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Malang Regency produced 690,136 tons banana in 2016. The banana production is in line with the waste (banana stalks). Banana stalks contain 83.3% cellulose and 2.97% lignin, of which can be used as raw material for paperboard making. However, the banana leaf paper has a low tensile strength of 7.45 N/mm2, so additional fibers to strengthen the paper is necessary, such as coconut coir which has a tensile strength of 46.67 N/mm2. This research aimed to formulate the material for paper making, such as the fiber source (banana fronds and coconut coir), filler (tapioca), and water to produce paperboard with minimal costs. The research was conducted using a linear programming method with LINDO software. The formulation of a sheet of cardboard produced was 34.79 g of dry banana stalks, 19.20 g of coconut coir, 6.00 g of tapioca, 136.08 g of NaOH, 2080 mL of distilled water, and 1000 mL of water with manufacturing cost of IDR 6,931.15. The paper characteristics has gramature of 323.8 g/m2, moisture content of 19.75%, water absorption test of 743.2 g/m2, tensile resistance of 1.4 kN/m, and stiffness of 5.7 mN.m.

Kertas seni (art paper) adalah produk kertas hasil kerajinan tangan yang bertekstur kasar, serat nampak, dan warna beragam. Kertas seni juga dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu media pemanfaatan limbah pertanian berupa serat bukan kayu seperti pelepah pisang. Pelepah pisang (Musa paradisiaca) adalah bagian dari tanaman pisang yang mengandung selulosa diatas 80% sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku kertas seni. Pada proses pembuatan kertas dilakukan proses delignifikasi yang bertujuan untuk menghilangkan lignin pada bahan yang dapat menyebabkan kertas bertekstur kaku dan berwarna kecoklatan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Respon Surface menggunakan software Design Expert 10.0.1 yang bertujuan untuk memperoleh perlakuan optimum proses delignifikasi pelepah pisang. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan yaitu Rancangan Komposit Terpusat, terdiri dari 2 faktor yaitu konsentrasi NaOH (%) dan waktu pemasakan (menit). Kombinasi perlakuan yang dilakukan yaitu untuk konsentrasi NaOH menggunakan perlakuan 1%, 2% dan 3%, sedangkan lama waktu pemasakan menggunakan perlakuan selama 90 menit, 120 menit dan 150 menit. Titik optimum hasil delignifikasi pelepah pisang memperoleh hasil perlakuan konsentrasi NaOH 3% dan lama waktu pemasakan 128,413 menit menghasilkan kadar lignin sebesar 2,637% dan kadar selulosa sebesar 80,713 %. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut pelepah pisang dapat dijadikan kertas seni dengan proses delignifikasi untuk memutus rantai ikatan lignin sehingga dapat memperkuat ikatan pulp.

Art paper is a handicraft product made from fibers derived from plants. Plants that are used as the basic material for making art paper are plants that contain cellulose. One of plants that can be used as the basis for art paper are reeds. Reeds is one type of grass plant that can grow on land that has moist or dry characteristics. The aim of this research is making best-quality art paper from reed waste in order to tackle the environmental problem aftermath production process in reed drink industry. The laboratory activity of this research was carried out in August 2021 in laboratory of Universitas Brawijaya. For analysis, Design Expert 10 software with Response Surface method was used to get the optimum treatment in the process of delignification of reeds. There were two factors used in the Response Surface method, namely the raw material of reeds is the concentration of acetic acid with 85%, 90%, and 95% and cooking time of 30 minutes, 60 minutes, and 90 minutes. The optimum point of reeds delignification was the treatment with a 92.50% of acetic acid concentration and cooking time of 65.87 minutes which obtained cellulose and lignin of 77.501% and 7.352% respectively.

Indonesia is one of the countries with an extraordinary natural wealth of plants, one of which is mushroom plants. Button mushroom is one type of mushroom that most people favour. PT. S is a company that produces button mushroom products. The company performs demand forecasting using qualitative methods to fulfil consumer demand, benefiting production, raw material, and planting planning. This research aimed to compare the result of demand forecasting for 2021 by the company and demand forecasting using the ARIMA method as quantitative forecasting. The best ARIMA model was ARIMA (1,1,1) with a p-value of 0.000 and an MSE of 1.32. The results of demand forecasting using the ARIMA method were closer to the actual data than that of by the company. The total actual sales data from January – April 2021 is 150,958 kg. The difference between the total actual sales data and demand forecasting using the qualitative method is 2,277 kg, meanwhile, the difference between the total actual sales data and demand forecasting using the ARIMA method is 596 kg.

The main product of mature coconuts is coconut meat, while its by-products consisting of coconut water, shell fiber and coir. Coconut coir contains 75% fiber and 25% cork. The high value of fiber in coconut coir provides an opportunity to be utilized in making paper. Coconut fiber has a cellulose content of 26.6%-43.44% and lignin of 29.4%-45.84%. Due to the high lignin content, delignification process should be carried out which can be done using sodium hydroxide (NaOH). This study aims to obtain the optimal point of addition of NaOH and cooking time to produce optimal cellulose and lignin levels in the delignification of the mature coconut fiber pulping process. The research method uses the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with two factors and two optimized responses. The experimental design was performed with a central composite design. The variables involved were NaOH concentration (5-15%) and cooking time (90-150 minutes). Two responses studied were lignin and cellulose content. The combination of these treatments produces the optimum point of NaOH concentration of 5% and cooking time of 150 minutes, resulting in 15.56% lignin content and 37.29 % cellulose content.

Cardboard is one type of paper that has a grammatic value above 200 g/m2. Controlling the quality of competing products is important to improve product competitiveness. The purpose of this study was to analyze carboard quality and provide improvements at PT. Y Kediri East Java. The research methods used were MEWMA (Multivariate Exponentially Weighted Moving Average) and MEWMV (Multivariate Exponentially Weighted Moving Variance). The data used were nine variables of quality of cardboard, that were grammage, thickness, pull resistance, PS surface smoothness, BS surface smoothness, print surface smoothness, oil print, PS color, and BS color, with a time span between 2016 and 2018. Data were taken for ICB 230, ICB 210, WHI 230 and ICB 250 type of cardboard. From the MEWMV control chart, the types of ICB 230, ICB 210, WHI 230, and ICB 250 successively have out-of-control points of 19, 10, 6, and 5, while in the MEWMA control, types of ICB 230, ICB 230, ICB 210, WHI 230, and ICB 250 respectively have out of control points of 13, 9, 9, and 6. The main causes of product defects were repeated machine configurations and uneven spraying of pulp, and dew dripping over the production machine. In addition, other causes were adhesives and coating materials which were too thick/runny, and materials which were not suitable for production enter the process. Some suggestions for improvement that can be done are placing filters at the entrance of the coating material, and adjusting the temperature of the production machine’s environment.

PT X Indonesia is one of the foreign companies from South Korea that engaged in producing additional ingredients for animal feed. Located in Pasuruan-East Java, PT X is one of the industries producing L-Lysine and L-Tryptophan essential amino acids. L-Lysine and L-Tryptophan products are stimulants for animal feed which are exported to several countries. The planning of the production process is based on requests from the headquarters of PT X Indonesia in South Jakarta, Indonesia. To meet the needs of export products to several countries, PT X requires careful planning in providing the products. One of the determining factors in planning and providing products accurately, effectively, and efficiently is demand forecasting. This study aimed to forecast the export demand of L-Lysine. Historical data used for forecasting was time-series data from September 2019 to January 2020. The best ARIMA model combination chosen for forecasting was (1,0,1) because both the p-values for the AR and MA models are significant and it has the smallest Mean Square Error (MSE). Forecasting results use the ARIMA model showed that L-Lysine export for four weeks was in a range of 2,596.47 tons to 2,597.5 tons with a total of 10,387.9 tons and an average of 2,596.975 tons per week.

Tanaman jagung merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman pangan biji-bijian dari keluarga rumput-rumputan. Salah satu jenis jagung yang menjadi komoditas unggulan adalah jagung manis. PT Bisi International Tbk adalah produsen benih jagung, beras hibrida dan benih sayuran di Indonesia. Pengendalian mutu merupakan bagian dari manajemen mutu yang difokuskan pada pemenuhan persyaratan mutu. Dengan kata lain, pengendalian mutu adalah suatu tahapan dalam prosedur yang dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi suatu aspek teknis pengujian dan/atau kalibrasi. Pengendalian mutu produk akhir dilakukan pada benih hasil proses ayak gravity , work in process (WIP), dan benih siap packing . Pengendalian mutu meliputi uji kadar air, uji refraksi, dan uji daya tumbuh. Standar kadar air maksimal pada benih jagung manis PT BISI International Tbk. adalah 10%. Waktu pelaksanaan pengujian dilakukan mulai tanggal 27 Januari 2016 hingga 4 Februari 2016. Bahan yang digunakan dalam pengujian ini adalah benih jagung manis. Alat yang digunakan untuk pengujian ini adalah untuk uji kadar air: Moisture Tester dan blanko validasi, uji refraksi: pinset, timbangan digital, kertas alas, raw data purity & refraction analysis , uji daya tumbuh: kertas CDplano, plastik, karet gelang, raw data vigor & germination , pensil, dan germinator. Uji kadar air dengan menggunakan alat Moisture Tester . Dari 4 sampel yang digunakan, uji kadar air hanya menggunakan salah satu sampel. Hal ini karena diasumsikan bahwa sampel diambil dari varietas dan job yang sama, sehingga kadar air pada salah satu sampel dapat mewakili kadar air seluruh sampel. Pada pengujian kadar air dilakukan 2 kali ulangan. Uji refraksi atau kemurnian fisik dilakukan dengan metode sortir manual. Uji refraksi dengan sortir manual dilakukan dengan cara menghamparkan benih diatas kertas alas dan diamati secara teliti berdasarkan kriteria refraksi yang sudah ditentukan. Uji vigor dan daya tumbuh dengan metode Uji Kertas Digulung dalam plastik (UKDdp). Uji vigor dan daya tumbuh dilakukan dengan mengecambahkan benih diatas media tumbuh kertas CDplano dengan 4 ulangan pada setiap perlakuan. Dari hasil pengamatan tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa benih jagung manis yang lolos gravity memiliki kualitas paling baik.

Glukosamin (C 6 H 13 NO 5 ) atau (3R,4R,5S)-3-Amino-6-(hidroksimetil) oksana-2.4.5-triol atau 2-Amino-2-deoksiglukosa merupakan gula amino dan prekursor penting dalam sintesis biokimia . Glukosamin dapat berfungsi sebagai obat osteoarthritis dan rematik. Glukosamin terkandung dalam biji buah siwalan ( Borassus flabellifer L.) yang banyak tersebar di wilayah Jawa Timur dan Jawa Tengah bagian timur, Madura, Bali, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Nusa Tenggara Timur, dan Sulawesi. Penelitian ini menggunakan Metode Respon Permukaan yaitu Rancangan Komposit Terpusat ( Central Composit Design ) dengan menggunakan dua faktor yaitu konsentrasi NH 4 Cl dan lama perendaman. Digunakan NH 4 Cl 2 M sebagai batas bawah dan 4 M sebagai batas atas, sedangkan waktu ekstraksi selama 6 jam sebagai batas bawah dan 24 jam sebagai batas atas. Kedua faktor tersebut menghasilkan sebanyak 13 perlakuan. Respon dari penelitian ini adalah kadar, pH dan rendemen glukosamin. Model hubungan pengaruh antara konsentrasi NH 4 Cl dan lama waktu perendaman terhadap kadar dan rendemen glukosamin siwalan adalah model linier, sehingga tidak bisa ditentukan solusi optimum untuk masing-masing faktor. Namun yang ditemukan adalah respon terbesar yang terdapat pada konsentrasi NH 4 Cl 4 M dan lama perendaman 24 jam dengan kadar glukosamin 858,772 ppm, pH glukosamin 4,383 dan rendemen glukosamin 0,285%. Ekstrak glukosamin hasil respon terbesar ini memiliki ciri fisik larut dalam air, sedikit larut dalam methanol, dan berwarna coklat.

Betel nut (Areca catechu L.) fibre is regarded as waste containing of 70.2% cellulose, 10.92% water, and 6.02% ash. In direct utilisation of areca nut, certain innovation is required, one of which ...

Apple juice is a typical product of Batu City, one of the product is Flamboyan apple juice produced by PT Batu Bhumi Suryatama. The quality of apple juice products needs to be maintained so that the consumers’ trust is not lost. The purpose of this study is to determine the quality of Flamboyan apple juice compared to the SNI of fruit juice, get the T2 Hotelling control chart and determine the alternative improvements. This study uses the T2 Hotelling control chart. The test results show that all variables are good compared to the fruit juice national standard which is the SNI 3719:2014. The T2 Hotelling control diagram shows that the variable of dissolved solids and caramel dyes are under control. The pH variable is used as an input of X - Son the control diagram. The results of the control diagram show that 9 points are out of control so that it needs to be revised up to three times. The treatment of each production is always the same so that the uncontrolled pH value is caused by the raw materials. The improvement in pH of apple juice can be done using apples with the same specifications. Companies need to make the acceptance standards for apples with a level of maturity that tends to be the same.

Batu City is a city with abundant agricultural and fruit commodities, in particular apple. Apple juice drink is a fruit juice drink prepared from apples with the addition of sugar and citric acid. One producer of apple cider in Batu City is PT XYZ. The effectiveness of the production process in a company has strongly related to the needs of raw materials. The planning activity for raw material requirements can be applied if future sales projections have been obtained. In this case, forecasting demand needs to be done. This study aimed to forecast the quantity of purchasing Manalagi apple as the main raw material in apple juice drink production process. Historical data of Manalagi apple purchased from January 2016 to December 2018 was used. The forecasting study was carried out for the period of January to December 2019. From the time series plot, it was found that the data for purchasing raw materials for apples was seasonal. Then, the purchasing data of the Manalagi apple was transformed twice to fulfill stationary assumptions. The best Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) model obtained was (1,1,0) (1,1,1)2 with the Mean Square Error (MSE) of 0.0106901. The model showed that the average of apple’s purchasing in 2019 was 9786.1 kg/month, with the highest and the lowest value 87950.2 kg (in June) and 249.3 kg (in January), respectively.

Areca nut (Areca catechu L.) is a type of palm used for commercial purposes because all parts of the plant -have high economic value. Areca nut fibre contains 53.2% cellulose and therefore, it can potentially be used as raw material for pulp for paper craft. Bleaching is conducted in order to make colourful paper craft. Some factors to be taken into account while bleaching the paper craft are levels of chemicals used for bleaching and length of bleaching time. The purpose of this study was to determine H2O2 level and optimum bleaching time to create quality paper from areca fibres and cardboard paper. Quality of the paper was evaluated based on tensile strength, thickness, grammage and brightness. Response surface method (RSM) is implemented optimize the estimated response. The model used in RSM is CCD (Central Design Composite) with 2 factors, namely bleaching time and H2O2. The upper and lower limit for the first factor were 90 and 150 minutes consecutively. Those for the second factor were 5% and 15% respectively. The evaluate responses were tensile strength and brightness level. The findings showed that the most suitable combination was 150-minutes bleaching time and 15% H2O2. The combination resulted in 69.50% brightness and 14.71 kN/m2 tensile strength. In addition, the paper grammage was 282 gr/cm2, its thickness was 0.88 mm and the moisture content was 6.5.

Female workers reach 43.3 million people nowadays, which 25 million are in the reproductive age. Based on Basic Health Research, the number of nursing mothers only 42% far below the target of 80%. This study is to make instant porridge formulations for nursing mothers. The materials are Moringa leaves, soy flour, banana flour, oats, palm sugar and skim milk. This research was arranged using Linear Programming Solver 1.9.4 to determine the best formulation based on nutritional adequacy rate for nursing mothers and hedonic test to determine the level of consumer preference for the product. The optimal porridge formulation is 5 grams Moringa leaves powder, 5 grams of soy flour, 20 grams of banana flour, 25 grams of oat, 22.5 grams of palm sugar and 22.5 grams of skim milk. The hedonic test is carried out on nursing women and productive age in the area of Temas, Batu, Malang Regency with the results of taste, colour, appearance and average texture worth four which means they like the product.

Baby Java orange (Citrus sinensis) is a varietal orange juice developed in Malang Regency East Java Province. The area of baby Java cultivation in Malang Regency reaches 1000 hectare with the production rate about 24,500 annually. The orange solid waste which were thrown away were distilled to get valuable volatile oil.The research method used was randomized block design with distillation time-delay process factor for 2, 4, 6, and 8 days. Determination of the best treatment is done by performing calculations with multiple comparisons method based on refractive index response. The best treatment result was characterised using GC-MS and then compared to control volatile agent. Specific gravity was also measured for all treatments. The results of ANOVA refractive index showed that all treatments had significant difference to time-delay process. Tukey test obtained showed that the best treatment was distillation time-delay for 6 and 8 days. The highest response of refractive index was 72.60% brix, and the specific gravity for the best treatment was 0.84 g/cm3. Limonene produced from the best treatment received 100% value while from the control treatment was 96.42%.The value of limonene produced from the best treatment was 100%, while from the control treatment was 96.42%.

Tea is one of the agricultural products that has great potential to become a source of foreign exchange. One type of tea developed in Indonesia is the black tea. The market demand for black tea products changes over time and becomes more competitive. A company must have a good production activity plan to exploit opportunities optimally. Effective production planning for both long and short term is influenced by the demand forecasting. The market conditions of black tea are fluid, so forecasting demand helps companies to make decisions in determining the amount of demand for black tea in a period. Demand forecasting results are important to be carried out due to its closely relationship to production planning. This study used quantitative methods to forecast. The most suitable model of the request data is the ARIMA model (p,d,q). Historical data of export demand on black tea in 2016 - 2017 were used. The best model was obtained (1,0,0) combination to produce the most significant model with the smallest Mean Square Error (MSE). The results of forecasting increased from the previous two years with the amount of black tea export demand in 2018 amounted to 3872 tons from 3582 tons in 2017.

Demand for handycraftpaper is getting higher lately. This paper is commonly utilized as decorative paper, interior decoration, frames, and many more. Handycraftpaper making was one alternative to waste treatment and to reduce the use of wood fiber as paper raw material. Nypa palm (Nypa fruticans) petioles which is usually thrown away has the potency to be processed as pulp because it has 42.22% of cellulose and 19.85% of lignin. Delignification with chemical and microbiological methods has been executed to find out the pulp with the lowest lignin, highest cellulose and highest yield. The chemical method used NaOH 1 N (with concentration of 5, 10, 15, and 20%) and H2O2, while the microbiological method used effective microorganisms 4 (EM4) which was economical and easy to find. Fermentation time (5, 6, 7 and 8 days) was implemented as treatment. For chemical method, the treatment that produced the optimum response of lignin and cellulose was 20% of NaOH concentration, while for the microbiological method was 8 days of fermentation. Orthogonal polynomial model showed that both chemical and microbiological methods produce cellulose had linier model that P-Value was less than 0.05. For lignin response, the chemical method obtained linier model, meanwhile the microbiological method obtained quadratic linier model where P-Value was less than 0.05.

Kecamatan Ujung Pangkah Kabupaten Gresik Jawa Timur. Kerupuk yang diproduksi oleh mayoritas pengrajin adalah dalam bentuk ‘mentah’. Bahan baku pembuatan kerupuk berupa ikan sangat melimpah di desa ini dan sebagian besar masyarakatnya bermata pencaharian sebagai nelayan. Ikan yang digunakan untuk bahan baku pembuatan kerupuk adalah ikan payus, laosan dan pahat. Terdapat sekitar 10 keluarga pengrajin kerupuk ikan di Desa Pangkah Wetan yang aktif berproduksi. Kendala yang dihadapi oleh pengrajin disini rata-rata sama. Kendala yang dihadapi saat ini adalah dalam proses produksi. Alat produksi yang digunakan pengrajin dalam melakukan proses produksi semuanya masih manual. Alat produksi yang masih manual ini berdampak pula pada jam kerja yang tidak efektif serta hasil produksi yang dihasilkan tidak maksimal. Kemasan kerupuk dapat dikatakan kurang menarik. Pengemasnya berupa kantong plastik ukuran 0.5 kg, kemudian ditutup dengan staples atau karet gelang, tanpa ada informasi sama sekali mengenai berat bersih maupun komposisi bahan. Teknologi yang diintroduksi kepada pengrajin melalui fasilitasi alat berupa mesin pencampur adonan kerupuk, mesin pencetak adonan kerupuk lontongan, mesin pemotong adonan lontongan dan hand sealer (pengemas) memenuhi syarat LLM (Low Technology, Low Investment dan Markettable). Selain itu dilaksanakan pelatihan perbaikan bentuk produk serta kemasan produk dengan memberikan materi pentingnya kemasan yang baik dan informasi apa saja yang harus tercantum pada kemasan produk. Monitoring dan evaluasi dilakukan secara internal dan eksternal untuk memantau kekonsistenan dan kendala pemakaian alat produksi yang telah ditrensfer ke UKM mitra.

The part of Areca Palm (Areca catechu) that economical is the seed. It is commercially available in dried, cured and fresh forms, while the fibre is usually thrown away. Cellulose fibers from agricultural waste can be utilized as raw material for handicraft paper. Laboratory research showed that Areca palm fibre contained 70.2% of cellulose, 10.92% of water, and 6.02% of ash. This indicated that Areca palm fibre is very potential to be processed as handicraft paper. Handicraft paper is made of wastepaper or plants which cointain celluloce to produce rough-textured paper. In order to obtain preferred sensory quality of handicraft paper such as color, fiber appearance and texture as well as good physical quantity such as tensile strength, tear resistance and grammage, the addition of wastepaper to provide secondary fibre and sometimes adhesive are needed in making handicraft paper. Handicraft paper making was one alternative to treat the solid waste and to reduce the use of wood fiber as paper raw material. The aim of this study is to compare the two most famous method, i.e. Federer and Gomez Method, for calculate the number of replications. This study is preliminary research before do the research in order to get the best treatment to produce handicraft paper. The Gomez method calculates fewer replications than the Federer method. Based on data simulation the error generated using 3 replicates of 0.0876 while using 2 replicates of 0.1032.