta para la cirugía tiroidea fue descrita por Kocher en el siglo XIX y se ha mantenido por más de 100 años. El abordaje vestibular endoscópico de la tiroidectomía y paratiroidectomía, es un enfoque novedoso que evita cicatriz en el cuello y ofrece resultados curativos favorables. Es aceptado como una alternativa a los abordajes cervicales abiertos tradicionales. El objetivo es presentar dos casos clínicos a los cuales se les realizo abordaje vestibular endoscópico para tiroidectomía y paratiroidectomía transoral. Casos Clínicos: La primera fue una femenina de 42 años, con lesión entre tercio medio y polo inferior de lóbulo tiroideo derecho, cuya punción reporto carcinoma papilar tiroideo. El segundo caso fue una femenina de 66 años, que acudió con valor elevado de PTH (Parathormona: 205,91pg/ml), y gammagrama, que reportó adenoma paratiroideo, por lo que se planteó diagnóstico de hiperparatiroidismo primario. A ambas se planteó abordaje transoral vestibular endoscópico. Conclusiones: El abordaje vestibular de la tiroidectomía y paratiroidectomía endoscópica transoral, es factible, eficaz y seguro, ofreciendo además el mejor resultado cosmético hasta ahora conocido. TOETVA y TOEPVA, son cirugías desafiantes, con una curva de aprendizaje amplia y pronunciada, pero al ser realizada por cirujanos expertos, brinda inmensos beneficios para los pacientes desde el punto de vista curativo, estético y funcional, con ausencia de drenajes postquirúrgicos, mejor recuperación y menor lesión del nervio laríngeo recurrente por su mejor identificación.

Sustainability has increasingly become key in universities, as the objectives of sustainable development are essential to establish policies, guidelines and indicators that guide institutions to be more sustainable. This recognition has led many authors to develop methods to assess universities based on their performance in terms of sustainable development. This article presents a review of these methods. The review focuses on identifying existing methods and classifying the methods according to seven characteristics: (1) nature of the data; (2) data collection; (3) scope; (4) level of implementation; (5) pillars of sustainability; (6) university function; (7) country perspective taken, which will allow identifying the differences between methods when assessing sustainability. The seven criteria established for the characterization of the sustainability assessment methods contain a total of 27 sub-criteria distributed among the properties. The main contribution of the study is the analysis of the revised methods through a comprehensive characterization and systematic grouping. In the discussion, the results are examined by looking at the comprehensiveness, heterogeneity and objectivity of the methods reviewed. Together with previous research in the area, this study highlights the need to continue deepening the design of sustainability assessment methods with standardized criteria.

Abstract Three‐dimensional (3D) printing is an emerging technique that has shown promising success in engineering human tissues in recent years. Further development of vat‐photopolymerization printing modalities has significantly enhanced the complexity level for 3D printing of various functional structures and components. Similarly, the development of microfluidic chip systems is an emerging research sector with promising medical applications. This work demonstrates the coupling of a digital light processing (DLP) printing procedure with a microfluidic chip system to produce size‐tunable, 3D‐printable porosities with narrow pore size distributions within a gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel matrix. It is found that the generation of size‐tunable gas bubbles trapped within an aqueous GelMA hydrogel‐precursor can be controlled with high precision. Furthermore, the porosities are printed in two‐dimensional (2D) as well as in 3D using the DLP printer. In addition, the cytocompatibility of the printed porous scaffolds is investigated using fibroblasts, where high cell viabilities as well as cell proliferation, spreading, and migration are confirmed. It is anticipated that the strategy is widely applicable in a range of application areas such as tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, among others.

El tumor de células granulares también denominado tumor de Abrikossoff o mioblastoma de células granulares, es una neoplasia infrecuente que suele aparecer entre la segunda y sexta década de la vida, predominante en mujeres. En este apartado presentamos una paciente femenina de 55 años de edad, quien presenta aumento de volumen en región parotídea derecha de 3 años de evolución, al examen físico se observa aumento de volumen en región parotídea derecha de aproximadamente 3.3 cm a la cual realizan punción- aspiración por aguja fina de la lesión, la cual reporta: fibroma. Por tal motivo es llevada a mesa operatoria donde se realiza resección oncológica de glándula parótida derecha en donde los resultados histopatológicos concluyen como tumor de células granulares, reportados en la literatura como una entidad infrecuente y aun más de localización en la glándula parótida, con una incidencia del 45-65% en el área de cabeza y cuello. Suele aparecer como un nódulo solitario, asintomático, bien definido, no inflamatorio, menor a dos centímetros, nuestra paciente permaneció en este rango presentando un discreto aumento en el tamaño de la lesión descrita en la literatura.

El adenoma canalicular es una neoplasia Benigna poco frecuente que se presenta en las glándulas salivales. Dentro de los tumores salivales forma parte del 1-3% del total. Se presenta casi exclusivamente en el labio superior, su crecimiento es lento y su manejo de elección es quirúrgico y su recurrencia no es frecuente.

Objetivo: Establecer la relación entre diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y el desarrollo de cáncer de tiroides en los pacientes que acuden a la consulta de cirugía oncológica de cabeza y cuello del CMDLT en el período comprendido entre enero 2018- enero 2023. Métodos: Estudio de tipo observacional, analítico, con casos controles, transversal, el cual incluyó 24 pacientes, obteniendo diagnóstico histopatológico de carcinoma de tiroides y previamente antecedente de diabetes. Se evaluó el comportamiento epidemiológico y desarrollo del carcinoma en presencia de diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Resultado: Más de la mitad de los pacientes (61%) pertenecieron al grupo con ambos diagnósticos, estimando una alta probabilidad comprendida entre 26,6 y 50,8% que el diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 previo sea un factor de riesgo para desarrollar cáncer de tiroides, con un IC del 95%. Además, se asocia que el diagnóstico de diabetes establecido en un tiempo mayor a 5 años pueda será el responsable del desarrollo de carcinogénesis; constatándose además que la histología más frecuente fue de carcinoma diferenciado, específicamente carcinoma papilar de tiroides (79%). Conclusión: La presencia de diabetes mellitus como factor de riesgo está relacionada con el cáncer de tiroides en pacientes jóvenes, menores de 50 años, asociado a un tiempo mayor de 5 años del diagnóstico endocrino patológico.