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49,848 results on '"A. Kjaer"'

1. PET in vivo generators 134Ce and 140Nd on an internalizing monoclonal antibody probe

Author

G. W. Severin, J. Fonslet, L. K. Kristensen, C. H. Nielsen, A. I. Jensen, A. Kjær, A. P. Mazar, K. Johnston, and U. Köster

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract The in vivo-generator radionuclides 140Nd (t1/2 = 3.4 d) and 134Ce (t1/2 = 3.2 d) were used to trace a urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA)-targeting mouse monoclonal antibody, ATN-291, in U87 MG xenograft tumor-bearing mice. ATN-291 is known to internalize on the uPA/uPA-receptor pair, making it an appropriate targeting vector for investigating the fate of in vivo generator daughters on internalizing probes. Ante-mortem and post-mortem PET imaging at 120 h post-injection gave no indication of redistribution of the positron emitting daughter nuclides 134La and 140Pr from tumor tissue (p > 0.5). The lack of redistribution indicates that the parent radionuclides 134Ce and 140Nd could be considered as long-lived PET-diagnostic matches to therapeutic radionuclides like 177Lu, 161Tb and 225Ac when internalizing bioconjugates are employed.

Published
2022
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2. Accelerated ray-tracing simulations using McXtrace

Author

Sloth, Steffen, Willendrup, Peter Kjær, Sørensen, Hans Henrik Brandenborg, Christensen, Morten, and Poulsen, Henning Friis

Subjects
Physics - Computational Physics
Abstract

McXtrace is an established Monte Carlo based ray-tracing tool to simulate synchrotron beamlines and X-ray laboratory instruments. This work explains and demonstrates the new capability of GPU-accelerated McXtrace ray-tracing simulations. The openACC implementation is presented, followed by a demonstration of the achieved speed-up factor for several types of instruments across different types of hardware. The instruments achieve speed-up factors around \SIrange{250}{600}{} dependent on the instrument complexity. Instruments requiring repeated memory access might require optimised memory access procedures to avoid severe penalties in the simulation time when using GPUs. The importance of reducing the simulations was demonstrated for an aviation security application by comparing the simulation time of a projection of an energy-dispersive X-ray computed tomography instrument.

Published
2024

3. Hysteresis Behind A Freeway Bottleneck With Location-Dependent Capacity

Author

Hammerl, Alexander, Seshadri, Ravi, Rasmussen, Thomas Kjær, and Nielsen, Otto Anker

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics
Abstract

Macroscopic fundamental diagrams (MFDs) and related network traffic dynamics models have received both theoretical support and empirical validation with the emergence of new data collection technologies. However, the existence of well-defined MFD curves can only be expected for traffic networks with specific topologies and is subject to various disturbances, most importantly hysteresis phenomena. This study aims to improve the understanding of hysteresis in Macroscopic Fundamental Diagrams and Network Exit Functions (NEFs) during rush hour conditions. We apply the LWR theory to a highway corridor featuring a location-dependent downstream bottleneck to identify a figure-eight hysteresis pattern, clockwise on the top and counter-clockwise on the bottom. Our empirical observations confirm the occurrence of counter-clockwise loops in real conditions, an effect which we can attribute to demand asymmetries through theoretical analysis. The paper discusses the impact of the road topology and demand patterns on the formation and intensity of hysteresis loops analytically. To substantiate these findings, we analyze empirical MFD data from two bottlenecks and present statistical evidence that, under otherwise identical conditions, a continuous bottleneck causes less hysteresis than a discontinuous one. We conduct numerical experiments using the Cell Transmission Model (CTM) to show that even a slight reduction in the capacity of the homogeneous section can significantly decrease MFD hysteresis while maintaining outflow at the corridor's downstream end. These reductions can be achieved with minimal intervention through standard traffic control measures, such as dynamic speed limits or ramp metering.

Published
2024

4. Substitution in the perturbed utility route choice model

Author

Fosgerau, Mogens, Nielsen, Nikolaj, Paulsen, Mads, Rasmussen, Thomas Kjær, and Yao, Rui

Subjects
Economics - Econometrics
Abstract

This paper considers substitution patterns in the perturbed utility route choice model. We provide a general result that determines the marginal change in link flows following a marginal change in link costs across the network. We give a general condition on the network structure under which all paths are necessarily substitutes and an example in which some paths are complements. The presence of complementarity contradicts a result in a previous paper in this journal; we point out and correct the error.

Published
2024

5. Building a Diverse Cybersecurity Workforce: A Study on Attracting Learners with Varied Educational Backgrounds

Author

Mubashrah Saddiqa, Kristian Helmer Kjær Larsen, Robert Nedergaard Nielsen, and Jens Myrup Pedersen

Abstract

Cybersecurity has traditionally been perceived as a highly technical field, centered around hacking, programming, and network defense. However, this article contends that the scope of cybersecurity must transcend its technical confines to embrace a more inclusive approach. By incorporating various concepts such as privacy, data sharing, and ethics, cybersecurity can foster diversity among audiences with varying educational backgrounds, thereby cultivating a richer and more resilient security landscape. A more diverse cybersecurity workforce can provide a broader range of perspectives, experiences, and skills to address the complex and ever-evolving threats of the digital age. The research focuses on enhancing cybersecurity education to attract a diverse audience through the development and testing of a virtual platform on Haaukins (a cybersecurity training platform) designed with features resembling social media for capture-the-flag exercises. The results show that the cyber training platform effectively engages a diverse group of learners, bridging the gap between traditional technical boundaries and the urgent demand for comprehensive cybersecurity competence.

Published
2024

7. SleepFM: Multi-modal Representation Learning for Sleep Across Brain Activity, ECG and Respiratory Signals

Author

Thapa, Rahul, He, Bryan, Kjaer, Magnus Ruud, Moore, Hyatt, Ganjoo, Gauri, Mignot, Emmanuel, and Zou, James

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing
Abstract

Sleep is a complex physiological process evaluated through various modalities recording electrical brain, cardiac, and respiratory activities. We curate a large polysomnography dataset from over 14,000 participants comprising over 100,000 hours of multi-modal sleep recordings. Leveraging this extensive dataset, we developed SleepFM, the first multi-modal foundation model for sleep analysis. We show that a novel leave-one-out approach for contrastive learning significantly improves downstream task performance compared to representations from standard pairwise contrastive learning. A logistic regression model trained on SleepFM's learned embeddings outperforms an end-to-end trained convolutional neural network (CNN) on sleep stage classification (macro AUROC 0.88 vs 0.72 and macro AUPRC 0.72 vs 0.48) and sleep disordered breathing detection (AUROC 0.85 vs 0.69 and AUPRC 0.77 vs 0.61). Notably, the learned embeddings achieve 48% top-1 average accuracy in retrieving the corresponding recording clips of other modalities from 90,000 candidates. This work demonstrates the value of holistic multi-modal sleep modeling to fully capture the richness of sleep recordings. SleepFM is open source and available at https://github.com/rthapa84/sleepfm-codebase.

Published
2024

8. Comprehensive genomic characterization of early-stage bladder cancer

Author

Prip, Frederik, Lamy, Philippe, Lindskrog, Sia Viborg, Strandgaard, Trine, Nordentoft, Iver, Birkenkamp-Demtröder, Karin, Birkbak, Nicolai Juul, Kristjánsdóttir, Nanna, Kjær, Asbjørn, Andreasen, Tine G., Ahrenfeldt, Johanne, Pedersen, Jakob Skou, Rasmussen, Asta Mannstaedt, Hermann, Gregers G., Mogensen, Karin, Petersen, Astrid C., Hartmann, Arndt, Grimm, Marc-Oliver, Horstmann, Marcus, Nawroth, Roman, Segersten, Ulrika, Sikic, Danijel, van Kessel, Kim E. M., Zwarthoff, Ellen C., Maurer, Tobias, Simic, Tatjana, Malmström, Per-Uno, Malats, Núria, Jensen, Jørgen Bjerggaard, Real, Francisco X., and Dyrskjøt, Lars

Published
2025
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13. Two Tales of Single-Phase Contrastive Hebbian Learning

Author

Høier, Rasmus Kjær and Zach, Christopher

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Neural and Evolutionary Computing
Abstract

The search for ``biologically plausible'' learning algorithms has converged on the idea of representing gradients as activity differences. However, most approaches require a high degree of synchronization (distinct phases during learning) and introduce substantial computational overhead, which raises doubts regarding their biological plausibility as well as their potential utility for neuromorphic computing. Furthermore, they commonly rely on applying infinitesimal perturbations (nudges) to output units, which is impractical in noisy environments. Recently it has been shown that by modelling artificial neurons as dyads with two oppositely nudged compartments, it is possible for a fully local learning algorithm named ``dual propagation'' to bridge the performance gap to backpropagation, without requiring separate learning phases or infinitesimal nudging. However, the algorithm has the drawback that its numerical stability relies on symmetric nudging, which may be restrictive in biological and analog implementations. In this work we first provide a solid foundation for the objective underlying the dual propagation method, which also reveals a surprising connection with adversarial robustness. Second, we demonstrate how dual propagation is related to a particular adjoint state method, which is stable regardless of asymmetric nudging., Comment: ICML 2024; 21 pages

Published
2024

14. Integrative multi-omics analyses to identify the genetic and functional mechanisms underlying ovarian cancer risk regions.

Author

Dareng, Eileen, Coetzee, Simon, Tyrer, Jonathan, Peng, Pei-Chen, Rosenow, Will, Chen, Stephanie, Davis, Brian, Dezem, Felipe, Seo, Ji-Heui, Nameki, Robbin, Reyes, Alberto, Aben, Katja, Anton-Culver, Hoda, Antonenkova, Natalia, Aravantinos, Gerasimos, Bandera, Elisa, Beane Freeman, Laura, Beckmann, Matthias, Beeghly-Fadiel, Alicia, Benitez, Javier, Bernardini, Marcus, Bjorge, Line, Black, Amanda, Bogdanova, Natalia, Bolton, Kelly, Brenton, James, Budzilowska, Agnieszka, Butzow, Ralf, Cai, Hui, Campbell, Ian, Cannioto, Rikki, Chang-Claude, Jenny, Chanock, Stephen, Chen, Kexin, Chenevix-Trench, Georgia, Chiew, Yoke-Eng, Cook, Linda, DeFazio, Anna, Dennis, Joe, Doherty, Jennifer, Dörk, Thilo, du Bois, Andreas, Dürst, Matthias, Eccles, Diana, Ene, Gabrielle, Fasching, Peter, Flanagan, James, Fortner, Renée, Fostira, Florentia, Gentry-Maharaj, Aleksandra, Giles, Graham, Goodman, Marc, Gronwald, Jacek, Haiman, Christopher, Håkansson, Niclas, Heitz, Florian, Hildebrandt, Michelle, Høgdall, Estrid, Høgdall, Claus, Huang, Ruea-Yea, Jensen, Allan, Jones, Michael, Kang, Daehee, Karlan, Beth, Karnezis, Anthony, Kelemen, Linda, Kennedy, Catherine, Khusnutdinova, Elza, Kiemeney, Lambertus, Kjaer, Susanne, Kupryjanczyk, Jolanta, Labrie, Marilyne, Lambrechts, Diether, Larson, Melissa, Le, Nhu, Lester, Jenny, Li, Lian, Lubiński, Jan, Lush, Michael, Marks, Jeffrey, Matsuo, Keitaro, May, Taymaa, McLaughlin, John, McNeish, Iain, Menon, Usha, Missmer, Stacey, Modugno, Francesmary, Moffitt, Melissa, Monteiro, Alvaro, Moysich, Kirsten, Narod, Steven, Nguyen-Dumont, Tu, Odunsi, Kunle, Olsson, Håkan, Onland-Moret, N, Park, Sue, Pejovic, Tanja, Permuth, Jennifer, Piskorz, Anna, and Prokofyeva, Darya

Subjects
GWAS, epithelial ovarian cancer risk, fine mapping, functional mechanisms, Humans, Female, Genome-Wide Association Study, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Ovarian Neoplasms, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial, Transcriptome, Risk Factors, Genomics, Case-Control Studies, Multiomics
Abstract

To identify credible causal risk variants (CCVs) associated with different histotypes of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), we performed genome-wide association analysis for 470,825 genotyped and 10,163,797 imputed SNPs in 25,981 EOC cases and 105,724 controls of European origin. We identified five histotype-specific EOC risk regions (p value

Published
2024

16. Pre-diagnosis tea and coffee consumption and survival after a diagnosis of ovarian cancer: results from the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium

Author

Nagle, Christina M., Ibiebele, Torukiri I., Bandera, Elisa V., Cramer, Daniel, Doherty, Jennifer A., Giles, Graham G., Goodman, Marc T., Hanley, Gillian E., Harris, Holly R., Jensen, Allan, Kjaer, Susanne K., Lee, Alice W., Milne, Roger L., Qin, Bo, Richardson, Jean, Sasamoto, Naoko, Sieh, Weiva, Terry, Kathryn L., Titus, Linda, Trabert, Britton, Wentzensen, Nicolas, Wu, Anna H., Berchuck, Andrew, Pike, Malcolm, Pearce, Celeste Leigh, and Webb, Penelope M.

Published
2024
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17. Long-term mortality and health-related quality of life with lower versus higher oxygenation targets in intensive care unit patients with COVID-19 and severe hypoxaemia

Author

Crescioli, Elena, Nielsen, Frederik Mølgaard, Bunzel, Anne-Marie, Eriksen, Anne Sofie Broberg, Siegemund, Martin, Poulsen, Lone Musaeus, Andreasen, Anne Sofie, Bestle, Morten Heiberg, Iversen, Susanne Andi, Brøchner, Anne Craveiro, Grøfte, Thorbjørn, Hildebrandt, Thomas, Laake, Jon Henrik, Kjær, Maj-Brit Nørregaard, Lange, Theis, Perner, Anders, Klitgaard, Thomas Lass, Schjørring, Olav Lilleholt, and Rasmussen, Bodil Steen

Published
2024
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22. Perturbed utility stochastic traffic assignment

Author

Yao, Rui, Fosgerau, Mogens, Paulsen, Mads, and Rasmussen, Thomas Kjær

Subjects
Mathematics - Optimization and Control
Abstract

This paper develops a fast algorithm for computing the equilibrium assignment with the perturbed utility route choice (PURC) model. Without compromise, this allows the significant advantages of the PURC model to be used in large-scale applications. We formulate the PURC equilibrium assignment problem as a convex minimization problem and find a closed-form stochastic network loading expression that allows us to formulate the Lagrangian dual of the assignment problem as an unconstrained optimization problem. To solve this dual problem, we formulate a quasi-Newton accelerated gradient descent algorithm (qN-AGD*). Our numerical evidence shows that qN-AGD* clearly outperforms a conventional primal algorithm as well as a plain accelerated gradient descent algorithm. qN-AGD* is fast with a runtime that scales about linearly with the problem size, indicating that solving the perturbed utility assignment problem is feasible also with very large networks.

Published
2023

23. Genome-wide association analyses of ovarian cancer patients undergoing primary debulking surgery identify candidate genes for residual disease

Author

Ramachandran, Dhanya, Tyrer, Jonathan P, Kommoss, Stefan, DeFazio, Anna, Riggan, Marjorie J, Webb, Penelope M, Fasching, Peter A, Lambrechts, Diether, García, María J, Rodríguez-Antona, Cristina, Goodman, Marc T, Modugno, Francesmary, Moysich, Kirsten B, Karlan, Beth Y, Lester, Jenny, Kjaer, Susanne K, Jensen, Allan, Høgdall, Estrid, Goode, Ellen L, Cliby, William A, Kumar, Amanika, Wang, Chen, Cunningham, Julie M, Winham, Stacey J, Monteiro, Alvaro N, Schildkraut, Joellen M, Cramer, Daniel W, Terry, Kathryn L, Titus, Linda, Bjorge, Line, Thomsen, Liv Cecilie Vestrheim, Pejovic, Tanja, Høgdall, Claus K, McNeish, Iain A, May, Taymaa, Huntsman, David G, Pfisterer, Jacobus, Canzler, Ulrich, Park-Simon, Tjoung-Won, Schröder, Willibald, Belau, Antje, Hanker, Lars, Harter, Philipp, Sehouli, Jalid, Kimmig, Rainer, de Gregorio, Nikolaus, Schmalfeldt, Barbara, Baumann, Klaus, Hilpert, Felix, Burges, Alexander, Winterhoff, Boris, Schürmann, Peter, Speith, Lisa-Marie, Hillemanns, Peter, Berchuck, Andrew, Johnatty, Sharon E, Ramus, Susan J, Chenevix-Trench, Georgia, Pharoah, Paul DP, Dörk, Thilo, and Heitz, Florian

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Genetics, Cancer, Clinical Research, Prevention, Orphan Drug, Women's Health, Ovarian Cancer, Rare Diseases, Human Genome, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, AOCS Group, OPAL Study Group, Medical biotechnology
Abstract

Survival from ovarian cancer depends on the resection status after primary surgery. We performed genome-wide association analyses for resection status of 7705 ovarian cancer patients, including 4954 with high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSOC), to identify variants associated with residual disease. The most significant association with resection status was observed for rs72845444, upstream of MGMT, in HGSOC (p = 3.9 × 10-8). In gene-based analyses, PPP2R5C was the most strongly associated gene in HGSOC after stage adjustment. In an independent set of 378 ovarian tumours from the AGO-OVAR 11 study, variants near MGMT and PPP2R5C correlated with methylation and transcript levels, and PPP2R5C mRNA levels predicted progression-free survival in patients with residual disease. MGMT encodes a DNA repair enzyme, and PPP2R5C encodes the B56γ subunit of the PP2A tumour suppressor. Our results link heritable variation at these two loci with resection status in HGSOC.

Published
2024

28. The mitochondrial mRNA-stabilizing protein SLIRP regulates skeletal muscle mitochondrial structure and respiration by exercise-recoverable mechanisms

Author

Pham, Tang Cam Phung, Raun, Steffen Henning, Havula, Essi, Henriquez-Olguín, Carlos, Rubalcava-Gracia, Diana, Frank, Emma, Fritzen, Andreas Mæchel, Jannig, Paulo R., Andersen, Nicoline Resen, Kruse, Rikke, Ali, Mona Sadek, Irazoki, Andrea, Halling, Jens Frey, Ringholm, Stine, Needham, Elise J., Hansen, Solvejg, Lemminger, Anders Krogh, Schjerling, Peter, Petersen, Maria Houborg, de Almeida, Martin Eisemann, Jensen, Thomas Elbenhardt, Kiens, Bente, Hostrup, Morten, Larsen, Steen, Ørtenblad, Niels, Højlund, Kurt, Kjær, Michael, Ruas, Jorge L., Trifunovic, Aleksandra, Wojtaszewski, Jørgen Frank Pind, Nielsen, Joachim, Qvortrup, Klaus, Pilegaard, Henriette, Richter, Erik Arne, and Sylow, Lykke

Published
2024
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36. An in situ depot for the sustained release of a TLR7/8 agonist in combination with a TGFβ inhibitor promotes anti-tumor immune responses

Author

Jensen, Sophie B., Jæhger, Ditte E., Serrano-Chávez, Elizabeth, Halldórsdóttir, Hólmfríður R., Engel, Trine B., Jørgensen, Jennifer S., Björgvinsdóttir, Unnur J., Kostrikov, Serhii, Scheeper, Marouschka J., Ringgaard, Lars, Bruun, Linda M., Stavnsbjerg, Camilla, Christensen, Esben, Bak, Martin, Thuroczy, Julianna, Balogh, Lajos, Jensen, Andreas T. I., Melander, Fredrik, Kjaer, Andreas, Henriksen, Jonas R., Hansen, Anders E., and Andresen, Thomas L.

Published
2024
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45. Network of doctors for multimorbidity and diabetes — the NOMAD intervention: protocol for feasibility trial of multidisciplinary team conferences for people with diabetes and multimorbidity

Author

Bugge, Stine Jorstad, Henriksen, Daniel Pilsgaard, Damkier, Per, Rahbek, Martin Torp, Schousboe, Karoline, Rothmann, Mette Juel, Poulsen, Marianne Kjær, Hansen, Camilla, Nagarajah, Subagini, Jensen, Per Bruno, Johansson, Sofie Lock, Panou, Vasiliki, Schneider, Ida Ransby, Pedersen, Charlotte Gjørup, Andersen, Jonas Dahl, Hangaard, Jørgen, and Zwisler, Ann-Dorthe Olsen

Published
2024
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