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In this study, variations in physicochemical parameters and heavy metal contamination in water of theBaie de Lévrier are instigated from 25 stations to assess the quality of water. The pH of the waters isrelatively basic and the temperatures are a little high compared to the temperatures of the Atlantic Ocean inDecember. The measured conductivity remains within the range of known conductivity quantities that is56 μS/cm for the oceans. The average concentration of the four heavy metals in water is therefore in theorder of 0.02. The comparison with the background (SE26) allows us to note that: - concentrations of Cu areeither low or similar to those of the stations SE5, SE8, SE10, SE12, SE13, SE24, SE25, - concentrations of Coare relatively high in most stations SE2, SE4, SE6, SE9, SE11, SE13, SE16, SE17, SE18, SE19, SE20, SE21,SE22, SE23, SE24, particularly in stations SE14 and SE16.; - As concentrations are the same except thestation SE1; - concentrations of Mo in the stations SE4, SE6, SE9, SE12, SE14, SE21, SE23, SE24 are relativelyhigher compared to that of the background, while in the other stations the concentrations are low. Calculatedpollution values (IPs) are less than1, suggesting the absence of pollution in the analyzed water.Igeo valuesare all very low (Igeo<1) for arsenic, particularly at stations SE1 (EF=70), SE5 and SE22(EF=7). Such valueswould be related to the influence of external discrete sources like industrial activities and other anthropogenicorigins.

Geochemical study of seventeen surface soils of the Lévrier Bay used eleven heavy metals to displaydescriptive statistics and to assess the environmental impact of this industrial area. The analysis of elevenheavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, V, Cr, Co, Hg, Cd, As and Mo), major and other trace elements, were performedby ICP-MS. Pollution load Index (PLI) show low degree of contamination. Geochemical Index (Igeo) andenrichment Factor (EF) have been used to assess the environment quality at varied sites in (0-25cm) soils.Results display moderate concentrations for the most of elements excepted the As and Hg which often areupon the amount measured in the UCC baseline. The local presence Hg and As, limited to some sites of thearea, allow to conclude that the soils of the Lévrier Bay didn’t suffer from the human activities in the area.

Barber shop businesses are increasingly mushrooming in average cities and big cities. We can see that many exist in almost every segment and road. Barber shops are commonly made with a box house model with a medium size, dominated by glass and spandex. It is important to examine in depth whether this trend is part of long-standing cultural factors, or is the influence of a global culture promoting the idea that everyone needs a barber shop to keep their appearance updated and current, or is a side culture that was born out of current economic conditions. Another element to consider is the view of Islam, and the value of measurement in pursuing economic value and welfare. The barber shop culture seems to be a reflection of the habits of people living in developing cities and other big cities. Keywords: welfare economics, culture and Islamic perspective, barbershop

Mauritania contains geodiversity that helps to understand its formation and geodynamic evolution by the study and assessment of selected geosites. The aim of this paper is to identify geosites with scientific value and their potential use in promoting geotourism. Eight geosites were selected in order to assess their potential touristic use. The results were obtained using the methodology of Brilha (2016) , which show clearly that “the Guelb ErRichat” is the most important geosite with a value of 360. This work could change the classical background about tourism in Mauritania by proposing the geotourism in addition to cultural tourism. This offers more benefits and supports for sustainable tourism development.

Background Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) leading to adverse drug events (ADEs) are of special interest because they represent preventable medication errors. Preventable ADE can result in errors involving the manifestation of adverse patient outcomes. Given the high complexity of critically ill cardiac patients, it is important to learn how Clinical Drug Decision Support System (CDDSS) affects outcomes in this population and the number of alerts that are likely to be safely suppressed. Purpose Identify adverse DDIs that are clinically detected and review the appropriateness of the doctor's actions to the potential DDIs (PDDIs) alert. Study Design: This is a prospective observational study conducted at a critical cardiac care unit (CCU) in a selected tertiary cardiac center for a duration of six months. Methods Physicians treating critically ill cardiac patients were presented with PDDIs data which were acquired from two commercially available CDDSS. The relationship between the decision to prescribe and factors hypothesized to affect physicians' decisions was examined. Results Evaluation of 709 patient medication profiles were conducted, resulting in 521 assessed patient profiles having had one or more PDDIs with 87% of them being influenced by polypharmacy. Ninety-one patients (17.5%) were associated with one or more adverse DDIs. Of the total 3284 potential DDIs alerts, 95.5% of the alerts were overridden. Preventable ADE as an outcome of inappropriate override has resulted in 83.1%. (236/284) of adverse DDIs. Whereas appropriate overrides as an outcome of clinically irrelevant ADE were 16.9% (48/284). Conclusion Poor preventive actions taken by the doctors caused drug-related harm to the patients despite having CDDSS in place. This suggests that CDDSS is an important application to minimize the harm associated with adverse DDIs by alerting physicians of potentially unsafe situations. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): International Medical UniversityNational Heart Institute

The complexity of life is increasing in a sophisticated way. The evolution of human civilization from primitive conditions to being completely technological is a reality that cannot be denied. This is due to talking about a civilization certainly will not be separated from people's lives as a continuous activity. The development of technobily directs the activities of life to always look for opportunities behind the crevices of creative thinking piles of each individual. Therefore, the chance of getting these opportunities is getting smaller. Especially if we focus our study in the context of da’wah (an invitation to Islam) which is a noble activity to invite people on the right path according to the religious guidance that God commands through the great prophet Muhammad PBUH and its truth is highly recognized. Therefore, it is very essential to position Da’wah at a stage where Da'wah has a great opportunity to occupy a strategic position so that the visions and missions of Da'wah can reach the society which is getting more complex in today's modern era. Therefore, this paper discussed about management strategies that are correlated with Da’wah because preaching with a noble vision will not be successful without good management and strategy.

The study aims to perform the immobilization/stabilization process quality of ions exchange resins by cementation. For this purpose, three natural and local materials were tested as additions: (1) limestone, (2) marly clay and (3) marly limestone. After characterization of these additions, mainly by X-ray diffraction, the experimental study was initiated by the preparation of cemented packages according to two formulations. The first was carried out without addition and the second with addition. The second stage of the work was focused on studying the additions effects on the physicochemical properties and the mechanical behavior of the cemented resins packages. The obtained results showed that additions improve significantly the mechanical strength and the physicochemical properties of the studied packages. Local marly clay, rich in kaolinite and free silica, has made it possible, as a natural addition, to prepare the most efficient cemented resins packages.

In machine vision, surveillance systems are a kind of security that concentrates on the safety of the human and property. One of the main tasks of a surveillance system is the detection of humans. This paper presents a system of human detection and the development of a technique of human segmentation using a combination of information thermal and depth in a real indoor setting from a mobile robot. A novel fusion of thermal-depth information (FTDI) is introduced to enhance the efficiency of the segmentation process and expedite processing. In experimental studies, evaluation of the performance for the proposed system is carried out using Ground Truth (GT), in which the proposed system yield is compared to GT. The proposed system performs well with an approximate accuracy of over 90% for all data sets as illustrated in the quantitative results and even outperformed state-of-the-art algorithms. This paper presents the novelty of the work, in which the detection method can improve the classification of persons and their occlusion. The advantages, such as being computationally inexpensive and performs well even under severe occlusion and poor illumination, show that this proposed system is robust.

Objectives: To evaluate the level of public awareness regarding cervical spine injuries among adult residents of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out between June and November 2020. It involved structured questionnaires, collecting information on participant socio-demographic characteristics, first responder training status, and the awareness of cervical spine trauma and suitable first aid response. Results: A total of 4914 respondents (age, 31.6 ± 11.8 years) completed the survey. Most participants (75.2%) reported road traffic accidents as a risk factor for cervical spine injury. Moreover, 79.4% of the participants reported that cervical spine injury may be accompanied by damage to the spinal cord. Motor and sensory disability, and trouble breathing were recognized as complications associated with cervical spine injuries by 52.1%, 39%, and 28.8% of the participants, respectively. Fewer than one in 3 participants was aware of cervical spine trauma or the suitable first aid response. Conclusion: Public awareness regarding cervical spine trauma is poor among the KSA residents, although most study participants were aware trauma victims should be immobilized at the site of the accident until the arrival of an emergency response team.

Background Pharmacotherapy in the management of cardiovascular disease patients with multiple co-morbidities has been challenging due to polypharmacy (five or more drugs). They have been attributed with potential drug – drug interactions (DDI). Detecting the clinically significant drug interactions allows the opportunity for prevention through clinical drug decision support system (CDDSS) and clinical management. Purpose To identify significant potential DDI in critical cardiac patients Method We prospectively observed patients admitted at CCCU received multiple medications leading to potential DDI from Feb 2018 to July 2018 using two commercially available CDDSS along clinical management and pharmacovigilance algorithm. Results Patients admitted at CCCU co-administered with two or more drugs were analyzed. The mean age was 61.1 years. Total 649 patients were screened, resulting 87.7% (569/649) patients took more than five drugs. Of the 4249 potential DDI 543 were unique interacting drug pairs. On average, CCU patients were prescribed with 12.1 drugs, potentiating 14.1 potential DDI. Older patients (>60 years) received more medications than younger ones (mean 18.7 vs 15.1 drugs). 82.1% patients had one or more potential DDI with major and moderate severity detected by one or both CDDSS. Common potential clinical adverse was bleeding, QTc prolongation and CYP3A4 inhibition. Both CDDSS agreed on the severity ratings in 36.9%. There were significant association of potential DDI with specific risk factors (geriatric, female, Indian and heart failure patients) Conclusions Rate of potential DDI adversely influenced by polypharmacy, antiarrhythmic drugs, comorbidities and LOS. Significant potential DDI occur in the CCU, highlighting the need for CDDSS potentially prevent patient harm. Identified risk factors (geriatrics population, female sex, Indian ethnicity and heart failure patients) can be used in mitigating adverse DDI. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Private hospital(s). Main funding source(s): NATIONAL HEART INSTITUTE

Background In recent years there have been warnings concerning drug-induced life-threatening arrhythmias. Drug interactions can increase the risk of QT interval prolongation via interaction of pharmacokinetic mechanism. Some drugs such as Ivabradine does not affect the repolarization or affect the QT interval themselves. However, it can increase the risk of QT prolongation when taken with drugs that block the metabolic breakdown which inhibit the CYP3A4 enzyme particularly. Predisposing factors of QT prolongation include female sex, age over 65 years, brady-arrhythmia, electrolyte disturbances (hypokalemia, hypomagnesaemia), cardiac disease (congestive heart failure, ventricular hypertrophy, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation), impaired hepatic/renal function and hypothyroidism. Purpose To assess potential Ivabradine – CYP3A4 inhibitor interactions in a Cardiac Critical Care Unit (CCCU). Method We prospectively observed patients admitted at CCCU received Ivabradine and CYP3A4 inhibitor (QTprolonging agent) concomitantlyfrom Feb 2018 to July 2018 at National Heart Institute, Malaysia. We use a clinical drug decision support system (CDDSS) to identify the potential drug-drug interactions (PDDI) and assessed the likelihood of drug - drug interactions (DDI) using Drug Interaction Probability Scale (DIPS). Results Patients admitted at CCCU co-administered with Ivabradine and CYP3A4 inhibitors (amiodarone/azithromycin) were analyzed. The severity level for both potential Ivabradine – Azithromycin and Ivabradine – Amiodarone interactions were alerted by the CDDSS as Major. Total 10 (M = 70%) patients were screened. The mean age was ± 57 years old. They had no previous exposure to both or one of the medications before. All patients had underlying cardiac disease. The left ventricular ejection fractions (LVEF) ranged from 15% - 65%. Adverse drug event (ADE) occurred in 7 (70%) patients [Male = 5 (71%), Female = 2 (67%)]. 70% of patients had prolonged QT interval induced by Ivabradine – Amiodarone and Ivabradine – Azithromycin All patients had QTc interval < 500 ms before co-administration and had a change of ± 100 ms after coadministration. The onset of ADE ranged from day 2 to day 5 in all patients. One had life threatening arrhythmia; ventricular fibrillation and require defibrillator and another one patient had non-sustained ventricular tachycardia. The most common precipitating factor was underlying cardiac disease. All suspected precipitating drug was discontinued. DIPS revealed; 57% patients scored 9 points (highly probable DDI) and the rest scored between 5-7 points (probable DDI). Conclusion Ivabradine potentially associated to fatal arrhythmia when it is co-administered with CYP3A4 inhibitor. Hence, the physician should reconsider such combination within the correct clinical context to avoid cardiovascular deterioration especially in a critical care setting.

Resumen Objetivo Evaluar la incorporacion de un farmaceutico de hospital a la actividad habitual de una unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI). Diseno Estudio observacional prospectivo para evaluar las intervenciones farmaceuticas, realizadas por un farmaceutico adscrito temporalmente a una UCI, sobre las prescripciones medicas. Ambito UCI medico-quirurgica con 21 camas. Pacientes Se incluyeron los pacientes con al menos una estancia en UCI y se excluyeron los pacientes con ingreso y alta en periodos en los que no se conto con la presencia fisica del farmaceutico. Intervenciones Se realizaban tras la revision diaria de las prescripciones y se comunicaban de forma verbal o escrita al medico responsable. Variables principales Intervenciones realizadas, grupo terapeutico de los medicamentos implicados, forma de realizacion de la intervencion y el grado de aceptacion. Resultados Se realizaron 194 intervenciones en 62 pacientes. La mayoria estaban relacionadas con aspectos de seguridad (33%) y optimizacion de la terapia (32%). Las mas frecuentes se dirigieron a la administracion de medicamentos por sonda nasogastrica (19%) y a la monitorizacion farmacocinetica (14,4%). Los grupos de medicamentos mas implicados fueron los antiinfecciosos en un 33% de los casos y los del aparato digestivo en un 27%. El 56,2% de las intervenciones se realizaron verbalmente y el 80% fueron aceptadas. Conclusiones La adscripcion de un farmaceutico a una UCI y la realizacion de intervenciones sobre las prescripciones han permitido mejorar la seguridad y optimizar la farmacoterapia en mas de la mitad de los pacientes. La alta tasa de aceptacion de las mismas apoyaria la implementacion de este tipo de programas en las unidades de criticos.

Objective To evaluate incorporation of the hospital pharmacist to the routine activity of an intensive care unit (ICU). Design A prospective observational study was carried out to evaluate the impact of pharmacist interventions, made by a pharmacist temporarily assigned to the ICU, upon medical prescriptions. Setting A medical and surgical ICU with 21 beds. Patients Patients with at least one ICU stay were included, while patients with admission and discharge in periods when the pharmacist was not present were excluded. Interventions The interventions were made after daily review of the prescriptions, and were communicated verbally or in writing to the supervising physician. Main variables Number of interventions, therapeutic group of the drugs involved, type of intervention and degree of acceptance. Results A total of 194 interventions were made in 62 patients. The majority were related to safety aspects (33%) and the optimization of therapy (32%). The most frequent interventions were the administration of drugs via the nasogastric tube (19%) and pharmacokinetic monitoring (14.4%). The most frequently involved groups of drugs were anti-infectious agents (33%) and digestive system medications (27%). A total of 56.2% of the interventions were made verbally, and 80% were accepted. Conclusions Pharmacist adscription to an ICU and the implementation of interventions on prescriptions have allowed improvement of safety and the optimization of pharmacotherapy in more than 50% of the patients. The high rate of acceptance of these interventions would support the implementation of such programs in critical care units.

In the underlay spectrum sharing approach, cognitive radios have limited coverage area to keep interference protection for the licensed users. Multiple cooperative relays have shown benefit for allowing reliable communication with an increase in the radio coverage area. The performance of an underlay cognitive cooperative multiple relays network (CCMRN) is evaluated in case of imperfect channel state information (CSI). In this paper, CCMRN will be treated as a secondary network with multiple decode and forward relays, whereas the secondary user (SU) transmitter will select a single relay from the available set of relays. The relay selection process is based on obtaining maximum end-to-end effective capacity ( $C_{\text {eff}}$ ) as seen by the SU. By assuming cooperation between the licensed primary network and the unlicensed secondary network, the SU and the selective secondary relay can share the spectrum with occupying two orthogonal channels of two different primary users (PUs). According to the average interference power constraint of the PUs, the SU allowed maximum power transmission will be obtained. Network performance is assessed in terms of the SU maximum end-to-end $C_{\text {eff}}$ as well as outage probability ( $P_{\text {out}}$ ). Mathematical expressions for $C_{\text {eff}}$ and $P_{\text {out}}$ are derived for practical multipath Rayleigh faded channel. The analytical results illustrate the effect of the imperfect CSI on the performance metrics with applying various constraints such as available multiple relays group size, statistical delay quality of service, and average interference power.

Intumescent coating is a passive fire protection system used to prevent and resist the spreading of fire. The coating swells several times of its thickness on exposure to the fire, forming cellular foam and acts as an insulative barrier, thus delaying the heat transfer to the protected substrate. The study aims to analyse waste glass powder filler’s effect into intumescent coating formulation limited to one size of waste glass powder. Waste glass is a broken form of leftover by-product from industrial and domestic. Millions of tons of waste glass generated every year, adding with their non-biodegradable nature causing additional environmental pollution. Waste glass powder contains high silica composition known for its high thermal stability, weather resistance, hydrophobicity, low surface tension, and high oxidation resistance. The coating showed improved thermal stability, weather resistance, and adhesion when added into intumescent coating formulation. The lowest recorded backside substrate temperature 154.6 °C compare to coating without the waste glass filler, 333.7 C. The coating also showed less than 0.1% total weight loss for samples with 4% wt. filler after immersion in seawater for 15 days compared to the control formulation, 0.19%. The char morphology analysis showed the emergence of silica and calcium elements occupying the expandable char’s gaps, thus strengthening the char structure.

In this study, the photocatalytic degradation of Congo red has been investigated in N-doped TiO2 (N-TiO2) aqueous suspensions under visible light irradiation. Visible light-active N-TiO2 was successfully prepared at three different weight contents (2.5, 5, and 7%) employing sol–gel method. It was able to harvest the visible irradiation with wavelength suitable for activation. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer, diffused reflectance UV–Vis spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption Brunauer–Emmert–Teller, Raman spectroscopy, photoluminescence and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer were used to characterize the doped catalyst. The samples had a relatively large specific Brunauer–Emmert–Teller surface areas of about 42 m2 g−1 with average X-ray diffraction crystalline size of 52 nm and showed visible light photocatalytic activity at about 408 nm. The impacts of several operating parameters on the Congo red photodegradation process were examined. Langmuir–Hinshelwood model exhibited pseudo-first-order degradation kinetics. N-TiO2-assisted plausible photodegradation mechanism has been suggested based on the qualitatively detected intermediate compounds.

Global development goals increasingly rely on country-specific estimates for benchmarking a nation's progress. To meet this need, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2016 estimated global, regional, national, and, for selected locations, subnational cause-specific mortality beginning in the year 1980. Here we report an update to that study, making use of newly available data and improved methods. GBD 2017 provides a comprehensive assessment of cause-specific mortality for 282 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1980 to 2017. The Lancet Publishing Group