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Assume G is a graph with some pebbles distributed over its vertices. A pebbling move is when two pebbles are removed from one vertex, one is thrown away, and the other is moved to an adjacent vertex. The monophonic pebbling number, [Formula: see text] of a connected graph G, is the least positive integer n such that any distribution of n pebbles on G allows one pebble to be carried to any specified but arbitrary vertex using monophonic path by a sequence of pebbling operations. The least positive integer n such that any distribution of n pebbles on G allows t pebbles to be moved to any specified but arbitrary vertex by a sequence of pebbling moves using monophonic path is the monophonic t-pebbling number [Formula: see text] The monophonic pebbling number and monophonic t-pebbling number of Jahangir graphs, paths and square of paths are determined in this study.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as promising nanocarriers for cancer treatment due to their unique properties. Featuring high porosity, extensive surface area, chemical stability, and good biocompatibility, MOFs are ideal for efficient drug delivery, targeted therapy, and controlled release. They can be designed to target specific cellular organelles to disrupt metabolic processes in cancer cells. Additionally, functionalization with enzymes mimics their catalytic activity, enhancing photodynamic therapy and overcoming apoptosis resistance in cancer cells. The controllable and regular structure of MOFs, along with their tumor microenvironment responsiveness, make them promising nanocarriers for anticancer drugs. These carriers can effectively deliver a wide range of drugs with improved bioavailability, controlled release rate, and targeted delivery efficiency compared to alternatives. In this article, we review both experimental and computational studies focusing on the interaction between MOFs and drug, explicating the release mechanisms and stability in physiological conditions. Notably, we explore the relationship between MOF structure and its ability to damage cancer cells, elucidating why MOFs are excellent candidates for bio-applicability. By understanding the problem and exploring potential solutions, this review provides insights into the future directions for harnessing the full potential of MOFs, ultimately leading to improved therapeutic outcomes in cancer treatment.

Abstract Cashew is cultivated in varied agro-ecological regions of India and yield levels vary with regions. Therefore, to identify stable genotype for yield, 18 genotypes were tested in four environments for nut yield and ancillary traits during 2008 to 2018 in randomized block design with two replications. The data of 6th annual harvest and cumulative nut yield of six years was analyzed employing additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) and genotype and genotype by environment (GGE) methods. Analysis of variance for 6th annual harvest indicated significant differences (p

Summary: Background: The malignant childhood brain tumour, medulloblastoma, is classified clinically into molecular groups which guide therapy. DNA-methylation profiling is the current classification ‘gold-standard’, typically delivered 3–4 weeks post-surgery. Pre-surgery non-invasive diagnostics thus offer significant potential to improve early diagnosis and clinical management. Here, we determine tumour metabolite profiles of the four medulloblastoma groups, assess their diagnostic utility using tumour tissue and potential for non-invasive diagnosis using in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Methods: Metabolite profiles were acquired by high-resolution magic-angle spinning NMR spectroscopy (MAS) from 86 medulloblastomas (from 59 male and 27 female patients), previously classified by DNA-methylation array (WNT (n = 9), SHH (n = 22), Group3 (n = 21), Group4 (n = 34)); RNA-seq data was available for sixty. Unsupervised class-discovery was performed and a support vector machine (SVM) constructed to assess diagnostic performance. The SVM classifier was adapted to use only metabolites (n = 10) routinely quantified from in vivo MRS data, and re-tested. Glutamate was assessed as a predictor of overall survival. Findings: Group-specific metabolite profiles were identified; tumours clustered with good concordance to their reference molecular group (93%). GABA was only detected in WNT, taurine was low in SHH and lipids were high in Group3. The tissue-based metabolite SVM classifier had a cross-validated accuracy of 89% (100% for WNT) and, adapted to use metabolites routinely quantified in vivo, gave a combined classification accuracy of 90% for SHH, Group3 and Group4. Glutamate predicted survival after incorporating known risk-factors (HR = 3.39, 95% CI 1.4–8.1, p = 0.025). Interpretation: Tissue metabolite profiles characterise medulloblastoma molecular groups. Their combination with machine learning can aid rapid diagnosis from tissue and potentially in vivo. Specific metabolites provide important information; GABA identifying WNT and glutamate conferring poor prognosis. Funding: Children with Cancer UK, Cancer Research UK, Children’s Cancer North and a Newcastle University PhD studentship.

In 1865, Müller Argoviensis proposed Acalypha fallax based on specimens from Peninsula Indiae orientalis, which is now considered synonymous with A. lanceolata Willd. A recent study conducted in Tamil Nadu, India, from 2019 to 2022 thoroughly examined Acalypha species using multiple criteria: leaf epidermal characteristics, seed morphology, pollen features observed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and sequencing of the ITS, rbcL and matK spacer regions. This work identified distinctions between A. fallax and A. lanceolata, such as longer peduncles, obovate bracts in male flowers, and stems with two types of trichomes: strigose and hirsute. Moreover, the study proposed a new species, A. brittoi, which is described here as distinguishable from A. fallax by its larger leaf blades with 13–14‐toothed margins (compared to smaller blades with 8–9‐toothed margins in A. fallax), and by the ovate perianth of its male flowers (versus orbicular perianth in A. fallax). Unique patterns of leaf epidermal crystals and granules on seed surfaces further aided in distinguishing A. fallax from A. brittoi. Molecular analysis additionally confirmed genetic differences among these three species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing emphasis on environmental sustainability and the need for eco‐friendly solutions has intensified interest in bio‐fabricated titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles due to their unique properties and versatile applications. This review provides a comprehensive insight into the synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles using various biological sources, including plants and microorganisms, highlighting the advantages of green synthesis methods over conventional techniques. The antimicrobial activity of bio‐fabricated TiO2 nanoparticles against a range of pathogens, including Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, opportunistic species of Staphylococcus, Teschovirus A, Trichoderma, Candida albicans has been examined and scripted in various research papers, along with the underlying mechanisms that contribute to their efficacy. Additionally, the potential of TiO2 nanoparticles in cancer therapy is explored, focusing on their ability to induce apoptosis in cancer cells and their applications in photodynamic therapy. Furthermore, the discussion on the environmental applications of TiO2 nanoparticles, including their role in wastewater treatment, air purification, and as photocatalysts for the degradation of organic pollutants, in agriculture, energy production, electronic sensing emphasized its importance in maintaining environmental sustainability. By elucidating the multifaceted roles of bio‐fabricated TiO2 nanoparticles, this study underscores their potential as a promising alternative in healthcare and environmental management, paving the way for future research and applications in nanotechnology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research is centered on the investigation of a dye‐sensitized solar cell (DSSC) with a particular focus on the utilization of anthocyanin as a sensitizing agent, in conjunction with zinc oxide (ZnO) and lithium‐doped ZnO aggregates. A notable feature of this study is its emphasis on employing cost‐effective materials in the fabrication process, aligning with the quest for sustainable and economically viable solar cell technologies. This study explores a DSSC, specifically employing anthocyanin as a sensitizer, along with ZnO and lithium‐doped ZnO aggregates. The fabrication utilizes cost‐effective materials. The research delves into morphological studies of both ZnO and its doped counterpart. Fourier transform infrared spectra were recorded for both crude and purified dyes extracted from purple cabbage. The current density–voltage profile highlights superior power conversion efficiency in the DSSC using purified dye from purple cabbage sensitized with lithium‐doped ZnO semiconductor. Overall, these experimental findings underscore the potential of anthocyanin pigments for efficient energy conversion within the realm of renewable energy technologies. By employing low‐cost materials and thoroughly investigating the morphological and spectroscopic properties of the involved components, this research contributes to the ongoing efforts in advancing clean and sustainable solar cell technologies, thereby paving the achievement of environmental sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]