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Background In recent years aesthetic injection techniques using soft tissue fillers are becoming popular worldwide due to their effectiveness, safety, and low cost. There is no standard approach for the management and follow-up of patients seeking penile enlargement procedures described in the literature and the surgical penile enlargement methods are also controversial. Objectives To assess the effect of injection penile girth enlargement on sexual relationship satisfaction, confidence, self-esteem, and to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of this procedure for the management of men with small penis syndrome (SPS). Methods This is a single-center, clinical case series study executed from January 2019 to February 2021, that involved 148 men who were unsatisfied with the shape of their normal-sized penises and requested penis girth correction. Results A total of 132 patients completed full treatment and follow-up. Mean girth enlargement was 1.7 ± 0.32 cm for the mid-shaft and 1.5 ± 0.32 cm for the glans of the penis. Satisfaction with sexual life improved. Mean scores increased by 17.9 ± 3.04 points for the sexual relationship and by 12.2 ± 3.17 points for the confidence. The self-esteem mean score raised by 8 ± 2.8 and by 4.3 ± 0.97 points for the overall relationship. Conclusions Penile enlargement with hyaluronic acid (HA) injection positively affects sexual relationship satisfaction, confidence, and self-esteem of men with SPS. But the rate of psychosocial improvement does not correlate with penile size changes. It is a simple, safe, and effective technique that can be used in daily clinical practice.

A complex pathogenesis involving several physiological systems is theorized to underline the development of depressive disorders. Depression is accompanied by circadian regulation disruption and interaction with the functioning of both central and peripheral oscillators. Many aspects of melatonin function unite these systems. The use of drugs for circadian rhythm disorders could inspire a potential treatment strategy for depression. Melatonin plays an essential role in the regulation of circadian rhythms. It exerts effect by activating two types of melatonin receptors, type 1A (MT1) and 1B (MT2). These are G-protein-coupled receptors, predominantly located in the central nervous system. MT1/MT2 agonists could be a useful treatment approach according to all three prevalent theories of the pathogenesis of depression involving either monoamines, synaptic remodeling, or immune/inflammatory events. MT1/MT2 receptors can be a potential target for novel antidepressants with impact on concentrations of neurotrophins or neurotransmitters, and reducing levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. There is an interesting cross-talk mediated via the physical association of melatonin and serotonin receptors into functional heteromers. The antidepressive and neurogenetic effects of MT1/MT2 agonists can also be caused by the inhibition of the acid sphingomyelinase, leading to reduced ceramide, or increasing monoamine oxidase A levels in the hippocampus. Compounds targeting MT1 and MT2 receptors could have potential for new anti-depressants that may improve the quality of therapeutic interventions in treating depression and relieving symptoms. In particular, a combined effect on MT1 and/or MT2 receptors and neurotransmitter systems may be useful, since the normalization of the circadian rhythm through the melatonergic system will probably contribute to improved treatment. In this review, we discuss melatonergic receptors as a potential additional target for novel drugs for depression.

Given the high whittling down rates, high costs, and moderate pace of new medication, revelation, and improvement, repurposing “old” drugs to treat typical and uncommon illnesses is progressively becoming an appealing proposition. Drug repurposing is the way toward utilizing existing medications in treating diseases other than the purposes they were initially designed for. Faced with scientific and economic challenges, the prospect of discovering new medication indications is enticing to the pharmaceutical sector. Medication repurposing can be used at various stages of drug development, although it has shown to be most promising when the drug has previously been tested for safety. We describe strategies of drug repurposing for Parkinson’s disease, which is a neurodegenerative condition that primarily affects dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. We also discuss the obstacles faced by the repurposing community and suggest new approaches to solve these challenges so that medicine repurposing can reach its full potential.

Problem. Due to the rapid trend of growth and spread of vertical landscaping in landscaping of settlements in Ukraine, studying woody lianas is quite active. There is almost no information on the bioecological features of woody lianas in conditions of our region and their use in landscaping of urban areas. Therefore, the aim of the work was to summarize the introduction of woody lianas in the Kryvyi Rih Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, to analyze the current state of vertical landscaping in Kryvyi Rih, to find out the range of plants used and to prove the possibilities of its expansion. Methods. The distribution of introduced woody lianas by origin was carried out according to A.L. Takhtadzhyan . Assessment of viability was performed by the scale of viability of shrubs modified on the basis of the classification by Z.I. Luchnyk. Estimation of drought resistance of lianas was made by the scale of S.S. Piatnytskyi , winter hardiness was estimated on the scale adopted for botanical gardens of the USSR. Results and conclusions For Kryvyi Rih, one of the promising areas in the creation of modern landscape and architectural landscaping of the city is vertical landscaping based on twisted plants. The source for enrichment of the range of plants for urban area landscaping is the collections of the botanical garden. The introduction of woody lianas in the Kryvyi Rih Botanical Garden began in 1983. Today, the collection fund includes 31 species and 42 cultivars, representing 15 genera and 13 families. We determined that the phenorhythmics of the introduced species is consistent with the climatic conditions of the Right-Bank Steppe Dnieper Area, most of the species bloom annually, bear fruit, have high living conditions and decorativeness. Most woody lianas introduced in the KRBG are quite drought-resistant (they scored point I by Piatnytskyi scale), they tolerate short periods of drought without significant morphological changes (species of the genera Wisteria, Campsis, Celastrus, Parthenocissus, Vitis, Ampelopsis). Lower drought resistance (drought resistance scores point II) in species of the genera Lonicera, Actinidia was manifested by the loss of turgor in the leaves, which was restored during the night, and partial yellowing of the leaves. Groups of introduced woody lianas were selected according to the method of attachment to the support and the degree of decorativeness. A survey of the urban areas of Kryvyi Rih revealed that the range of woody lianas used is represented by 10 species and 7 cultivars from 10 genera and 10 families. According to the results of studying morpho-biological, ecological properties and decorative qualities, it is recommended to introduce Aristolochia manshuriensis, Akebia quinata, Celastrus flagellaris, Celastrus orbiculatus, Lonicera caprifolium, Wisteria sinensis more widely in landscaping of urban areas.

Based on new materials from bottom trawl surveys, the range of the rare tentacled lumpsucker Cyclopsis tentacularis has been extended in the northern Sea of Okhotsk up to the western coast of Kamchatka. The morphometric characters, coloration features, some data on the species reproductive biology, and habitats, as well as on corollary species are provided.

A study of the safety of the use of feed additive Liaform for the target species – broiler chickens. Liaform is a yellowish liquid with a specific odor. The feed additive contains lactic acid, formic acid, sodium formate, propionic acid and water. Given the composition of the additive, it can be attributed to two functional groups: preservatives – substances or microorganisms that protect feed from damage by microorganisms or their metabolites, acidity regulators – substances that regulate the pH of feed. For the study was formed on the principle of analogues of 3 groups of broiler chickens of 15 heads (control and 2 experimental) from 8 days of age. Feeding of chickens of the control group was carried out by standard complete feed. Feeding of chickens of the first experimental group was carried out with standard complete feed, in which the feed additive Liaform was added at the rate of 2 g / kg, feeding of chickens of the second experimental group was carried out with standard complete feed, in which feed additive Liaform was applied in 10 times the recommended dose of 20 g/kg. During the experiment, the general condition of the bird, the safety of the bird, zootechnical and hematological parameters were monitored. It was found that the studied feed additive in 10 times the recommended dose does not have a negative impact on productivity, growth and development of broiler chickens, feed absorption. As a result of the use of Liaform feed additive in 10 times the recommended dose, the live weight of broiler chickens in the experimental group was higher compared to the control and lower compared to the recommended dose. The use of a feed additive in 10 times the dose did not have a negative effect on hematological parameters and serum protein levels, did not cause a negative effect on the condition of internal organs.

The aim: To determine how quarantine restrictions affect the lifestyle of Ukrainian students, and their mental health. Materials and methods: 37 student essays were submitted to the university contest held at Lviv Polytechnic University in May-June 2020. They were analyzed with the help of qualitative thematic analysis and standard qualitative analysis method. Essays are focused on a list of issues important for assessing the social well-being of students during quarantine. Each fragment of essay’s answer was coded into the data matrix system according to either multiple or single themes, built in the statements. The thematic analysis identified several categories that determine students’ attitude to the pandemic situation and its consequences for them. Results: It is determined that students’ lifestyle, including study and leisure, has changed significantly, which has affected their mental health. Learning online provoked a number of emotional disorders. At the same time, the desire for communication in person and self-improvement increased. «Quarantine lessons» were divided into categories: challenges, threats and opportunities. Threats and challenges were considered at the global level, while opportunities affected rather the personal level. Conclusions: Mental health of students disorders: anxiety, restlessness, fear, self-doubt, feelings of loneliness, panic, sleep disturbances, and increased fatigue indicate the negative effects of the pandemic. At the same time, recording such facts as the feeling of satisfaction from communication with loved ones, the ability to help them, the desire for self-improvement, etc. allows to say about the positive effects.

To demonstrate modified technique of penile lengthening.We have reviewed 30 patients who underwent surgery with the use of the proposed "cross-method" and also compared with 35 patients who had surgery with the division of the suspensory ligament performed with the use of V-Y plasty method.We have achieved better enlargement and SEAR (self-esteem and relationship) scores with the "cross-method" compared to V-Y plasty.The cross-method is a simple alternative technique for penile lengthening that can be performed safely in order to treat small penis syndrome and obtain better results.

Purpose. The article reveals the features of synonymy, paronymy and antonymy in the English terminology of cosmetology and aesthetic medicine, considers their functioning, and describes the dynamics of the prominent characteristics of these semantic processes.Methodology. The research material consisted of 1000 English terms of cosmetology and aesthetic medicine selected from the relevant English professional texts (scientific articles and didactic materials). The research is methodologically based on the systemic-structural approach, which enables synchronous analysis of language phenomena based on the connections and relationships between linguistic elements. The analysis of paradigmatic relations of the terminology was based on the principles of semantic field and thematic organization of terms. Descriptive and comparative methods were also applied.Results. A review of the literature confirmed the existence of multi-vector views on synonymy in terminology. The sources of synonyms in the terminology of cosmetology and aesthetic medicine are disclosed. The semantic and functional criteria of synonymy in the terminology are described, and the synonymous series available in it are revealed.The manifestation of antonymous relations as a regular principle of naming concepts with opposite meaning is clarified, and the differences between word-forming and lexical antonymy in the terminology of cosmetology and aesthetic medicine are shown. The use of paronyms is analyzed, and it is emphasized that a slight difference in spelling and pronunciation leads to incorrect replacement of one word with another and loss of information.Conclusions. The analysis of lexical and semantic features of terminology of cosmetology and aesthetic medicine has shown that synonymy and antonymy are common phenomena manifested on the lexical-semantic, derivational and stylistic levels. Each of theseypes of paradigmatic relations contributes to the development and enrichment of terminology of cosmetology and aesthetic medicine. As for paronymy, it is a linguistic universal that cannot be avoided despite the fact that it contradicts the principles of professional communication. This vision of the role of synonymy, antonymy and paronymy is generally consistent with the observations and conclusions of researchers who conducted similar studies in related terminological systems.Key words: semantic relations, systematic language, paradigmatic relations, term, lexical-semantic relations. Мета. Метою статті було розкриття особливостей синонімії, паронімії і антонімії в англійській термінології косметології та естетичної медицини, розгляд їх функціонування, опис динаміки провідних характеристик цих семантичних процесів.Методи. Матеріалом дослідження послугували 1 000 англійських термінів косметології та естетичної медицини, відібраних з відповідних англійських фахових текстів (наукових статей та науково-дидактичних матеріалів). Дослідження методологічно ґрунтується на системно-структурному підході, який дозволяє здійснювати синхронний аналіз мовних явищ на основі зв’язків і відношень між мовними елементами. Аналіз парадигматичних відношень термінології відбувався на основі принципів семантичного поля та тематичної організації термінопонять. Було також застосовано описовий та порівняльний методи.Результати. Здійснений огляд літератури підтвердив існування різновекторних поглядів на синонімію в термінології. Визначено джерела поповнення синонімів у термінології косметології та естетичної медицини. Описані семантичні і функці-ональні критерії синонімії в зазначеній термінології, виявлені наявні в ній синонімічні ряди.З’ясований вияв антонімічних відношень як регулярного принципу найменувань понять з протилежним значенням, показано відмінності між словотвірною і лексичною антонімією в термінології косметології та естетичної медицини. Проаналі-зовано використання паронімів та підкреслено, що незначна відмінність у написанні і вимові призводить до неправильної заміни одного слова іншим та втрати інформації.Висновки. Проведений аналіз лексико-семантичних особливостей косметології та естетичної медицини показав, що сино-німія і антонімія є у ній поширеними явищами, які маніфестуються на лексико-семантичному, дериваційному та стилістич-ному рівнях. Кожний з цих типів парадигматичних відношень сприяє розвитку і збагаченню термінології. Щодо паронімії, то вона є мовною універсалією, якої неможливо уникнути, попри те, що вона суперечить принципам фахового спілкування. Таке бачення ролі синонімії, антонімії та паронімії в термінології косметології та естетичної медицини загалом узгоджується зі спостереженнями та висновками дослідників цих явищ в споріднених або близьких за тематикою терміносистемах.Ключові слова: семантичні відношення, системність мови, парадигматичні відношення, термін, лексико-семантичні відношення.

In modern conditions of reforming the Ukrainian Health Care system based on the introduction of innovative digital information technologies, the development of a methodology for the computerization of pharmaceutical information exchange processes is relevant. The purpose of our study was to develop a methodology for creating a unified accounting system (UAS) of information on pharmaceutical and medical products (Ph&MP) in Ukraine (taking into account the current standards of computer systems for structuring and fixing information, as well as in accordance with international standards for automated identification of information about Ph&MP. The objects of the research were: scientific and specialized publications devoted to the issue of the implementation of a system of accounting and tracking of medical and health care in the EU, USA, Canada;pharmaceutical information with tracking and recording the established information flows in computer databases.The main research is based on the methodology of pharmaceutical informatics: creation of pharmaceutical computer databases, coding of pharmaceutical products. The method of system analysis processed publications on the types of Ph&MP encodings in the EU, USA, Canada. In the scientific work, the international standards for the sale of information in two-dimensional shaded codes of the DataMatrixECC 200 standard are highlighted, which is one of the information blocks on the basis of which the development of the UAS Ph&MP database structure should be based.The structure and interconnection of information blocks for the accounting of Ph&MP units using GTIN and serial numbers in the database of structural units of business entities of the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine have been developed. A systematic analysis of the types of Ph&MP encodings in the EU countries, the USA, and Canada has been carried out.Highlighted rational approaches to the formation of coding and accounting for Ph & MP, taking into account national characteristics. The basis of the integral structure of the UAS Ph&MP with basic information blocks has been developed.Approaches and principles to the methodology of its formation are given, taking into account the current standards of computer systems for the structuring and fixing of information, as well as in accordance with international standards for automated identification of information about Ph&MP. The requirements for the compliance of computer databases of structural units of business entities with modern standards for preserving pharmaceutical information necessary about medicines when accounting are presented.

Мета роботи – встановити частоту та особливості порушень когнітивних функцій у хворих на ВІЛ-інфекцію. Пацієнти і методи. Обстежено 116 хворих на ВІЛ-інфекцію у різних клінічних стадіях недуги. Усім пацієнтам здійснювали нейропсихологічне дослідження, що включало тестування з використанням ряду шкал і тестів. Перед проведенням нейропсихологічного тестування усім досліджуваним пропонувалися опитувачі для оцінки наявності та вираженості депресивних симптомів (шкала депресії Бека – Beck A. T. et al., 1961) і оцінки рівня ситуаційної (реактивної) тривожності (тест Спілбергера-Ханіна, 1976). Акцентуацію характеру визначали за тестом Леонгарда К.; особові особливості – за багатофакторним опитувальником Кеттелла Р.Б. (1949). Групу контролю, цілком порівнювану за віком і статтю з досліджуваною групою, склали 39 практично здорових добровольців. Результати та висновки. Клінічні ознаки ВІЛ-асоційованого ураження ЦНС у вигляді помірного зниження нейрокогнітивних функцій виявляються у 22,4 % хворих на ВІЛ-інфекцію, причому з наростанням ступеня імунодефіциту кількість осіб з легкими когнітивними порушеннями зростає. ВІЛ-інфекція є причиною мінімальної вогнищевої неврологічної симптоматики у вигляді симптомів орального автоматизму і вестибулярно-атактичних розладів (Р

The article summarizes the arguments and counter-arguments within the scientific discussion on the impact of sleep disorders on the development of cognitive decline in patients with Parkinson's disease. The main purpose of the study is to study the possibility of predicting the development of cognitive decline by assessing the severity of sleep disorders and their differences in the presence of cognitive impairment. Systematization of literature sources and approaches to solving the problem showed that sleep disorders develop in the early stages of Parkinson's disease and are often accompanied by cognitive impairment. Cognitive decline is manifested throughout Parkinson's disease and ranges from moderate in the early stages to dementia in the late stages. The relevance of the study of the relationship between sleep disorders and cognitive functions lies in the possibility of further improving the prediction of the development of cognitive decline in order to effectively correct it. Treatment of sleep disorders can be accompanied by improved memory and even morphological changes in the brain. Therefore, the question arises about the possibility of correcting cognitive decline by influencing sleep disorders. The methodology of the study included assessment of the overall status of patients on a unified scale of Parkinson's disease, Montreal cognitive rating scale and sleep scale in Parkinson's disease. The duration of the study was 8 months. Patients with Parkinson's disease were selected as the study. The article presents the results of a survey of patients who show that patients with Parkinson's disease and cognitive decline showed a predominance of motor disorders, sleep disorders and the overall score on the sleep scale in Parkinson's disease. In the presence of cognitive decline more pronounced disorders of motor functions in everyday life, which can lead to sleep disorders and its quality. The study empirically confirms and theoretically proves that the assessment of sleep disorders can be used to predict the risk of developing cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease. The results of this study may be useful for improving the early diagnosis and prevention of cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease, which, in turn, leads to improved quality of treatment of these patients. Such changes can directly affect the choice of therapeutic tactics and improve the quality of life of patients with Parkinson's disease. The question of the features of various sleep disorders and their prognostic value in relation to cognitive decline in patients with various forms of Parkinson's disease remains open.

Introduction. The development of different ways of identifying hazard of substances, polluting the environment, that are alternative to routine methods for assessing health of different professional groups of people, as well as to tests on laboratory animals, has been assessed and summarized in a number of papers, and there is a growing volume of actual data on this issue. The analyzing pathogenic properties of microflora, isolated from polluted habitats or changed under the effect of pollutants, allows both assessing the risk of diseases with microbial etiology and identifying the influence of modifying factors on this process. Materials and methods. The research was performed on 150 cultures of Klebsiella pneumoniae, exposed to diethanolamine, phenol, sulfuric and nitric acids, taken at the level of their threshold limit value. The same cultures incubated without pollutants were used as a control group. Pathogenic factors were determined with the use of traditional methods, our modified methods (RNAase activity) and standard agents, kits and media. Results. The contact with all the pollutants resulted in a fair increase in adhesive, anti-Ig, lysozyme, anti-lysozyme and RNAase activities of microorganisms, their resistance to antibacterial action of blood serum, as well as to damaging action of lactoferrin. The bacteria increased their ability to synthesize a substance, immunologically similar to human lactoferrin. At the same time, there was a decrease in lipase activity, primarily referred to factors determining the bacterial ability to survive in the environment. Discussion. Therefore, the paper results can be presented as follows: being an independent and holistic section of modern microbiology, bacterial biochemistry unites the issues appeared to be far from each other - changes in factors of pathogenicity and persistence of microorganisms and technogenic changeability of the environment. Being quite urgent today, this problem may become aggravated in the course of further technological progress.

Стаття присвячена дослідженню особливостей моделювання семантики експресивно маркованих лексичних одиниць, які містять у своїх значеннєвих планах домінантний інтенсивно-параметричний складник. Дослідження здійснювалося на мовному матеріалі "Енеїди" Івана Котляревського. Іван Петрович Котляревський здійснив титанічний поступ у розвиткові і становленні мови української літератури, не лише представив живе мовлення українців, а й виявив майстерність в об’єктивації внутрішніх інтенцій, у відтворенні українського менталітету та реалізації українського світобачення, мовомислення, елементів культури; у репрезентації духовності української нації. Лінгвостилістичний аналіз мови "Енеїди" виявив, що мовна тканина твору насичена експресивами, семантична структура яких поґрунтована на інтенсивно-параметричній семантиці. Експресивний фонд аналізованої поеми І. П. Котляревського є основою мовної організації та оформлення твору, репрезентантом ідей автора, змістоутворювальним інструментом, матеріалом формування художніх фігур, образним засобом характеристики персонажів. Експресивна семантика бурлескно-травестійної поеми змотивована зовнішніми маркерами, зокрема морфемно-дериваційними засобами, і більшою мірою – внутрішніми мотиваторами, найпродуктивнішими з яких в "Енеїді" виокремлено такі складники: експресивна основа, внутрішня форма слова, вторинна номінація, асоціативні значення, компресивні утворення.

Multiple sclerosis has been known as one of the largest “contributor” to disability in young people worldwide, and muscle spasticity of the lower extremities is one of the challenges associated with this disease. The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between the severity of spastic hypertonicity in the lower extremity muscles and the life quality of patients with different types of multiple sclerosis courses. The study included 43 male and female inpatients with multiple sclerosis aged 19 – 54 years (mean age was 38±9.8 years) in the exacerbation stage, who took the course of treatment at the neurological department. The participants were divided into groups according to the type of course of the disease: I group with relapse remitting course, and II group with secondary progressive course. The diagnosis was made according to the criteria of McDonald (2011). The Expanded Disability Status Scale was used to assess the extent of disability. All patients received pulse therapy with methylprednisolone for 5 days. The spasticity in the lower extremities was evaluated by the modified Tardieu Scale. Life quality indicators were evaluated using the Short Form-36 questionnaire followed by analysis of all subscales. Assessment of cognitive function was performed by applying the Mini-Mental State Examination scale for both groups. The study has shown that spasticity, as a symptom of the disease, has an impact on the quality of life depending on the type of multiple sclerosis. Spastic hypertonicity in different muscle groups affects the quality of life that should be taken into account when choosing treatment tactics. With age and duration of the disease, the patients with relapse remitting multiple sclerosis lose the ability to assess of their physical functioning, the patients with secondary progressive experience the increase in spasticity that indicates a difference in subjective perception of the disease in different types of disease.

Purpose. To evaluate and compare the main varietal characteristics of grain sorghum. To establish the main differences in the qualitative indicators of the structure and productivity of grain sorghum varieties of domestic and foreign breeding.Methods. Laboratory, field research, comparative, analytical, mathematical and statistical methods were used in the process of research.Results. In the investigated varieties of domestic breeding, plant height was 109–134 cm; length inflorescence of sorghum 15–17 cm. Higher indexes of plant height length inflorescence of sorghum 143 and 17 were in ‘Lan 59’ variety. The lowest rates were in the variety ‘Kraievyd’ – 15 cm. The height of the plants of sorghum of foreign breeding ranged from 75 to 130 cm, length inflorescence of sorghum 14–19 cm. The height of the foreign breeding sorghum plants ranged from 75 to 130 cm, and the inflorescence of sorgo was 14 to 19 cm. On average, the varieties of domestics breeding weight of grain from one plant was 30.55 g and the number of grains from one plant was 1444, and in foreign varieties these figures were 39.44 and 1313, respectively. The number of the grains from one plant, depending on the correlation dependence, indicates that it has a direct relationship of strong effect on the formation of biological yield of the studied varieties of grain sorghum. The correlation coefficient is r = 0.92, the determination coefficient is R² = 0.8595. Based on the results of correlation analysis, a strong relationship of direct action between the mass of grain from one plant and the mass of 1000 grains was observed in the investigated varieties of grain sorghum of domestic breeding, which is r = 0,98; R2 = 0.96. The results of the correlation analysis allow to establish a strong relationship of direct action between the number of grains from one plant and the yield of the investigated varieties of grain sorghum of foreign breeding, which is r = 0,73; R2 = 0.52.Conclusions. Yield of grain sorghum depends on the main indicators of the structure and productivity of the crop. Indicators of mass of 1000 grains in varieties of domestic breeding ranged from 24.1–35.9 g, and the weight of grain from one plant was 22.5–45.2 g, while biological yield was formed at the level of 3.24–6.67 t/ha. The weight of 1000 grains on the average for the varieties of Ukrainian breeding was within 28.57 g, and the foreign 28.94 g. Among the domestic breeding can be distinguished variety ‘Dneprelstan’, which is characterized by higher mass and number of grains per plant, 1000 grains and biological yield. The lowest figures are in the ‘Kraievyd’ variety. The biological yield of grain on the average for varieties of domestic breeding was in the range 5.37 t/ha, and for foreign 5.59 t/ha.

The electric power industry of Ukraine is a technologically sophisticated, territorially ramified system combining power generating stations, the United Electric Power System (UES) and distribution electric networks of the country. The level of development of the electric power complex has a decisive influence on the condition of the economy in the state, on solving the problems of the social sphere and people's living standards. And it is no accident that energy independence is always associated with the national security of the state. The electric power complex of Ukraine was formed as an integral part of the electric power complex of the USSR and therefore does not fully comply with the requirements for the energy complex of an independent state. The structure of generating capacities requires a significant change. The strategic goal of the development of the electric power complex is its fundamental restructuring based on the latest technologies, ensuring maneuverability, energy and economic efficiency, environmental acceptability, external competitiveness and market operating conditions, ensuring a stable, reliable, safe, high-quality supply of electric energy to the country's economic and social sectors. Price regulation in the energy market now takes place in statics, which does not allow assessing the dynamic changes in the tariff price of electricity in local isolated systems. With a sudden change in the power of an isolated energy generating system, a change in the tariff price of electricity occurs, which cannot be taken into account when using static models. For the above example, the question arises of the need to use dynamic charging models, including the presence of transients when the generator operating modes change and their influence on the deviation of the real values of the economic parameters of the system. The dynamic impact of the electrical parameters of the generating system on the economic ones is a determining factor for rejecting the generally accepted hourly billing in Ukraine’s energy networks due to its unprofitability. It is relevant to use a model of flexible dynamic pricing, which will ensure an adequate tariff price for electricity.

New 2-cyclohexenone derivatives were synthesized via the Michael reaction in the presence of potassium carbonate. These derivatives containing the acetyl substituent in position 6 are of special interest due to the ability to form boron chelate complexes, 1,3-dioxaborines, possessing luminescence properties. The dependence of the position of the absorption and luminescence absorption band maxima on the donor properties of the substituents was found.

Objective The aim: The aim of the study is to analyze financial indicators and assess the effectiveness of financing secondary medical care enterprises during the transition period in the context of remuneration to doctors. Patients and methods Materials and methods: To perform the analysis, the financial characteristics of 26 medical facilities have been collected and processed by means of involving the bibliosemantic method, data extract and content analysis. Conclusion Conclusions: Presents a comparative analysis of labour payment expenses to doctors of cardiology, obstetric and gynecological and surgical departments of medical facilities. The predicted labour payment expenses for the number of services provided have been calculated. Besides, the article makes it clear that the allocation of funds according to bed-day loads and the number of medical services rendered is unsustainable and does not correspond to the real load on the actual position.

Objective The aim: The research aim was to study features of emotional-volitional sphere and its association in mens with different forms of Substance Addictions. Patients and methods Materials and methods: We examined 146 patients with alcohol and drug addictions using Toronto Alexithymia Scale, Zverkov-Eidmann`s questionnaire and Buss-Durkee questionnaire. Results Results: The study showed an increase in the overall level of alexithymia, a moderate level of aggressiveness and a sufficient level of volitional self-regulation without a significant difference between the groups. The indirect correlation of "persistence" with the "general level of alexithymia", "difficulty identifying feelings" and "physical aggression" in group 1 and at the same time the indirect correlation between "self-control" and "verbal aggression" and "volitional self-regulation" with "difficulty describing feelings" can be explained by the opposite meaning of these concepts and phenomena themselves.However, it is interesting that the indicators "physical aggression" and "difficulty describing feelings" in group 2 were significantly lower, but at the same time correlated with "general level of alexithymia" and "irritability", respectively. On other hand in group 1 the indicator "suspiciousness" is directly related to the "general level of alexithymia", but its level is significantly lower in comparison with group 2. Conclusion Conclusions: The phenomenon of alexithymia is not only recorded in the clinical picture of patients with various forms of addiction, but can also induce the development of manifestations of aggressiveness and hostility in them. Correction of alexithymia is necessary to understand the emotional state of these patients and choose the right approach to their treatment and rehabilitation.

Проаналізовано досвід боротьби з пандемією COVID-19. Визначено комплекс неспецифічних заходів профілактики та пріоритетність їх впровадження. Представлено прогресивні технології та розробки українських науковців, що стоять на сторожі біологічної безпеки громадян. Наведено основні властивості ефективних засобів неспецифічної профілактики COVID-19 вітчизняного виробництва.

The aim: To determine how quarantine restrictions affect the lifestyle of Ukrainian students, and their mental health.Materials and methods: 37 student essays were submitted to the university contest held at Lviv Polytechnic University in May-June 2020. They were analyzed with the help of qualitative thematic analysis and standard qualitative analysis method. Essays are focused on a list of issues important for assessing the social well-being of students during quarantine. Each fragment of essay's answer was coded into the data matrix system according to either multiple or single themes, built in the statements. The thematic analysis identified several categories that determine students' attitude to the pandemic situation and its consequences for them.Results: It is determined that students' lifestyle, including study and leisure, has changed significantly, which has affected their mental health. Learning online provoked a number of emotional disorders. At the same time, the desire for communication in person and self-improvement increased. «Quarantine lessons» were divided into categories: challenges, threats and opportunities. Threats and challenges were considered at the global level, while opportunities affected rather the personal level.Conclusions: Mental health of students disorders: anxiety, restlessness, fear, self-doubt, feelings of loneliness, panic, sleep disturbances, and increased fatigue indicate the negative effects of the pandemic. At the same time, recording such facts as the feeling of satisfaction from communication with loved ones, the ability to help them, the desire for self-improvement, etc. allows to say about the positive effects.

In the conditions of global warming, in particular the growing aridity of the steppe zone of Ukraine, as well as the deficit of organic matter and declining nitrogen reserves in the soil, agricultural producers are faced with the task of finding effective cultivation of drought-resistant crops that are competitive in the market, have economic feasibility and unpretentiousness in cultivation. The experiment was established in 2021 in the research field of the Department of Field and Vegetable Crops within the land use of LLC «Iceberg» Rozdilna district of Odessa region. The administrative center is located in the village Grebinky. The experiment is two-factor: factor A – varieties of amaranth, factor B – the density of standing amaranth plants. Variants of the experiment are arranged sequentially in 3 repetitions. The total area under the experiment is 10 thousand m2, the total area of the plot is 555,0 m2, the accounting area is 300,0 m2. The predecessor is Sudanese grass for hay and green fodder on 2 cuts. Agricultural techniques in the experiment are adopted for the cultivation of organic amaranth, without fertilizers and plant protection products. Amaranth was sown with 60 cm row spacing with the help of ASTRA NOVA 5б4 seed drill. One of the features of amaranth plants is the specificity of the location of leaves on the stem, which determines the effective use of sunlight even in thickened crops. Our research studies have established a certain effect of changes in the density of amaranth crops on its productivity. The best yields of amaranth grain are observed at a sowing density of 150 thousand pieces/ha. It was found that the highest yield of amaranth grain in the experiment was obtained by Lera variety and was in the version of 150 thousand pieces/ha – 3,34 t/ha, which exceeds the control version by 0,53 t/ha, or 18,9%, and we prove mathematically (LSD05 for AB = 0,21 t/ha). The same applies to the variety Kharkivsky-1, where under the conditions of the year the largest grain yield was obtained in the variant with a sowing density of 150 thousand pieces/ha and amounted to – 3,06 t/ha, exceeding the control variant by 0,25 t/ha, or by 8,9%, which is a significant difference. Further increase or decrease in sowing density provided a decrease in yield. To obtain quality products from harvesting to direct processing into amaranth grain, a set of technological operations of post-harvest processing is used, the purpose of which is to prevent losses and preserve all its useful properties. From the conducted research studies, it is possible to draw a conclusion that the nature of amaranth grain is very variable indicator. The main factors that influence the nature of amaranth grain include the method of grain laying, grain density, variety, surface condition, fullness, moisture content of the grain mass. With an increase of humidity there is the increase in the mass of 1000 grains, the speed of soaring and the angle of natural slope. Studies have shown that the optimal sowing density for growing amaranth in the Southern Steppe of Ukraine is 150 thousand pieces/ha. Under such conditions, the highest yield of amaranth grain is formed, which under the conditions of the year was for the variety Kharkivsky-1 (universal) 3,06 t/ha and for the variety Lera (grain) – 3,34 t/ha. Knowledge of the basic physical and technological characteristics of the grain mass is a prerequisite for determining the optimal modes of technological equipment for post-harvest processing and reliable storage of grain for processing.

Purpose. Determine the content of dry mass and ash in the leaves and stems of bioenergy crops (miscanthus, switchgrass, willow). Methods. Samples were taken at the end of the growing season (October). The dry matter content was determined by thermogravimetric method, ash content by burning in a muffle furnace. Results. The dry matter content of the leaves varied depending on the year of research and crop. Thus, on average over the years of research, this figure was highest in switchgrass and willow, 65.8–66.0% with an ash content of 4.3–4.5%. The content of dry mass in miscanthus leaves was 9–10% lower compared to other energy crops. The ash content was at the level of 2.8% or 1.5–1.6 times. Physico-chemical parameters of the leaves of energy crops have changed since one year of the study. In miscanthus leaves it varied from 59.9 to 60.2%, switchgrass from 54.5 to 76.9%, and willow from 60.7 to 72.2%. The ash content varied in a smaller range of all energy crops. In the stems of miscanthus, the dry matter content was in the range from 57.5% to 58.9%, in switchgrass it was the largest, from 54.9 to 65.3%, and in the stems of willow from 51.3 to 57.1% over the years of research. The stems of all energy crops had a lower ash content compared to the leaves. Thus, this indicator in miscanthus leaves was at the level of 1.5–1.6%, switchgrass 1.3–2.2%, willow 2.0–2.5% (1.5–3.0 times). Conclusions. The content of dry mass and ash in the leaves and stems varies depending on the type of energy crop. The highest content of dry mass is formed in the leaves of switchgrass (54.5–76.9%) and willow 60.7–72.2%. The ash content is 4.1–4.9% and 4.0–4.5%, respectively. The content of dry mass in miscanthus stems is 57.5–58.9%, switchgrass 54.9–65.3%, willow 51.3–57.1%. The content of ash in the stems of miscanthus is 1.5–1.6%, switchgrass 1.3–2.2, willow 2.0–2.5% or 1.5–3.0 times.

Purpose. To study biological features of biological potential realization of softneck garlic productivity. Methods. Field, laboratory, statistical and calculation-analytical. Results. The results of studying local and introduced forms of softneck garlic cultivars (samples No. 1, 14, 16, 19, 24, 27) in comparison with varieties (‘Prometei’ (standard) and ‘Liubasha’) in terms of productivity are presented. In the research, field, laboratory and statistical methods were used. The experimental design was a systemic complete block design without replicates. It was found that all, without exception, softneck garlic cultivars have an erectoid type of leaf placement. Introduced cultivars featured low seedstalk formation, which is a manifestation of adaptation to growing conditions. All studied cultivars were characterized by lower values of the number of air bulbils in the inflorescence compared to the standard cultivar ‘Prometei’. Thus, ‘Liubasha’ formed 16.1% fewer bulbils than the standard; however, its 1000-bulbil weight was 37.2% larger than in ‘Prometei’. The softneck cultivars that formed bulbils on the reduced seedstalk were characterized by a very small number of bulbils − by 89.7–90.8% less than in the standard – however, the formed bulbils had very large 1000-bulbil weight. Thus, sample No. 1 formed bulbils by 542.0% larger in terms of the 1000-bulbil weight than standard; sample No. 16 by 554.3%; sample No. 27 by 752.9%. Samples No. 14, 19 and 24 did not formed seedstalks. In terms of the bulbil yield, the samples that formed bulbils had by 11.7–40.1% lower indicators than the standard. Cultivar ‘Liubasha’ was characterized by a 19.0% higher bulbil yield. The vast majority of collection samples of winter garlic formed smaller bulbs. Sample No. 16 had a large bulb wight compared to the standard. Collection samples had significantly lower yield except for No. 16, which exceeded the standard by 30.2 and 56.8%. Conclusions. Collection samples have a significantly higher dry matter content. The promising samples (No. 14, 16, 19, 24) were selected by a number of characteristics as promising for further breding of softneck table garlic cultivars. In further research, the content of secondary metabolites and the storage of the samples in uncontrolled conditions will be studied in order to create table garlic cultivars suitable for long-term storage.

Purpose. Determine the content of chemical elements in different parts of the vegetative mass of bioenergy crops. Methods. Experiments on the technology of growing switchgrass, energy willow and miscanthus were laid at the Yaltushkiv EBS. Winter wheat was a pre-crop for energy crops. The experiments were based on generally accepted methods of growing these crops. During the growing season accounting and observation were conducted and determination of the biochemical composition of the aboveground mass of energy plants. was performed. Results. It was found that the nitrogen content changed the most in June. Thus, in June, its content in the leaves varied from 0.20 to 0.22%, and in the stems from 0.18 to 0.24%, depending on the energy crop. By August, the nitrogen content increased by 9–50% in miscanthus and willow leaves and by 4–22% in switchgrass and willow stems. During the growing season, the phosphorus content in the leaves decreased by 2–12%. The dynamics of phosphorus accumulation in the stems of energy crops was different. In the stems of miscanthus, its content did not change, while in other energy crops increased. The potassium content in switchgrass and willow leaves increased by 5–13% during the growing season, while in miscanthus it decreased by 3%. In stems, its content in miscanthus and switchgrass increased, and in energy willow decreased. It should be noted that the potassium content in the leaves was 8.1–9.8 times higher compared to nitrogen and 5.3–8.5 times higher in the stems. Of the studied trace elements, the manganese content was the highest. Thus, in the leaves of miscanthus its content was 1.9 mg/kg or 2.1 times, willow 1.24 mg/kg, or 12%, and switchgrass 1.13 mg/kg, or 2% higher compared to the stem. The iron content changed similarly. The content of zinc in the leaves and stems of willow and switchgrass almost did not change, but in the leaves of miscanthus was 2.0 times higher than the stem. The content of copper and cadmium was almost the same in the leaves and stems and was 0.01–0.04 and 0.001 mg/kg of dry weight, respectively. The lead content in miscanthus and willow stems was higher, and in switchgrass the same (0.01 mg/kg). The chlorine content in the leaves of bioenergy crops was 1.3–2.5 times lower compared to the stems. The sulfur content in miscanthus leaves was 1.4 times lower than in stems, and in other crops almost the same. Conclusions. It was found that in the leaves of switchgrass nitrogen content and in miscanthus potassium content and phosphorus content of all crops decreases during the growing season. In the leaves, the nitrogen content in miscanthus, willow and potassium content in switchgrass and willow increases. The content of trace elements in the vegetative mass is the highest in miscanthus and willow. The content of copper and cadmium in the leaves and stems is almost unchanged.

Purpose. To determine the formation of productivity (yield of vegetative mass, content of cellulose and hemicellulose, zinc and iron) of different varieties of switchgrass. Methods. Research on the agrotechnology of switchgrass was conducted at the Yaltushkiv Experimental Breeding Station. The predecessor of switchgrass was winter wheat. The experiments were set up in accordance with generally accepted methods. Yield was determined in sections, cellulose content, hemicellulose content – zinc and iron content – by atomic absorption spectrometry. Results. It was found that the yield of switchgrass biomass varied significantly over the studied varieties. Thus, the highest yield was obtained by growing varieties ‘Shelter’ (mid-ripening), ‘Cave-in-Rock’ (mid-ripening), ‘Morozko’ (mid-ripening), ‘Carthage’ (late-ripening) and ‘Kanlow’ (very late-ripening) and ranged between 19.3 and 21.6 t/ha at actual humidity or 11.1–16.7 t/ha of dry mass. However, the highest yield of dry mass was provided by growing varieties ‘Morozko’ and ‘Kanlow’, 16.7–17.9 t/ha. Yield of early-ripening switchgrass varieties was at the level of 12.9–16.7 t/ha at actual humidity or 8.9–11.5 t/ha of dry weight. It should be noted that of the seven mid- and late-ripening varieties, five had dry weight yield at the level of two early-ripening varieties (‘Forestburg’ and ‘Nebraska’). Thus, the highest yield of biomass is provided by growing mid- and late-ripening varieties of switchgrass. The highest content of cellulose was in late-ripening varieties of switchgrass. No significant difference was found between early and late-ripening varieties. It should be noted that the content of hemicellulose almost did not change over the studied varieties and ranged between 14.1 and14.7%. In the dry biomass of switchgrass, the cellulose content was 1.4–1.5 times higher in comparison with the biomass of actual moisture (64.2–68.0). The hemicellulose content was 20.4–21.3%, depending on the variety of switchgrass. It should be noted that their content did not change significantly over the studied switchgrass varieties, both at actual humidity and in terms of dry weight. The iron content was 2.6–2.7 times higher than zinc 1.23–1.27 mg/100 g. Conclusions. The yield of biomass of switchgrass varies from 12.9 to 21.6 t/ha at actual humidity that equals 8.9 to 16.7 t/ha of dry mass. The highest yield of dry mass is provided by the cultivation of switchgrass varieties ‘Morozko’ and ‘Kanlow’ (16.7–17.9 t/ha). The biomass contains 45.2–46.9% of cellulose, 14.2–14.5% of hemicellulose, 0.46–0.47 mg/100 g of zinc and 1.26 mg/100 g of iron. It is recommended to use them in breeding programs to create high-yielding varieties of switchgrass.