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Introduction. An important aspect of cancer treatment today is the concept of immuno-targeted therapy, which requires a deep understanding of the characteristics of immune reactions in the body of a cancer patient. Bone marrow is the central organ of immunopoiesis, therefore, along with the study of tumor characteristics, attention is paid to the bone marrow. The study of the cellular composition of the bone marrow in some types of cancer revealed a number of features of hematopoiesis, which requires further deeper analysis.Purpose. To study the parameters of hematopoiesis in patients with primary and recurrent ovarian cancer.Materials and methods. The paper presents data from 68 patients with a verified diagnosis of primary (n = 43) and recurrent (n = 25) ovarian cancer. The study was dominated by serous adenocarcinoma of high grade. Stage I was established in 13.2 % of cases, II – in 5.9 %, III – in 60.3 %, IV – in 20.6 %. The bone marrow was harvested by puncture of the posterior iliac spine (spina iliaca posterior superior). Parameter assessment and myelogram calculation were performed by two physicians, morphologists. The content of myelokaryocytes, indicators of granulocyte, erythroid lineage, the content of lymphocytes, monocytes were analyzed, and myelogram indices were assessed. In all patients microscopy of bone marrow samples excluded metastatic lesions. Statistical data processing was performed using the SPSS Statistics v. 21 package.Results. The analysis of bone marrow samples from patients with ovarian cancer revealed differences with the norm for both primary and recurrent ovarian cancer. Most punctates were normocellular, but average myelokaryocyte count in both groups was below normal. With recurrent ovarian cancer, a reduced content of promyelocytes and metamyelocytes was noted, whereas with primary cancer, all young forms of neutrophils was below normal. An increase in segmented neutrophils without a change in the percentage of cells of the granulocytic lineage was observed in primary ovarian cancer, and in one third of the samples of bone marrow an increased number lymphocytes and monocytes were noted. With recurrent ovarian cancer lymphocytes were increased in 2/3 of samples, monocyte – in 48 %. A change in the proportion of cells of the erythroid lineage was observed in both recurrent and primary cancers: depletion of the pool of basophilic normoblasts and polychromatophils with an unchanged number of erythrokaryocytes, an increase in oxyphilic forms were noted.Conclusion. The revealed changes in hematopoiesis in ovarian cancer reflect the aggressive course of high-grade tumors, which can be considered as a result of the systemic influence of the tumor, and the obtained data can serve as the basis for a detailed immunophenotypic study of bone marrow in ovarian cancer.

The aim of the study is to analyze the characteristics of cervical stump cancer (CSC), identify the clinical and morphological factors influencing prognosis of the disease. Another aim is to study the results of CSC treatment according to the predictive factors. Materials and methods. We have analyzed the treatment results of 150 patients with FIGO stage 0-IIIB metastatic CSC (mCSC). Patients were treated in N.N.Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, over the period from 1977 to 2010. Results. We showed that statistically significant predictive factors of mCSC were regional lymph node metastases, stromal invasion greater than 1 cm in depth, stage of disease, the mixed form of tumor growth and the presence of lymph vessel tumor emboli. We also identified that the survival of the patients with histologically verified adenocarcinoma and with the spread of the tumor to the cervical stump was poor. Conclusion. We showed that the risk factors in case of mCSC were the same as in case of cervical cancer.

For the first time in Russia the immunophenotype of tumor infiltrated lymphocytes (TIL) was investigated with the use of a method of quantitative flow cytometry. Samples from 104 patients, suffering from solid tumors (such as breast cancer, ovarian cancer, melanoma and oral cavity squamous carcinoma), were analyzed in this investigation. In the difference of cytomorphological analysis, the method of flow cytometry identified TIL in 100% of cases. In the structure of CDS+Т- lymphocytes the ratio CD4/CD8 was equal to 1,1±0,1. Serial gating strategy allowed to assess minor subpopulations of regulatory T-lymphocytes CD45+CD4+CD127+low/neg and CD45+CD8+CD28-CD11b-. Regulatory mechanisms with involvement of CD8 T-cells played the main role in the generation of immune responses at the tissue level ofpatients, suffering from solid tumors, independent of nosological form of disease.

In experimental models it was shown that the family of insulin-like growth factors (IGF), the main representative of which is IGF-1 exerts mitogenic, antiapoptotic and angiogenic activity. It is known that IGF-signaling pathway is involved in the activation cascade of the mitogen-activated protein kinases, resulting in the blocking of apoptosis. Clinical studies confirm the need for the involvement of IGF signaling pathway in the development and progression of ovarian cancer (OC).Subjects and methods. The study included 44 patients with ovarian cancer, 7 patients with borderline and 14 benign ovarian tumors. The ELISA analysis determined the content of insulin-like growth factors type 1 and 2 in tumor tissue and serum of patients with neoplasm of the ovary.Results. In the tissue of ovarian cancer content of IGF-1 were significantly lower than in the tissue of benign tumors. Serum levels of IGF-1 and IGF-2 correlated negatively with the prevalence of OC. Found direct correlation between levels of IGF-1 and IGF-2 in ovarian cancer tissue, and poor direct correlation between serum levels of IGF-1 and IGF-2. The median follow-up period was 14 months and the median time without recurrence was 13.5 months. It is established that two-year disease-free survival is reduced by 40% when low serum levels of IGF-I, and 30% at low levels of IGF-2. In patients with residual tumor size less than 1 cm with high serum levels of IGF-1 (87 ng/ml) two - year disease-free survival was 66.2%, and at low levels of IGF-1 - 25% (p=0.016).Conclusions. The levels of IGF-1 and IGF-2 in tumor tissue and serum in patients with ovarian cancer were decreased in the tumor process. Elevated levels of IGF-I can be considered as a factor of favorable prognosis in patients with ovarian cancer who underwent cytoreductive surgery with residual tumor of less than 1 cm.

Matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) is able to cleave almost all the elements of the extracellular matrix. It is believed that due to its ability to degrade the basal membrane, it is involved in the processes of invasion, metastasis and neoangiogenesis. Vascular endothelium growth factor (VEGF) has demonstrated its role in tumor progression. Subjects and methods. The study included 65 patients with tumors of the ovary, 44 cancer was diagnosed. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay we determined the content of MMP-7 and VEGF in the serum and tumor tissue in patients with tumors of the ovary. Results. Serum levels of MMP-7 and VEGF are positively correlated with the prevalence of ovarian cancer (OC). In the tissue of adenocarcinoma of the ovary are determined higher levels of MMP-7 and VEGF than in tissue of benign tumors. In the tumor tissue of OC registered positive correlation between VEGF and MMP-7 (r=0.6); p=0.0001. The period of observation did not exceed 2 years from the start of treatment, median follow-up time was 14 months. Only the size of residual tumor after cytoreductive surgery is significantly associated with long-term results. Communication levels of MMP-7 with long-term results of treatment of OC patients is not established. Two-year disease-free survival in patients with baseline serum VEGF value of more than 440 PG/ml was 24%, less than 440 PG/ml - 55%. Conclusions. The levels of MMP-7 and VEGF in tumor tissue and serum in patients with OC increase with the prevalence and aggressiveness of tumor process. Elevated levels of VEGF can be considered as a factor of poor prognosis in patients with OC.

The system of the insulin-like growth factors (IGF) through its mitogenic and antiapoptotic effects plays an important role in carcinogenesis. IGF with interaction with own receptor activates Ras - and Akt-signaling pathways that lead to enhanced cell proliferation and reduction of apoptosis. Via stimulation of proangiogenic factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), IGF also mediates processes of neoangiogenesis that are necessary for the development, progression and metastasis of malignant tumors. Recent data show a linkage between IGF, VEGF and ovarian cancer. New drugs of targeted therapy for patients with ovarian adenocarcinoma, that inhibit the components of IGF and VEGF families, are under experimental and clinical trials. This review presents the results of investigations of IGF′ and VEGF′ role in the development, prognosis and treatment of patients with ovarian cancer.

Hydrogenation and isomerization of α-pinene on heterogeneous catalysts were studied, and conditions were found for hydrogenation of pinene to cis-pinane on nickel catalysts and for its dehydrogenation to p-cymene on decationized zeolite Y.