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In this paper the possibility of using the Xiaomi 4K action cameras as a low-cost sensor for the generation of high resolution documentation of architecture and architectural elements in the field of Cultural Heritage was analysed. For that purpose a series of images was acquired together with tachometric measurements to determine the ground control points. Additionally TLS data was collected, which was treated as a reference. For the purpose of point cloud generation the Structure-from-motion (SfM) and Multi- View Stereo (MVS) approaches were used. The following parameters of the collected data and the resulting documentation were tested: the interior orientation parameters analysis, quality of the Xiaomi built-in Lenses Distortion Correction; the accuracy of the orientation on ground control and check points, the point cloud density; the flatness of the walls; the discrepancies between point clouds derived from the low-cost cameras and TLS data, shape of the architectural details based on cross-section analysis. After the analysis of the obtained results it can be concluded that the Xiaomi 4K low-cost sensors are well suited for the purpose of documentation of architecture and architectural details. All the data for the presented investigation were acquired at the baroque residence of the Bieliński Palace in Otwock Wielki in Poland.

At present, digital documentation recorded in the form of raster or vector files is the obligatory way of inventorying historical objects. Today, photogrammetry is becoming more and more popular and is becoming the standard of documentation in many projects involving the recording of all possible spatial data on landscape, architecture, or even single objects. Low-cost sensors allow for the creation of reliable and accurate three-dimensional models of investigated objects. This paper presents the results of a comparison between the outcomes obtained when using three sources of image: low-cost Xiaomi cameras, a full-frame camera (Canon 5D Mark II) and middle-frame camera (Hasselblad-Hd4). In order to check how the results obtained from the two sensors differ the following parameters were analysed: the accuracy of the orientation of the ground level photos on the control and check points, the distribution of appointed distortion in the self-calibration process, the flatness of the walls, the discrepancies between point clouds from the low-cost cameras and references data. The results presented below are a result of co-operation of researchers from three institutions: the Systems Research Institute PAS, The Department of Geodesy and Cartography at the Warsaw University of Technology and the National Museum in Warsaw.

Abstract Objective: Despite growing recognition of gaming disorder as a mental disorder, there is still debate about how best to screen for it. This is especially relevant in countries where prevalence studies that could support evidence-based policymaking have not yet been conducted. This study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Ten-Item Internet Gaming Disorder Test (IGDT-10) and to explore its association with functional impairment. Methods: An online convenience sample of 805 Brazilian adults who reported playing games completed the adapted version of the IGDT-10 and the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0), as well as the Problematic Internet Use Questionnaire (PIUQ), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), and a socio-demographic questionnaire. Results: The Brazilian Portuguese version of the IGDT-10 demonstrated a unidimensional structure in both confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses with satisfactory internal consistency and adequate temporal stability. Participants who scored five or more on the IGDT-10 presented higher levels of functional impairment compared to those who scored positive for four symptoms or fewer. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant with a moderate effect size. Network analysis showed a direct connection between IGDT-10 scores and functional impairment and identified "negative consequences" as the most relevant item connecting these variables. Conclusion: The IGDT-10 is a brief, easy-to-understand, valid, and reliable instrument, proving to be a suitable candidate for screening gaming disorder in future epidemiological studies.

Text messaging is the primary form of technology-mediated interpersonal contact and the most carried out activity on cell phones. Despite its advantages, text messaging is not exempt from risks. The present paper aimed to validate and expand the psychometric properties of the Self-perception of Text-message Dependency Scale (STDS) in a Brazilian sample of adult internet users. In this cross-sectional study, we recruited a convenience sample of Brazilian internet users aged 18 and over. A total of 1,642 (M.sub.age = 38.6, SD = 13.5; 73% female) participants completed the STDS, the Mobile Phone Problem Usage Scale-27 (MPPUS), and the Problematic Internet Use Questionnaire - Short form - 9 questionnaires (PIUQ-SF-9). Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis showed measurement invariance for gender and age. Internal consistency was high when accessed by both McDonalds' Omega and Cronbach's alpha. Network Analysis provided insights into the core symptoms of problematic text messaging. Convergent validity of the STDS was demonstrated by the subscale's correlation with MPPUS and PIUQ-SF-9. Due to its expanded psychometric properties and brevity, the STDS can be used in more comprehensive investigations about other excessive technology-related behaviors, such as problematic smartphone and internet use, allowing a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in problematic technology use., Author(s): Daniel Tornaim Spritzer [sup.1] , André Luiz Monezi Andrade [sup.2] , Aurora Zamora Xavier [sup.1] , Gabriel Teixeira da Silva [sup.2] , Hyoun S. Kim [sup.3] , Katarzyna Kaliszewska-Czeremska [...]

License to practice the profession as a pharmacist in Poland has a person who has graduated at least five years of studies, including six months of traineeship in a pharmacy. Traineeship takes place in a pharmacy that has received positive opinions from the provincial pharmaceutical inspector and the district pharmacy self-government. A Student who realise traineeship performs tasks according to the professional practice program under the direct supervision of a supervisor. The professional activities that a student must learn as part of professional practice include dispensing medicinal products from a pharmacy. There is a risk of making a mistake. Errors made in a pharmacy may pose a risk to the health and life of patients, and may also have financial consequences. This work is an attempt to examine pharmacy practice in the area of drug dispensing safety. The main aim of the study is to assess pharmacy practice, attitudes and opinions of trainees on the causes, consequences and prevention of errors when dispensing medicinal products. The in-depth interview method was used. The studied group were sixth-year pharmacy students of the Medical University of Gdańsk undergoing a 6-month professional traineeship in generally available pharmacies. The interviews were conducted using a previously developed framework interview script. The interview recordings were listened to by at least 3 people each within a period not exceeding two weeks. Then, each interview was transcribed using the intelligent transcription model. The transcript of each interview was read by three researchers, who were students associated with the Pharmaceutical Law Student Scientific Club of MUG. Initial coding was performed into five categories created a priori. In the first stage, an in vivo coding technique was used, then a second coding cycle called "Pattern coding" was carried out. The interviews were anonymized when transcribing them. The study showed that the similarity of packaging and names is the main reason for errors during the shipment of medicines. The most common errors involve dispensing a different dose or form of the drug. High awareness of patients about their own pharmacotherapy increases its safety. Moreover, it was confirmed that the functionality of the e-prescription and the appropriate pharmacy program minimize errors during the expedition. Despite the implementation of various procedures and solutions aimed at increasing security, sometimes errors are detected with a delay or are ignored. Students doing traineeship in pharmacies complain about the lack of adequate preparation and support. The study showed that a six-month professional traineeship in a pharmacy, despite legal regulations, is an area that is insufficiently researched and insufficiently supervised in the student education process. The study showed that the similarity of packaging and names is the main reason for errors during the shipment of medicines. The most common errors involve dispensing a different dose or form of the drug High awareness of patients about their own pharmacotherapy increases its safety. Moreover, it was confirmed that the functionality of the e-prescription and the appropriate pharmacy program minimize errors during the expedition. Despite the implementation of various procedures and solutions aimed at increasing security, sometimes errors are detected with a delay or are ignored. Students doing internships in pharmacies complain about the lack of adequate preparation and support. The study showed that a six-month professional internship in a pharmacy, despite legal regulations, is an area that is insufficiently researched and insufficiently supervised in the student education process.

Nitroaromatics seldom fluoresce. The importance of electron-deficient (n-type) conjugates, however, has inspired a number of strategies for suppressing the emission-quenching effects of the strongly electron-withdrawing nitro group. Here, we demonstrate how such strategies yield fluorescent nitroaryl derivatives of dipyrrolonaphthyridinedione (DPND). Nitro groups near the DPND core quench its fluorescence. Conversely, nitro groups placed farther from the core allow some of the highest fluorescence quantum yields ever recorded for nitroaromatics. This strategy of preventing the known processes that compete with photoemission, however, leads to the emergence of unprecedented alternative mechanisms for fluorescence quenching, involving transitions to dark nπ* singlet states and aborted photochemistry. Forming nπ* triplet states from ππ* singlets is a classical pathway for fluorescence quenching. In nitro-DPNDs, however, these ππ* and nπ* excited states are both singlets, and they are common for nitroaryl conjugates. Understanding the excited-state dynamics of such nitroaromatics is crucial for designing strongly fluorescent electron-deficient conjugates.

HISTORICAL DISCOURSES OF THE BALTIC STATES AS AN INSTRUMENT FOR THE PROTECTION OF YOUNG DEMOCRACIES AFTER THE COLLAPSE OF THE USSR: SELECTED ASPECTS The aim of the article is to discuss selected elements of the historical policy of the Baltic states, tracing the process of shaping their official historical discourse – from post-Soviet nationalist narratives and the glorification of interwar independence to the pro-Western freedom narrative. The starting point of the research is the hypothesis that the top-down memorisation processes of the Baltic states, the centre of which were anti-Sovietism and nationalism, were an effective instrument for protecting the young democratic systems in the Baltic Sea against both the neo-imperial attempts of Putin’s Russia and the autocratic inclinations characteristic of other countries created after the collapse of the USSR.

Celem niniejszego artykułu uczyniono identyfikację dziecięcych sposobów rozumienia i interpretowania książki Powieki Michała Rusinka. Materiał do badania (poprzedzonego analizą ikonotekstu) zapewniły zajęcia edukacyjne, przeprowadzone w oddziale przedszkolnym w jednej ze społecznych szkół podstawowych w Łodzi. Badanie zostało osadzone w paradygmacie jakościowym (obserwacja uczestnicząca), a badacze przyjęli rolę interpretacyjnie zaangażowanych obserwatorów-jako-uczestników. Analizując przebieg warsztatu, wypowiedzi i konkretyzacje plastyczne udało się zidentyfikować dziecięce interpretacje kategorii bohaterów, relacji między nimi oraz świata, w którym żyją. Podczas spotkania z pracą Rusinka ujawnił się potencjał interpretacyjny, dotykający przede wszystkim wymiaru emocjonalno-społecznego. Uczestnicy proponowali również alternatywne rozwiązania fabularne na podstawie fragmentów historii o myszach będących w niebezpieczeństwie, dzięki czemu zredukowane zostały napięcia, powstałe w wyniku obcowania z obciążającą emocjonalnie tematyką. Organizowanie sytuacji edukacyjnych wokół książki Powieki wpisuje się w namysł nad sposobami konfrontowania dzieci z wymagającymi zagadnieniami, będącymi na krawędzi kulturowego tabu. Sposób przyjęcia omawianego tekstu otwiera drogę do ponownego sięgnięcia po niego na etapie edukacji wczesnoszkolnej.

Abstract Africa has undergone a progressive aridification during the last 20 My that presumably impacted organisms and fostered the evolution of life history adaptations. We test the hypothesis that shift to living in ant nests and feeding on ant brood by larvae of phyto‐predaceous Lepidochrysops butterflies was an adaptive response to the aridification of Africa that facilitated the subsequent radiation of butterflies in this genus. Using anchored hybrid enrichment we constructed a time‐calibrated phylogeny for Lepidochrysops and its closest, non‐parasitic relatives in the Euchrysops section (Poloyommatini). We estimated ancestral areas across the phylogeny with process‐based biogeographical models and diversification rates relying on time‐variable and clade‐heterogeneous birth‐death models. The Euchrysops section originated with the emerging Miombo woodlands about 22 million years ago (Mya) and spread to drier biomes as they became available in the late Miocene. The diversification of the non‐parasitic lineages decreased as aridification intensified around 10 Mya, culminating in diversity decline. In contrast, the diversification of the phyto‐predaceous Lepidochrysops lineage proceeded rapidly from about 6.5 Mya when this unusual life history likely first evolved. The Miombo woodlands were the cradle for diversification of the Euchrysops section, and our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that aridification during the Miocene selected for a phyto‐predaceous life history in species of Lepidochrysops, with ant nests likely providing caterpillars a safe refuge from fire and a source of food when vegetation was scarce.

The paper is concerned with clustering with respect to the shape and size of 2D contours that are boundaries of cross-sections of 3D objects of revolution. We propose a number of similarity measures based on combined disparate Procrustes analysis (PA) and dynamic time warping (DTW) distances. A motivation and the main application for this study comes from archaeology. The computational experiments performed refer to the clustering of archaeological pottery.

Abstract Background It is only recently that written sources of local knowledge on plants are not being ignored by scholars as not belonging to “traditional” knowledge. Ethnobotanical texts, however, if they at all focus on knowledge from written sources, hardly ever pay any attention to the actual processes of interaction with written texts and illustrations. During our research, we examined people’s interactions with texts, illustrations, and herbarium specimens of plants they collect or are familiar with. We focused on a small community of Shiri people in the mountainous village and in the lowland settlements in the Republic of Daghestan, Russia. In the paper, we address the following questions: how do Shiri people interact with illustrations, written text, and herbaria specimens? How is this interaction influenced by the practice of plant collection? What are the methodological implications of the ways people interact with illustrations, texts, and herbaria specimens? Methods Our research was based on long-term ethnographic fieldwork: co-designing of a booklet showing edible plants people collect in Shiri, semi-structured interviews, and video-recordings, and observing interactions between people and text/illustrations/voucher specimens. Results We identified three kinds of interactions between individuals and text/illustrations: “text-wayfaring”—predominantly a bodily interaction between an individual and illustrations and text; “fact/spelling checking”—predominantly discursive and information focused; “between wayfaring and fact-checking”—the mix of the two. Using the idea of textual poaching, as well as the knowledge-making approach, we show that the mode of interaction with text/illustrations influences what is acquired, and how. This process influences readers’ LEK. The mere presence of an information in the text available to people does not imply that they will acquire it, make use of it, and change their LEK. Photographs and pressed specimens of locally known plants are often not (or only partly) recognized by the interlocutors. Video-recording is essential for analyzing the above mentioned interactions. Conclusions In ethnobotanical research, it is important to pay more attention to people’s interaction with their sources of knowledge, including text and illustrations. The discursive part of LEK is more easily influenced by written sources. The practice of plant collection is not as easily influenced. Ethnobotanists function in a particular context and are embedded in discourses oriented towards conservation of bio-cultural diversity that value heritage as such, so it is important to be aware of one’s positionality. A methodology that relies on showing pressed specimens or photographs to interlocutors may be a very misleading way of collecting ethnobotanical data.