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Validation of a questionnaire designed to stratify the level of digital competence in chronic patients.Cross-sectional study, carried out in the Endocrinology and Nutrition Section of the Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León (CAULE). We selected the digital competencies section of the Cambados questionnaire, designed for the identification of digital chronic patient, with a maximum score of 20 points. The questionnaire was completed for validation by patients for whom were prescribed a digital tool for glycemic control. Reliability was assessed by assessing the correct use of the prescribed tool and internal consistency.The questionnaire was completely filled in by 171 patients, with a mean age of 44.36 (SD 17.36). The mean score obtained in the questionnaire was 11.04 (SD 4.74) and a score over 12 was the most appropriate cut-off point to discriminate between patients according to their level of digital competence. 48.54% of the patients made adequate use of the tool. The scale showed good internal consistency with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.77.The results reached in the present study allow us to affirm that the responses obtained from the patients in the digital competency definition questionnaire are a good indicator of the use of digital tools.

Mining wastes containing appreciable concentrations of silver are considered alternative sources for metal extraction, although these wastes are often refractory due to the presence of manganese oxides. The high cost and/or environmental impact of the hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical extraction processes make it necessary to search for biotechnological processes for the solubilization of manganese compounds. This paper describes the characterization of chemoorganotrophic microorganisms indigenous to the tailings of a silver mine located in Coahuila, Mexico, regarding their capability to remove manganese and silver present in these residues by lixiviation. The Bacterial and fungal strains isolated were identified by sequencing the rDNA 16S and ITS-1-ITS-2 genomic regions, respectively; the bacterial strains correspond to isolates of Roseospira sp. and Sphingomonas sp., whereas the fungal strains include isolates of Cladosporium sp. A, Cladosporium sp. B and Penicillium chrysogenum. These fungal strains show an effective capacity to lixiviate manganese and silver from solid mine residue when incubated in 9 k medium; it was found that under these conditions, leaching of metals occurs due to a mixed biotic-abiotic process, which yields manganese and silver leaching efficiencies in the ranges of 58–74% and 40–67%, respectively. The fungal strains grown in the LMM medium and the bacterial strains incubated in the PDB medium caused leaching of manganese with a lower efficiency in the range of 0.17–0.24% and 1.42–1.73%, respectively; under these conditions, silver leaching by fungal and bacterial strains appeared to be reduced (

El importante aumento de la prevalencia de la obesidad durante las ultimas decadas en el mundo occidental impulsa la creacion de estrategias terapeuticas que ayuden a su control. La eficacia real de cualquier tratamiento medico dependera de su cumplimiento. En el caso de la obesidad, el cumplimiento dependera de la motivacion del paciente para perder peso y de las caracteristicas intrinsecas del propio plan dietetico y se reforzara con la eficacia del propio tratamiento. Los tratamientos con dietas bajas en hidratos de carbono se han propuesto como alternativa en los ultimos anos a las tradicionales hipocaloricas y hipograsas. Desde 2003, varios estudios aleatorizados de mas de 6 meses de duracion abordan su eficacia comparandolas con otras estrategias nutricionales. Como conclusion, independientemente de otras consideraciones metabolicas, se constata que la disminucion ponderal lograda a los 12 meses no es superior con las dietas bajas en hidratos de carbono respecto a otras alternativas, fundamentalmente por no estimular la adherencia al plan dietetico.

The treatment of type III Masson radius head fractures is variable; there is not a clear solution.This study addresses the course of patients treated with radius head replacement for type III Masson fractures at ISSEMYM Medical Center, Ecatepec, Mexico.Four male patients were included; mean age was 34.5 years (range 28-41). The mechanism of injury was direct contusion; 3 of the elbows were left (75%) and one was right (25%). A bipolar uncemented prosthesis was used. According to Broberg and Morrey functional assessment criteria, patients had an excellent course. The mean time elapsed after surgery is 13 months.We concluded that the radius head prosthesis for type III Masson fractures is a good alternative. Patients may start rehabilitation right away, unlike what occurs with other surgical techniques.

Weight loss before bariatric surgery, achieved by means of a very low calorie diet (VLCD) has been recently reported to be related to a lower rate of postoperative complications. However, it is controversial if preoperative weight loss after VLCD could improve postoperative weight loss.To assess the effectiveness of a preoperative VLCD for 6 weeks in weight loss one year after bariatric surgery. To evaluate the changes obtained in anthropometric measures and biochemical parameters after VLCD.Prospective uncontrolled study including severely obese patients undergoing biliopancreatic diversion in our Obesity Unit in 2008-2010. Patients included followed a VLCD providing 840 kcal and 60 g of protein (Optisource®). Descriptive data are presented as mean (standard deviation) and after checking a normal distribution is followed, they were analyzed by Student s T test, ANOVA or Pearson correlation.We evaluated 107 obese patients, 43.5 (10.2) years-old, 72% women, with initial weight 122.4 (18.6) Kg and BMI 46.8 (5.5) kg/m(2). 24.5% of them lost more than 10 % of initial weight and 73.5% more than 5% after following VLCD. Mean percentage of excess weight loss (% PSP) one year after surgery was 59.6 (13.4)%, and although it was higher for those patients losing more weight after VLCD, a significant correlation was not found: those who lost more than 5% showed %PSP 59.5 (13.8) % after twelve months and 68.4 (16.2) % of percentage of excess BMI loss (%PEIMC), vs 57,9 (13,1) % and 68.5 (16.6) % if they didn t lose that amount of weight. Those patients losing more than 10% achieved %PSP 63.3 (13.7) and %PEIMC 70.9 (14.7) vs 58.2 (14.0) y 67.7 (16.7) vs those not losing that amount. Significant correlations between preoperative loss with VLCD and %PSP or %PEIMC at 3,6,9 and 12 months were not found, and only %PSP 1 month after surgery correlated with %PSP after VLCD (r = 0.454, p = 0.003).Preoperative weight loss with VLCD in severely obese patients did not show to improve either %PSP or %PEIMC one year after bariatric surgery.Introducción: Se ha comunicado recientemente que la reducción de peso previa a cirugía bariátrica mediante dieta muy baja en calorías (VLCD) durante 2 semanas supone menor tasa de complicaciones postoperatorias. Es debatido, sin embargo, si la pérdida de peso preoperatoria con VLCD puede favorecer pérdida de peso postoperatoria. Objetivos: Valorar la eficacia de una VLCD, seguida durante 6 semanas preoperatorias, en el descenso de peso conseguido al 2013 de la cirugía bariátrica. Evaluar los cambios en parámetros antropométricos y bioquímicos conseguidos con dicha dieta. Metodología: Estudio prospectivo no controlado en los pacientes obesos sometidos a derivación biliopancréatica en la Unidad de Obesidad de referencia en el periodo 2008-2010. Los pacientes recibieron durante 6 semanas previas a la intervención una VLCD que aportaba diariamente 840 kcal y 60 g de proteínas (Optisource®). Los datos descriptivos se presentan como media y desviación estándar (DS), y tras comprobar su distribución normal, fueron analizados mediante prueba t de Student, ANOVA o correlación de Pearson. Resultados: Fueron valorados 107 pacientes obesos, de 43,5 (10,2) 2013s, el 72 % fueron mujeres con peso inicial 122,4 (18,6) Kg e IMC de 46,8 (5,5) kg/m

En este trabajo se presenta un estudio sobre la cinética y la adsorción al equilibrio de arsénico sobre oxihidróxidos de fierro sintéticos y su extracción por soluciones de bicarbonatos, como un modelo para explicar que una fracción de arsénico puede lixiviarse rápidamente de jales mineros por este mecanismo. La adsorción de arsénico sobre goethita y ferrihidrita sintéticas mostró una cinética de pseudo-primer orden, alcanzando el equilibrio en 6-7 días aproximadamente. Las isotermas de adsorción de arsénico sobre los oxihidróxidos sintéticos llevadas a cabo en diferentes temperaturas mostraron la misma y máxima capacidad de adsorción de 15-18 m / g, presentando un mejor ajuste al modelo de la Isoterma de Langmuir. El 95% de arsénico adsorbido sobre estos materiales fue extraído con una solución de bicarbonato de sodio 0.5 M, pH 8.5 en 2 h. Aproximadamente el 25% del arsénico total de los jales en estudio se lixivió con soluciones de bicarbonatos en 6 h. Estos resultados sugieren que en estos jales existe una fracción de arsénico unido a oxihidróxidos de fierro que puede ser lixiviada rápidamente por soluciones de bicarbonatos.

The establishment of healthy eating habits in children at school and in family life is very important for preventing obesity in children.To know the habits of late-breakfast in a scholar population, the prevalence of overweight and obesity, and establish healthy dietary habits through the late-breakfast.A prospective interventional study was performed in a school group. Children from 10 to 13 years-old were included. The study had three phases: pre-intervention (anthropometric assessment and questionnaire of late-breakfast frequency), intervention (parents and teachers received information about "the importance of proper nutrition in school" focused on the transcendence of a healthy and balanced diet that includes a suitable late-breakfast every day at school, and the students received the late-breakfast during two weeks that included milk, fruit and a traditional sandwich), and post-intervention (questionnaire of late-breakfast frequency).Frequency of overweight was 10.6% and obesity 2.6%. After the intervention the proportion of children who had late-breakfast increased by 9.2%, and the kind of food which they ate changed.Dietary habits can be modified in a scholar population with an easy nutritional intervention.

Malnutrition affects morbidity and mortality of patients with ALS. The nutrition unit should evaluate these patients early and regularly providing the necessary steps in the evolution of the disease.A retrospective cohort study in which we analyzed 46 patients diagnosed with ALS, 21 of them received nutritional therapy. We studied age, mode of onset, date of entry into a nutritional protocol, placement of PEG and survival. We performed a test of Breslow comparing patients who were at nutritional protocol with those not receiving nutritional support, and those who received early nutritional therapy with those with delayed nutrition.There was an increase in median survival for patients in nutritional therapy in bulbar ALS (452 vs 55 days) and in spinal ALS (1,798 vs 357 days) (p = 0.002). The median delay in the initiation of nutritional therapy in spinal ALS was 557 days while in bulbar ALS was 230 days. The survival in the spinal ALS of those who entered into nutritional protocol before the median survival was 325 days to 181 days (p = 0.09) while in bulbar ALS those who entered before had a median survival of 435 days to 177 days (p = 0.38).The entry of patients with ALS in a nutritional protocol increases survival. There is an advantage in the evolution of patients with early nutritional treatment.

Chicken feathers were used as biosorbent for Pb removal from aqueous solution. In this paper, the kinetics and equilibrium studies at several pH, temperature, and metal concentration values are reported. For tested conditions, the Pb sorption capacity of this poultry waste ranged from 0.8 to 8.3 mg/g. Optimal conditions for Pb removal by chicken feathers have been identified. Pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order equations were used to analyze the experimental data. In addition, the sorption isotherms were fitted to classical Langmuir and Freundlich models. Finally, thermodynamic parameters for the sorption process have been determined. In summary, the results showed that chicken feathers are an alternative and promising sorbent for the treatment of effluents polluted by Pb ions., {"references":["S. Davydova, \"Heavy metals as toxicants in big cities,\" Microchemical\nJournal, vol. 79, pp. 133-136, 2005.","H.A. 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Se realizaron experimentos en hidroponia para determinar el efecto de Cr(III) en la germinación de girasol (H. annuus, variedad enana) y la tolerancia y absorción de este metal en presencia y ausencia del quelante SSetilendiamino disuccinato de sodio (SS-EDDS). Se determinó que 40 mg Cr(III) L-1 no afectan significativamente la germinación. Adicionalmente se observó que a menor edad de las plántulas, éstas presentaron mayor tolerancia al Cr(III). Más aún, si las semillas se germinan directamente en las soluciones que contienen Cr(III), el girasol tolera mejor la exposición al metal. Posteriormente, con el objeto de determinar la capacidad de absorción del metal, crecimiento de la planta y producción de clorofila, se germinaron y crecieron las plántulas en: (a) solución nutritiva sin Cr(III) (Control I); (b) solución nutritiva sin Cr(III) + 0.8 mM EDDS (Control II); (c) solución nutritiva con 40 mg L-1 Cr(III); (d) solución nutritiva con 40 mg L-1 Cr(III) + 0.8 mM EDDS. Las plántulas se cosecharon cada tres días y por quince días a partir de la germinación con el fin de determinar la absorción de Cr(III) con respecto al tiempo. Se encontró que después de 15 días las raíces acumularon 7,400 y 710 mg Cr kg-1, mientras que en el tallo, la acumulación fue de 200 y 32 mg Cr kg-1 (peso seco), para los tratamientos con Cr(III) y Cr(III)-SS-EDDS, respectivamente. Por lo tanto, la presencia del SS-EDDS reduce la absorción y traslocación de Cr(III). Los datos indican que si se pretende utilizar H. annuus var. enana para la fitorremediación de Cr(III), es adecuado sembrar directamente en el medio contaminado y además no se requiere la presencia del SS-EDDS. Estas características son importantes ya que se pueden reducir los costos asociados a la fitorremediación de sitios contaminados con Cr(III) utilizando esta especie vegetal.

In this study, the biomass produced from the industrial residues and agricultural waste of Agave tequilana Weber (Agave azul) generated in the production of tequila, demonstrated a high potential for Pb (II) removal from aqueous solution. The biosorption capacity of Agave azul leaves biomass was evaluated in batch experiments. These experiments included pH profile, time dependence, and the determination of adsorption capacity. Time profile experiments indicated that the adsorption of Pb ions by Agave azul biomass was time-dependent. Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms were used to describe the biosorption of Pb (II) onto the Agave azul leaves biomass at 298 K and pH 5.0. The correlation coefficient for the Freundlich isotherm was much higher than the coefficient for the Langmuir isotherm, indicating that only the Freundlich models fits the data. The maximum capacity (KF) was 105.52 10-2 mole/g for Pb (II). The adsorption capacity showed by Agave azul biomass was higher than the average values reported in the literature.

The biosorption and reduction of Cr (VI) onto packed columns of Agave lechuguilla were analyzed using an advection-dispersion with a first order reaction (ADR) model and its analytical solution. Design parameters, such as an axial dispersion coefficient, a retardation factor, a distribution coefficient, and a general first-order decay constant, were estimated as functions of inlet metal ion concentration, pH, operation time, flow rate, cross-sectional column area, the density and length of the bed. The RMSE values (0.096, 0170 and 0.180) with the corresponding flow rates of 1, 2, 3 (10-3) dm3 min-1, respectively, indicated that the ADR model applied to the experimental data adequately explains the adsorption and reduction of Cr (VI) by lechuguilla biomass. The experimental results at different pH values along with the calculated parameters suggest that the adsorption of Cr (VI) took place in the internal pores and the reduction reaction occurred in the external surface of the biomass.

En este estudio se investigó el transporte y destino final del fósforo total detectado tanto en el sistema utilizado como alternativa para abastecimiento de agua potable a la ciudad de Guanajuato, conocido como pozos “Puentecillas” y en la presa la “Purísima”. Debido a la cercanía de algunos de estos pozos a la presa y al hecho de que la presa representa una recarga del acuífero, el transporte de fosfatos desde la presa hacia el acuífero es muy activo. La presencia de 1.6 mg/l de fosfatos en el agua de los pozos y la simulación del transporte de estos compuestos en el agua subterránea apoya la idea de dicha migración.

En este trabajo se investigó la capacidad de la biomasa de “desecho de sorgo” para remover y recuperar iones de cromo(III) de soluciones acuosas, tanto en sistemas en lote como en flujo continuo. Los resultados muestran que los iones de cromo(III) se unen preferentemente a la biomasa de sorgo a pH 4.5-5, después de 15 minutos de contacto, con una capacidad de saturación de aproximadamente 10 mg/g de biomasa seca. La biomasa inmovilizada fue capaz de remover y recuperar eficientemente iones de cromo(III) en flujo continuo y en varios ciclos de remoción-recuperación.

There were no significant differences in terms of age, sex and levels of 25 OHD. Serum Ca and phosphate levels were normal in 96% and 88% of patients respectively. Patients with higher levels of body fat have lower serum 25 OHD (r = 0.50, p = 0.009), with no differences between men and women. Following weight loss, the prevalence of hypovitaminosis was reduced to 46% and the rate of hyperparathyroidism fell by 78%. At the same time, a significant correlation between this hormone and serum 25 OHD; r = 0.554, P= 0.01 was found. The loss of fat mass appears to be associated with the reduction of hypovitaminosis, as we observe an inverse correlation between increased serum levels of 25 OHD; r = 0.35, p = 0.001 and adipose tissue. Conclusion: hypovitaminosis D is highly prevalent in MO patients. Serum levels improve following the loss of fat mass, which suggests higher plasma availability.

Rationale: Fluid and sodium overload has been related to poorer outcomes in surgical patients. The aim of the study was to determine the adequacy of fluid therapy in hospitalized patients of medical wards, and its influence on outcomes. Methods: Cross-sectional study including nil-per-os patients admitted in medical wards from September 2011 to February 2012. We compared the administered fluid therapy with standardized requirements: water 35ml/kg; K: 1mmol/kg, Na/Cl: 2mmol/kg; glucose >130 g/d. Nutritional status was evaluated with SGA. Fasting was considered inappropriate if lasted >7 days in wellnourished and >5 days in malnourished, and nutritional support had not been provided. Multivariate analysis was performed with linear/logistic regression. Results: A sample of 100 patients was included, 51% male, 76.6 (13.3) yr. Fluid therapy lasted 4 (IQR = 2) days, and fasting was inadequately maintained in 27% of patients. Fluid requirements were correctly fulfilled: they needed 2299.6 (355.4) ml and received 2295.7 (683.4) ml. Data about electrolytes are summarized in the table. Glucose supply was 68.8 (29.2) g/d, and 99% received