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In the present work, anodized aluminum oxide template was prepared by accelerated mild anodization technique in 0.6M phosphoric aside and 175 V, anodization voltage. Pore widening was performed by chemical etching in 0.5M phosphoric acid for 8, 16, 32, 40 minutes. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images showed the pores, diameter exponentially increases with etching time. By depositing silver contacts on the prepared samples and using an RC circuit for applying impedance spectroscopy, the characteristics of the humidity sensor based on constructed samples were investigated. The maximum response was seen for the sample etched for 40 minutes. For this sample, the detectable threshold of relative moisture was 30% and the response and the recovery time were 8, 2 seconds, respectively

The basic and key point in the realization of sustainable development is to obtain affordable, reliable, and clean sources of energy. In other words, energy has a fundamental importance in the realization of a sustainable economy, so researchers consider energy as the blood flowing in the veins of modern society. Despite this fundamental importance, the sustainable supply of energy in the world is still facing wide challenges. In recent years, despite the many capacities of fossil and renewable energy, Iran has faced many fundamental challenges in the field of energy. According to what has been said, the realization of sustainable development without overcoming the challenges of sustainable energy supply is out of mind. On the other hand, it is not possible to overcome the challenges of the energy field without innovation and continuous improvements as drivers of change. It is noteworthy that innovation without using an innovation strategy will be fruitless. The reason for this is that the process of innovation is risky and requires difficult decisions. Therefore, the use of an innovation strategy is necessary to create improvements and changes in the system. Therefore, the proposed research is focused on the concept of innovation strategy. The current research was conducted to analyze the content of the documents of the laws of the development program of Iran from the perspective of exploring sustainable development and innovation strategy in the energy industry. This issue is important because the formulation and support of sustainable development policies can be an important issue in achieving sustainable development. On the other hand, the formulation of innovation policies can be the basis for its realization. This research has used the qualitative method to create a deep understanding of the research concepts. This happens while previous researchers have mostly benefited little from qualitative methods in studying the concept of innovation strategy. On the other hand, the current research has studied the innovation strategy with the goal of sustainable development. The alignment of innovation with sustainable development is an important matter that has been less considered in previous studies. Thus, by examining these deficiencies, the proposed research can complement the gaps of previous research in this field in several ways. The importance of this research is in understanding the background conditions of Iran's energy industry. This can facilitate the paths of achieving sustainable development in the energy industry, improving efficiency and economic stability, improving justice and social inclusiveness, and preserving biodiversity and natural resources. Also, the proposed research through the policy recommendations provided can provide an important tool for company managers, policymakers, or in general decision makers of the energy industry in Iran. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature. In terms of strategy, this research has used the library strategy. The current research has used the summary content analysis method to analyze the collected data and the inductive-deductive coding approach to reduce and categorize the data. The content analysis in this research was of a quantitative relationship with neighborhood analysis. To perform the coding process, MaxQDA version 20 software was used. The statistical population of the research was the documents of the laws of the development program of Iran. The current research has studied the entire statistical population. Therefore, sampling was not required. The implementation process of the current research started with theoretical studies and analysis of previous research related to the strategy of innovation and sustainable development. This was done to deepen the theoretical knowledge about the studied concepts and also to identify and define the research concepts and categories. In the next step, the research questions were formulated. The next stage of the current research is devoted to the review of the documents and documents of the development program laws. After this, the collected qualitative data was analyzed. In the last stage, summarization and conclusions were made and research proposals were presented. In this research, to ensure the validity and reliability of the research findings, the validity and reliability of the data were examined. For this purpose, data coding was done carefully and in several stages with time intervals. Also, some experts with experience and expertise in the field of energy and sustainable development re-examined the research results. To be more sure of the reliability of the research findings, the calculation of agreement between two coders or reliability between two coders has also been used. The findings of the research show that the writing and formulation of development plans in Iran have been mainly centered around economic growth. In other words, concepts related to social inclusiveness and environmental protection have been neglected in Iran's development plans. The evidence shows that Iran's development plans have paid significant attention to fossil energies as opposed to renewable energies. In addition to environmental hazards, this can be a serious threat to energy security in Iran. The findings show that despite the relatively high attention of Iran's development plans to the concept of technology, the concept of innovation has not been given much attention. In addition, the emphasis on technological innovation can cause neglect the benefits of non-technological innovations. Following the path of the current research, it is suggested that future researchers use quantitative methods to investigate the impact of innovation strategies on sustainable development in the energy industry. In addition, the realization of the country's development plans can be examined with quantitative methods.

Introduction: This research is aimed at identifying the pattern of antecedents and results of leadership self-development in organizations. Most organizations believe that a well-trained workforce is the key to success. Over the past century, training and development has evolved under the influence of changes in the nature of work, and professionals have made increasing demands on their ability to deal with uncertainty, adapt quickly to new information, and solve increasingly complex problems. The future requires a culture of continuous learning. 21st century learners must learn intrapersonal skills such as learning strategies to be able to determine and direct their own learning content. Formal learning programs are not only costly but also time-consuming, while informal learning programs reduce costs and save time. Also, it seems that employees who voluntarily participate in training activities have more learning than mandatory trainings, as a result, the focus on self-development as an alternative to formal trainings is increasing. Leaders as the tip of the arrow in the advancement of organizations must be able to quickly adapt to the rapid changes that occur in the demands of customers and the global economy. One of the approaches that today has many fans among various organizations and researches for the development of leadership capacity is leadership self-development.Methodology: In the present research, the method of Meta-synthesis has been used. Therefore, the research approach is qualitative and its method is Meta-synthesis research. n this research, it was done through its various stages, namely setting the research question, systematic study of literature, selection of suitable researches, extracting information from researches, analysis and combination of findings, quality control of findings and presentation of findings. In this research, the statistical population of the research includes researches and studies conducted in the period of 1970 to 2021 in the field of leadership self-development with the keywords self-development / self-directed learning / leadership development / leadership self-improvement / leadership self-help / distance learning / self-leadership development /Self-directed development/Self-directed leadership in databases (SID; Noormags; Magiran; Ganj; CIVILICA; Sciencedirect; DOAJ; scopus; ProQuest; Jstore; EBSCOhost; sage; Wiley; Springer; Emerald; PubMed; ERIC; Semantic Scholar & Google Scholar) were collected and a total of 2995 studies were selected and analyzed. Among the examined studies, after several stages of screening, 131 study units were selected and examined based on the review of the title, abstract and content of the research respectively. In conducting this screening, CASP helped a lot to check the quality of researches. . Related sources were coded by open, central and selective three-step coding. In order to check the quality of coding, reliability, verifiability and reliability were used for the findings, and Cohen's kappa coefficient for agreement between evaluators was obtained as 0.72. Results and Discussion: The identified antecedents for leadership self-development were classified into three categories: 1. Individual factors (including 19 components), 2. Organizational factors (including 5 components) and 3. Environmental factors (including 2 components). Also, the results and consequences identified for leadership self-development include two categories: 1. Individual results (including 8 components) and 2. Organizational results (including 7 components).Conclusion: Despite the studies that have been conducted in the field of leadership self-development, there is still no comprehensive model of the antecedents that are required for the implementation of leadership self-development and the results obtained from this implementation. For this reason, it was decided to review and combine past studies in a systematic review and provide a model that is more comprehensive and complete than the models presented for the antecedents and results of leadership self-development. By knowing the results obtained from this research, various organizations can get acquainted with the factors that are needed for leadership self-development in addition to recognizing the benefits of leadership self-development; When recruiting and promoting leaders, organizations can consider the individual factors required for leadership self-development as one of the criteria for recruitment and promotion, and the environmental and organizational factors required for leadership self-development in order to achieve results. They provided leadership self-development for the individual and the organization.

Introduction As a verb, the term “Correspondence” means “to look at each other” (in Persian culture, under the word, “تناظر”, “Tanaazor”), “to confront” (in the dictionary under the word “Movajeheh”, “مواجهه”), and to match; as a noun it means similarity. In mystical terms, “correspondence of cosmoses” is the similarity and/or confrontation of the two universes, i.e. the microcosm, and the macrocosm, despite their contemporaneity. One of the clear examples of this is the correspondence of the dimensions of human existence with other universes. In the mystical discussion of “correspondence”, the basis of creation is the correspondence of the cosmoses; the emergence of various aspects of creation is visible in the two worlds ‒ macrocosm and microcosm ‒ and shows the interconnectedness of the parts and elements of these two worlds. Mystics believe that whatever exists in the visible world and the macrocosm, has its example existing in the microcosm. In his works, Sheikh Ala-o-Dowleh Semnani, one of the mystics of the 7th and 8th centuries AH, has used the principle of the correspondence of the worlds, depicting the gist of his special mystical teachings such as 'Lataif Sab’a', and the question of creation of man. The issue of dualism is present in all his topics, including the principles and branches of religion, theoretical views of mysticism, etc. Methodology This study, through a descriptive-analytical method and based on a library study, seeks to analyze and examine the idea of the correspondence of worlds in the works of Sheikh Ala-o-Dowleh Semnani in order to find out the purpose, application, and function of the use of correspondence in his mystical teachings. In the thought of Ala-o-Dowleh Semnani, the events of the universe are related to the affairs of the soul. Discussion Among the preliminaries of the design and explanation of the subject of correspondence in Sheikh Semnani's thought is the explanation of the place of man, the world, and the heart in the system of existence. In one categorization, he divides the universe into two worlds, minor and major, and in another division, while expressing his mystical thoughts, he believes in four types of worlds: horizons, soul, unseen and martyrdom (Semanani, 1362: 70). According to Semnani, the existence of correspondence in the world is an obvious phenomenon that does not require any special reasoning and logic. In his intellectual system, correspondence has various functions, the first of which is the correspondence of the cosmic and personal worlds; the correspondence of these two worlds with each other and familiarity with these worlds is evident in the practical teachings of Sheikh Ala-o-Dowleh Semnani. The second function of the idea of correspondence of the Sheikh is evident in his “Treatise on Chess”, in which, by expressing detailed mystical points about chess pieces, he somehow corresponds it to the chess game of human existence. The Sheikh refers to chess pieces as having a spiritual meaning. The third function and example of correspondence in the thought and works of Ala-o-Dowleh, which is also related to the knowledge of self, ontology, and the heavens, is that he considers a spiritual matter for every cosmic matter. The fourth function of correspondence in Semnani's thought is the subject of mystical lights, which was planned by the mystics before him and somehow evolved with Ala-o-Dowleh. The fifth function of correspondence in Sheikh Semnani's works is the subject of mystical veils, and prophets. In all these cases, we see the establishment of correspondence in the mystical system of Sheikh Semnani. Conclusion The idea of the universality of man and the universality of the world is actually the expression of the idea of the “correspondence” of microcosm and macrocosm, which will cause the comprehensive recognition of man as both a microcosm and a macrocosm with its own meaning and place in the system of creation. Using a descriptive-analytical method and based on library studies, this study analyzes and examines the idea of correspondence in the works of Sheikh Ala-o-Dowleh Semnani and shows the purpose, application and function of the use of correspondence in his mystical teachings. By emphasizing the duality and connection between microcosm and macrocosm, Sheikh Ala-o-Dowleh Semnani disputes Ibn Arabi's views on the unity of existence and tries to explain the idea of the correspondence of worlds. It is necessary to understand the idea of correspondence in his thought, in order to know the place of man, the world, the universe, and also the heart as the middle links of this correspondence. All these topics are included under his main mystical thought, Lataif Sab'a. The basis for Semnani's theory of Lataif Sab’a is the principle that, on the one hand, all these Lataif (Subtleties) are the result of the effects of heavenly bodies and elements, and on the other hand, there is a correspondence between the subtleties of the Saba, heavenly bodies, elements, types of lights, types of humans and prophets. From Semnani's point of view, the function of correspondence is manifested in the knowledge of man, the world, and the truth, as well as in monastic education, human existential chess, types of subtleties, lights, and prophets.

Free innovation is a concept that refers to the voluntary contribution of ideas by individuals for problem-solving purposes without any financial transaction. The question arises as to how innovators are motivated to participate in this process. Previous studies have shown that free innovation is directly related to human interests and values, and encompasses issues such as benefits, participation, entertainment, education, creativity, philanthropy, and other important topics related to "human development and progress." This study aimed to address the question of free innovation and investigate the free innovation ecosystems in Iran. The effective motivations for the formation of free innovation were identified and ranked. By reviewing the literature on free innovation, using expert evaluation and the Delphi method, the effective motivations were identified. Then, using Dimtel, the impact of the final eight motivations with the opinions of research experts was examined. These motivations included philanthropy, personal reward, social acceptance, social responsibility, increase in fame and dignity, helping, feeling satisfied with dignity, and the joy of learning. The value of this research lies in enriching the theoretical foundations of free innovation in Persian language, and providing policy recommendations that lay the groundwork for leveraging the implementation of free innovation in Iranian society.

Ashraf Jahangir Semnani (d. 798 A.H.), is one of the mystics of Iranian descent of the Chishtiyya sect and one of the Sufi sheikhs living in India. One of his most important works is "Lataif Ashrafi Fi Bayan Tawaif Sufi". This work is in the form of a manuscript and is one of the comprehensive mystical encyclopedias and contains practical and theoretical mysticism topics as well as theological, literary and historical issues. Nizamuddin Gharib Yemeni - disciple of Ashraf Jahangir Semnani - has written this book in a codified form. This research, with a descriptive-analytical approach, introduces the manuscript of Lataif Ashrafi and examines practical mysticism in this book. The basic topics of this research are based on the introduction of Lataif Ashrafi's version and the writing features of the version, as well as the topics of practical mysticism, including Sufism, monastic etiquette and Sufi recommendations. The results of the introduction and examination of the manuscript - which has not been published in Iran so far - is that Ashraf's mystical thoughts and opinions are the meeting point of the views of the Kabruyeh sect, especially Sheikh Alaa al-Dawlah Semnani, the Chishtiyeh sect, and Ibn Arabi's views. Through his interview with Mirsaid Ali Hamdani and Abd al-Razzaq Kashani, he seeks to combine and combine one of the methods of the first mystical tradition (Chishtiyyah) with the mystical opinions of the second tradition in the subcontinent.

Abstract Objectives This study aims to evaluate the effect of vitamin D and magnesium supplementation on clinical symptoms and serum inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in patients with COVID-19. Trial design This study is a 4-arm randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial with a factorial design and the intervention period is 3 weeks. Participants This study is conducted on COVID-19 patients admitted to the Shahid Mohammadi hospital in Bandar Abbas, Iran, who are eligible for inclusion in the study. Patients are included only if they meet all of the following criteria: (1) aged from 18 to 65 years old; (2) confirmation of COVID-19 by RT-PCR test; (3) completing informed consent; (4) passing less than 48 h since the patient's hospitalization; (5) no skin or gastrointestinal allergies due to taking multivitamin supplements, vitamin D, and magnesium; and (6) having more than 30 breaths per minute and less than 93% oxygen saturation in room air and sea level. Patients are excluded if they have any of the following conditions: (1) pregnancy or lactation; (2) taking a daily multivitamin or take a vitamin D or magnesium supplement in the last month; (3) participating in other clinical trials; (4) renal failure or dialysis, severe liver disease or cirrhosis; (5) known diagnosis of hypercalcemia; (6) discharging from the hospital less than 24 h after the start of the intervention; (7) history of kidney stones in the last year; (8) transfer the patient to the ICU; (9) baseline vitamin D levels above 80 ng/ml; (10) baseline magnesium levels above 2.6 mg/dl; and (11) unwillingness of the patient to continue the study. Intervention and comparator Participants will be randomly allocated to one of the four following groups: (A) vitamin D (two 50,000 IU capsules at the beginning of the study, two 50,000 IU capsules on the 4th day, one 50,000 IU capsule on the 11th day, and one 50,000 IU capsule on the 17th day) and magnesium supplement (300 mg/day); (B) vitamin D capsule and magnesium placebo; (C) magnesium supplement and vitamin D placebo; and (D) vitamin D placebo and magnesium placebo. Main outcomes The resolution of clinical symptoms (fever, dry cough, shortness of breath, headache, myalgia, oxygen saturation, and mortality rate) and interpretation of laboratory assays (CRP, MDA, TAC, WBC, neutrophils count, lymphocytes count, ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes, levels of 25 hydroxyvitamin D and magnesium) will be assessed in the study groups. Randomization A computer-generated block randomization list is used for randomization. Blinding (masking) Investigators and patients are blinded to group allocation and treatment. A double-blind design is achieved using matched placebos. Numbers to be randomized (sample size) A total of 104 eligible patients are randomized into four groups of 26 subjects (1:1:1:1 allocation ratio). Discussion With the rapid prevalence of COVID-19 in recent years, more attention has been paid to effective dietary supplementation to improve clinical symptoms and biochemical parameters in these patients. To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the effects of vitamin D supplementation in combination with magnesium or alone with respect to this infectious disease. The findings of the current RCT will provide evidence regarding the effectiveness of dietary supplementation strategies to improve COVID-19 outcomes. Trial status Ethical approval of the first version of the study protocol was obtained from the medical ethics committee of Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran on May 30, 2021 (IR.HUMS.REC.1400.085). Currently, the recruitment phase is ongoing since August 23, 2021, and is anticipated to be complete by the end of August 2022. Trial registration The study protocol was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials ( https://www.irct.ir ; IRCT20210702051763N1) on August 14, 2021. https://www.irct.ir/trial/57413 Full protocol The full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol.

In this paper, the problem of simultaneous stabilization of a collection of nonlinear systems is proposed by using the Takagi-Sugeno (TS) fuzzy modeling and synthesis approach. In practice, due to the uncertainty in the system model, failure modes, or different operating points, we often encounter the problem of simultaneous stabilization. The TS fuzzy model has been considered for the controller design of complex nonlinear systems as it provides a simple and effective concept. This problem refers to the stabilization of some nonlinear systems by utilizing a single nonlinear controller. Both state feedback and output feedback controllers are designed based on the PDC concept and by solving some linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Moreover, to reduce the conservatisms related to using the common Lyapunov function and restrictive equality conditions in the design method, Finsler’s lemma has been employed. Finally, three numerical examples are provided to show that the proposed controllers stabilize well-considered nonlinear systems.

Abstract Background ATP-binding cassette transporters A1/G1 (ABCA1/G1) is a main regulator of HDL (high-density lipoprotein) formation and reverse cholesterol transport. Impaired ABCA1/G1 genes function may seriously affect cholesterol homeostasis, leading to increased risk of cardiovascular disease. In the present study, the association of ABCA1/G1 genes methylation status with the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), risk factors of CAD, and serum level of lipid parameters was investigated. This study was conducted on 70 CAD patients and 40 control subjects. All CAD subjects with diabetes mellitus were excluded. The promoter methylation status of ABCA1/G1 genes was determined by the methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MS-PCR) method and serum lipid parameters were assessed using commercial kits. Results ABCA1 promoter methylation was higher in CAD group compared to the control participants (80% vs. 60%). Hypermethylation of the ABCA1 gene significantly increases the risk of CAD in the total population (OR 3.886, 95% CI (1.181–12.791), p = 0.026). ABCG1 methylation status showed no difference between CAD and control subjects. In addition, no significant association was noted between methylation status of ABCA1/G1 and serum level of lipid profile. Conclusions Altogether, our study shows that ABCA1 gene promoter hypermethylation may increase the risk of CAD, which may help identify people at risk of developing CAD.

Mobile phones utilize multiple technologies in order to provide services for users. USSD, is one of the most used technologies, which has been used by mobile phone users in recent years. The aim of this paper is to analyze evolution of its development and application in Iran from 2011 to 2021 by an institutional approach. Moreover, this study includes analysis on how institutional players influenced USSD technology development and utilization. Findings are categorized into four periods of introduction to the market, growth through the market, limitations and challenges, and stagnation. Each period is analyzed from practical, policy, business, economic and political aspects. To collect data, 10 experts were interviewed. Besides, documents, reports, events, media news, rules and regulations related to the USSD were analyzed. Findings indicate that over the first and second period, institutions and players have positive impact on scaling up the application of technology in the market. However, in the subsequent periods, USSD technology negatively affected by central bank restrictive regulations and reorientation of banking and payment service providers, resulting from a new powerful alternative namely mobile internet. Findings also present policy suggestions and implications for policy-making on how face new technologies as well as future research avenues for policy researchers.