Author: "A. L. Moore" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

8,939 results on '"A. L. Moore"'

1. The CoralHydro2k database: a global, actively curated compilation of coral δ18O and Sr ∕ Ca proxy records of tropical ocean hydrology and temperature for the Common Era

Author: R. M. Walter, H. R. Sayani, T. Felis, K. M. Cobb, N. J. Abram, A. K. Arzey, A. R. Atwood, L. D. Brenner, É. P. Dassié, K. L. DeLong, B. Ellis, J. Emile-Geay, M. J. Fischer, N. F. Goodkin, J. A. Hargreaves, K. H. Kilbourne, H. Krawczyk, N. P. McKay, A. L. Moore, S. A. Murty, M. R. Ong, R. D. Ramos, E. V. Reed, D. Samanta, S. C. Sanchez, and J. Zinke
Subjects: Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract: The response of the hydrological cycle to anthropogenic climate change, especially across the tropical oceans, remains poorly understood due to the scarcity of long instrumental temperature and hydrological records. Massive shallow-water corals are ideally suited to reconstructing past oceanic variability as they are widely distributed across the tropics, rapidly deposit calcium carbonate skeletons that continuously record ambient environmental conditions, and can be sampled at monthly to annual resolution. Climate reconstructions based on corals primarily use the stable oxygen isotope composition (δ18O), which acts as a proxy for sea surface temperature (SST), and the oxygen isotope composition of seawater (δ18Osw), a measure of hydrological variability. Increasingly, coral δ18O time series are paired with time series of strontium-to-calcium ratios (Sr/Ca), a proxy for SST, from the same coral to quantify temperature and δ18Osw variability through time. To increase the utility of such reconstructions, we present the CoralHydro2k database, a compilation of published, peer-reviewed coral Sr/Ca and δ18O records from the Common Era (CE). The database contains 54 paired Sr/Ca–δ18O records and 125 unpaired Sr/Ca or δ18O records, with 88 % of these records providing data coverage from 1800 CE to the present. A quality-controlled set of metadata with standardized vocabulary and units accompanies each record, informing the use of the database. The CoralHydro2k database tracks large-scale temperature and hydrological variability. As such, it is well-suited for investigations of past climate variability, comparisons with climate model simulations including isotope-enabled models, and application in paleodata-assimilation projects. The CoralHydro2k database is available in Linked Paleo Data (LiPD) format with serializations in MATLAB, R, and Python and can be downloaded from the NOAA National Center for Environmental Information's Paleoclimate Data Archive at https://doi.org/10.25921/yp94-v135 (Walter et al., 2022).
Published: 2023
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2. Toward (Racial) Justice-In-The-Doing of Place-Based Community Engagement

Author: Tami L. Moore, Lindsey P. Abernathy, Gregory C. Robinson Ii, Marshan Marick, and Michael D. Stout
Abstract: Community and campus partners can benefit from place-based community engagement to enact a commitment to racial equity and community-driven decision-making. Racial equity is paramount in place-based community engagement. However, very little attention has been given to how whiteness in the ideological foundations of higher education shapes the work lives of professionals, faculty, and the collaborations they form to address community issues. Thus, the purpose of this case study is to foreground some paradoxes of whiteness-at-work (Yoon, 2012) in an informal place-based community engagement collaboration between the Center for Public Life at Oklahoma State University-Tulsa and members of the historic Greenwood community in Tulsa, Oklahoma. We take a reflexive stance (Ozias & Pasque, 2019), examining our own experience to explore how Yoon's (2012) concept of whiteness-at-work serves as a tool for advancing the racial equity agenda of place-based community engagement. We conclude that whiteness-at-work provides a useful lens through which to begin explicitly surfacing ways in which place-based community engagement can reify and perpetuate white hegemony. This approach also provides a starting point for racial "justice-in-the-doing," the internal, interpersonal, and institutional work to disrupt hegemonic whiteness" (Yoon, 2022), in place-based community engagement that may move us further toward garnering the racial equity to which we aspire.
Published: 2024

3. Divided by Policy, United by Resilience: Using Transformative Pedagogy to Impact Prospective Teachers in All Contexts

Author: Ruchi Bhatnagar, Rachel A. M. Lloyd, LaSonya L. Moore, and Jo Hoffman
Abstract: As American teacher educators and teachers are being roiled by restrictive legislation around critical race theory and divisive concepts in some states, our investigation explored the impact of critical communities of practice (CoP) on redesigning and teaching introduction to education courses with a transformative lens. This manuscript details the collaboration of four equity-minded teacher educators, each representing unique institutional and political contexts. While two authors taught in states which promote culturally sustaining pedagogies, the other two authors taught in states that had passed laws restricting the professional autonomy of educators and honest discussions of race and racism. Participation in this critical CoP as a support group enabled us to better understand and navigate our dichotomous policy contexts and renewed our commitment to teaching prospective teachers to be politically conscious and empowered to teach in anti-racist ways. Our CoP was instrumental in helping us recognize that transformative pedagogies and collaboration are effective tools that can provide much needed support to teacher educators across policy contexts, while we simultaneously strive to prepare teacher candidates who will teach in culturally sustaining ways.
Published: 2024

4. The Use of Generative AI to Support Inclusivity and Design Deliberation for Online Instruction

Author: Jill E. Stefaniak and Stephanie L. Moore
Abstract: Generative AI presents significant opportunities for instructional designers to create content and personalize online learning environments. Alongside its benefits, generative AI also poses ethical considerations and potential risks, such as perpetuating biases or disrupting the learning process. Navigating these complexities requires an approach to design deliberation that involves careful analysis, discussion, and decision-making throughout the design process. This paper proposes a conceptual framework to support instructional designers in leveraging generative AI to promote inclusivity within their design deliberations, emphasizing the importance of addressing ethical considerations and engaging in iterative design practices. [Note: The page range (181-205) shown in the citation is incorrect. The correct page range is 181-206.]
Published: 2024

5. Harnessing Generative AI (GenAI) for Automated Feedback in Higher Education: A Systematic Review

Author: Sophia Soomin Lee and Robert L. Moore
Abstract: In this systematic review, we synthesize ten empirical peer-reviewed articles published between 2019 and 2023 that used generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) for automated feedback in higher education. There are significant opportunities and challenges to integrate these tools effectively into learning environments as the demand for timely and personalized feedback grows. We examine the articles based on instructional contexts and system characteristics, identifying critical implementation possibilities for GenAI in automated feedback. Our findings reveal that GenAI provides diverse feedback across various contexts with multiple instructional purposes. GenAI systems can reduce instructor workload by automating routine grading and feedback tasks, allowing educators to focus on more complex teaching responsibilities with augmented capabilities. Additionally, these systems enhance communication, offer cognitive and emotional support, and improve accessibility by creating supportive, stress-free learning environments. Overall, implementing GenAI automated feedback systems improves educational outcomes and creates a more efficient and supportive learning environment for students and instructors. We conclude with future research directions to better integrate GenAI with human instruction by reconsidering instructors' roles, especially in providing feedback to create more effective educational experiences.
Published: 2024

6. Research Methods for Design Knowledge: Clarifying Definitions, Characteristics, and Areas of Confusion

Author: Stephanie L. Moore, Craig D. Howard, Elizabeth Boling, Heather Leary, and Charles B. Hodges
Abstract: In the field of educational technology and instructional design, research methods are emerging that aim to curate different forms of knowledge and insights beyond traditional research studies, or what Reigeluth and An (in Reigeluth and Carr-Chellman (eds) Instructional-design theories and models: Building a common knowledge base, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, 2009) refer to as "research to prove." As a result of evolving efforts in this area, editors of research journals in the field are receiving increased submissions employing these methods but have detected some persistent confusion among authors surrounding them. This has resulted in authors submitting articles with muddled methodologies and to outlets that may not be a fit for the work an author seeks to share. It can even be unclear whether authors intentionally employed a specific design-related method prior to reporting. In this piece, we will cover four methods--instructional design cases, case studies, design-based research, and formative evaluation of designs/products--to provide clarity for both graduate students and researchers. For each of these, we will provide definitions, discuss exemplars and features of exemplars, summarize key features that should be present in such a study and its reporting, and provide guidance on front-end intentional design and planning for research studies that employ these methodologies. Additional clarity on these methods can better support scholars and emerging scholars in their roles as researchers, authors, and reviewers.
Published: 2024
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7. Virtual contact improves intergroup relations between non-Muslim American and Muslim students from the Middle East, North Africa and Southeast Asia in a field quasi-experiment

Author: Shira Hebel-Sela, Boaz Hameiri, Linda R. Tropp, Samantha L. Moore-Berg, Rebecca Saxe, Eran Halperin, and Emile Bruneau
Subjects: Psychology, BF1-990, Social Sciences
Abstract: Abstract Given the current polarized climate in many parts of the world, finding effective interventions to address psychological factors that drive conflict is critical. Direct, face-to-face contact has the demonstrated potential to stem the tide of intergroup antipathy. However, modern socio-political conflicts often span great physical distances, making direct contact difficult, costly and rare. Programs for “virtual contact” have emerged in recent years, combining text-based computer-mediated communication with live video to extend intergroup contact’s benefits to broader audiences. While compelling, studies of such programs are typically conducted in laboratory settings, focusing only on change in outgroup attitudes. The current research tests how a semester-long virtual contact intervention that brings together non-Muslim US American students and Muslim students from the Middle East, North Africa and Southeast Asia shapes varied intergroup processes, across two large-scale field quasi-experiments (combined N = 2886). Compared to before the intervention and a control group, participants who engaged in virtual contact showed greater self-outgroup overlap, improved outgroup attitudes, and less outgroup dehumanization and meta-dehumanization. This research provides evidence that virtual contact can be an effective tool for promoting better intergroup relations.
Published: 2025
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8. Neuron-specific isoform of PGC-1α regulates neuronal metabolism and brain aging

Author: Dylan C. Souder, Eric R. McGregor, Josef P. Clark, Timothy W. Rhoads, Tiaira J. Porter, Kevin W. Eliceiri, Darcie L. Moore, Luigi Puglielli, and Rozalyn M. Anderson
Subjects: Science
Abstract: Abstract The brain is a high-energy tissue, and although aging is associated with dysfunctional inflammatory and neuron-specific functional pathways, a direct connection to metabolism is not established. Here, we show that isoforms of mitochondrial regulator PGC-1α are driven from distinct brain cell-type specific promotors, repressed with aging, and integral in coordinating metabolism and growth signaling. Transcriptional and proteomic profiles of cortex from male adult, middle age, and advanced age mice reveal an aging metabolic signature linked to PGC-1α. In primary culture, a neuron-exclusive promoter produces the functionally dominant isoform of PGC-1α. Using growth repression as a challenge, we find that PGC-1α is regulated downstream of GSK3β independently across promoters. Broad cellular metabolic consequences of growth inhibition observed in vitro are mirrored in vivo, including activation of PGC-1α directed programs and suppression of aging pathways. These data place PGC-1α centrally in a growth and metabolism network directly relevant to brain aging.
Published: 2025
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9. The alternative polyadenylation regulator CFIm25 promotes macrophage differentiation and activates the NF-κB pathway

Author: Srimoyee Mukherjee, Atish Barua, Luyang Wang, Bin Tian, and Claire L. Moore
Subjects: Alternative polyadenylation, Monocyte, Macrophage, CFIm25, Cell cycle, NUDT21, Medicine, Cytology, QH573-671
Abstract: Abstract Background Macrophages are required for development and tissue repair and protect against microbial attacks. In response to external signals, monocytes differentiate into macrophages, but our knowledge of changes that promote this transition at the level of mRNA processing, in particular mRNA polyadenylation, needs advancement if it is to inform new disease treatments. Here, we identify CFIm25, a well-documented regulator of poly(A) site choice, as a novel mediator of macrophage differentiation. Methods CFIm25 expression was analyzed in differentiating primary human monocytes and monocytic cell lines. Overexpression and depletion experiments were performed to assess CFIm25’s role in differentiation, NF-κB signaling, and alternative polyadenylation (APA). mRNA 3’ end-focused sequencing was conducted to identify changes in poly(A) site use of genes involved in macrophage differentiation and function. Cell cycle markers, NF-κB pathway components, and their targets were examined. The role of CFIm25 in NF-κB signaling was further evaluated through chemical inhibition and knockdown of pathway regulators. Results CFIm25 showed a striking increase upon macrophage differentiation, suggesting it promotes this process. Indeed, CFIm25 overexpression during differentiation amplified the acquisition of macrophage characteristics and caused an earlier slowing of the cell cycle, a hallmark of this transition, along with APA-mediated downregulation of cyclin D1. The NF-κB signaling pathway plays a major role in maturation of monocytes to macrophages, and the mRNAs of null, TBL1XR1, and NFKB1, all positive regulators of NF-κB signaling, underwent 3’UTR shortening, coupled with an increase in the corresponding proteins. CFIm25 overexpression also elevated phosphorylation of the NF-κB-p65 transcription activator, produced an earlier increase in the NF-κB targets p21, Bcl-XL, ICAM1 and TNF-α, and resulted in greater resistance to NF-κB chemical inhibition. Knockdown of Tables 2 and TBL1XR1 in CFIm25-overexpressing cells attenuated these effects, reinforcing the mechanistic link between CFIm25-regulated APA and NF-κB activation. Conversely, depletion of CFIm25 hindered differentiation and led to lengthening of NFKB1, TAB2, and TBL1XR1 3’ UTRs. Conclusions Our study establishes CFIm25 as a key mediator of macrophage differentiation that operates through a coordinated control of cell cycle progression and NF-κB signaling. This linkage of mRNA processing and immune cell function also expands our understanding of the role of alternative polyadenylation in regulating cell signaling.
Published: 2025
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10. Population shift in antibody immunity following the emergence of a SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern

Author: Jinal N. Bhiman, Vimbai Sharon Madzorera, Qiniso Mkhize, Cathrine Scheepers, Tandile Hermanus, Frances Ayres, Zanele Makhado, Thandeka Moyo-Gwete, Carol Crowther, Beverley Singh, Mirriam Fortuin, Edmore Marinda, Sean Jooste, Khangelani Zuma, Nompumelelo Zungu, Lynn Morris, Adrian Puren, Leickness Simbayi, Sizulu Moyo, and Penny L. Moore
Subjects: SARS-CoV-2, South Africa, Neutralizing antibodies, Antibody immunity, Population shift, Beta variant, Medicine, Science
Abstract: Abstract Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern (VOCs) exhibit escape from pre-existing immunity and elicit variant-specific immune responses. In South Africa, the second wave of SARS-CoV-2 infections was driven by the Beta VOC, which coincided with the country-wide National COVID-19 Antibody Survey (NCAS). The NCAS was conducted between November 2020 and February 2021 to understand the burden of SARS-CoV-2 infection through seroprevalence. We evaluated 649 NCAS sera for spike binding and pseudovirus neutralizing antibodies. We classified individuals as ancestral or D614G neutralizers (114/649), Beta neutralizers (96/649), double neutralizers (375/649) or non-neutralizers (62/649). We observed a consistent decrease in preferential neutralization against the D614G variant from 68 to 18% of individuals over the four sampling months. Concurrently, samples with equivalent neutralization of both variants, or with enhanced neutralization of the Beta variant, increased from 32 to 82% of samples. Neutralization data showed that geometric mean titers (GMTs) against D614G dropped 2.4-fold, while GMTs against Beta increased 2-fold during this same period. A shift in population humoral immunity in favor of Beta-directed or cross-neutralizing antibody responses, paralleled the increase in genomic frequency of the Beta variant in South Africa. Understanding similar population immunity shifts could elucidate immunity gaps that drive SARS-CoV-2 evolution.
Published: 2025
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11. Using Networked Learning to Improve Learning Analytics Implementation

Author: Stephanie J. Blackmon and Robert L. Moore
Abstract: As learning analytics use grows across U.S. colleges and universities, so does the need to discuss the plans, purposes, and paths for the data collected via learning analytics. More specifically, students, faculty, and others who are impacted by learning analytics use should have more information about their campus' learning analytics practices than many colleges and universities currently provide. Therefore, in the current text, the authors leverage networked learning to create a networked learning analytics logic model that supports colleges and universities in developing more transparent, ethical, inclusive learning analytics plans. The authors build on their previous learning analytics framework as well as extant learning analytics literature to develop the networked learning analytics logic model. The model offers flexibility that allows for adaptive implementation by institutions that are both new to or already engaging in learning analytics initiatives. We encourage those considering learning analytics to implement the model and disseminate their findings so that the model can evolve to align with the dynamic nature of learning analytics implementations.
Published: 2024
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12. Age of air from in situ trace gas measurements: insights from a new technique

Author: E. A. Ray, F. L. Moore, H. Garny, E. J. Hintsa, B. D. Hall, G. S. Dutton, D. Nance, J. W. Elkins, S. C. Wofsy, J. Pittman, B. Daube, B. C. Baier, J. Li, and C. Sweeney
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract: The age of air is an important transport diagnostic that can be derived from trace gas measurements and compared to global chemistry climate model output. We describe a new technique to calculate the age of air, measuring transport times from the Earth's surface to any location in the atmosphere based on simultaneous in situ measurements of multiple key long-lived trace gases. The primary benefits of this new technique include (1) optimized ages of air consistent with simultaneously measured SF6 and CO2; (2) age of air from the upper troposphere through the stratosphere; (3) estimates of the second moment of age spectra that have not been well constrained from measurements; and (4) flexibility to be used with measurements across multiple instruments, platforms, and decades. We demonstrate the technique on aircraft and balloon measurements from the 1990s, the last period of extensive stratospheric in situ sampling, and several recent missions from the 2020s, and compare the results with previously published and modeled values.
Published: 2024
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13. Transcript errors generate amyloid-like proteins in human cells

Author: Claire S. Chung, Yi Kou, Sarah J. Shemtov, Bert M. Verheijen, Ilse Flores, Kayla Love, Ashley Del Dosso, Max A. Thorwald, Yuchen Liu, Daniel Hicks, Yingwo Sun, Renaldo G. Toney, Lucy Carrillo, Megan M. Nguyen, Huang Biao, Yuxin Jin, Ashley Michelle Jauregui, Juan Diaz Quiroz, Elizabeth Head, Darcie L. Moore, Stephen Simpson, Kelley W. Thomas, Marcelo P. Coba, Zhongwei Li, Bérénice A. Benayoun, Joshua J. C. Rosenthal, Scott R. Kennedy, Giorgia Quadrato, Jean-Francois Gout, Lin Chen, and Marc Vermulst
Subjects: Science
Abstract: Abstract Aging is characterized by the accumulation of proteins that display amyloid-like behavior. However, the molecular mechanisms by which these proteins arise remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that amyloid-like proteins are produced in a variety of human cell types, including stem cells, brain organoids and fully differentiated neurons by mistakes that occur in messenger RNA molecules. Some of these mistakes generate mutant proteins already known to cause disease, while others generate proteins that have not been observed before. Moreover, we show that these mistakes increase when cells are exposed to DNA damage, a major hallmark of human aging. When taken together, these experiments suggest a mechanistic link between the normal aging process and age-related diseases.
Published: 2024
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14. Educators of Gifted and Talented Students Must Be Formally Trained for Homeplace to Become a Reality: Recommended Theories and Paradigms

Author: Donna Y. Ford and James L. Moore III
Abstract: Given the abysmal underrepresentation of Black and other minoritized students in gifted and talented programs, there is a need to help them to be more effective with recruitment and retention. In this article, we maintain that the notion of someplace is important in order for educators to reverse underrepresentation. To support them, we share relevant theories and paradigms.
Published: 2024
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15. Using Homeplace to Guide STEM Identity Development in Black Males

Author: Erik M. Hines, Edward C. Fletcher, Paul C. Harris, Jerrod A. Henderson, and James L. Moore III
Abstract: Black males continue to be underrepresented in the fields of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics. Some of the barriers to representation are due to lack of exposure, academic expectations, lack of belief in one's ability, and opportunity gaps. The purpose of this article is to discuss how homeplace (Black joy, authenticity, and freedom dreaming) can be cultivated by educators and practitioners in both K-12 and higher education. We also make recommendations for policy, practice, and research.
Published: 2024
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16. A Systematic Review of Mobile-Based Microlearning in Adult Learner Contexts

Author: Robert L. Moore, Woorin Hwang, and Jennifer D. Moses
Abstract: This systematic review examines the empirical literature published between 2015 and 2021 on mobile-based microlearning in adult learning contexts. The rapid shift to online learning in 2020 in response to the global COVID-19 pandemic has emphasized the need to explore flexible learning options for adult learners. The convenience of mobile-based learning has increased due to the prevalence and global access to mobile devices. Mobile-based microlearning is an emerging area of research, and in this systematic review we explore ways adult learning contexts -- including workplace and higher education -- have integrated mobile-based microlearning to support instructional goals. We synthesize nine articles about mobile-based microlearning highlighting findings and implications for facilitators. Our findings showed that mobile-based microlearning is being implemented in various instructional contexts and the included studies focused on effectiveness and design principles. We conclude our review with recommendations for implications for practice.
Published: 2024
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17. Embedding Social Equity in Disaster Response: Simulation Case Study

Author: Paige L. Moore and Ratna Okhai
Abstract: This simulation provides public administration, public policy, and management students and practitioners with an immersive disaster scenario. The table-top exercise provides an example of how municipal leaders can prepare for disaster scenarios and the importance of embedding social equity into disaster response. Additionally, it provides an example of how to embed social equity in the planning and development of disaster response planning and preparation. This classroom-based group simulation takes approximately 90 minutes (20 minutes for preparation, 50 minutes for the simulation case study, and 20 minutes for discussion) and also includes barriers to disaster relief experienced by minority populations. The case is organized into three sections and concludes with teaching notes and discussion questions.
Published: 2024
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18. Multi-Agent Feedback Motion Planning using Probably Approximately Correct Nonlinear Model Predictive Control.

Author: Mark Gonzales, Adam Polevoy, Marin Kobilarov, and Joseph L. Moore
Published: 2025
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19. Higher dose corticosteroids in hospitalised COVID-19 patients requiring ventilatory support (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trialResearch in context

Author: O. Abani, A. Abbas, F. Abbas, J. Abbas, K. Abbas, M. Abbas, S. Abbasi, H. Abbass, A. Abbott, N. Abdallah, A. Abdelaziz, M. Abdelfattah, B. Abdelqader, A. Abdul, B. Abdul, S. Abdul, A. Abdul Rasheed, A. Abdulakeem, R. Abdul-Kadir, A. Abdullah, A. Abdulmumeen, R. Abdul-Raheem, N. Abdulshukkoor, K. Abdusamad, Y. Abed El Khaleq, M. Abedalla, A. Abeer Ul Amna, L. Abel, K. Abernethy, M. Abeywickrema, C. Abhinaya, A. Abidin, A. Aboaba, A. Aboagye-Odei, C. Aboah, H. Aboelela, H. Abo-Leyah, K. Abouelela, A. Abou-Haggar, M. Abouibrahim, A. Abousamra, M. Abouzaid, M. Abraham, T. Abraham, A. Abraheem, J. Abrams, R. Abrams, H.J. Abu, A. Abu-Arafeh, S.M. Abubacker, A. Abung, Y. Abusamra, Y. Aceampong, A. Achara, D. Acharya, F. Acheampong, P. Acheampong, S. Acheampong, J. Acheson, S. Achieng, A. Acosta, R. Acquah, C. Acton, J. Adabie-Ankrah, P. Adair, A.S. Adam, F. Adam, M. Adam, H. Adamali, M. Adamczyk, C. Adams, D. Adams, K. Adams, L. Adams, N. Adams, R. Adams, T. Adams, L. Adamu-Ikeme, K. Adatia, K. Adcock, L. Addai-Boampong, A. Addo, O. Adeagbo, A. Adebiyi, O. Adedeji, Y. Adegeye, K. Adegoke, V. Adell, S. Adenwalla, F.W. Adeoye, O.A. Adesemoye, E.O. Adewunmi, A. Adeyanju, J. Adeyemi, T. Adeyemo, B. Adhikari, S.A. Adhikari, R. Adhikary, A. Aditya, P. Adjepong, G. Adkins, A. Adnan, M. Adriaanse, J. Aeron-Thomas, D. Affleck, C. Afnan, M. Afridi, P. Afrim, F.A. Afriyie, Z.A. Aftab, A. Afum-Adjei Awuah, M. Agarwal, P.N. Agasiya, R. Agbeko, C. Agbo, S. Aggarwal, A. Aghababaie, L. Aguilar Jimenez, J.A. Agyekum, K. Agyen, E.K. Ahadome, S. Ahamed Sadiq, M.H. Ahammed Nazeer, M. Ahmad, S. Ahmad, A. Ahmed, B.A.R. Ahmed, B. Ahmed, F. Ahmed, H. Ahmed, I. Ahmed, K. Ahmed, L. Ahmed, M. Ahmed, M.C. Ahmed, M.S. Ahmed, N. Ahmed, O. Ahmed, R.A. Ahmed, R. Ahmed, S. Ahmed, S.G. Ahmed, S.H. Ahmed, R. Ahmed Ali, B. Ahmed Mohamud, S. Ahmer, A. Ahonia, C. Aidoo, C. Aiken, D. Ail, M. Ainsworth, M. Aissa, L. Aitken, B. Ajay, A. Ajibode, A. Ajmi, N. Akhtar, S. Akili, B. Akinbiyi, O. Akindolie, Y. Akinfenwa, O. Akinkugbe, I. Akinpelu, M. Akram, O. Aktinade, U. Akudi, A.S.A.R. Al Aaraj, A. Al Balushi, M. Al Dakhola, A. Al Swaifi, E. Al-Abadi, A. Alabi, N. Aladangady, M. Alafifi, A. Alam, S. Alam, A. Al-Asadi, K. Alatzoglou, P. Albert, A. Albertus, L. Albon, A. Alcala, G. Alcorn, S. Alcorn, A. Aldana, D. Alderdice, A. Aldesouki, R. Aldouri, J. Aldridge, N. Aldridge, R. Ale, R.M. Ale, A. Alegria, A. Alexander, C. Alexander, J. Alexander, P.D.G. Alexander, J. Al-fori, L. Alghazawi, O. Alhabsha, B. Al-Hakim, R. Alhameed, M. Al-Hayali, S. Al-Hity, A. Ali, F.R. Ali, J. Ali, M. Ali, M.S. Ali, N. Ali, O. Ali, R. Ali, S. Ali, E. Aliberti, J. Alin, A. Alina, A. Alipustain, B. Alisjahbana, F. Aliyuda, K. Alizadeh, M. Al-Jibury, S. Al-Juboori, M. Al-Khalil, A. Alkhudhayri, M. Alkhusheh, F. Allan, N. Allan, A. Allanson, R. Allcock, E. Allen, J. Allen, K. Allen, L. Allen, P. Allen, R. Allen, S. Allen, T. Allen, A. Alli, K. Allison, B. Allman, H.K. Allsop, L. Allsop, D. Allsup, A.F.T. Almahroos, H. Al-Moasseb, M. Al-Obaidi, L. Alomari, A. Al-Rabahi, B. Al-Ramadhani, Z. Al-Saadi, R. Al-Sammarraie, I. Alshaer, R. Al-Shahi Salman, W. Al-Shamkhani, F. Alsheikh, B. Al-Sheklly, S. Altaf, A. Alty, M. Alvarez, M. Alvarez Corral, E. Alveyn, M. Alzetani, S. Amamou, N. Amar, S. Ambalavanan, R. Ambrogetti, C. Ambrose, A. Ameen, A. Amelia Ganefianty, K. Ames, M.R. Amezaga, A. Amin, K. Amin, S. Amin, T. Amin, B. Amit, A. Amjad, N. Amjad, J. Amoah-Dankwa, A. Amoako-Adusei, V. Amosun, M. Amsal, K. Amsha, J. Amuasi, N. Amutio Martin, P. Amy, A. Anada, A. Anand, S. Anandappa, S.D. Anantapatnaikuni, N.K.N. Andari, E. Anderson, J. Anderson, L. Anderson, M. Anderson, N. Anderson, R. Anderson, S. Anderson, W. Anderson, P. Andreou, A. Andrews, J. Andrews, K. Aneke, A. Ang, W.W. Ang, T. Angel, A. Angela, P. Angelini, L. Anguvaa, O. Anichtchik, M. Anim-Somuah, K. Aniruddhan, J. Annett, L. Anning, M. Ansah, P.J. Anstey, R. Anstey, A. Anthony, A. Anthony-Pillai, P. Antill, Z. Antonina, V. Anu, M. Anwar, S. Anwar, E. Apetri, A. Apostolopoulos, S. Appleby, D. Appleyard, M.F. Aquino, B. Araba, S. Aransiola, M. Araujo, A. Archer, D. Archer, S. Archer, D. Arcoria, C. Ardley, G. Arhin-Sam, A.-M. Arias, O. Aribike, R. Arimoto, N.L.P.E. Arisanti, C. Arkley, C. Armah, I. Armata, J. Armistead, A. Armitage, C. Armstrong, M. Armstrong, S. Armstrong, W. Armstrong, P. Armtrong, H. Arndt, C. Arnison-Newgass, D. Arnold, R. Arnold, A. Arnott, D. Arora, K. Arora, P. Arora, R. Arora, A. Arter, A. Arthur, N.M. Artini, A. Arumaithurai, A. Arya, R. Arya, D. Aryal, D. Asandei, G.A. Asare, A. Asghar, M. Asghar, A. Ashab, C. Ashbrook-Raby, H. Ashby, J. Ashcroft, S. Ashcroft, G. Asher, Z. Ashfak, A. Ashfaq, H.A. Asiamah, A. Ashish, D. Ashley, S. Ashman-Flavell, S. Ashok, A.-E.-A. Ashour, M.Z. Ashraf, S. Ashraf, M.B. Ashraq, D. Ashton, S. Ashton, A. Ashworth, F.J. Ashworth, R. Ashworth, A. Aslam, I. Aslam, S. Aslam, L. Aslett, H. Asogan, A. Asrar, O. Assaf, R. Astin-Chamberlain, Y.E. 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Vass, K. Vassell, V. Vasu, V. Vasudevan, M. Vatish, S. Vaughan, H. Vayalaman, D. Vayapooree, C. Vaz, N. Veale, S. Veerasamy, S. Velankar, L. Velauthar, N. Veli, N. Vella, A. Velugupati, A. Velusamy, I. Venables, M. Venditti, R. Venkataramakrishnan, R. Venn, M. Venter, L. Ventilacion, J. Vere, M. Veres, S. Vergnano, W. Verling, A. Verma, R. Vernall, B. Vernon, M. Vertue, L. Verueco, J. Verula, A. Veterini, N. Vethanayagam, S. Vettikumaran, L. Veys, C. Vickers, S. Victor, S. Victoria, C. Vidaillic, C.P. Vidaillac, J. Vidler, B. Vijayakumar, V.W. Vijayaraghavan Nalini, B. Vilcinskaite, A. Vileito, N. Vilimiene, L. Vinall, S. Vinay, L. Vinayakarao, O. Vincent, R. Vincent, N.Q. Vinh, P. Virdee, E. Virgilio, A.M. Virk, E. Visentin, M. Vitaglione, K. Vithian, S. Vittoria, S. Vivekananthan, E. Vlad, B. Vlies, L. von Oven, C. Vooght, K.T. Vu Thai, K. Vutipongsatorn, A. Vuylsteke, E. Vyras, R. Wach, B. Wadams, S. Wadd, N. Waddington, P. Wade, J. Wadsley, K. Wadsworth, S.E.I. Wafa, D. Wagstaff, L. Wagstaff, D. Wahab, Z. Wahbi, A. Waheed Adigun, S. Waidyanatha, A. Waite, R. Wake, A. Wakefield, W. Wakeford, F. Wakinshaw, E. Waldeck, A. Walden, L. Walding, A. Waldron, J. Waldron, E. Wales, B. Wali, D. Walker, G. Walker, H. Walker, I. Walker, K. Walker, L. Walker, O. Walker, R. Walker, S. Walker, G. Wallace, R. Wallbutton, J. Wallen, K. Wallendszus, A. Waller, R. Waller, G. Wallis, L. Wallis, M. Wallis, E. Walmsley, D. Walsh, E. Walsh, L. Walsh, D. Walstow, D. Walter, A. Walters, H. Walters, J. Walters, E. Walton, L. Walton, M. Walton, O. Walton, S. Walton, M. Wan, J. Wanda, M. Wands, R. Wane, F. Wang, N. Wang, R. Wang, S. Wang, D. Warbrick, S. Warburton, C. Ward, D. Ward, E. Ward, H. Ward, J. Ward, L. Ward, N. Ward, R. Ward, T. Ward, S.A. Warden, G. Wardere, S. Wardle, H. Wardy, G. Waring, S. Waring, J. Warmington, B. Warner, C. Warner, L. Warnock, S. Warran, J. Warren, L. Warren, R. Warren, Y. Warren, D. Warrender, H. Warren-Miell, A. Warris, G. Warwick, H. Wassall, S. Wasserman, E. Wasson, H.J. Watchorn, H. Waterfall, A. Waters, D. Waters, M. Waterstone, A. Watkin, C. Watkins, E. Watkins, K. Watkins, L. Watkins, A. Watson, A.J.R. Watson, E. Watson, F. Watson, J.G.R. Watson, L. Watson, P. Watson, R. Watson, K. Watson, M. Watters, D. Watterson, K. Wattimena, D. Watts, J. Watts, M. Watts, V. Waugh, E. Wayman, M. Wayman, A. Wazir, M. Weatherhead, N. Weatherly, C. Webb, H. Webb, K. Webb, S. Webb, C. Websdale, D. Webster, I. Webster, J. Webster, T. Webster, J. Wedlin, L. Wee, R. Weerakoon, T. Weerasinghe, J. Weeratunga, M. Weetman, S. Wei, I. Weichert, E. Welch, H. Welch, J. Welch, L. Welch, S. Welch, B. Welham, S. Weller, L. Wellings, B. Wells, S. Wellstead, B. Welsh, R. Welsh, I. Welters, R. Welton, V. Wenn, L. Wentworth, J. Wesonga, K. Wesseldine, J. West, M. West, R. West, S. West, L. Western, R. Westhead, H. Weston, A. Westwood, K. Westwood, S. Westwood, B. Wetherill, S. Wheaver, H. Wheeler, B. Whelan, M. Whelband, A. Whileman, A. Whitcher, A. White, B. White, C. White, D. White, J. White, K. White, M. White, N. White, S. White, T. White, C. Whitehead, K. Whitehorn, A. Whitehouse, C. Whitehouse, T. Whitehouse, J. Whiteley, L. Whiteley, S. Whiteley, R. Whitham, G. Whitlingum, D. Whitmore, E. Whittaker, L. Whittam, A. Whittington, H. Whittle, R. Whittle, E. Wiafe, L. Wiblin, O. Wickens, J. Widdrington, J. Wieboldt, H. Wieringa, C. Wiesender, L. Wiffen, A. Wight, A. Wignall, C. Wignall, A. Wilce, D. Wilcock, E. Wilcock, L. Wilcox, B. Wild, L. Wild, S. Wild, M. Wilde, L. Wilding, P. Wilding, T. Wildsmith, J. Wileman, J. Wiles, K. Wiles, E. Wilhelmsen, T. Wiliams, J. Wilkie, D. Wilkin, H. Wilkins, J. Wilkins, S. Wilkins, I. Wilkinson, L. Wilkinson, N. Wilkinson, S. Wilkinson, T. Wilkinson, S. Willetts, A. Williams, C. Williams, C.V. Williams, D. Williams, E. Williams, G. Williams, H. Williams, J. Williams, K. Williams, M. Williams, P. Williams, R. Williams, S. Williams, T. Williams, A. Williamson, C. Williamson, D. Williamson, J. Williamson, J.D. Williamson, R. Williamson, H. Williamson, E. Willis, H. Willis, J. Willis, L. Wills, L. Willsher, C. Willshire, F. Willson, J. Willson, A. Wilson, B. Wilson, D. Wilson, I. Wilson, J. Wilson, K. Wilson, K.-A. Wilson, L. Wilson, M. Wilson, S. Wilson, T. Wilson, K.L.Y. Win, M. Win, T. Win, T.T. Win, W.Y.W. Win, L. Winckworth, L. Winder, P. Winder, S. Winearl, H. Winmill, S. Winn, C. Winpenny, H. Winslow, H. Winter, J. Winter, B. Winter-Goodwin, J. Winterton, H. Winwood, J. Wischhusen, S. Wisdom, M. Wise, M. Wiselka, R. Wiseman, S. Wiseman, S. Wishart, T. WIshlade, E. Witele, N. Withers, J. Wittes, D. Wixted, T. Wodehouse, W. Wolf, N. Wolff, K. Wolffsohn, R. Wolf-Roberts, E. Wolodimeroff, A. Wolstencroft, A. Wong, C. Wong, C.-H. Wong, C.-M. Wong, E. Wong, J.S.Y. Wong, K.Y. Wong, M.Y. Wong, N. Wong, S. Wong, T. Wong, A.A. Wongkyezeng, A. Wood, C. Wood, D. Wood, F. Wood, G. Wood, H. Wood, J. Wood, L. Wood, M. Wood, S. Wood, T. Wood, K. Woodall, R. Woodfield, C. Woodford, E. Woodford, J. Woodford, L. Woodhead, T. Woodhead, P. Woodland, M. Woodman, S. Woodmansey, C. Woods, J. Woods, K. Woods, S. Woods, Z. Woodward, M. Woolcock, G. Wooldridge, R. Woolf, C. Woollard, L. Woollen, E. Woolley, J. Woolley, D. Woosey, D. Wootton, J. Wootton, D. Worley, S. Worton, J. Wraight, M. Wray, K. Wren, L. Wren, C. Wrey Brown, C. Wright, D. Wright, F. Wright, H. Wright, I. Wright, L. Wright, R. Wright, S. Wright, T. Wright, C. Wroe, H. Wroe, H. Wu, P. Wu, J. Wubetu, F. Wulandari, R. Wulandari, S. Wurie, C. Wyatt, F. Wyn-Griffiths, I. Wynter, B. Xavier, A. Xhikola, B.E. Xia, Z. Xia, E. Yacoba, S. Yadav, M. Yakubi, M. Yan, Y. Yanagisawa, F. Yang, Y. Yang, M. Yanney, W.L. Yap, N. Yaqoob, S. Yasmin, B. Yates, D. Yates, E. Yates, H. Yates, T. Yates, M. Yates, J. Ye, C. Yearwood Martin, K. Yein, F. Yelnoorkar, L. Yen, L.M. Yen, A. Yeoh, C.Y. Yeung, P. Yew, D. Yewatkar, L. Ylquimiche Melly, I. Ynter, H. Yong, J. Yorke, J. Youens, A. Younes Ibrahim, E. Young, G. Young, L. Young, A. Yousafzar, S. Youssouf, A. Yousuf, H. Yovita, C. Yu, J.S.J. Yuan, N. Yufaniaputri, B. Yung, D. Yusef, S. Yusef, I. Yusuf, A.-S. Zafar, S. Zagalo, S. Zaher, A. Zahoor, M. Zainab, T. Zak, K. Zaki, N. Zakir, K. Zalewska, A. Zamalloa, M. Zaman, S. Zaman, J. Zamikula, L. Zammit, M. Zammit-Mangion, M. Zawadzka, M. Zayed, E. Zebracki, D. Zehnder, L. Zeidan, D. Zeinali, J. Zhang, X. Zhao, D. Zheng, D. Zhu, M. Zia, O. Zibdeh, R. Zill-E-Huma, E.T. Zin, E. Zincone, G. Zindoga, E. Zinkin, V. Zinyemba, C. Zipitis, L. Zitter, A. Zmierczak, G. Zubikarai, A. Zubir, N. Zuhra, R. Zulaikha, S. Zulfikar, C. Zullo, and A. Zuriaga-Alvaro
Subjects: COVID-19, Corticosteroid, Dexamethasone, Mortality, Clinical trial, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Summary: Background: Low dose corticosteroids (e.g., 6 mg dexamethasone) have been shown to reduce mortality for hypoxic COVID-19 patients. We have previously reported that higher dose corticosteroids cause harm in patients with clinical hypoxia but not receiving ventilatory support (the combination of non-invasive mechanical ventilation, including high-flow nasal oxygen, continuous positive airway pressure and bilevel positive airway pressure ventilation, and invasive mechanical ventilation or extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation), but the balance of efficacy and safety in patients receiving ventilatory support is uncertain. Methods: This randomised, controlled, open-label platform trial (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy [RECOVERY]) assessed multiple possible treatments in patients hospitalised for COVID-19. Eligible and consenting adult patients receiving ventilatory support were randomly allocated (1:1) to either usual care with higher dose corticosteroids (dexamethasone 20 mg once daily for 5 days followed by 10 mg once daily for 5 days or until discharge if sooner) or usual standard of care alone (which includes dexamethasone 6 mg once daily for 10 days or until discharge if sooner). The primary outcome was 28-day mortality; secondary outcomes were duration of hospitalisation and (among participants not on invasive mechanical ventilation at baseline) the composite of invasive mechanical ventilation or death. Recruitment closed on 31 March 2024 when funding for the trial ended. The RECOVERY trial is registered with ISRCTN (50189673) and clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04381936). Findings: Between 25 May 2021 and 9 January 2024, 477 COVID-19 patients receiving ventilatory support were randomly allocated to receive usual care plus higher dose corticosteroids vs. usual care alone (of whom 99% received corticosteroids during the follow-up period). Of those randomised, 221 (46%) were in Asia, 245 (51%) in the UK and 11 (2%) in Africa. 143 (30%) had diabetes mellitus. Overall, 86 (35%) of 246 patients allocated to higher dose corticosteroids vs. 86 (37%) of 231 patients allocated to usual care died within 28 days (rate ratio [RR] 0.87; 95% CI 0.64–1.18; p = 0.37). There was no significant difference in the proportion of patients discharged from hospital alive within 28 days (128 [52%] in the higher dose corticosteroids group vs. 120 [52%] in the usual care group; RR 1.04, 0.81–1.33]; p = 0.78). Among those not on invasive mechanical ventilation at baseline, there was no clear reduction in the proportion meeting the composite endpoint of invasive mechanical ventilation or death (76 [37%] of 206 vs. 93 [45%] of 205; RR 0.79 [95% CI 0.63–1.00]; p = 0.05). Interpretation: In patients hospitalised for COVID-19 receiving ventilatory support, we found no evidence that higher dose corticosteroids reduced the risk of death compared to usual care, which included low dose corticosteroids. Funding: UK Research and Innovation (Medical Research Council) and National Institute for Health Research (Grant ref: MC_PC_19056), and Wellcome Trust (Grant Ref: 222406/Z/20/Z).
Published: 2025
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20. Novel mitochondrial-targeted alkyl chains act as fungal specific inhibitors of C. neoformans

Author: Elizabeth S. M. Edrich, Luke Young, John Spencer, Andrew McGown, Anthony L. Moore, and Campbell W. Gourlay
Subjects: cryptococcus, drug, mitochondria, alkyl, antifungal, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract: Cryptococcus neoformans is the causal agent of cryptococcal meningitis in immunocompromised patients and increasing instances of anti-fungal resistance have led to investigations into new alternative antifungal targets. For example, C. neoformans possesses an Alternative Oxidase enzyme (Aox) that has been implicated in stress resistance and virulence that may represent a viable antifungal target. Here we test the efficacy of mitochondrially-targeted Colletochlorin B, which has been shown to inhibit the Aox of Candida albicans in vitro. Two derivatives of Colletochlorin B, which we modified to improve delivery to mitochondria, were identified as putative fungal-specific inhibitors. ALTOX094 and ALTOX102 were able to inhibit Aox and cytochrome bc1in vitro and demonstrated strong inhibitory effects against C. neoformans growth and viability. Further analysis suggested that the antifungal properties of ALTOX094 and ALTOX102 were attributable to different modes of action and forms of cell death, governed largely by the alkyl chain length used to tether Colletochlorin B to the mitochondria targeting triphenylphosphine (TPP) moiety. Our findings add to the growing evidence that functionalized mitochondria targeted alkyl chains may developed further as an effective class of antifungal and are effective against C. neoformans.
Published: 2025
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21. Use of a wearable device to improve sleep quality

Author: Susan L. Moore, Evan P. Carey, Kristyna Finikiotis, Kelsey L. Ford, Richard D. Zane, and Katherine K. Green
Subjects: sleep, sleep onset latency, sleep quality, sleep hygiene, health promotion, digital health, Medicine, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270, Electronic computers. Computer science, QA75.5-76.95
Abstract: ObjectivesThe present study aimed to analyze the effects of the use of a digital wellness device on improving sleep through reducing environmental noise.MethodsFifty-five self-reported light or moderate sleepers with difficulty falling or staying asleep due to environmental noise participated in the study. Objective sleep architecture data were collected via a wireless electroencephalogram (EEG) sleep monitor and subjective data were obtained through analysis of daily sleep diaries and responses to study-specific user experience surveys. Four primary outcomes specified a priori were analyzed for statistical significance: objectively measured sleep onset latency (SOL), wake after sleep onset (WASO), number of awakenings, and perceived SOL. Exploratory analysis through descriptive statistics was conducted for an additional 36 secondary outcomes.ResultsUse of the digital wellness device was associated with reduced SOL both objectively and subjectively. Perceived SOL was 32.5% reduced (p
Published: 2025
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22. The Significance of Trust in Fostering Meaningful Learning

Author: Jessie L. Moore, Sophie Miller, Buffie Longmire-Avital, Eric Hall, Ellery Ewell, and Christina Wyatt
Subjects: trust, engaged learning, higher education, Education (General), L7-991
Abstract: Introduction to Special Section: Trust
Published: 2025
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23. The Trifecta of Industry, Academic, and Health System Partnership to Improve Mental Health Care Through Smartphone-Based Remote Patient Monitoring: Development and Usability Study

Author: C Neill Epperson, Rachel Davis, Allison Dempsey, Heinrich C Haller, David J Kupfer, Tiffany Love, Pamela M Villarreal, Mark Matthews, Susan L Moore, Kimberly Muller, Christopher D Schneck, Jessica L Scott, Richard D Zane, and Ellen Frank
Subjects: Medicine
Abstract: BackgroundMental health treatment is hindered by the limited number of mental health care providers and the infrequency of care. Digital mental health technology can help supplement treatment by remotely monitoring patient symptoms and predicting mental health crises in between clinical visits. However, the feasibility of digital mental health technologies has not yet been sufficiently explored. Rhythms, from the company Health Rhythms, is a smartphone platform that uses passively acquired smartphone data with artificial intelligence and predictive analytics to alert patients and providers to an emerging mental health crisis. ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to test the feasibility and acceptability of Rhythms among patients attending an academic psychiatric outpatient clinic. MethodsOur group embedded Rhythms into the electronic health record of a large health system. Patients with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, or other mood disorder were contacted online and enrolled for a 6-week trial of Rhythms. Participants provided data by completing electronic surveys as well as by active and passive use of Rhythms. Emergent and urgent alerts were monitored and managed according to passively collected data and patient self-ratings. A purposively sampled group of participants also participated in qualitative interviews about their experience with Rhythms at the end of the study. ResultsOf the 104 participants, 89 (85.6%) completed 6 weeks of monitoring. The majority of the participants were women (72/104, 69.2%), White (84/104, 80.8%), and non-Hispanic (100/104, 96.2%) and had a diagnosis of major depressive disorder (71/104, 68.3%). Two emergent alerts and 19 urgent alerts were received and managed according to protocol over 16 weeks. More than two-thirds (63/87, 72%) of those participating continued to use Rhythms after study completion. Comments from participants indicated appreciation for greater self-awareness and provider connection, while providers reported that Rhythms provided a more nuanced understanding of patient experience between clinical visits. ConclusionsRhythms is a user-friendly, electronic health record–adaptable, smartphone-based tool that provides patients and providers with a greater understanding of patient mental health status. Integration of Rhythms into health systems has the potential to facilitate mental health care and improve the experience of both patients and providers.
Published: 2025
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24. Developmental trends in young children’s device-measured physical activity and sedentary behaviour

Author: Hayley E. Christian, Emma K. Adams, Hannah L. Moore, Andrea Nathan, Kevin Murray, Jasper Schipperijn, and Stewart G. Trost
Subjects: Physical activity, Sedentary, Energetic play, Preschool, Children, Cohort, Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases, RC620-627, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Abstract Background Knowledge of developmental trends in meeting age-specific 24-hour movement behaviour guidelines is lacking. This study describes developmental trends in device-measured physical activity and sedentary time over a three-year period among Western Australian children aged two to seven years, including differences between boys and girls. The proportion of children meeting age-specific physical activity guidelines before and after they transition to full-time school was also examined. Methods Data from waves 1 and 2 of the Play Spaces and Environments for Children’s Physical Activity (PLAYCE) cohort study were used (analysis n = 1217). Physical activity and sedentary time were measured by accelerometry at ages two to five (preschool, wave 1) and ages five to seven (commenced full-time school, wave 2). Accelerometer data were processed using a validated machine-learning physical activity classification model. Daily time spent in sedentary behaviour, energetic play (moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA)), total physical activity, and meeting physical activity guidelines were analysed using linear and generalised linear mixed-effects models with age by sex interaction terms. Results All movement behaviours changed significantly with increasing age, and trends were similar in boys and girls. Total daily physical activity increased from age two to five then declined to age seven. Mean daily total physical activity exceeded 180 min/day from ages two to five. Daily energetic play increased significantly from age two to seven, however, was below 60 min/day at all ages except for seven-year-old boys. Daily sedentary time decreased to age five then increased to age seven but remained lower than at age two. All two-year-olds met their age-specific physical activity guideline, decreasing to 5% of girls and 6% of boys at age four. At age seven, 46% of boys and 35% of girls met their age-specific physical activity guideline. Conclusions Young children’s energetic play and total physical activity increased with age, but few children aged three to seven met the energetic play (MVPA) guideline. Interventions should focus on increasing children’s energetic play in early childhood. Clearer guidance and strategies are needed to support young children as they change developmentally and as they transition from one age-specific movement guideline to the next.
Published: 2024
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25. Deep-learning generated B-line score mirrors clinical progression of disease for patients with heart failure

Author: Cristiana Baloescu, Alvin Chen, Alexander Varasteh, Jane Hall, Grzegorz Toporek, Shubham Patil, Robert L. McNamara, Balasundar Raju, and Christopher L. Moore
Subjects: Point-of-care ultrasound, Lung ultrasound, B-lines, Heart failure, Artificial intelligence, Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine, R895-920
Abstract: Abstract Background Ultrasound can detect fluid in the alveolar and interstitial spaces of the lung using the presence of artifacts known as B-lines. The aim of this study was to determine whether a deep learning algorithm generated B-line severity score correlated with pulmonary congestion and disease severity based on clinical assessment (as identified by composite congestion score and Rothman index) and to evaluate changes in the score with treatment. Patients suspected of congestive heart failure underwent daily ultrasonography. Eight lung zones (right and left anterior/lateral and superior/inferior) were scanned using a tablet ultrasound system with a phased-array probe. Mixed effects modeling explored the association between average B-line score and the composite congestion score, and average B-line score and Rothman index, respectively. Covariates tested included patient and exam level data (sex, age, presence of selected comorbidities, baseline sodium and hemoglobin, creatinine, vital signs, oxygen delivery amount and delivery method, diuretic dose). Results Analysis included 110 unique subjects (3379 clips). B-line severity score was significantly associated with the composite congestion score, with a coefficient of 0.7 (95% CI 0.1–1.2 p = 0.02), but was not significantly associated with the Rothman index. Conclusions Use of this technology may allow clinicians with limited ultrasound experience to determine an objective measure of B-line burden.
Published: 2024
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26. Safety and pharmacokinetics of subcutaneous administration of broadly neutralizing anti-HIV-1 monoclonal antibodies (bNAbs), given to HIV-1 exposed, uninfected neonates and infants: study protocol for a phase I trial

Author: Ameena Goga, Trisha Ramraj, Logashvari Naidoo, Brodie Daniels, Masefetsane Matlou, Terusha Chetty, Reshmi Dassaye, Nobubelo K. Ngandu, Laura Galli, Tarylee Reddy, Ishen Seocharan, Qondeni Ndlangamandla, Qholokazi September, Nokwanda Ngcobo, Mayuri Reddy, Tamon Cafun-Naidoo, Kubashni Woeber, Nitesha Jeenarain, Rabia Imamdin, Keshnee Maharajh, Ashmintha Ramjeth, Thobile Bhengu, Emma Clarence, Philippe Van de Perre, Thorkild Tylleskär, Nicolas Nagot, Jean-Pierre Moles, Penny L. Moore, Nonhlanhla N. Mkhize, Lucio Gama, Stefania Dispinseri, Priscilla Biswas, Gabriella Scarlatti, and the PedMAb1 clinical trial team
Subjects: HIV, Broadly neutralizing antibody, Vertical transmission of HIV-1, Vertical transmission, Breastfeeding, Pre-exposure prophylaxis, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract: Abstract Background The ambitious goal to eliminate new pediatric HIV infections by 2030 requires accelerated prevention strategies in high-risk settings such as South Africa. One approach could be pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with broadly neutralizing anti-HIV-1 monoclonal antibodies (bNAbs). The aim of our study is to define the optimal dose(s), the ideal combination(s) of bNAbs in terms of potency and breadth, and timing of subcutaneous (SC) administration(s) to prevent breast milk transmission of HIV. Methods Two bNAbs, CAP256V2LS and VRC07-523LS, will be assessed in a sequential and randomized phase I, single-site, single-blind, dose-finding trial. We aim to investigate the 28-day safety and pharmacokinetics (PK) profile of incrementally higher doses of these bNAbs in breastfeeding HIV-1 exposed born without HIV neonates alongside standard of care antiretroviral (ARV) medication to prevent (infants) or treat (mothers) HIV infection. The trial design includes 3 steps and 7 arms (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 6b) with 8 infants in each arm. The first step will evaluate the safety and PK profile of the bNAbs when given alone as a single subcutaneous (SC) administration at increasing mg/kg body weight doses within 96 h of birth: arms 1, 2 and 3 at doses of 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg of CAP256V2LS, respectively; arms 4 and 5 at doses of 20 and 30 mg/kg of VRC07-523LS, respectively. Step two will evaluate the safety and PK profile of a combination of the two bNAbs administered SC at fixed doses within 96 h of birth. Step three will evaluate the safety and PK profile of the two bNAbs administered SC in combination at fixed doses, after 3 months. Arms 1 and 6 will follow sequential recruitment, whereas randomization will occur sequentially between arms (a) 2 & 4 and (b) 3 & 5. Before each randomization, a safety pause will allow review of safety data of the preceding arms. Discussion The results of this trial will guide further studies on bNAbs to prevent breast milk transmission of HIV. Protocol version Version 4.0 dated 15 March 2024. Trial registration Pan African Clinical Trial Registry (PACTR): PACTR202205715278722, 21 April 2022; South African National Clinical Trial Registry (SANCTR): DOH-27–062022-6058.
Published: 2024
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27. Assembly of respiratory syncytial virus matrix protein lattice and its coordination with fusion glycoprotein trimers

Author: Bryan S. Sibert, Joseph Y. Kim, Jie E. Yang, Zunlong Ke, Christopher C. Stobart, Martin L. Moore, and Elizabeth R. Wright
Subjects: Science
Abstract: Abstract Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an enveloped, filamentous, negative-strand RNA virus that causes significant respiratory illness worldwide. RSV vaccines are available, however there is still significant need for research to support the development of vaccines and therapeutics against RSV and related Mononegavirales viruses. Individual virions vary in size, with an average diameter of ~130 nm and ranging from ~500 nm to over 10 µm in length. Though the general arrangement of structural proteins in virions is known, we use cryo-electron tomography and sub-tomogram averaging to determine the molecular organization of RSV structural proteins. We show that the peripheral membrane-associated RSV matrix (M) protein is arranged in a packed helical-like lattice of M-dimers. We report that RSV F glycoprotein is frequently observed as pairs of trimers oriented in an anti-parallel conformation to support potential interactions between trimers. Our sub-tomogram averages indicate the positioning of F-trimer pairs is correlated with the underlying M lattice. These results provide insight into RSV virion organization and may aid in the development of RSV vaccines and anti-viral targets.
Published: 2024
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28. An Interdisciplinary Thematic Analysis of the US National Guard Bureau Response to the SolarWinds Attack.

Author: Tristen K. Amador, Roberta A. Mancuso, Steven Fulton, Erik L. Moore, and Daniel M. Likarish
Published: 2024
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29. Nullspace Adaptive Model-Based Trajectory-Tracking Control for a 6-DOF Underwater Vehicle with Unknown Plant and Actuator Parameters: Theory and Preliminary Simulation Evaluation.

Author: Annie M. Mao, Joseph L. Moore, and Louis L. Whitcomb
Published: 2024
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30. Multi-Shield Cyber Security Visualization - a tool to enhance cybersecurity design and analysis.

Author: Erik L. Moore, Steven Fulton, Vincent Garramone, and Daniel M. Likarish
Published: 2024

31. Controllability Matrix Analysis of Structured Networks: A Tight Lower Bound on the Dimension of Controllable Subspace.

Author: Nam Jin Park, Yoo-Bin Bae, Kevin L. Moore 0001, and Hyo-Sung Ahn
Published: 2024
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32. A perspective from the National Eye Institute Extracellular Vesicle Workshop: Gaps, needs, and opportunities for studies of extracellular vesicles in vision research

Author: Sun Young Lee, Mikael Klingeborn, Jeff W. M. Bulte, Daniel T. Chiu, Michael Chopp, Christopher W. Cutler, Saumya Das, Charles E. Egwuagu, Christie D. Fowler, Sarah F. Hamm‐Alvarez, Hakho Lee, Yutao Liu, Ben Mead, Tara L. Moore, Sriram Ravindran, Ashok K. Shetty, Johan Skog, Kenneth W. Witwer, Ali R. Djalilian, and Alissa M. Weaver
Subjects: Eye, EVs, exosomes, diagnosis, ocular, prognosis, Cytology, QH573-671
Abstract: Abstract With an evolving understanding and new discoveries in extracellular vesicle (EV) biology and their implications in health and disease, the significant diagnostic and therapeutic potential of EVs for vision research has gained recognition. In 2021, the National Eye Institute (NEI) unveiled its Strategic Plan titled ‘Vision for the Future (2021–2025),’ which listed EV research as a priority within the domain of Regenerative Medicine, a pivotal area outlined in the Plan. In alignment with this prioritization, NEI organized a workshop inviting twenty experts from within and beyond the visual system. The workshop aimed to review current knowledge in EV research and explore gaps, needs and opportunities for EV research in the eye, including EV biology and applications of EVs in diagnosis, therapy and prognosis within the visual system. This perspective encapsulates the workshop's deliberations, highlighting the current landscape and potential implications of EV research in advancing eye health and addressing visual diseases.
Published: 2024
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33. Construction and performance of a clinical prediction rule for ureteral stone without the use of race or ethnicity: A new STONE score

Author: Christopher L. Moore, Cary P. Gross, Louis Hart, Annette M. Molinaro, Deborah Rhodes, Dinesh Singh, and Cristiana Baloescu
Subjects: Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, RC86-88.9
Abstract: Abstract Objectives The original STONE score was designed to predict the presence of uncomplicated renal colic and the corresponding absence of alternate serious etiologies. It was retrospectively derived and prospectively validated and resulted in five variables: Sex (male gender), Timing (acute onset of pain), “Origin” (non‐Black race), Nausea/vomiting (present), and Erythrocytes (microscopic hematuria). With recent increased awareness of the potential adverse impacts of including race (a socially constructed identity) in clinical prediction rules, we sought to determine if a revised STONE score without race could be constructed with similar diagnostic accuracy. Methods We used data from the original STONE score that utilized retrospective data on patients with confirmed kidney stone by computed tomography (CT) to derive a clinical prediction rule as well as prospective data to validate the score. These data were used to construct a revised STONE score after removing race as a variable. We performed univariate and multivariable logistic regression and compared the old and new STONE scores (including multivariable, integral, and three‐level risk) using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and misclassification rates. Results After the elimination of race, multivariable logistic regression revealed that gross hematuria was the next strongest feasible variable for the prediction of ureteral stone. This was incorporated into a revised STONE score by substituting “obvious hematuria” for “origin” (formerly race). The revised STONE score had similar predictive accuracy to the original STONE score: AUC 0.85 versus 0.86 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.82–0.87 and 0.79–0.93); misclassification rates were also unchanged, 0.23 versus 0.23 (95% CI: 0.20–0.25 and 0.20–0.25). Conclusions We modified the STONE score to remove race and include “obvious hematuria” without losing clinical accuracy. Considering the potential adverse effects of propagating racial bias in clinical algorithms, we recommend using the revised STONE score. Future research could investigate the potential contributions of social drivers of health (SDOH) to the diagnosis of kidney stone.
Published: 2024
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34. Introduction to the Special Issue: Highlighting AERA’s Online Teaching and Learning SIG 2024

Author: Patrick R. Lowenthal, Robert L. Moore, and Mary F. Rice
Subjects: Theory and practice of education, LB5-3640
Abstract: N/A/
Published: 2024
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35. Pseudocin 196, a novel lantibiotic produced by Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum elicits antimicrobial activity against clinically relevant pathogens

Author: Rocio Sanchez-Gallardo, Paula M. O’Connor, Ian J. O’Neill, Brian McDonnell, Ciaran Lee, Rebecca L. Moore, Fionnuala M. McAuliffe, Paul D. Cotter, and Douwe van Sinderen
Subjects: Bifidobacteria, bacteriocin, antimicrobial peptide, gut microbiota, Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology, RC799-869
Abstract: Bacteriocins are broad or narrow-spectrum antimicrobial compounds that have received significant scientific attention due to their potential to treat infections caused by antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria. The genome of Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum MM0196, an antimicrobial-producing, fecal isolate from a healthy pregnant woman, was shown to contain a gene cluster predicted to encode Pseudocin 196, a novel lantibiotic, in addition to proteins involved in its processing, transport and immunity. Following antimicrobial assessment against various indicator strains, protease-sensitive Pseudocin 196 was purified to homogeneity from cell-free supernatant. MALDI TOF mass spectrometry confirmed that the purified antimicrobial compound corresponds to a molecular mass of 2679 Da, which is consistent with that deduced from its genetic origin. Pseudocin 196 is classified as a lantibiotic based on its similarity to lacticin 481, a lanthionine ring-containing lantibiotic produced by Lactococcus lactis. Pseudocin 196, the first reported bacteriocin produced by a B. pseudocatenulatum species of human origin, was shown to inhibit clinically relevant pathogens, such as Clostridium spp. and Streptococcus spp. thereby highlighting the potential application of this strain as a probiotic to treat and prevent bacterial infections.
Published: 2024
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36. The Manifesto for Teaching and Learning in a Time of Generative AI: A Critical Collective Stance to Better Navigate the Future

Author: Aras Bozkurt, Junhong Xiao, Robert Farrow, John Y. H. Bai, Chrissi Nerantzi, Stephanie Moore, Jon Dron, Christian M. Stracke, Lenandlar Singh, Helen Crompton, Apostolos Koutropoulos, Evgenii Terentev, Angelica Pazurek, Mark Nichols, Alexander M. Sidorkin, Eamon Costello, Steven Watson, Dónal Mulligan, Sarah Honeychurch, Charles B. Hodges, Mike Sharples, Andrew Swindell, Isak Frumin, Ahmed Tlili, Patricia J. Slagter van Tryon, Melissa Bond, Maha Bali, Jing Leng, Kai Zhang, Mutlu Cukurova, Thomas K. F. Chiu, Kyungmee Lee, Stefan Hrastinski, Manuel B. Garcia, Ramesh Chander Sharma, Bryan Alexander, Olaf Zawacki-Richter, Henk Huijser, Petar Jandrić, Chanjin Zheng, Peter Shea, Josep M. Duart, Chryssa Themeli, Anton Vorochkov, Sunagül Sani-Bozkurt, Robert L. Moore, and Tutaleni Iita Asino
Subjects: Generative artificial intelligence, GenAI, large language models, LLMs, AI in education, AIEd, Special aspects of education, LC8-6691
Abstract: This manifesto critically examines the unfolding integration of Generative AI (GenAI), chatbots, and algorithms into higher education, using a collective and thoughtful approach to navigate the future of teaching and learning. GenAI, while celebrated for its potential to personalize learning, enhance efficiency, and expand educational accessibility, is far from a neutral tool. Algorithms now shape human interaction, communication, and content creation, raising profound questions about human agency and biases and values embedded in their designs. As GenAI continues to evolve, we face critical challenges in maintaining human oversight, safeguarding equity, and facilitating meaningful, authentic learning experiences. This manifesto emphasizes that GenAI is not ideologically and culturally neutral. Instead, it reflects worldviews that can reinforce existing biases and marginalize diverse voices. Furthermore, as the use of GenAI reshapes education, it risks eroding essential human elements—creativity, critical thinking, and empathy—and could displace meaningful human interactions with algorithmic solutions. This manifesto calls for robust, evidence-based research and conscious decision-making to ensure that GenAI enhances, rather than diminishes, human agency and ethical responsibility in education.
Published: 2024
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37. Growth and Survival Outcomes for Immature Gopher Tortoises in Contrasting Habitats: A Test of Drone‐Based Habitat Assessment

Author: Leyna R. Stemle, Julie M. Sorfleet, Chelsea L. Moore, Jack T. Christie, Christopher A. Searcy, and Betsie B. Rothermel
Subjects: chelonian, forage quality, habitat management, juvenile survival, restoration, unmanned aerial system, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract: ABSTRACT Juvenile growth rate is a critical demographic parameter, as it shortens the time to maturity and often dictates how long individuals remain vulnerable to predation. However, developing a mechanistic understanding of the factors determining growth rates can be difficult for wild populations. The gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) is an ecosystem engineer threatened by habitat loss and deficient management of pinelands in the southeastern United States. We investigated the factors governing immature gopher tortoise growth and explored the use of drone‐based imagery for habitat assessment by comparing predictive models based on ground‐based plant surveys versus drone‐derived data. From 2021 to 2022, we tracked and measured immature tortoises in native sandhill and human‐modified, ruderal habitat in south‐central Florida. Using quarterly, high‐resolution drone imagery, we quantified plant cover types and vegetation indices at each occupied burrow and measured the frequency of occurrence of forage species by hand. Annual growth rates of immature tortoises in ruderal habitat were higher than those in sandhill and were the highest published for this species. Models based on drone‐derived data were able to explain similar proportions of variation in growth as ground‐collected measures of forage, especially during the late dry season when both types of models were most predictive. Habitat differences in forage nitrogen content were also more pronounced during this season, when dominant ground cover in ruderal habitat (bahiagrass) had much higher nitrogen content than dominant ground cover in sandhill (wiregrass). Despite concerns about potential growth‐survival trade‐offs, tortoises in ruderal habitat did not exhibit lower apparent survival. Our findings indicate that habitat dominated by nutritious non‐native grass can provide a valuable supplement to native sandhill through the mechanism of increased growth rates due to higher forage quality. Finally, our study demonstrates that drone technology may facilitate management by providing less labor‐intensive ways to assess habitat quality for this and other imperiled herbivores.
Published: 2024
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38. Automated home cage monitoring of an aging colony of mice—Implications for welfare monitoring and experimentation

Author: Joanna L. Moore, James Kennedy, and Abdul-Azim Hassan
Subjects: animal welfare, aging, home cage monitoring, rodent behavior, cage changing, circadian rhythm, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract: IntroductionOur understanding of laboratory animal behavior and the implications of husbandry activities on their wellbeing remains incomplete. This is especially relevant with an aging colony as their activity patterns may change as they mature. Home Cage Monitoring (HCM) provides valuable insights into mouse activity within the animal's own environment and can shed light on acclimatization periods and responses to husbandry activities such as cage changing. The aim of this study was to monitor and explore changes in the activity and rest disturbance (RDI) patterns of an aging colony of male and female C57/BL6 mice.MethodsThe mice were housed in the Digitally Ventilated Cage® system, for up to 18 months of age. Data was then downloaded to investigate how the activity patterns and RDI of the mice changed over time. Habituation, aging and cage change assessments were conducted using linear mixed models, while cage separation and stereotypic behavior investigations were conducted by visual inspection of the data.ResultsAs expected during the study, mice were less active during the light phase compared to the dark phase. However, on arrival mice displayed heightened activity and RDI during the light phase and reduced activity and RDI during the dark phase, taking several days to adjust to baseline “acclimatized” patterns. With age, overall activity significantly decreased from 5 months until 14 months of age, after which it increased back toward baseline levels. We also observed activity spikes during our monitoring of this colony. Prolonged housing can lead to alarming stereotypic behaviors in animals. Cages of mice flagged for potential stereotypy displayed sustained activity spikes in the light and dark phases. Spikes in activity during the dark phase were much more pronounced than in the light phase. Cage changing led to an increase in the light phase activity and RDI compared to the previous day, with no observed difference in the dark phase post-cage change. This effect remained consistent as the animals aged.DiscussionThis study explores changes in the activity patterns of an aging colony of male and female C57/BL6 mice housed in the Digitally Ventilated Cage® system. We identified distinct aging phases concerning activity and RDI differences and a potential new welfare application for the DVC®, specifically for early detection of stereotypy. In conclusion, the adoption of HCM systems should be considered for long-term animal housing from both a welfare and behavioral perspective.
Published: 2024
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39. Evaluating the antibody response elicited by diverse HIV envelope immunogens in the African green monkey (Vervet) model

Author: Thandeka Moyo-Gwete, Frances Ayres, Nonkululeko B. Mzindle, Zanele Makhado, Nelia P. Manamela, Simone I. Richardson, Dale Kitchin, Strauss van Graan, Joritha van Heerden, Nishal Parbhoo, Gerald K. Chege, and Penny L. Moore
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Abstract African Green (Vervet) monkeys have been extensively studied to understand the pathogenesis of infectious diseases. Using vervet monkeys as pre-clinical models may be an attractive option for low-resourced areas as they are found abundantly and their maintenance is more cost-effective than bigger primates such as rhesus macaques. We assessed the feasibility of using vervet monkeys as animal models to examine the immunogenicity of HIV envelope trimer immunogens in pre-clinical testing. Three groups of vervet monkeys were subcutaneously immunized with either the BG505 SOSIP.664 trimer, a novel subtype C SOSIP.664 trimer, CAP255, or a combination of BG505, CAP255 and CAP256.SU SOSIP.664 trimers. All groups of vervet monkeys developed robust binding antibodies by the second immunization with the peak antibody response occurring after the third immunization. Similar to binding, antibody dependent cellular phagocytosis was also observed in all the monkeys. While all animals developed potent, heterologous Tier 1 neutralizing antibody responses, autologous neutralization was limited with only half of the animals in each group developing responses to their vaccine-matched pseudovirus. These data suggest that the vervet monkey model may yield distinct antibody responses compared to other models. Further study is required to further determine the utility of this model in HIV immunization studies.
Published: 2024
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40. Highly 28Si enriched silicon by localised focused ion beam implantation

Author: Ravi Acharya, Maddison Coke, Mason Adshead, Kexue Li, Barat Achinuq, Rongsheng Cai, A. Baset Gholizadeh, Janet Jacobs, Jessica L. Boland, Sarah J. Haigh, Katie L. Moore, David N. Jamieson, and Richard J. Curry
Subjects: Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials, TA401-492
Abstract: Abstract Solid-state spin qubits within silicon crystals at mK temperatures show great promise in the realisation of a fully scalable quantum computation platform. Qubit coherence times are limited in natural silicon owing to coupling to the 29Si isotope which has a non-zero nuclear spin. This work presents a method for the depletion of 29Si in localised volumes of natural silicon wafers by irradiation using a 45 keV 28Si focused ion beam with fluences above 1 × 1019 ions cm−2. Nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis of the irradiated volumes shows residual 29Si concentration down to 2.3 ± 0.7 ppm and with residual C and O comparable to the background concentration in the unimplanted wafer. After annealing, transmission electron microscopy lattice images confirm the solid phase epitaxial re-crystallization of the as-implanted amorphous enriched volume extending over 200 nm in depth.
Published: 2024
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41. Knowledge Translation Task Force for core measures clinical practice guideline: a short report on the process and utilization

Author: Marghuretta D. Bland, Jennifer L. Moore, Elizabeth Anderl, Megan Eikenberry, Arlene McCarthy, Geneviève N. Olivier, Tracy Rice, Amelia Siles, Hallie Zeleznik, and Wendy Romney
Subjects: Physical therapy, Implementation, Clinical practice guideline, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Abstract Background As part of the 2018 Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG): A Core Set of Outcome Measures for Adults with Neurologic Conditions Undergoing Rehabilitation, a Knowledge Translation (KT) Task Force was convened. The purpose of this short report was to (1) demonstrate the potential impact of a CPG KT Task Force through a practical example of efforts to implement a CPG into neurologic physical therapy practice and (2) describe the process to convene a KT Task Force and develop products (KT Toolkit) to facilitate implementation of the CPG. Methods To describe the process used by the KT Task Force to develop and review a KT Toolkit for implementation of the CPG. Results Utilizing the Knowledge-To-Action Cycle framework, eight tools were developed as part of the KT Toolkit and are available with open access to the public. Findings indicate that the Core Outcome Measures Homepage, which houses the KT Toolkit, has had greater than 70,000 views since its publication. Conclusions This short report serves as an example of the efforts made to implement a CPG into physical therapy practice. The processes to facilitate KT and the tools developed can inform future implementation efforts and underscore the importance of having a KT Task Force to implement a CPG. Moving forward, KT Task Forces should be convened to implement new or revised guidelines. Trial registration N/A.
Published: 2024
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42. Heterologous Immunization with Improved HIV-1 Subtype C Vaccines Elicit Autologous Tier 2 Neutralizing Antibodies with Rapid Viral Replication Control After SHIV Challenge

Author: Gerald K. Chege, Rosamund E. Chapman, Alana T. Keyser, Craig H. Adams, Kealan Benn, Michiel T. van Diepen, Nicola Douglass, Bronwen Lambson, Tandile Hermanus, Penny L. Moore, and Anna-Lise Williamson
Subjects: immunogenicity, DNA vaccine, MVA vaccine, gp140 Env, SHIV, neutralization, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract: We previously reported on HIV vaccines that elicited autologous Tier 2 neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) in rabbits. In the current study, we sought to establish a proof of concept that HIV vaccines using identical designs elicit Tier 2 nAbs in arhesus macaque (RM) model. DNA and MVA vaccines expressing SIV Gag and HIV-1 Env antigens were constructed, and in vitro expression was confirmed. A soluble envelope protein (gp140 Env) was expressed from a stable HEK293 cell line and purified using lectin affinity and size exclusion chromatography. The expression and secretion of SIV Gag and HIV-1 Env by the DNA and MVA vaccines was verified in vitro. Five RMs were inoculated with two DNA, followed by two MVA, and finally with two gp140 Env vaccines at weeks 0, 4, 8, 12, 20 and 28. Vaccine-induced T cell immunity was measured by IFN-γ ELISpot while nAbs were evaluated against MW965 (Tier 1A), 6644 (Tier 1B), autologous ZM109.5A and a closely-related ZM109.B4 (Tier 2) pseudovirions. Vaccinated RMs were challenged intrarectally with simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV), four weeks after the final vaccination, as was an unvaccinated control group (n = 4). Following vaccination, all the animals developed moderate IFN-γ ELISpot responses after the DNA vaccinations which were boosted by the MVA vaccine. After the gp140 Env boost, all animals developed nAbs with peak median titres at 762 (MW965) and 263 (ZM109.5A). The vaccinated animals became infected after a similar number of challenges to the unvaccinated controls, and the resultant number of viral copies in the blood and the lymphoid tissues were similar. However, the duration of detectable viraemia in the vaccinated animals (median: 2 weeks) was shorter than the controls (median: 8.5 weeks). These data show that the vaccines elicited robust cellular and functional humoral immune responses that resulted in a quicker control of viraemia.
Published: 2025
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43. Solar Active Region Coronal Jets: Hidden-onset Jets

Author: Alphonse C. Sterling, Ronald L. Moore, and Navdeep K. Panesar
Subjects: Solar Physics
Published: 2024

44. Strong Structural Controllability and Observability of Individual Nodes: A Graph-Theoretical Approach.

Author: Nam Jin Park, Yeong-Ung Kim, Hyo-Sung Ahn, and Kevin L. Moore 0001
Published: 2024
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45. Introduction to special section: learning analytics as part of the higher education ecosystem.

Author: Robert L. Moore
Published: 2024
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46. Isolation and characterization of IgG3 glycan-targeting antibodies with exceptional cross-reactivity for diverse viral families.

Author: Matthew J Vukovich, Andrea R Shiakolas, Jared Lindenberger, Robert A Richardson, Lindsay E Bass, Maggie Barr, Yanshun Liu, Eden P Go, Chan Soo Park, Aaron J May, Salam Sammour, Chipo Kambarami, Xiao Huang, Katarzyna Janowska, Robert J Edwards, Katayoun Mansouri, Taylor N Spence, Alexandra A Abu-Shmais, Nelia P Manamela, Simone I Richardson, Sabina E W Leonard, Kathryn R Gripenstraw, Ian Setliff, Kevin O Saunders, Rachel H Bonami, Ted M Ross, Heather Desaire, Penny L Moore, Robert Parks, Barton F Haynes, Daniel J Sheward, Priyamvada Acharya, Giuseppe A Sautto, and Ivelin S Georgiev
Subjects: Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: Broadly reactive antibodies that target sequence-diverse antigens are of interest for vaccine design and monoclonal antibody therapeutic development because they can protect against multiple strains of a virus and provide a barrier to evolution of escape mutants. Using LIBRA-seq (linking B cell receptor to antigen specificity through sequencing) data for the B cell repertoire of an individual chronically infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), we identified a lineage of IgG3 antibodies predicted to bind to HIV-1 Envelope (Env) and influenza A Hemagglutinin (HA). Two lineage members, antibodies 2526 and 546, were confirmed to bind to a large panel of diverse antigens, including several strains of HIV-1 Env, influenza HA, coronavirus (CoV) spike, hepatitis C virus (HCV) E protein, Nipah virus (NiV) F protein, and Langya virus (LayV) F protein. We found that both antibodies bind to complex glycans on the antigenic surfaces. Antibody 2526 targets the stem region of influenza HA and the N-terminal domain (NTD) region of SARS-CoV-2 spike. A crystal structure of 2526 Fab bound to mannose revealed the presence of a glycan-binding pocket on the light chain. Antibody 2526 cross-reacted with antigens from multiple pathogens and displayed no signs of autoreactivity. These features distinguish antibody 2526 from previously described glycan-reactive antibodies. Further study of this antibody class may aid in the selection and engineering of broadly reactive antibody therapeutics and can inform the development of effective vaccines with exceptional breadth of pathogen coverage.
Published: 2024
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47. Strategic insights from a Delphi study: enhancing employment for multiply marginalized people with disabilities

Author: Kelsey S. Goddard, Noelle K. Kurth, Jean P. Hall, Lyndsie M. Koon, Corey L. Moore, and Kacie R. Dentleegrand
Subjects: multiply marginalized populations, disability, employment, Delphi study, DEI (or diversity equity and inclusion), Other systems of medicine, RZ201-999, Medical technology, R855-855.5
Abstract: IntroductionThe employment landscape for multiply marginalized people with disabilities presents significant challenges, exacerbated by intersecting identities such as race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, gender identity, poverty, and geography. Recent studies highlight the compounded employment disparities faced by this group, including discriminatory hiring practices, inadequate accommodations, and uneven gains in employment during the COVID-19 public health emergency.MethodsOur study employed a three-round Delphi process with 20 diverse experts across 14 states across the United States (U.S.) to formulate recommendations for improving employment experiences for multiply marginalized people with disabilities. The panel's insights were gathered through surveys administered online, with each round designed to refine the collective recommendations. This iterative process aimed to build a consensus on the most effective policy and practice recommendations for improving employment outcomes within this population.ResultsThe Delphi study identified key areas for strategic focus, including emergency preparedness, education and training, transportation, assistive technology, workplace accommodations, and combating discrimination and stigma. Notable recommendations included improving emergency preparedness training, enhancing employment education, increasing funding for accessible transportation and assistive technology, and promoting inclusive hiring practices. The study also emphasized the need for policies supporting telework and simplifying disability-related benefits.DiscussionThe findings highlight the critical role of tailored strategies to address employment challenges faced by people with disabilities from marginalized communities. Meaningfully and fully implementing these recommendations would create a more inclusive environment that improves employment outcomes for multiply marginalized people with disabilities.
Published: 2024
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48. Dysregulated C1q and CD47 in the aging monkey brain: association with myelin damage, microglia reactivity, and cognitive decline

Author: Sarah A. DeVries, Christina Dimovasili, Maria Medalla, Tara L. Moore, and Douglas L. Rosene
Subjects: innate immune system, complement system, neurodegeneration, white matter, microglia, C1q, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract: Normal aging, though lacking widespread neurodegeneration, is nevertheless characterized by cognitive impairment in learning, memory, and executive function. The aged brain is spared from neuron loss, but white matter is lost and damage to myelin sheaths accumulates. This myelin damage is strongly associated with cognitive impairment. Although the cause of the myelin damage is not known, microglia dysregulation is a likely contributor. Immunologic proteins interact with microglial receptors to modulate microglia-mediated phagocytosis, which mediates myelin damage clearance and turn-over. Two such proteins, “eat me” signal C1q and “don’t eat me” signal CD47, act in opposition with microglia. Both C1q and CD47 have been implicated in Multiple Sclerosis, a demyelinating disease, but whether they play a role in age-related myelin pathology is currently unknown. The present study investigates C1q and CD47 in relation to age-related myelin degeneration using multilabel immunofluorescence, RNAscope, and confocal microscopy in the cingulum bundle of male and female rhesus monkeys across the lifespan. Our findings showed significant age-related elevation in C1q localized to myelin basic protein, and this increase is associated with more severe cognitive impairment. In contrast, CD47 localization to myelin decreased in middle age and oligodendrocyte expression of CD47 RNA decreased with age. Lastly, microglia reactivity increased with age in association with the changes in C1q and CD47. Together, these results suggest disruption in the balance of “eat me” and “don’t eat me” signals during normal aging, biasing microglia toward increased reactivity and phagocytosis of myelin, resulting in cognitive deficits.
Published: 2024
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49. Hypoxia-induced epigenetic regulation of breast cancer progression and the tumour microenvironment

Author: Alina L. Capatina, Jodie R. Malcolm, Jack Stenning, Rachael L. Moore, Katherine S. Bridge, William J. Brackenbury, and Andrew N. Holding
Subjects: breast cancer, hypoxia, microenvironment, oestrogen receptor, triple negative breast cancer, epigenetics, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: The events that control breast cancer progression and metastasis are complex and intertwined. Hypoxia plays a key role both in oncogenic transformation and in fueling the metastatic potential of breast cancer cells. Here we review the impact of hypoxia on epigenetic regulation of breast cancer, by interfering with multiple aspects of the tumour microenvironment. The co-dependent relationship between oxygen depletion and metabolic shift to aerobic glycolysis impacts on a range of enzymes and metabolites available in the cell, promoting posttranslational modifications of histones and chromatin, and changing the gene expression landscape to facilitate tumour development. Hormone signalling, particularly through ERα, is also tightly regulated by hypoxic exposure, with HIF-1α expression being a prognostic marker for therapeutic resistance in ER+ breast cancers. This highlights the strong need to understand the hypoxia-endocrine signalling axis and exploit it as a therapeutic target. Furthermore, hypoxia has been shown to enhance metastasis in TNBC cells, as well as promoting resistance to taxanes, radiotherapy and even immunotherapy through microRNA regulation and changes in histone packaging. Finally, several other mediators of the hypoxic response are discussed. We highlight a link between ionic dysregulation and hypoxia signalling, indicating a potential connection between HIF-1α and tumoural Na+ accumulation which would be worth further exploration; we present the role of Ca2+ in mediating hypoxic adaptation via chromatin remodelling, transcription factor recruitment and changes in signalling pathways; and we briefly summarise some of the findings regarding vesicle secretion and paracrine induced epigenetic reprogramming upon hypoxic exposure in breast cancer. By summarising these observations, this article highlights the heterogeneity of breast cancers, presenting a series of pathways with potential for therapeutic applications.
Published: 2024
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50. The role of syndromic knowledge in Ethiopian veterinarians’ treatment of cattle

Author: Ndungu S. Nyokabi, James L. N. Wood, Gizachew Gemechu, Stefan Berg, Adane Mihret, Johanna F. Lindahl, and Henrietta L. Moore
Subjects: animal health services, cattle diseases, disease surveillance, zoonoses, biosecurity practices, one health, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100
Abstract: Veterinarians play a significant role in the treatment and prevention of livestock diseases at the farm level, safeguarding public health and ensuring food safety. In sub-Saharan Africa, access to quality veterinary services is a major challenge for livestock farmers due to the low number of publicly employed veterinarians, underfunding and privatisation of veterinary services. Low investment in veterinary services and infrastructure, including a lack of laboratories for diagnosis, has made veterinarians rely on their experience and knowledge of cattle disease symptoms developed over years of practice to diagnose and treat cattle diseases. A cross-sectional survey using a role-play approach was used to collect data on knowledge regarding cattle diseases among veterinarians in veterinary clinics and private practices in Addis Ababa, Oromia and Adama regions in Ethiopia. Veterinarians were given a number of disease scenarios based on “fictive disease symptoms” that are commonly manifested in a sick cow and asked to identify the disease what personal biosecurity they would use, diagnostic tests they would perform, treatments they would prescribe, treatment costs, and additional services and inputs they would recommend to the farmer. The results show that veterinarians could identify endemic cattle diseases through symptoms. The majority of veterinarians did not find it important to report notifiable diseases, a behaviour which could hamper disease surveillance and outbreak response. The advice and services the veterinarians said they would offer and recommend to farmers included improvement in feeding, vaccination, use of artificial insemination, and adoption of farm biosecurity measures that can reduce disease prevalence, and improve food safety, animal health and welfare. Low use of personal protective equipment and other protective biosecurity measures among veterinarians could expose them to zoonotic diseases. The study concludes that there is a need for increased funding for continuous training, improved access to animal health-related information, and investment in infrastructure such as laboratories to enable veterinarians to deliver quality animal health services.
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

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