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Proteases can be used in several biotechnological processes including detergent, food and leather industries. In the leather industry, dehairing is carried out by chemicals, which pollute the envir...

The use of alternative ingredients has been increasing in a continuing attempt to reduce production costs, along with the use of additives, such as carbohydrates, for their possible positive effects on nutrient metabolization by layers. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of different xylanases in diets with reduced metabolizable energy (ME) and the inclusion of alternative ingredients on the metabolizability of nutrients in diets for commercial laying hens, by conducting two metabolism tests. In the first trial,100 layers hens were distributed in a fully randomized 2 × 2+1 factorial design (two metabolizable energy reductions × two xylanases, plus one control diet). In the second assay,140layer hens were distributed in a fully randomized 2 × 3+2 factor design (two xylanases× three ingredients, plus two control diets, positive and negative). It was concluded that supplementation with pantanal xylanase improved the metabolizability of nutrients in corn-based diets and soybean meal for light commercial layers, allowing for a reduction of up to 200 kcal/kg of ME in the diets. Xylanases are more effective on wheat bran enabling a decrease of 150 kcal/kg of ME in commercial laying diets without affecting nutrient metabolizability. The action of pantanal xylanase in diets containing fibrous ingredients was similar to that of commercial xylanase. O uso de ingredientes alternativos vem aumentando em uma tentativa contínua de reduzir os custos de produção, juntamente com o uso de aditivos, como os carboidratos, para seus possíveis efeitos positivos na metabolização de nutrientes por camadas. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos de diferentes xilanases em dietas com energia metabolizável reduzida (ME) e a inclusão de ingredientes alternativos sobre a metabolizabilidade de nutrientes em dietas para galinhas poedeiras comerciais, realizando dois testes de metabolismo. No primeiro ensaio, 100 aves foram distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2x2+1 (duas reduções de energia metabolizável x duas xilanases, mais uma dieta controle). No segundo ensaio, 140 aves foram distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2x3+2 (duas xilanases x três ingredientes -, mais duas dietas controle positivo e controle negativo). Conclui-se que a suplementação com xilanase do Pantanal melhora a metabolizabilidade dos nutrientes de dietas a base de milho e farelo de soja para poedeiras comerciais leves, possibilitando a redução em até 200 Kcal/kg de energia metabolizável das dietas. As xilanases são mais efetivas sobre o farelo de trigo e possibilitam a redução de 150 Kcal/kg de energia metabolizável nas dietas de poedeiras comerciais, sem prejuízo na metabolizabilidade dos nutrientes. Em dietas contendo ingredientes fibrosos a ação da xilanase do Pantanal é similar a xilanase comercial.

This study aims to determine the essential oil chemical composition of Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E.Br. ex Britton & P. Wilson collected in the Brazilian Chaco where plants grow in conditions of high temperatures in the summer, periodic flood, low temperatures and air humidity in the winter. We also evaluate the oil antifungal activity against the animal and plant pathogenic fungi Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger, A. terreus, Fusarium sp., Penicillium funiculosum and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Leaf essential oils were extracted by Clevenger hydrodistillation and characterized by GC-MS. The major essential oil components were linalool (38.26%), trans-ocimenone (6.57%) and caryophyllene oxide (6.48%). At first time L. alba from Brazilian Chaco was identified as a chemotype producing linalool. The essential oils showed antifungal activity, mainly against S. slerotiorum, a fungi species related with diseases in soybean plants, with 100% of growth inhibition. These results suggest the potential alternative of this species to synthetic fungicides and confirm its popular uses as an important medicinal plant in South America. Key words: Brazilian Chaco, erva cidreira, essential oil, pathogenic fungi, glandular trichome, terpenes.

The endo-xylanase from Aspergillus japonicus (UFMS 48.136) was purified in a single step using carboximethylcellulose chromatographic column and applied in fruit juice clarification process and fruit peel waste hydrolysis. This purification procedure resulted in 38.9-fold purification of endo-xylanase with 83.3% final yield. MALDITOF analysis confirmed the molecular mass of 32 kDa. The optimal purified endo-xylanase activity was at a range of pH from 5.0 to 6.0 and from 50 to 60 +-C, retaining more than 70% of its activity at all pH studied (3.0?8.0) for 24 h at room temperature. The A. japonicus endo-xylanolytic activity stimulation curve was assayed in the presence of different birchwood xylan concentrations (ranging from 0.02 to 0.5% w/v) and the endoxylanase activity presented a Vmax of 467.4 +- 30.38 μmol/min/mg, with a km of 2.59 +- 0.17 mg/mL, a kcat of 253.95 +- 16.51 s -1 and a kcat/km value of 98.05 +- 4.41 mL s -1 mg -1. The endo-xylanase was activated by Mn2þ (34.5%) and inhibited by Cu2þ (56.9%). The endo-xylanase was activated by β-mercaptoethanol, Triton X-100, Tween-20, Tween-80 and ferulic acid. In the clarification assay, endo-xylanase successfully clarified the juices of mango (51.11%), banana (9.99%) and tangerine (8.54%). Furthermore, the enzyme also hydrolysed all fruit peel wastes that were tested. In summary, A. japonicus endo-xylanase showed potential for applications in fruit juice clarification and in the treatment of fruit peel wastes, and it is a good candidate for the food industry due to its wide pH stability under acidic conditions. Made available in DSpace on 2020-01-23T18:06:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Applicationofanendoxylanase.pdf: 1010205 bytes, checksum: a7a108b26c309f1402ff8f3d1a2b44d6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

The proteases are enzymes produced by several filamentous fungi with important biotechnological applications. In this work, a protease from Aspergillus flavus was characterized. The culture filtrate of A. flavus was purified to homogeneity by Sephacryl S-200 column chromatography followed by CM–cellulose. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme was estimated to be approximately 32 kDa by SDS–PAGE. The enzyme hydrolysed BTpNA (N-α-benzoyl-dl-tyrosyl-p-nitroanilide), azo-casein and casein as substrates. Optimal temperature and pH were 55 °C and 6.5, respectively. The enzyme was stimulated by Mg2+, Ca2+, Zn2+ and inhibited by Hg2+ and Ag2+ and Cu2+. The protease showed increased activity with detergents, such as Tween 80 and Triton X, and was stable to the reducing agents, such as β-mercaptoethanol. The protease activity was strongly inhibited in the presence of phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, indicating it is a serine protease. The enzyme entrapped in calcium alginate beads retained its activity ...

The feeding represents most of the total cost of production and to reduce costs and increase the profit of the producer have been researched alternative food, as the pie of babassu palm, the pie of palm and the cassava bagasse, which show potential for usein feeding the chickens for slow growth, however, with limited use, due to the different grades of fiber. Non-starch polysaccharides make it difficult for digestible enzymes to reach the food, reducing the digestibility of nutrients. To minimize this effect, exogenous enzymes have been supplemented in DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20873/uft.2359-3652.2017v4n2p35Revista Desafios –v. 04,n. 02, 201736poultry diets. Various sources can originate these additives, most of which are acquired through fermentation processes. The temperature, pH, substrate concentration and composition of the ingredients are factors that influence the enzymatic action and consequently the availability of the nutrients. Studies show that the use of fungal enzymes can increase the nutritional value of the food and improves the digestibility of nutrients, reflecting the productive efficiency, representing savings in production costs and benefits to the environment, however, it is necessary to evaluate the use in diets with alternative foods of Regional expression.

La pratica vaccinale in Italia è organizzativamente incardinata all’interno del Servizio Sanitario Nazionale (SSN) e nei Servizi Sanitari Regionali (SSR). I luoghi “classici” in cui viene effettuata la procedura/prestazione vaccinale sono i servizi di vaccinazione della Aziende Sanitarie Locali (ASL) o Provinciali (ASP) delle varie Regioni.

Filamentous fungal secretomes comprise highly dynamic sets of proteins, including multiple carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) which are able to hydrolyze plant biomass polysaccharides into products of biotechnological interest such as fermentable sugars. In recent years, proteomics has been used to identify and quantify enzymatic and non-enzymatic polypeptides present in secretomes of several fungi species. The resulting data have widened the scientific understanding of the way filamentous fungi perform biomass degradation and offered novel perspectives for biotechnological applications. The present review discusses proteomics approaches that have been applied to the study of fungal secretomes, focusing on two of the most studied filamentous fungi genera: Trichoderma and Aspergillus.

The feeding represents most of the total cost of production and to reduce costs and increase the profit of the producer have been researched alternative food, as the pie of babassu palm, the pie of palm and the cassava bagasse, which show potential for use in feeding the chickens for slow growth, however, with limited use, due to the different grades of fiber. Non-starch polysaccharides make it difficult for digestible enzymes to reach the food, reducing the digestibility of nutrients. To minimize this effect, exogenous enzymes have been supplemented in poultry diets. Various sources can originate these additives, most of which are acquired through fermentation processes. The temperature, pH, substrate concentration and composition of the ingredients are factors that influence the enzymatic action and consequently the availability of the nutrients. Studies show that the use of fungal enzymes can increase the nutritional value of the food and improves the digestibility of nutrients, reflecting the productive efficiency, representing savings in production costs and benefits to the environment, however, it is necessary to evaluate the use in diets with alternative foods of Regional expression. Keywords: Zootechnical additives; Enzymatic activity; Non-starch polysaccharides., Su objetivo era abordar en esta revisión sobre las enzimas fúngicas y sus efectos sobre las dietas con alimentos alternativos para los pollos de crecimiento lento. La alimentación representa la mayor parte del coste total de la producción y reducir los costes y aumentar lucre del productor se han investigado alimento alternativo, tal como la torta de babasú, la torta de palmiste y bagazo de yuca, que demuestra el potencial para su uso em la alimentación pollos cateto, sin embargo, conun uso limitado debido a los diferentes contenidos de fibra. Polisacáridos no amiláceos dificultan el acceso de las enzimas digestible acerca de los alimentos, lo que reduce la digestibilidad de los nutrientes. Para minimizar este efecto, se han complementado enzimas exógenas em las dietas de las aves. Varias fuentes pueden originate a estos aditivos, la mayoría adquirida através de los procesos de fermentación. La temperatura, pH, concentración de sustrato y la composición de los ingredientes son factores que afectan a la actividad enzimática y, por consiguiente, la disponibilidad de nutrientes. Los estudios demuestran que el uso de enzimas de fúngicas puede aumentar el valor nutritivo de los alimentos y mejorar la digestibilidad de los nutrientes, lo que refleja la eficiência productiva, lo que representa un ahorro en los costes de producción y beneficios para el medio ambiente, sin embargo, es necessário evaluarel uso de dietas con alimento alternativo expresión regional. Descriptores: Aditivos zootécnicos; La actividad enzimática; Polisacáridos no amiláceos., Objetivou-se nesta revisão abordar sobre enzimas fúngicas e seus efeitos em dietas com alimentos alternativos para frangos de crescimento lento. A alimentação representa maior parte do custo total de produção e para reduzir os gastos e aumentar o lucro do produtor têm sido pesquisados alimentos alternativos, como a torta de babaçu, a torta de dendê e o bagaço de mandioca, que demonstram potencial de utilização na alimentação de frangos caipira, no entanto, com limitação de uso, devido os diferentes teores de fibra. Os polissacarídeos não amiláceos dificultam o acesso das enzimas digestíveis sobre o alimento, diminuindo a digestibilidade dos nutrientes. Para minimizar esse efeito, têm sido suplementados enzimas exógenas nas dietas das aves. Várias fontes podem originar esses aditivos, sendo a maioria adquirida por meio dos processos fermentativos. A temperatura, o pH, a concentração do substrato e a composição dos ingredientes são fatores que influenciam a ação enzimática e, consequentemente, a disponibilidade dos nutrientes. O uso das enzimas fúngicas pode aumentar o valor nutricional do alimento e melhorar a digestibilidade dos nutrientes, refletindo na eficiência produtiva, representando economia no custo de produção e benefícios ao meio ambiente, todavia, torna-se necessário avaliar o uso em dietas com alimentos alternativos de expressão regional.

The abusive use of antimicrobials have caused resistance in the microorganisms. Therefore, inovations in research of modern microbiology developed the photodynamic inactivation that is non-toxic and do not promote microbian resistance since it has multiples action sites. When a photoactive molecule is activated by light, it becomes more toxic for the microorganism than for the human cells, increasing the phototoxic effect against such cells. We tested the incorporation of the photosensitizer crystal violet by Aspergillus flavus and its viability in different periods of time of incubation (6 and 18 hours), concentrations of crystal violet (4μM, 10μM e 15 μM) and different conditions (resting and agitation). We also tested the photoinactivation of Aspergillus flavus containing crystal violet. The incorporation rate does not depend on the concentration of CV neither on the condition of incubation. It depends exclusively on the medium, since it presented higher values in lack ingredients medium. The assays of viability of fungi after exposure to crystal violet show that there is fungic growth when samples are maintained in the dark. However, when the culture were submitted to excitation via laser, there was a decrease in the biomass growth, which indicates that there was photodynamic inactivation of the fungi.