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Results of the 2022 salmon fishing season in the North Pacific are presented, including the data on landing of pacific salmon in the Far East of Russia, on the Pacific and Arctic coasts of North America and in Japan.

Data on juvenile pink salmon from the continental coast of the Okhotsk Sea obtained in 1960s–2010s are summarized. The timing and dynamics of their downstream migration are considered in terms of biological parameters and nutrition. Brief information on their early marine life is presented. The mass seaward migration of pink salmon begins when the river water is warmed to 2.5–4.0 оC. The juveniles migrate from rivers to the coastal marine waters diurnally. During the seaward migration, their body length and weight do not change significantly, as a rule, but a portion of fish with external feeding increases. Year-toyearly, in the rivers the portion of juveniles switched to external feeding is higher in the years with mild spring flood.

The purpose of the research is to form scientific basis of effective management of salmon fisheries in the Russian Far East.Applied methods: research work was carried out in accordance with standard methods used in fisheries research.Scientific novelty: data on qualitative and quantitative composition of juvenile Pacific salmon migrating from the Savushkina River for rearing in marine waters in May-July 2022. Based on qualitative heterogeneity of juveniles, presence of eco-temporal groups within chum salmon and coho salmon was supposed.Result: data on timing and dynamics of seaward migration of Pacific salmon juveniles, as well as their qualitative and quantitative patterns.Practical relevance: Results of the research would be used in forecasting of commercial catch of Pacific salmon in the Northern Kurils.

Chum salmon is a widely spread species on the continental coast of the Okhotsk Sea presented exclusively by typical anadromous phenotype. Abundance of the runs is well correlated with length of the spawning rivers, whereas dynamics of the runs is determined by variations of climate conditions and press of commercial fishery. Detailed data on geographic and temporal structure of the species are presented, as the summarized data on timing and dynamics of the spawning migration and information on geographic and interannual variability of biological parameters of the spawners.

Summary the latest and the most complete data about the distribution of sockeye salmon in the rivers of the continental coast of the Sea of Okhotsk, its intraspecific structure and age composition are presented in the article, data on scale structure and growth rate are quoted for the first time.

The purpose of these studies is to obtaining up-to-date information on the dynamics of spawning migration and the quality indicators of Pacific salmon on the Paramushir and Shumshu Islands (Northern Kuril Islands). Methods used: the work was carried out in accordance with the methods generally accepted in fisheries research. Scientific originality: for the first time in the last decade, data were collected on the dynamics of anadromous migration and on the biological parameters of the Pacific salmon of the Northern Kuriles. Result: up-to-date information on the timing of spawning migration and quality indicators of pacific salmon of the Northern Kuril Islands in 2021 is presented. Information about the temporal structure of the spawning stream has been obtained. Practical significance: the results will be used in the preparation of materials substantiating the forecasted volumes of pacific salmon catches in subsequent years, as well as in regulating the fishing of pacific salmon in the Northern Kuril Islands.

The paper presents a procedure for determining the design parameters of multilayer thick-walled structures with a local load on the inner surface portion located near the end face. The design provides for the use of two layers, of which the outer layer can have a smaller height. The procedure involves obtaining numerical results of calculating the stress state of the inner cylinder, their approximation, the use of the Lame–Gadolin solution for shroud design. In the computational scheme for the first cylinder, the internal and external load intensities were taken to be constant. The result of the research is analytical relations relating the inner-to-outer radius ratios of the cylinder and shroud height to their strength characteristics. The use of these relations makes it possible to optimize the design. Numerical results obtained in the approximation and optimization of the design are presented.

In recent years the autologous stem cells of front cornea epithelium (CSC) are increasingly used in the treatment of degenerative diseases of this transparent part of the outer shell of the eye. Limb is considered as a specialized storage for these cells in eye. A number of techniques for isolation of stem cells from limb epithelium and their cultivation in vitro were developed. Goal of the work: To analyze the possibilities of two methods of cultivation of epithelial stem cells front epithelium of cornea (CSC), explants and suspension ones by criteria of efficiency of proliferation, time consumption and constancy of morphology and function parameters of cell cultures. To study of biocompatibility of CSC with commercial gel preparations for its application as an ingredient of biocomposite to use in clinical practice. The primary multilayer CSC cultures were obtained by two methods (explant and suspension) from biopsies of intact parts of cornea limb of 10 patients at the age from 39 to 73 years suffering different types of ceratopathies. Under comparative analysis of CSC cultures their viability, proliferation potential and immunophenotype were investigated. It was shown that explant method is more effective as compared with suspension one as it allows to gain the significant amount of cells with epithelium like morphology. The cell population was presented primarily by epithelium CSC: 95% of cells synthesized K19+ protein. CSC proliferation index of cells isolated by explant method was by 3.5-4 times higher, the time of doubling of population at cultivation in DMEM/F12 medium with 10 ng/ml of EGF was 48 h. Using explant method from one limb biopsy (1 х2 mm) a biomass of CSC in amount of 4 ± 1,2 mln during 3-4 weeks (1-2 passages) was obtained. It was show under investigation for biocompatibility of cells with a number of commercial gel preparations that preparation Provisk is the best on this indicator and this allows to recommend it as a carrier for cells when biomedical cell product are produced.

Data on life strategies of Pacific salmon of the genus Oncorhynchus are reviewed, and possible mechanisms of their realization in the ontogeny are discussed. Reproductive success and maintenance of intraspecific diversity are provided due to synchronization of maturity dates in the individuals with different life strategies. The following hypothesis is proposed. A complex of factors determining the ontogenetic vector of the individuals is not restricted by temperature, food availability, or accessibility of rearing areas. The key factors for realization of a certain life strategy are the presence of essential carotenoid pigment astaxanthin in rearing areas and physiological ability of the fish for its assimilation and accumulation. Relations between the life strategies in different species and populations of Pacific salmon and sex composition of individuals with different life strategies are mainly determined by astaxanthin availability.

This article presents data on the levels of Zn, Mn, Cu, Fe, Pb and Cd in the organs and tissues of the Pacific Redfin. For each metal, rows of its distribution within the organs of Pacific Redfin were built. An attempt was made to determine the nature of the accumulation of metals in the organs and tissues of fish, driven by the ecology and biology of the species.

N-Arylsulfonyl, N-aroyl, and N-[arylsulfonylimino(phenyl)methyl] derivatives of 1,4-benzoquinone imine reacted with sodium arenesulfinates to give 1,4-, 1,6-, and 6,1-addition products which were formed according to two concurrent paths: direct nucleophilic addition of arenesulfinate anion to neutral quinone imine molecule and radical ion addition of arenesulfinate radical to radical anion derived from quinone imine.

N-Arylcarbamoyl-1,4-benzoquinone imines reacted with sodium azide in completely regioselective fashion according to the 1,4-addition pattern with formation of 1-(3-azido-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-arylureas. The reaction of N-arylcarbamoyl-2,6-dichloro-3,5-dimethyl-1,4-benzoquinone imines with sodium azide afforded N-arylcarbamoyl-2,6-diazido-3,5-dimethyl-1,4-benzoquinone imines as a result of nucleophilic substitution of the chlorine atoms.

Excitation of the TE11 mode in a triode with a virtual cathode is theoretically and experimentally studied. Structures of fields, resonance frequencies, excitation of electromagnetic waves, and energy transmission are considered. It is shown that, in planar-coaxial triodes with a virtual cathode, the TE11 single-mode generation is possible.

A program is considered the purpose of which is to calculate functions of a complex variable and display them in tables and diagrams, calculate three-phase circuits with vector diagrams, and solve sets of second-to sixth-degree equations with complex variables.

Results from the 1993–2004 genetic monitoring of pink salmon populations reproducing in the rivers of Tauy Bay on the Sea of Okhotsk are analyzed. A statistically significant heterogeneity of samples as determined by gene frequencies is found only in the pink salmon generations of even years. The genetic differentiation of samples from even years (GST = 1.39 ± 0.41) is higher than that of odd years (GST = 0.740.09). The pattern for the indicator of genetic variability (heterozygosity) is exactly the opposite (0.076 ± 0.02564 vs. 0.8760 ± 0.01950). Consequently, the lower-heterozygosity samples of lines from even years are on average more genetically distinct than the analogous indicator for odd years. In addition, the interpopulation ratio in the general value of genetic diversity is almost always smaller than both the intraannual and interannual ratios, leading to a low level of interpopulation genetic differences. Cluster analysis reveals that most 2001–2004 samples are grouped separately from samples collected prior to 2000. In our opinion, the reason for this could be the turnover of a numerically dominant generation of northern Sea of Okhtosk pink salmon and the change in gene frequencies accompanying it.

Reactions of N-aroyl-, N-arylsulfonyl-, and N-(N-arylsulfonylbenzimidoyl)-2,5-dialkyl-1,4-benzoquinone imines with sodium arenesulfinates in acetic acid gave the corresponding 1,4-, 6,1-, and 1,6-addition products. Variation of the size and donor power of substituents in positions 2 and 5 of the quinoid ring almost does not affect the ratio of the addition products, which is determined mainly by the nature of substituent on the nitrogen atom.

The study of chlorination of N-(N-arylsulfonylarylimidoyl)-1,4-benzoquinone imines and of N-(N-arylsulfonylarylimidoyl)-1,4-aminophenols revealed that the dominant stage in the process was the formation of cyclohexene structures, 4-(N-arylsulfonylarylimidoyl)imino-2,5,6-trichloro-2-cyclohexene-1- ones, resulting from addition of a Cl2 molecule across the C = C bond of the quinoid ring. These substances suffer a prototropic rearrangements yielding N-(N-arylsulfonylarylimidoyl)-2,3,6-trichloro-4-aminophenols. The latter are the most common reaction products. The products of deeper chlorination were also obtained.

The chlorination of N-acyl derivatives of p-aminophenols can provide either N-acyl-2,3,6-trichloro-4-aminophenols or N-acyl-2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone imines depending on solvent nature, process temperature, and molar ratio initial compound-chlorine. The chlorination of N-acyl-4-amino-1-naphthols affords only N-acyl-2,3-dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone imines. N,N'-Diacyl-1,4-phenylenediamines give rise on chlorination to a mixture of 2,5-dichloro-, 2,6-dichloro-, and 2,3-dichloro-N,N'-diacyl-1,4-phenylenediamines.

Oxidation of N-(N-arylsulfonylimidoyl)-4-aminophenols gave the corresponding N-[N-arylsulfonylimidoyl)-1,4-benzoquinonimines, derivatives of N-aroyl- and N-acetyl-1,4-benzoquinonimines. The structure of the products was studied by the X-ray diffraction method and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. N-(N-Arylsulfonylimidoyl)-1,4-benzoquinonimines were found to undergo fast (on the NMR time scale) Z E isomerization about the CIN bond in the quinonimine fragment. N-(N-Arylsulfonylacetimidoyl)-1,4-benzoquinonimines in solution give rise to dynamic Z E-isomerization with respect to the CIN bond in the N-arylsulfonylacetimidoyl fragment.

N-[N-Arylsulfonylbenz(acet)imidoyl]-3,5-dimethyl-1,4-benzoquinonimines react with alcohols to give the corresponding adducts at the activated CIN bond. The adducts lose alcohol molecule on heating to afford initial quinonimines. Hydrolysis of the title compounds leads to formation of the corresponding quinones and N-arylsulfonylamidines.

We present the results of theoretical and experimental investigation of contact pressure between the layers of axially symmetric multilayer structures and solve the problem of contact interaction of elastic bodies by the method of finite elements. Special attention is given to a fairly detailed description of the methods used for correction of the global stiffness matrix for given boundary conditions on the contact surface. It is shown that both the variable stiffness of the inserts and the localization of contact surfaces affect the distribution of contact pressure. We also present criteria for the quantitative evaluation of the extrema of the stress diagram and give recommendations for numerical calculations.

The direction of hydrohalogenation of N-substituted p-quinonimines was predicted on the basis of orbital coefficients of the C2 and C3 atoms in the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, calculated by the PM3 method. It was assumed that the reaction is orbital-controlled and that the initial act of hydrohalogenation is nucleophilic attack by halide ion. The proposed approach was verified by experimental hydrochlorination and hydrobromination of N-(N-arylsulfonylbenzimidoyl)-1,4-benzoquinonimines which take up HHlg molecule following the 1,4-addition scheme, i.e., the halogen atom adds to C2 of the quinoid ring.

The chlorination of N-acyl derivatives of p-aminophenols can provide either N-acyl-2,3,6-trichloro-4-aminophenols or N-acyl-2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone imines depending on solvent nature, process temperature, and molar ratio initial compound-chlorine. The chlorination of N-acyl-4-amino-1-naphthols affords only N-acyl-2,3-dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone imines. N,N'-Diacyl-1,4-phenylenediamines give rise on chlorination to a mixture of 2,5-dichloro-, 2,6-dichloro-, and 2,3-dichloro-N,N'-diacyl-1,4-phenylenediamines.

Oxidation of N-(N-arylsulfonylimidoyl)-4-aminophenols gave the corresponding N-[N-arylsulfonylimidoyl)-1,4-benzoquinonimines, derivatives of N-aroyl- and N-acetyl-1,4-benzoquinonimines. The structure of the products was studied by the X-ray diffraction method and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. N-(N-Arylsulfonylimidoyl)-1,4-benzoquinonimines were found to undergo fast (on the NMR time scale) Z E isomerization about the CIN bond in the quinonimine fragment. N-(N-Arylsulfonylacetimidoyl)-1,4-benzoquinonimines in solution give rise to dynamic Z E-isomerization with respect to the CIN bond in the N-arylsulfonylacetimidoyl fragment.

The study of chlorination of N-(N-arylsulfonylarylimidoyl)-1,4-benzoquinone imines and of N-(N-arylsulfonylarylimidoyl)-1,4-aminophenols revealed that the dominant stage in the process was the formation of cyclohexene structures, 4-(N-arylsulfonylarylimidoyl)imino-2,5,6-trichloro-2-cyclohexene-1- ones, resulting from addition of a Cl2 molecule across the C = C bond of the quinoid ring. These substances suffer a prototropic rearrangements yielding N-(N-arylsulfonylarylimidoyl)-2,3,6-trichloro-4-aminophenols. The latter are the most common reaction products. The products of deeper chlorination were also obtained.

To determine kempas ability to potentiate the action of simultaneously used daklizumab.Kempas was given to 7 patients twice: 18-21 days before transplantation and on the day of transplantation after plasmapheresis. The control group consisted of 9 patients who received induction immunodepression only with daklizumab. By demographic and clinico-laboratory parameters the groups were identical. The assessment was made by duration of the interval between administration of daklizumab.Patients given kempas had longer intervals between daklitumab administration (the difference was significant).Kempas potentiates an immunodepressive action of daklizumab.

N-Aroyl-3,5-dimethyl-and N-[N-arylsulfonylbenz(acet)imidoyl]-3,5-dimethyl-1,4-benzoquinone monoimines react with hydrazoic acid according to the 1,4-addition pattern. N-Acyl-2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone monoimines take up hydrazoic acid at the double C=N bond (1,2-addition).