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The main problems of the concepts of consciousness: explanation of the mechanism of the psyche; substantiation of free will; tabula rasa problem; the nature of the principles of scientific theories and morality - do not have a satisfactory solution within the framework of materialistic concepts. There are reasons to believe that consciousness goes beyond space-time, which leads to the idea of substantiating the nature of consciousness from the standpoint of the relational paradigm of theoretical physics.

The conceptual options for small spacecraft on the basis of a unified space platform are analyzed, the areas of rational use of the unified space platform as part of the small spacecraft for solving a wide range of tasks, including monitoring of the Arctic regions, are explored. Methodical approaches are given to ensure the design analysis of circuit solutions of the unified space platform for small spacecraft remote sensing. The actual problem of selecting the standard size of the unified space platform, evaluating the effectiveness of its use, taking into account the necessary modernization for a specific payload, is being investigated. A technique and models for selecting the parameters for the modification of the remote sensing satellites have been developed. The application of the methodology makes it possible to determine the rational parameters for modifying the remote sensing spacecraft, to evaluate the impact of the features of design solutions and external relations on the total costs in the implementation of the project for the creation of the unified space platform. The relevance of research is related to the need to create competitive variants of small-sized spacecraft based on a unified space platform, designed to provide monitoring of high-latitude regions using the small spacecraft system.

The conducted research is devoted to the analysis of the process of formation of the qualification level of specialists in the field of economic relations, based on the specialized skills of preparation and work with projects. Based on the analyzed sources, the authors analyze the design process of any nature (socio-economic, physical, technical, technological, etc.), as a result of which the material, consumer (functional), social, and other properties of the system change. The purpose of the work is to carry out a scientific analysis of student project activities and the design process itself. The object of study was the organizational forms of ensuring the activities of future specialists in the formation of practical, economic-dependent, skills of future specialists based on project activities. The work used generally accepted methods of research, description, critical analysis, approbation, expert-analytical review, engineering analysis focused on the economic performance of future projects. The result of the study is an analysis of the use, both in the classroom format and with the help of immersive technologies, of the project management method PRINCE2 (PRojests IN Controlled Environments) based on the principles of continuity, practical experience, distribution of roles, phased management, crisis intervention in the project, focusing on the final result and adaptation to the external environment. These criteria are of particular relevance to the economic forms of project justification, organization of implementation, quality control, planning, risk analysis, and progress. According to the results of the research, it is possible to note the stages of implementation of effective, from the standpoint of economic feasibility, projects: launch, initiation, project management, management of stages, results, boundaries and completion of the initiative. The above is an integral part of the training of future specialized specialists in various areas of training.

The problem of generation of steady streaming by an oscillating circular cylinder is considered. For the case of a finite oscillation frequency, the asymptotic expansion of the solution in terms of a small oscillation amplitude is constructed. In the leading steady term the two possible regimes of secondary streaming are analyzed. The fluid pumping effect of secondary streaming is studied. Energy efficient pumping regime is determined. The limits of applicability of high-frequency asymptotic solutions are established.

A complex of four modern scintillation cosmic ray muon telescopes, which are part of the cosmic ray spectrograph after A.I. Kuzmin in Yakutsk, is described. Cosmic-ray detectors of this type are placed on the surface of the Earth, as well as in horizontal cuts that were specially dug in permafrost soils of a mine at depths of 7, 20, and 40 m of the water equivalent, and complement the previously created muon telescopes based on SGM-14 gas-discharge counters. New muon telescopes based on SC-301 scintillation counters have a significantly larger area and accuracy of registering muons of atmospheric origin and allow detection of charged particles from 13 different directions. We also report on a system for recording and transmitting data to a database server located at a distance from the Yakutsk cosmic ray station that operates under the control of the PostgreSQL10 system in real time.

Inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable cities are included in Sustainable development Goals. The choice between environmental and social well-being is a very acute issue. It is necessary to take into account the interaction of three city dimensions: economic, ecological and social. The aim of the paper is to evaluate externalities in terms of population for 114 Russian cities all over the country considering all three dimensions.The methods are the analysis of statistical data by econometric methods and their processing including geographical visualization. The data was taken from the Federal State Statistics Service database. The main results are the followings. The methodology for evaluation of externalities and estimation a hypothetical «efficient city size» in terms of population for Russian cities has been elaborated. The access to high-paying jobs and the availability of social benefits is often associated with living or moving to cities or regions with an unfavorable environment. Some cities feature an extremely high growth rate, dense population and often a low level of management and economic development.Then there was demonstrated how to achieve a hypothetical «efficient city size» by means of environmental management and changes in city area. This should be helpful in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (especially the Goal 11) and some targets mentioned in the «New Urban Agenda». It is essential to pay attention to the function of a city and its spatial organization. Some other measures to rise efficiency were proposed as well.

The paper considers the results of an analytical study of the errors in various scalar calibration algorithms for 3D sensors of a vector physical measurand. Practical recommendations for the implementation of the calibration algorithm are given. The results are confirmed by mathematical simulation.

This paper discusses US experience as a bright example of pragmatic approach to logistics, organization of shipping, tariffs and technical solutions for ships, ship trains, port infrastructure and waterway maintenance in order to find possible technical solutions for design of future Russian systems of inland shipping.

Object and purpose of research. This paper discusses characteristics and technical condition of dry cargo ships of limited sea, mixed and inland navigation in order to describe a methodology that allows predicting the composition of the fleet in the medium term. Materials and methods. This study relied on the database of Marine Engineering Bureau (MEB), register books of classification societies, as well as on initial drawings for baseline designs of ships under consideration. The work followed common methods of ship theory and ship design, as well as of naval structural mechanics, analysis and statistics. Main results. A prediction is given for fleet composition and structure until the year 2030, including the ships built after the year 2000, including the newbuilding orders for years 2020–2022. Conclusion. Today, there are about 1,052 dry cargo vessels in operation, 79 % of which are "old", and 21 % were built after the year 2000. Dry-cargo vessels of Volgodonmax class are still the most popular. Due to shallow water depth, these ships cannot be made bigger, so the only way to increase their cargo capacity is to increase their block coefficient and reduce lightship displacement. The first challenge is fully solved by "super-ample" lines currently adopted by MEB for mixed-navigation vessels like RSD59, RSD62, RSD79. As for the reduction of lightship displacement, i.e. steel weight, all the attempts to improve MEB solutions on ships of other designs have so far led to the opposite result, i.e. greater metal consumption and accordingly lower cargo capacity. Thus, it has been practically established that the only way to reduce lightship weight is to apply lighter materials.

The description of the muon capture system units with different targets (gas and solid-state) is presented. Using the muon-event selection system and high-purity germanium (HPGe) detectors, precise measurements of the time-energy distributions following ordinary muon capture in the isotopically-enriched 130Xe, 82Kr, and 24Mg nuclei were performed. The optimal parameters of the muon capture measuring system to ensure maximum muon stops in the targets under study and to collect effective statistics during measurements are reported. The system makes it possible to separate muonic X-ray events from gamma radiation with high accuracy, which is critical in such studies, and it is also suitable for future measurements with other targets.

This paper considers processes of electric arc damping by automatic switches in the short-circuit mode. Certain conditions for facilitating a successful short-circuit arc damping are shown, such as the limitation of the short-circuit current amplitude by its active resistance, the reduction of the phase shift between current and voltage, and the amplitude loss in returning and restoring voltages. The article features oscillograms of currents and voltages in the short-circuit mode. Anode heating processes are also described within the framework of the process of arc burning (heat saturation mode) and after the change of polarity current transition through zero processes at the cathode in the temperature equalization mode. Mathematical models of processes at the cathode took into account the thermal flows of the ionic component and evaporation. The calculations were carried out with the average values of thermal coefficients for copper, as the arc base moves from contacts to contact holders, which are made of copper and its alloys. The results of the calculations proved the validity of the considered mathematical models of thermal processes at both the cathode and the anode.

The paper is devoted to study of the parametric resonance of torsional vibrations caused by large-amplitude flexural vibrations of cantilevered plates. In this study we considered the first two resonant modes of flexural vibrations. The analytical study of the original problem which is reduced to Hill equation, is based on the WKB approximation. According to the obtained results, we built a map of instability gaps in the plane of the two process control parameters. The conclusions are made about the possibility of experimentally detection the studied effect in real systems.

The goal of the present paper is to analyze the spatial-temporal variability of ice edge location in the Eastern Arctic seas of Russia (the Laptev, East-Siberian and Chukchi Seas) in late summer (August-September) during the period from 1981 to 2018, as well as to estimate the multi-year changes taking place in the 21st century. The special archive containing the information on latitude position of ice edge at the meridians between the Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago and Alaska was developed; the data of AARI (Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute) specialized observations and satellite images were used.The inter-annual variability of ice edge position in the total area shows that the entire period 1981–2018 consists of two significantly different parts: the interval from 1981 to 2001 with southern ice edge position (mean latitude in September comprised 74,9° N), and the interval from 2002 to 2018 with northern ice edge position (mean latitude 78,7° N). The difference between the extreme values of ice edge latitude at some meridians reached 9 degrees of latitude (about 1000 km).During the period from 2002 to 2018, the area of mostly active northward displacement of ice edge moved generally from east to west. From 2002 to 2010, the maximum northward displacement of ice edge was observed in the East-Siberian and Chukchi Seas; in 2007 the extreme northern position of ice edge was registered to the east of the New Siberia Archipelago (mean latitude comprised 84,0° N). However, during 2011–2018, the maximum northward displacement of ice edge was observed in the Laptev Sea; in 2014 the extreme northern position of ice edge was registered to the west of the New Siberia Archipelago (mean latitude comprised 84,5° N).Typologically, the displacement of ice edge from south to north during the period from 2001–2018 looks like a wave; its crest and sole drift from the Chukchi Sea toward the Laptev Sea. Within the period from 2007 to 2010, the ice edge displacement reached its maximum, and after this, during 2011–2015, the reverse motion from north to south began. One can forecast that within the nearest coming years the ice edge oscillatory southward drift would continue, and by the end of 2020-s one can expect the ice edge to have the position typical for the period 2002–2006.The author declares that he has no competing interests.

Object and purpose of research. This paper investigates a multifunctional ice-breaking supply vessel to describe an optimal design technique for this type of ships, including hull structures. Materials and methods. This study relied on Marine Engineering Bureau (MEB) database and the rules of classification societies. The research was performed as per the methods of ship theory and design. Main results. The paper justifies main parameters for this type of icebreakers and describes the concept developed as per MEB procedures. Conclusion. The result of this work is a concept of 22 MW diesel-electric icebreaking supply vessel (IBSV01, ice class Icebreaker8) that can efficiently operate along the Northern Sea Route and in the Gulf of Ob. Test results given in this study meet all the Customer’s requirements in terms of both speed and performance parameters, confirming high maneuverability and ice-breaking capability of this concept.

Object and purpose of research. This paper discusses strength parameters of Project PV300VD mixed-navigation passenger vessel in order to describe feasibility assessment procedure for large ships with considerable bow overhang. Materials and methods. Following common methods of ship theory and design, as well as of naval structural mechanics, this study relies on Marine Engineering Bureau and LOTOS shipyard databases and on the rules of various classification societies.

Object and purpose of research. This paper investigates river-going passenger ship spaces to identify the effect of upgrades and conversions upon their distribution. Materials and methods. This study relied on Marine Engineering Bureau (MEB) database and the rules of classification societies, as well as on initial drawings of basic designs for river-going cruise ships. The study was performed as per common methods of ship theory, ship design and statistics. Main results. Distribution patterns of ship spaces were obtained for basic projects, upgrades, and retrofits of river-going cruise ships. Conclusion. This paper is a detailed analysis of ship space distribution for basic variants of river-going cruise ships, as well as for their upgraded and retrofitted versions. The main purpose of upgrades and retrofits for these ships is to make them more comfortable. However, post-upgrade / post-retrofit distribution of ship spaces becomes different than in basic designs. The findings of this study will simplify the initial stages of design, including those dealing with upgrades and retrofits of river-going cruise ships.

The article considers the conditions and factors of development of Russian consumer cooperation against the background of global cooperative development Renaissance. It is stated that this form of cooperative organization can make a significant contribution to the implementation of the UN sustainable development Goals. The conditions and growth factors of Russian consumer societies are analyzed taking into account a deep axiological and concrete historical context. For the research of the object set in the article, the data of the original sociological material are used. For the objectivity of the described prerequisites for the development of Russian consumer cooperation, the facts of the most successful international experience in stimulating the cooperative initiative of the population are given. The conclusions summarizing the author's research state that the modern state policy of Russia in the sphere of cooperation needs a significant restructuring.

The purpose of the paper is to analyze the spatial-temporal variability of the time of stable ice formation in the Russian Eastern Arctic seas (the Laptev Sea, the East-Siberian Sea, the Chukchi Sea) in autumn period during 1942–2018, as well as the climatic changes for the last 20 years. The specialized information archive containing the dates of stable ice formation in the elements of regular grid (5 degrees along the parallel and 1 degree along the meridian) based on the AARI observations and satellite imagery was developed. The archive covers 2.2 million km2 of the Arctic area. During the period from 1942 to 2018 one can reveal 4 consecutive climatic periods: mean dates of ice formation (1942–1953), anomaly early dates of ice formation (1954–1988), mean dates of ice formation (1989–2002) and anomaly late dates of ice formation (2003–2018). Notice that the ice formation regime in the 21st century, by its abnormality, differs radically from that in the 20th one. For the total area of three seas, the mean date of ice formation in the 21st century became 21 days later than in the 20th one. The most significant changes (up to 45 days) take place in the Chukchi Sea. The transformation of the ice formation regime typical for the 1942–2002 to the regime of 2003–2018 happened rather quickly — approximately within 5 years. The anomaly late time of ice formation began in the Chukchi Sea in 2003, and then this anomaly propagated to the East-Siberian Sea (in 2005) and to the Laptev Sea (in 2009). The 16-year period of anomaly late ice formation consists of three 5–6-year periods depending on location of the maximum anomalies: 2003–2008 (the Chukchi Sea), 2009–2013 (the Laptev Sea), and 2014–2018 (the Chukchi Sea again). As a consequence, the period of autumn warming, which has begun in 2003, is going on till present, and the latest date of ice formation in the eastern Arctic seas for the entire 77-year period was registered just in 2018.

The problem of modeling the attitude-control modes of small spacecraft with the use of electromagnetic systems, interacting with the Earths magnetic field is considered. A small spacecraft angular motion mathematical model is developed. A control law for magnetic attitude control system of small spacecraft is formulated. Results of satellite with magnetic attitude control system movement numerical modelling are presented.

The problem of modeling the attitude control modes of small spacecraft using electromagnetic systems interacting with the Earth’s magnetic field is considered. A mathematical model for the angular motion dynamics of small spacecraft has been developed. The control law for linear magnetic attitude control systems of small spacecraft is formulated. The results of our numerical modeling of the motion of a satellite with a magnetic attitude control system are presented.

Detection of antineutrino by the reaction of the inverse β-decay can be used for an independent monitoring of a nuclear reactor power. DANSS detector is located directly under a commercial WWER-1000 reactor and counts up to 5000 antineutrino per day, providing the accuracy of 1.5% in 2 days of the flux measurement. A powerful system of the passive and active shielding in combination with the fine spatial segmentation of the detector allows to diminish the contribution of the background processes to a level, negligible in comparison to the statistical error. The influence of the nuclear fuel composition on the neutrino flux can be accounted for based on the input from the NPP staff.

A possible right-handed component affecting electron-neutrino helicity is probed using a Compton polarimeter. Compared to previous experiments of this kind, the systematic uncertainty is significantly reduced by independently calibrating the polarimeter efficiency. The electron-neutrino helicity is measured as $$H = - 1.01 \pm 0.20,$$ in agreement with previous measurements. The bigger than expected total error on H largely arises from the relatively low efficiency of the polarimeter. In connection with this, one should reanalyze the results of previous experiments.

A method for designing an arc-suppressing system with a deionic grid in automatic circuit breakers is examined. Its essence lies in using the ratio between the characteristics of recovery strength (RS) and recovery voltage (RV) for the moment at which the arc current passes through zero. If the grid is used, the arc is divided into a number of arcs, each of which is characterized by the resistance of a partial arc. The total resistance of the arc greatly decreases the current amplitude and the shift angle between current and voltage, and, as a result, the amplitude of recovery voltage decreases and arc suppression becomes simpler. The processes for suppressing the arc in the circuit breaker in a three-phase circuit are examined. It is shown that, if the arc dies in the first suppressing pole of a three-phase circuit, a voltage triangle deforms due to the resistances of the arcs in the other two poles. When designing an automatic circuit breaker, it is recommended to use reduced coefficients (1.1–1.3 instead of 1.5). The arc-suppressing chamber allows making simpler design decisions (regarding the number and thickness of arc-suppressing plates and the distance between them), to determine the breaking ability of the automatic circuit breaker, and to optimize the parameters of the arc-suppressing system.