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In this study, 21 synthetic hexaploid wheat samples were analyzed and compared for phenolic content (the Folin–Ciocalteu method), phenolic compositions, and antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS, and CUPRAC). The aim of the study was to determine the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of synthetic wheat lines developed from Ae. Tauschii, which has a wide genetic diversity, to be used in breeding programs for developing new varieties with better nutritional properties. Bound, free, and total phenolic contents (TPCs) of wheat samples were determined as 145.38–258.55 mg GAE/100 g wheat, 188.19–369.38 mg GAE/100 g wheat, and 333.58–576.93 mg GAE/100 g wheat, respectively. Phenolic compositions were detected by the HPLC system. Gallic acid was found in the highest concentrations in free fractions, whereas gallic, p-coumaric acid, and chlorogenic acid were generally found in the highest concentrations in bound fractions of the synthetic hexaploid wheat samples. The antioxidant activities (AA%) of the wheat samples were evaluated by the DPPH assay. AA% in the free extracts of the synthetic red wheat samples ranged from 33.0% to 40.5%, and AA% values in the bound extracts of the synthetic hexaploid wheat samples varied between 34.4% and 50.6%. ABTS and CUPRAC analyses were also used to measure antioxidant activities. The ABTS values of the free and bound extracts and total ABTS values of the synthetic wheat samples ranged from 27.31 to 123.18, 61.65 to 263.23, and 93.94 to 308.07 mg TE/100 g, respectively. The corresponding CUPRAC values of the synthetic wheats were between 25.78–160.94, 75.35–308.13, and 107.51–364.79 mg TE/100 g. This study revealed that synthetic hexaploid wheat samples are valuable resources for breeding programs for developing new wheat varieties with higher concentrations and better compositions of health-beneficial phytochemicals. The samples w1 (Ukr.-Od. 1530.94/Ae. squarrosa (629)), w18 (Ukr.-Od. 1530.94/Ae. squarrosa (1027)), and w20 (Ukr.-Od. 1530.94/Ae. squarrosa (392)) can be used as a genetic resource in breeding programs to enhance the nutritional quality of wheat.

Intermediate wheatgrass (IWG; Thinopyrum intermedium), a nutritionally dense and sustainable crop, is a promising novel ingredient in bakery applications. The main aim of this study was to investigate the potential of IWG as a novel ingredient in breadmaking. The second aim was to investigate the characteristics of breads substituted with 15, 30, 45, and 60% IWG flour compared to control bread produced using wheat flour. The gluten content and quality, bread quality, bread staling, yellow pigment, and phenolic and antioxidant properties were determined. Enrichment with IWG flours significantly affected the gluten content and quality and bread characteristics. Increased levels of IWG flour substitution significantly decreased the Zeleny sedimentation and gluten index values and increased the dry and wet gluten contents. The bread yellow pigment content and crumb b* colour value increased with the increasing level of IWG supplementation. IWG addition also had a positive effect on the phenolic and antioxidant properties. Bread with 15% IWG substitution had the highest bread volume (485 mL) and lowest firmness values (654 g-force; g-f) compared to the other breads, including the control (i.e., wheat flour bread). The results indicated that IWG has great potential to be used in bread production as a novel, healthy, and sustainable ingredient.

The genetic basis of winter wheat synthetic lines for leaf rust resistance was characterized by usingmolecular approaches. Molecular screening showed the presence of the Lr10 resistance gene for 24 lines (asBezostaya 1 cvs and hybrids with it), for 4 samples-Lr13 (Zhetysu cvs and lines with participation), for 3 samplesLr16 (Karlygash cvs and lines with its participation), in 8 samples - Lr39 (Lr41) with Ae.cylindrica in the pedigree incombination with becrossing of cvs Erythrospermum 350 and cvs Steklovidnaya 24 and for 1 sample - Lr62,respectively. For 8 lines with high and partial resistance, Lr10 genes in combination with Lr39 (Lr41) and onesample with a combination of Lr10 + Lr16 genes were identified. The obtained result are consistent with thepedigree, according to which donors with these genes were used to create the studied lines. This material is avaluable source for the wheat breeding for resistance to leaf rust, identified genetically.

Spring bread wheat is the staple crop in Western Siberia and Kazakhstan, a signif icant portion of which goes for export. Wheat breeding with a high level of zinc in wheat grain is the most cost-effective and environmentally friendly way to address zinc def iciency in the diet. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the contribution of the factors 'location' and 'genotype' in the variability of zinc content in wheat grain, and to identify the best varieties as sources of this trait for breeding. The research on screening zinc content in the wheat grain of 49 spring bread wheat varieties from the Kazakhstan- Siberia Spring Wheat Trial (KASIB) nursery was carried out at 4 sites in Russia (Chelyabinsk, Omsk, Tyumen, Novosibirsk) and 2 sites in Kazakhstan (Karabalyk and Shortandy) in 2017-2018. The content of zinc in wheat grain was evaluated at the Ionomic Facility of University of Nottingham in the framework of the EU project European Plant Phenotyping Network-2020. The analysis of variance showed that the main contribution into the general phenotypic variation of the studied trait, 38.7 %, was made by the factor 'location' due to different contents of zinc and moisture in the soil of trial sites; the effect of the factor 'year' was 13.5 %, and the effect of the factor 'genotype' was 8.0 %. The most favorable environmental conditions for accumulation of zinc in wheat grain were observed in the Omsk region. In Omsk, the average zinc content in all studied varieties was 50.4 mg/kg, with 63.7 mg/ kg in the best variety 'OmGAU 100'. These values are higher than the target values of the international program Harvest Plus. 'Novosibirskaya 16' (49.4 mg/kg), 'Silach' (48.4 mg/kg), 'Line 4-10-16' (47.2 mg/ kg), 'Element 22' (46.3 mg/kg) and 'Lutescens 248/01' (46.0 mg/kg) were identif ied as being the best varieties. Signif icant possibilities for the production of wheat grain with high zinc content, which is in demand for the production of bread and pastry products with functional properties, were identif ied in the Western Siberian region.Яровая мягкая пшеница является основной культурой в Западной Сибири и Казахстане, где зна- чительная доля производимого зерна идет на экспорт. Селекция пшеницы на повышенное содержание цинка в зерне – наиболее рентабельный и экологичный способ решения проблемы дефицита цинка в рационе пи- тания. Цель настоящей работы – установить вклад факторов «пункт» и «генотип» в изменчивость содержания цинка в зерне пшеницы и выделить лучшие сорта в качестве источников данного признака для селекции. Ис- следования по скринингу накопления цинка в зерне пшеницы 49 сортов яровой мягкой пшеницы из питом- ника КАСИБ-18 проведены в четырех пунктах России (Челябинск, Омск, Тюмень, Новосибирск) и двух пунктах Казахстана (Карабалык и Шортанды) в течение 2017–2018 гг. Содержание цинка в зерне определяли на фа- культете иономики Университета г. Ноттингем в рамках проекта EPPN-2020. Результаты дисперсионного ана- лиза показали, что основной вклад в общее фенотипическое варьирование признака вносил фактор «пункт» (38.7 %) вследствие разного содержания цинка в почве и влагообеспеченности в пунктах испытания; влияние факторов «год» и «генотип» составило 13.5 и 8.0 % соответственно. Наиболее благоприятные экологические условия для получения зерна пшеницы с повышенным содержанием цинка сложились в Омской области, где в среднем по всем сортам содержание цинка было равно 50.4 мг/кг, а у лучшего сорта ОмГАУ 100 – 63.7 мг/ кг. Эти показатели выше целевых значений международной программы Harvest Plus. Выделены лучшие сорта – Новосибирская 16 (49.4 мг/кг), Силач (48.4 мг/кг), Линия 4-10-16 (47.2 мг/кг), Элемент 22 (46.3 мг/кг) и Лютес- ценс 248/01 (46.0 мг/кг). В Западно-Сибирском регионе выявлены значительные потенциальные возможности производства зерна пшеницы с повышенным содержанием цинка, востребованного для получения хлеба и кондитерских продуктов с функциональными свойствами.

Wheatgrass (Th. intermedium) has been traditionally used in wheat breeding for obtaining wheat-wheatgrass hybrids and varieties with introgressions of new genes for economically valuable traits. However, in the 1980s in the United States wheatgrass was selected from among perennial plant species as having promise for domestication and the development of dual-purpose varieties for grain (as an alternative to perennial wheat) and hay. The result of this work was the creation of the wheatgrass varieties Kernza (The Land Institute, Kansas) and MN-Clearwater (University of Minnesota, Minnesota). In Omsk State Agrarian University, the variety Sova was developed by mass selection of the most winter-hardy biotypes with their subsequent combination from the population of wheatgrass obtained from The Land Institute. The average grain yield of the variety Sova is 9.2 dt/ha, green mass is 210.0 dt/ ha, and hay is 71.0 dt/ha. Wheatgrass is a crop with a large production potential, benef icial environmental properties, and valuable grain for functional food. Many publications show the advantages of growing the Kernza variety compared to annual crops in reducing groundwater nitrate contamination, increasing soil carbon sequestration, and reducing energy and economic costs. However, breeding programs for domestication of perennial crops are very limited in Russia. This paper presents an overview of main tasks faced by breeders, aimed at enhancing the yield and cultivating wheatgrass eff iciency as a perennial grain and fodder crop. To address them, both traditional and modern biotechnological and molecular cytogenetic approaches are used. The most important task is to transfer target genes of Th. intermedium to modern wheat varieties and decrease the level of chromatin carrying undesirable genes of the wild relative. The f irst consensus map of wheatgrass containing 10,029 markers was obtained, which is important for searching for genes and their introgressions to the wheat genome. The results of research on the nutritional and technological properties of wheatgrass grain for the development of food products as well as the differences in the quality of wheatgrass grain and wheat grain are presented.Пырей средний (Th. intermedium) традиционно применялся в селекции пшеницы для получения пшенично-пырейных гибридов и сортов с интрогрессиями новых генов хозяйственно ценных признаков. Однако в 1980-х гг. в США из множества многолетних видов растений пырей был выбран для доместикации с целью создания сортов двойного направления использования – на зерно (альтернатива многолетней пшенице) и сено. В результате были выведены сорта пырея Kеrnza (The Land Institute, Канзас) и MN-Clearwater (Миннесотский университет, Миннесота). В Омском ГАУ из популяции Th. intermedium, полученной из The Land Institute, массовым отбором наиболее зимостойких биотипов с последующим их объединением создан сорт Сова. Средняя урожайность зерна сорта Сова составляет 9.2 ц/га, зеленой массы – 210.0 ц/га, сена – 71.0 ц/ га. Пырей средний – культура с большим производственным потенциалом, полезными экологическими свойствами и ценным зерном для функционального питания. Во многих публикациях показаны преимущества возделывания сорта Kеrnza по сравнению с однолетними культурами: сокращение стока нитратов в грунтовые воды, увеличение секвестрации почвенного углерода, снижение энергетических и экономических затрат. Однако в России селекционные программы, направленные на доместикацию многолетних культур, весьма ограниченны. В настоящем обзоре рассматриваются основные задачи, стоящие перед селекцией и направленные на повышение урожайности зерна и эффективности возделывания пырея среднего в качестве много- летней зерновой и кормовой культуры. Для их решения используются как традиционные, так и современные биотехнологические и молекулярно-цитогенетические подходы. Важнейшей задачей считается передача це- левых генов Th. intermedium в современные сорта пшеницы и сокращение дозы хроматина, несущего гены нежелательных признаков дикорастущего сородича. Получена первая консенсусная генетическая карта пы- рея среднего, содержащая 10 029 маркеров и представляющая интерес для поиска ценных генов и их интро- дукции в геном пшеницы. Представлены результаты исследований по оценке питательных и технологических свойств зерна пырея и полученных из него продуктов питания в сравнении с пшеницей.

The total phenolic content, phenolic compositions, and antioxidant capacity in the grain of 40 purple wheat genotypes were studied. In this study, purple wheats were investigated in terms of their composition of free and bound phenolic acids and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging capacity. The free phenolic content ranged from 164.25 to 271.05 mg GAE/100 g DW and the bound phenolic content was between 182.89–565.62 mg GAE/100 g wheat. The total phenolic content of purple wheat samples ranged from 352.65 to 771.83 mg GAE/100 g wheat. Gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, catechin, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, syringic acid, ellagic acid, m-coumaric acid, o-coumaric acid, chrysin, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, quercetin, kaempferol, rutin, sinapic acid, and chlorogenic acid were detected by HPLC system. Gallic acid, benzoic acid derivatives, and dominant phenolics, which are frequently found in cereals, were also dominant in purple wheat samples and were found in free fractions. The antioxidant capacity was assessed using the DPPH method. The antioxidant capacity (AA%) in the free phenolic extracts of the purple wheats was between 39.7% and 59.5%, and the AA% values of bound phenolic extract of the purple wheat varied between 42.6% and 62.7%. This study suggested that purple wheat samples have high phenolic compound content as antioxidant potential and therefore consumption of purple wheat-containing food products may provide health benefits.

Management of wheat stem rust in Western Siberia has gained importance since the first outbreaks in 2007–2010 and 2016. The race composition and virulence patterns were investigated for the enlarged Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt) samples collected in three neighboring regions Omsk, Novosibirsk, and Altai during 2017–2018. Most of Pgt isolates were identified as virulent to wheat lines with genes Sr5, Sr9a, Sr10, Sr38, SrMcN, and avirulent to Sr24, Sr31. Differentiation ability of genes Sr6, Sr7b, Sr8a, Sr9b, Sr9d, Sr9g, Sr9e, Sr11, Sr17, Sr21, Sr30, Sr36, and SrTmp to distinguish between the regional populations was established. A total of 33 virulence phenotypes or races were detected among 115 Pgt isolates tested. Based on virulence phenotypes, two different Pgt subpopulations were identified in the Altai and Omsk regions likely originating from asexual and sexual cycles, respectively. The Novosibirsk pathogen population seems to be a mixture of isolates originated from both neighboring regions with virulence phenotypes that developed in the west, Omsk (TKRPF, QHHSF, and MLLTF), and in the south, Altai (NFMSF, LKCSF, LKMSF, and PKCSF), of Western Siberia.

Within the program framework of the MA RK 0.0722 “Creation and implementation of cereal varieties with genetically identified stress-indicator properties based on molecular breeding, genomics and biotechnology....” in the harvest of 2015-2018 studied: a) “Emmer” block, including 6 synthetic forms of the breeder Kozhakhmetov K. (Almaty), 2 emmer varieties “Gramme” and “Pharaon” by the breeder Temirbekova S. (Moscow) and 2 common wheat varieties “Diva” and “Umai”, breeder Kushnir U. (Israel) 2 standard; b) synthetics (19 + 3 standards) and c) advanced nursery samples of wide hybridization (11). The resistance to brown rust was established (0- 5%) for varieties of emmer and wheat Diva and Umai [Lr46], as well as introgressive spring forms 6625 x T.timopheevii and Kazakhstanskaya 10 x T.dicoccum. The CVT block consisted of resistant forms with a lesion of no higher than 15% relative to the Kazakhstanskaya 10 cultivars standard (10-75%) and the presence of the Lr14 Lr46 genes, plus Lr34 for 6625 x T.timopheevii-12 and Lr68 for 6628 x T.militinae, 6628 x T.timopheevii, 6569 x T.militinae-1,2. Comprehensive resistance to two types of rust had varieties of emmer Pharaon and wheat Diva, Umai (0-5%). Of the spring wheat samples, obtained from crossing with wild relatives, 6625x T.timopheevii distinguished themselves by complex resistance, with standard varieties up to 100%. Synchronously, the stability is marked by a series of decreasing yields: Diva (4.4 q/ha) > Umai = Gremme = Kazakhstanskaya 10 x T.kiharae> 6625 x T.timopheevii (3.84.0 q/ha) in the emmer block; VEK (3.5-5.1 q/ha)> 6625 x T.timopheevii-9 (3.2-4.7 q/ha) > Gunticum (3.1-4.8 q/ha) in the CVT block.