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Scorpion envenomation, a grave public health concern, is primarily driven by the potent neurotoxins chlorotoxin and leiurotoxin present in Leiurus species venom. Developing effective treatments is crucial to mitigate its impact. Utilizing a drug-repositioning bioinformatics-based approach, potential inhibitors of these neurotoxins were identified from Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs. Through virtual screening and subsequent molecular dynamics simulations, their ability to stabilize the peptides over time was evaluated. Among the compounds scrutinized, bolazine emerged as a promising candidate, demonstrating significant affinity for both neurotoxins, indicating potential dual inhibitory activity. Molecular dynamics simulations further corroborated the enhanced stability of bolazine complexes compared to neurotoxins alone. These findings suggest the feasibility of repurposing existing drugs to develop new therapeutic strategies to treat scorpion envenomation. Such interventions hold promise in alleviating the severe health repercussions of scorpion stings and meeting the urgent demand for effective remedies in affected communities.

Scorpion envenomation, a grave public health concern, is primarily driven by the potent neurotoxins chlorotoxin and leiurotoxin present in Leiurus species venom. Developing effective treatments is crucial to mitigate its impact. Utilizing a drug-repositioning bioinformatics-based approach, potential inhibitors of these neurotoxins were identified from Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs. Through virtual screening and subsequent molecular dynamics simulations, their ability to stabilize the peptides over time was evaluated. Among the compounds scrutinized, bolazine emerged as a promising candidate, demonstrating significant affinity for both neurotoxins, indicating potential dual inhibitory activity. Molecular dynamics simulations further corroborated the enhanced stability of bolazine complexes compared to neurotoxins alone. These findings suggest the feasibility of repurposing existing drugs to develop new therapeutic strategies to treat scorpion envenomation. Such interventions hold promise in alleviating the severe health repercussions of scorpion stings and meeting the urgent demand for effective remedies in affected communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research work deals with the problem of controlling a salient-pole permanent-magnet synchronous motor (SP-PMSM) used in hybrid electric vehicles. An adaptive nonlinear controller based on the backstepping technique is developed to meet the following requirements: control of the reference vehicle speed in the presence of load variation and changes in the internal motor parameters while keeping the reliability and stability of the vehicle. The complexity of the control problem lies on the system nonlinearity, instability and the problem of inaccessibility to measure all the internal parameters, such as inertia, friction and load variation. For this issue, an adaptive backstepping regulator is developed to estimate these parameters. On the basis of formal analysis and simulation, as well as test results, it is clearly shown that the designed controller achieves all the goals, namely robustness and reliability of the controller, stability of the system and speed control, considering the uncertainty parameters’ measurements.

The high-voltage battery is a crucial element for EV traction systems. It is the primary energy source that must be regularly recharged to reach the autonomy declared by the manufacturer. Therefore, an EV charging system is required to ensure the battery charging process. This review thoroughly investigates the available EV charging technologies and the most popular batteries for EV applications. The contributions of this work can be summarized as follows: the classification and topologies of electric vehicle chargers are examined, an overview of the current EV charging standards is provided, the state-of-the-art of EV charging couplers is discussed, and the most widely used batteries in EV applications are reviewed.

It is well known that the classical topologies of Buck–Boost converters drain pulsating current from the power source. These pulsating currents entail acceleration of the aging rate of the fuel cell. In this paper, we are considering a Buck–Boost DC–DC converter topology featuring continuous input current. The converter interleaved structure ensures the substantial increase in power density compensating power losses related to the converter switching nature. The control objective is to enforce the DC-bus voltage to track its desired value despite load uncertainties and to ensure adequate current sharing between the different parallel modules of the fuel cell interleaved Buck–Boost converter (FC-IBBC). The point is that the internal voltage of the fuel cell is not accessible for measurement. Therefore, the state-feedback control, which consists of nonlinear control laws, is designed on the basis of a nonlinear model of the FC-IBBC system. We formally prove that the proposed controller meets its objectives, i.e., DC-bus voltage regulation and equal current sharing. The theoretical proof relies on the asymptotic stability analysis of the closed-loop system using Lyapunov stability tools. The theoretical results are well confirmed both by simulation, using MATLAB®/Simulink®, and by experimental tests using DS 1202 MicroLabBox.

In this paper, a dc–dc boost converter with continuous input is investigated. In addition to its input current, the converter offers the advantage of using a reduced number of electronic components. The objective is to design an appropriate controller for the nonlinear model taking into account the system nonlinearities, the uncertainty of the resistance load, the constrained fuel cell current, and the saturation of the control input signal (duty ratio).The point is that the converter presents a no minimum phase feature, and the duty ratio must constrain between 0 and 1. Then, a saturated nonlinear controller is elaborated. Detailed analysis and simulation show that the proposed controller meets all control objectives, namely: tight dc-bus voltage regulation and asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system. Experimental results are also given, which show the effectiveness of the controller. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presented a nonlinear control for a reversible power buck–boost converter (BBC) in order to control energy storage in a supercapacitor (SC) used in hybrid electric vehicles (HEV). The aim was to control a power converter in order to satisfy the following two requirements: (i) perfect tracking of SC current to its reference signal and (ii) asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system. The two objectives were achieved using an integral sliding mode control. In order to validate the proposed approach, an experimental prototype was built. The controller was integrated into dSPACE prototyping systems using the DS1202 card. It was clearly shown, using formal analysis, simulation, and experimental results, that the designed controller metall the objectives, namely, the stability of the system and the control of the current at its reference.

Turner syndrome is a common sex chromosome disorder characterized by complete or partial absence of an X chromosome. The spectrum of its clinical features and cytogenetics are various. We report new chromosomal formula revealed by DSD and associated with translocation (13,14). To our knowledge, this is the first case of 45X, t(13;14) de novo translocation as a variation of Turner syndrome in a patient with this clinical presentation.

L'hypogonadisme hypothalamohypophysaire congénital (HHC) est défini par une production insuffisante des hormones sexuelles en conséquence d'un dysfonctionnement de la commande hypothalamohypophysaire. On parle de déficit combiné lorsquéil est associé à une atteinte des autres axes endocriniens. Il est évoqué chez le garçon devant un micropénis, devant un retard pubertaire à l'adolescence et une infertilité à l'âge adulte. Une anomalie de la différentiation sexuelle (DSD) ou une sous virilisation des organes génitaux externe (OGE) est un mode de découverte exceptionnel. Sur les images un enfant issu d'un mariage consanguin dont les parents néont consulté quéà l'âge de 13ans pour une petite taille sévère et une ambiguïté sexuelle de leur enfant. L'interrogatoire a noté l'absence d'anosmie et l'examen clinique a objectivé une taille et un poids inférieurs à moins 4 déviations standards (A). L'examen des OGE a trouvé une DSD classée Prader V, avec un bourgeon de 1 cm, un scrotum d'aspect vulviforme, les gonades intrascrotals de 1 cm (B). Le caryotype était en faveur d'un DSD XY. L'échographie pelvienne et la génitographie ont précisé le type masculin des organes génitaux internes et de l'urètre. Le bilan hormonal était en faveur d'un HHC combiné à un déficit somatrope, les autres axes hypophysaires étaient respectés. L'IRM hypothalamohypophysaire était normale. L'enfant a bénéficié d'un traitement par hormone de croissance recombinante, de 3 cures de micropénis et d'une substitution androgénique retardée jusqu'à un âge osseux de 14ans en vue d'une bonne évolution staturale. L'évolution était très satisfaisante avec un recul de 4ans (A et C).