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In medical practice, the retrieval of intravascular foreign bodies (IFBs) represents a challenge and often requires a multidisciplinary approach. We report a case of a 65-year-old male patient with a metallic guide wire extended from the right subclavian artery to the left ventricle. An interventional radiology team employed the “trap technique”, with a combination of a retrieval device and angiographic catheters, which results crucial in this case. Proper device management and imaging assessment are essentil to the successful retrieval of IFBs. Further research is warranted to refine IFB retrieval techniques and evaluate long-term outcomes.

La Leucosis Enzoótica Bovina (LEB) es una enfermedad infecciosa que afecta principalmente a los rodeos lecheros. Su agente causal es el virus de la leucosis bovina (BLV), perteneciente a la familia Retroviridae. Aunque la mayoría de los animales infectados son asintomáticos, algunos desarrollan linfosarcoma. La transmisión de BLV ocurre principalmente por vía horizontal, a través de prácticas iatrogénicas como aplicaciones inyectables y palpaciones rectales. De manera vertical por vía transplacentaria, calostro y leche. Se ha sugerido la posibilidad de transmisión por insectos hematófagos. En Argentina, la enfermedad ha avanzado de manera exponencial desde la década de 1970 cuando se diagnosticó por primera vez. La prevalencia de LEB varía en diferentes regiones, y se observa una mayor tasa de infección en tambos en la región central del país. El presente estudio llevado a cabo en la provincia de Misiones durante el año 2019, tuvo como objetivo actualizar información sobre la situación de BLV en 135 tambos del sector de la agricultura Familiar en la provincia de Misiones, y su distribución espacial. Se encontró una tasa de infección del 13% en rodeos y se identificó un conglomerado espacial de alta tasa en la zona donde se concentran la mayor cantidad de tambos de la provincia. La infección fue más común en la categoría vacas y en aquellos tambos de mayor tamaño, aunque estas diferencias no fueron estadísticamente significativas. Estos resultados proporcionan información actualizada sobre la presencia de BLV en tambos de Agricultura Familiar en Misiones, sugiriendo una menor prevalencia en comparación con otras regiones lecheras de Argentina. Se destaca la importancia de abordar prácticas de manejo de riesgo para prevenir la transmisión de la enfermedad.

Introduction: This research paper aims to validate the Work-related Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (WAAQ, Bond et al., 2013) in the Italian context, demonstrating gender invariance. This measure was developed to address the need for a brief contextual measure of psychological flexibility in professional domains. Methods: Five studies were conducted. In Study 1, the scale was culturally adapted; parallel analysis and Exploratory Factor Analysis were conducted. Study 2 tested the structure, and the model fit of the 7-item scale through confirmatory factor analysis and internal consistency indices. Study 3 examined concurrent validity. Study 4 verified the temporal reliability using the test-retest method. Study 5 analyzed gender invariance. Results: In Study 1, the scale confirmed its one-factorial structure, accounting for 59.73% of the variance. Study 2 demonstrated a good model fit of the 7-item scale in the Italian context. Study 3 showed negative correlations with psychological inflexibility and positive correlations with life satisfaction, flourishing, and work engagement. Study 4 verified the temporal stability of the scale. Study 5 confirmed configural, metric, scalar, and residual invariance regarding gender. Discussion: Overall, the results support the WAAQ’s validity and reliability for assessing work-related psychological flexibility, making it a valuable tool for researchers and practitioners.

One of career counseling goals is to understand how to promote the well-being of people facing the unforeseen challenges of the changing world of work. The study investigates the relationship between psychological flexibility, career adaptability and well-being. 498 adult participants reply to Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II, Career Adapt-Abilities Scale, Satisfaction with life scale, and Flourishing Scale. Results show that career adaptability mediates the relationship between psychological flexibility and life satisfaction as well as between psychological flexibility and flourishing, suggesting that career adaptability could be considered a personal resource that enhances the effects of psychological flexibility on hedonic and eudemonic well-being, fostering the ability to adapt to changes in self and situation. Implications for future studies and career counselling are presented.

IntroductionExploring modifiable and non-modifiable determinants—like sex of new-borns, maternal characteristics, and lifestyle—of maternal and child health is a priority in Public Health. Understanding these sex-based differences is essential for tailored care and informed public health policies.MethodsThe present study aimed to delineate sex disparities in delivery and neonatal characteristics within the “MAMI MED” cohort, an ongoing prospective study involving mother–child pairs from Catania, Italy. The analysis included 1,090 mother–child pairs.ResultsThe comparison of birth weight and birth length distribution showed some differences between sexes, confirmed by higher birth weight (β = 0.121; 95% CI = 0.071–0.172) and greater birth length (β = 0.659; 95% CI = 0.360–0.958) in males compared to females. However, the comparison of small and adequate for gestational age (SGA vs. AGA) revealed that the likelihood of being SGA was higher in males than in females (OR = 1.592; 95% CI = 1.005–2.563).DiscussionThus, the focus should be on improving the assessment of gender-based differences in diagnostic criteria and incorporating gender-specific aspects into existing preventive guidelines to deeply understand the effect of gender disparities and risk factors on maternal-child health.

The European Union’s Farm-to-Fork Strategy and Green Deal underscore organic farming’s critical role in promoting sustainability and addressing socio-economic issues, including precarious, seasonal, and undeclared labor. The EU’s objective to have at least 25% of the agricultural land dedicated to organic farming by 2030 highlights the need for research into the social implications of organic practices, particularly concerning labor conditions, which remains largely unexplored. While existing literature often focuses on organic agriculture’s job creation potential, the specifics of labor conditions within this sector remain insufficiently examined. Limited attention has been paid to how private certification schemes shape labour processes, or to the effects of increased preventive measures on organic farmworkers’ workloads. This study conducts a systematic review of 41 articles to assess how labor issues are framed within the organic farming sector, identifying three main themes: 1. regulatory frameworks; 2. production practices; 3. farmworkers’ employment conditions. These themes are contextualized within the global agri-food value chain, demonstrating how organic agriculture is embedded in a globalized industry. The findings suggest that the social role of organic agriculture is often framed as an economic opportunity for farmers and rural communities or as a means of promoting rural development and increasing revenues through job creation. However, such perspectives risk overlooking the sector’s potential to improve labor conditions. The review reveals an urgent need for qualitative studies that explore the experiences of marginalized groups, including migrant and female workers, in organic farming. It advocates for future research that incorporates labor issues into policy discourse, aiming to enhance labor standards within organic certification schemes. Empirical research is therefore essential to deepening our understanding of the intersection between social and environmental sustainability, particularly in relation to the varied labor regimes present in organic agriculture. This work offers a foundational basis for future studies on the evolving relationship between organic agriculture and social sustainability in the context of the green transition.

Aim: The aim of this study was to systematically map the research conducted on health literacy skills in nursing students across all years of the bachelor's degree program, contributing to the advancement of knowledge in this crucial field. Background: Prior studies have highlighted the inadequacy and inconsistency of Health Literacy content in nursing curricula, emphasizing the pressing need for comprehensive research on effective methods and procedures to improve understanding of this subject. Review methods: Utilizing Arksey and O'Malley's framework, we conducted a scoping review. A systematic search was performed by four researchers across multiple electronic databases, including MEDLINE (via PubMed), the Education Resources Information Centre (ERIC), CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science (WOS), and Google Scholar. The protocol was registered with the Open Science Framework (OSF) on April 20, 2023 (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/CN8D7). Results: Inclusion criteria led to the selection of 30 studies. Various research areas emerged, such as the effectiveness of didactical strategies in promoting Health Literacy skills, the analysis of Health Literacy skill levels, Health Literacy skills as predictors of healthy behaviors, and nursing students' experiences in clinical settings regarding Health Literacy skills. The HL skills in nursing student was assessed with many different instruments. Conclusions: Further investigation and development of Health Literacy skills among nursing students are crucial. Analyzing patients' opinions on nursing students' performance during clinical placements and comparing nursing program curricula, including didactical strategies and Health Literacy skills assessment methods, can offer valuable insights into their impact on student learning outcomes. Implications for Nursing & Health Policy: This review emphasize the critical need for collaborative efforts between policymakers, educators, and healthcare professionals to enhance HL education in nursing programs and inform policies that promote the integration of HL skills into nursing practice. Patient and public involvement: Patient and Public Involvement and Engagement (PPIE) were not included in this project as it is a literature review and did not involve direct participation from patients or the public.

The complexity of today’s scenario has made it necessary to investigate the need for individuals to make choices that entail increasing exposure to risk and uncertainty. Among the individual resources that could help people to cope with situations of uncertainty, the new construct of subjective risk intelligence (SRI), known as a person’s ability to effectively weigh the pros and cons of a decision in situations where not all the outcomes are foreseen, would seem to play a prominent role. Considering that personality and coping strategies have been shown to be significantly related in previous research, the present study investigates the relationships between subjective risk intelligence, emotional intelligence, personality traits and coping strategies in both adults and adolescents. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 1390 Italian people, divided into two subsamples of 641 adolescents and 749 adults. The results showed that SRI mediated the roles that personality traits and emotional intelligence have in coping strategies differently in the adult sample, in which the mediating role of SRI was found for avoidance coping, and in the adolescent sample, in which SRI influenced all of the antecedents analysed in the study for almost all of the identified coping strategies. In light of these findings, subjective risk intelligence could be activated to deal with uncertain and risky situations, influencing the choice of effective or ineffective strategies in both adults and adolescents.

The instability resulting from major changes in recent decades has fostered a climate of uncertainty and risk that has had repercussions in terms of unemployment, social inequality, and precariousness. To cope with this phenomenon, especially in the context of career transitions, individuals have had to activate multiple psychological resources. In particular, these resources are required in the transition from academic life to the world of work and in the propensity and courage to make certain choices. In our study, we examined two main hypotheses: the mediating effect of courage and proactive personality in the relationship between career adaptability and university satisfaction in a sample of 657 (336 Italian and 321 Spanish) psychology students attending their final year of studies; through a multigroup analysis, the comparison of the two different subsamples, coming from different cultural contexts: Italian and Spanish. The results suggest important differences between these two groups.

BackgroundThe use of wearable sensors is being explored as a challenging way to accurately identify smoking behaviors by measuring physiological and environmental factors in real-life settings. Although they hold potential benefits for aiding smoking cessation, no single wearable device currently achieves high accuracy in detecting smoking events. Furthermore, it is crucial to emphasize that this area of study is dynamic and requires ongoing updates. ObjectiveThis scoping review aims to map the scientific literature for identifying the main sensors developed or used for tobacco smoke detection, with a specific focus on wearable sensors, as well as describe their key features and categorize them by type. MethodsAccording to the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) protocol, an electronic search was conducted on the PubMed, MEDLINE, and Web of Science databases, using the following keywords: (“biosensors” OR “biosensor” OR “sensors” OR “sensor” OR “wearable”) AND (“smoking” OR “smoke”). ResultsAmong a total of 37 studies included in this scoping review published between 2012 and March 2024, 16 described sensors based on wearable bands, 15 described multisensory systems, and 6 described other strategies to detect tobacco smoke exposure. Included studies provided details about the design or application of wearable sensors based on an elastic band to detect different aspects of tobacco smoke exposure (eg, arm, wrist, and finger movements, and lighting events). Some studies proposed a system composed of different sensor modalities (eg, Personal Automatic Cigarette Tracker [PACT], PACT 2.0, and AutoSense). ConclusionsOur scoping review has revealed both the obstacles and opportunities linked to wearable devices, offering valuable insights for future research initiatives. Tackling the recognized challenges and delving into potential avenues for enhancement could elevate wearable devices into even more effective tools for aiding smoking cessation. In this context, continuous research is essential to fine-tune and optimize these devices, guaranteeing their practicality and reliability in real-world applications.

BackgroundCardiovascular diseases (CVDs) pose a significant global health challenge, necessitating innovative approaches for primary prevention. Personalized prevention, based on genetic risk scores (PRS) and digital technologies, holds promise in revolutionizing CVD preventive strategies. However, the clinical efficacy of these interventions requires further investigation. This study presents the protocol of the INNOPREV randomized controlled trial, aiming to evaluate the clinical efficacy of PRS and digital technologies in personalized cardiovascular disease prevention.MethodsThe INNOPREV trial is a four-arm RCT conducted in Italy. A total of 1,020 participants, aged 40–69 with high 10-year CVD risk based on SCORE 2 charts, will be randomly assigned to traditional CVD risk assessment, genetic testing (CVD PRS), digital intervention (app and smart band), or a combination of genetic testing and digital intervention. The primary objective is to evaluate the efficacy of providing CVD PRS information, measured at baseline, either alone or in combination with the use of an app and a smart band, on two endpoints: changes in lifestyle patterns, and modification in CVD risk profiles. Participants will undergo a comprehensive assessment and cardiovascular evaluation at baseline, with follow-up visits at one, five, and 12 months. Lifestyle changes and CVD risk profiles will be assessed at different time points beyond the initial assessment, using the Life's Essential 8 and SCORE 2, respectively. Blood samples will be collected at baseline and at study completion to evaluate changes in lipid profiles. The analysis will employ adjusted mixed-effect models for repeated measures to assess significant differences in the data collected over time. Additionally, potential moderators and mediators will be examined to understand the underlying mechanisms of behavior change.DiscussionAs the largest trial in this context, the INNOPREV trial will contribute to the advancement of personalized cardiovascular disease prevention, with the potential to positively impact public health and reduce the burden of CVDs on healthcare systems. By systematically examining the clinical efficacy of PRS and digital interventions, this trial aims to provide valuable evidence to guide future preventive strategies and enhance population health outcomes.

Rural abandonment is a global phenomenon promoted by biophysical, socio-economic, and socio-productive causes, leading to the disappearance of traditional agricultural practices and serious impacts on food security and local livelihoods. This phenomenon is more complex in drylands since the lost of productive land is unlikely to be recovered due to the limited availability of water resources. This study aimed to identify abandoned agricultural lands in a sector located east of the northern oasis of Mendoza (Argentina) and determine the main driving forces leading this process. The interdisciplinary perspective employed included the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) difference technique implemented on Landsat images, the boosted regression trees analysis of spatially explicit drivers, and a digital survey providing perception assessments from local producers and their technical advisors. Abandoned agricultural land has increased by 92% between 2002 and 2020, being accessibility, crop type, vulnerable living conditions of the local population, availability of irrigation water and labor, and the lack of profitability, the main drivers identified by both sources of information (spatial model and social perception). The proposed approach contributes to monitore productive resources and land-use planning with a holistic and long-term vision. Highlights: • Rural abandonment was addressed as an environmental problem from an interdisciplinary perspective. • Abandoned land was detected using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) difference technique. • The spatial analysis and the perception study indicated mostly the same land-use change drivers. • Abandoned agricultural land increased by 92% between 2002 and 2020 in San Martín (Mendoza). • The main drivers of abandonment were accessibility, crop type, vulnerable living conditions of the local population, availability of irrigation water and labor, and the lack of profitability.

A peripheral pulmonary artery aneurysm (PAA) is a dilatation involving all 3-vessel wall layers (the intima, media, and adventitia) of a distal pulmonary artery. It represents a rare but potentially life-threatening condition. There are only some reviews of transcatheter embolization of unruptured idiopathic peripheral PAAs. Association with cardiac diseases, infections, vascular anomalies, pulmonary hypertension, and vasculitis has been noted. We report a case of a 38-year-old woman, with a history of third-degree atrioventricular (AV) block, treated with pacemaker placement, who presented a PAA in the left pulmonary lobe. Transcatheter coil embolization was performed, using a triple coaxial catheter system (a 6F outer, a 5F intermediate, and a 2.4F inner catheter) to prevent rupture and the aneurysm was successfully embolized. Although there is no consensus on the treatment for unruptured idiopathic peripheral PAAs, transcatheter embolization may be a promising treatment option.

Abstract Background The Well-being Profile (WB-Pro) is a multi-item and multidimensional instrument with strong psychometric properties and a solid theoretical grounding. It includes aspects of hedonic and eudaimonic well-being that can be used at the individual and social levels. Method We developed the Italian version through back-translation procedures. The aim of this study is to validate the WB-Pro in Italian as well as to better understand its multidimensionality through bifactor analysis. A sample of 1451 participants (910 = women, 62.7%; age range: 18–70, M-age = 32.34, SD-age = 13.64) was involved. Results The 15-factor structure was confirmed with CFA and ESEM and was invariant across gender, age, and education. We examined convergent and discriminant validity and a bifactorial representation. Short versions of the WB-Pro were tested. Discussion Even though a few items of the Italian version of the WB-Pro might benefit from revision (e.g., clear-thinking scale), this study confirms the theoretical and empirical strength of the WB-Pro. Conclusions This study supports the WB-Pro validity and usefulness in studying well-being and for professional psychological applications to assess well-being in both individuals and groups.

According to the neo-functional developmental theory, newborns and infants exhibit complex psycho-bodily functioning. The Basic Experiences of the Self (BEsS) refer to how they fulfil their essential life needs by organising their psycho-bodily functions in a typical configuration. As part of our research study, we developed a prototype psychometric tool called the BEsS Assessment Form (BAF) to assess the BEsS in infants aged zero to three years. We collected video recordings of their spontaneous behaviour and used the BAF to evaluate function polarity. In the BAF, thirty pairs of words represent functions in their dyadic polarity. To estimate the level of function polarity, we used the Osgood semantic differential scale, which ranges from seven to one. The study’s results confirm that functions can be assessed by grading along the opposite polarity spectrum. Moreover, in accordance with the theory, the functions can be grouped into four domains: the emotional, postural motor, physiological, and cognitive-symbolic planes. Our findings suggest that the characteristics of BEsS are significantly influenced by the activation of the physiological and postural motor functions, which are related to the early regulation of the autonomic nervous system and can be used to evaluate infant arousal.

Available data highlights the significant impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on global vaccination trends. Despite this, comprehensive evaluations of these changes at the European level are still scarce. This study examines coverage for diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (DTP) and measles-containing vaccines (MCV) in the WHO European Region from 2000 to 2022. Vaccination coverage data, defined as the percentage of surviving infants who received the first and third doses of DTP (DTP1 and DTP3) and the first and second doses of MCV (MCV1 and MCV2), were extracted from UNICEF databases. Joinpoint regression analysis was employed to identify joinpoints in the time series and to estimate Annual Percent Changes (APCs) and Average Annual Percent Changes (AAPCs) over predefined timeframes. The coverages for DTP1 and MCV1 exhibit a similar trend, overall characterized by four joinpoints, one of which is in 2019. In contrast, the coverage for DTP3 does not show a significant temporal trend and lacks joinpoints, while the vaccination coverage for MCV2 shows a steadily increasing trend, with three identified joinpoints. A comparative analysis with the pre-pandemic period reveals a significant increase in the number of countries characterized by a decreasing trend during the pandemic period for all considered vaccination coverages, as indicated by the negative AAPC values. These results highlight the effect of the pandemic on childhood vaccination coverage. Compared to a mere descriptive analysis, the temporal analysis of trends using joinpoint regression provides significant opportunities to identify variations in vaccination coverages and pinpoint areas for intervention in future vaccination strategies.

(1) Background: To improve academic performance and prevent dropouts, many studies have investigated the effects of non-intellective competencies on performance, and the effects of performance on school satisfaction. The aim of this study was to investigate the direct role of both non-intellective competencies and performance on school satisfaction at the same time. (2) Methods: The study involved 731 Italian students, attending three different high schools, who responded to the H-Comp Scale, a questionnaire assessing twelve different aspects of students' skills, attitudes and motivations over the study, and the H-Sat Scale, a questionnaire assessing five different areas of school satisfaction. (3) Results: We found a strong role of non-intellective competencies on school satisfaction and a marginal role of academic performance, gender and the attended class, which reduced as students' seniority increased. (4) Conclusions: This study showed that school satisfaction depends on students' self-perception in terms of their study competencies and the motivations possessed more than their sole performance, suggesting that this helps students to improve their non-intellective competencies in order to increase their performance and reduce the risk of dropouts, both directly and indirectly, through increasing their school satisfaction.

Ante-mortem diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is based mainly on the tuberculin skin test (TST) and the ɣ-IFN release assay (IGRA). Some infected animals escape screening tests, thus, limit herd sanitation. Previous reports have suggested a predominant pattern of multi-organ lesions attributable to Mycobacterium bovis (the causative agent of bTB) bacteraemia. A case–control study was conducted to investigate blood PCR as an alternative tool for improving ante-mortem detection of TST false-negative bovines. Cases comprised 70 TST false-negative bovines (cases), which were serology positive, and controls included 81 TST positive bovines; all of them confirmed as infected with M. bovis. Detection of the IS6110 target through touchdown blood-PCR (IS6110 TD-PCR) was performed. The positivity of the blood-PCR was 27.2% in the control group. This performance was similar to the 15% obtained among cases (p = 0.134). Most cases identified by the IS6110 TD-PCR exhibited focalized lesions (p = 0.002). Results demonstrated that blood-PCR could detect TST false-negative cattle, even if they are negative for IGRA. Considering that cases exhibited humoral response to M. bovis, further studies conducted in a pre-serological stage could provide evidence about the real contribution of the technique in herds.

Addressing immigrants' social and work inclusion is a priority at a time of increasing migration to Italy and Europe. Career counsellors can identify the sense of self in transition, consider complex experiences and socio-cultural stories, and tailor actions for inclusion. This project enhances understanding of this process and the elements that impact outcome and meaning of social inclusion and post-migration career development, providing suggestions for career guidance. We also explore the contribution of the Systems Theory Framework as a meta-theoretical and practical map, and present case studies. Results underscore the potential of a narrative approach to support immigrants' career development.