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The background of this research is the need for teacher innovation in developing digital-based learning media in Indonesian language learning. The research method used is research and development (R&D) with the analysis, design, develop, implement, and evaluate (ADDIE) model, which consists of five research stages: analysis, planning, development, implementation, and evaluation. Data collection techniques are questionnaires, in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation that present the results regarding innovation, features, applications, and the impact of using the "benkangen" game in learning Indonesian in elementary school. The subjects of this study were 25 teachers from 25 elementary schools, and 66 students from 10 elementary schools in Magelang district and Magelang city. The results showed innovation in the development of game applications based on Magelang local wisdom with game features in the form of puzzles of Magelang culture and local wisdom, Indonesian language learning materials packaged in the form of questions accompanied by the number of points in each answer, and audio that reflects local wisdom in Central Java. The novelty of this research is the development of the "benkangen" game based on Magelang local wisdom, which still needs to be developed by teachers in Indonesia. Future research needs to explore the innovation of Indonesian language learning games through the latest software.

Students' understanding of negative integers is an important aspect of learning mathematics as it is a requirement for learning broader mathematical concepts. The purpose of this research is to explore students' initial perceptions in understanding negative integers on a number line. This descriptive exploratory qualitative research was conducted on fifth grade elementary school students. The subjects were selected based on students' initial perceptions of writing negative integers on a number line before the teacher presented the material. Students' initial perceptions can be seen from the exploration results of their thinking abilities. The data of this research was collected through written tests and interviews. From the exploration results of research subjects, it was found that there were three characteristics of students' thinking perceptions in understanding the concept of negative integers. These three characteristics are: assume there are no negative numbers; unary understanding; and pseudo understanding. From these findings, it is necessary to design learning which provide scaffolding for students to avoid errors in understanding whole numbers.

The purpose of this investigation was to identify, examine, and analyse the opinions of four international postgraduate students who embarked on a service-learning project required by the course taken in Semester 2, 2021/2022. It included engaging in community service, connection to their academic endeavours, reporting the outcomes, critical reflection, and reciprocity. Choral speaking activities were selected as the tool for their engagement with children in the community. The qualitative approach was chosen as the research design, employing in-depth semi-structured interviews. The findings pointed to the beneficial aspects of service-learning which include: (1) enhances multicultural understanding; (2) improves civic involvement; (3) acknowledges that academic work has real-world importance; and (4) promotes language learning as well as reciprocity, that need to be improved.

Abstract Understanding how the traits of lineages are related to diversification is key for elucidating the origin of variation in species richness. Here, we test whether traits are related to species richness among lineages of trees from all major biogeographical settings of the lowland wet tropics. We explore whether variation in mortality rate, breeding system and maximum diameter are related to species richness, either directly or via associations with range size, among 463 genera that contain wet tropical forest trees. For Amazonian genera, we also explore whether traits are related to species richness via variation among genera in mean species-level range size. Lineages with higher mortality rates—faster life-history strategies—have larger ranges in all biogeographic settings and have higher mean species-level range sizes in Amazonia. These lineages also have smaller maximum diameters and, in the Americas, contain dioecious species. In turn, lineages with greater overall range size have higher species richness. Our results show that fast life-history strategies influence species richness in all biogeographic settings because lineages with these ecological strategies have greater range sizes. These links suggest that dispersal has been a key process in the evolution of the tropical forest flora.

Collaborative creativity is an essential skill for unleashing university students' skills in team building during complex problem-solving. The aim of this descriptive quantitative research was to examine undergraduate students' perspectives regarding their collaborative creativity experience as game creators for a gamification group assignment within a university-wide elective course on learning disabilities. The Assessment Scale of Creative Collaboration (ASCC) questionnaire was completed by 14 students. The results provide insightful perspectives by undergraduate students regarding their experience in collaborative creativity during game creation. The findings from the closed-ended questions of the ASCC demonstrate that most of the students valued the diversity of knowledge and skills of their team members, shared different ideas, adapted their ideas and practices according to the project difficulties, trusted their team members, co-constructed the game together, overcame conflicts in positive ways, developed multiple versions of their game, and coordinated well for their team project. Data from the open-ended questions of the ASCC, which provided detailed but nuanced perspectives of the students, were analysed thematically. Three main themes were identified: the positive aspects of gamification, the constraints related to the gamification project, and teamwork and collaborative problem-solving approaches. This study provides evidence on the feasibility of game creation that is embedded within gamification group projects for fostering collaborative creativity among undergraduate students. Gamification has the potential in supporting the acquisition of 21st century learning and innovation skills in higher education. Implications of the application of gamification in higher education are discussed.

This study aims to examine the relationship between personality traits and innovation skills among students in the Faculty of Islamic Sciences in Indonesia. Personal information form, Five Factor Personality Scale and Innovation Skills Scale were used as data collection tools. According to results it can be stated that there are significant relationships between the personality traits and innovation skills of students in the Faculty of Islamic Sciences. Agreeableness and self-discipline dimensions are prominent factors in students' personality structures that support their innovation skills. Differences were observed in terms of gender and age variables at students. The higher self-discipline and neuroticism-based personality traits of female students determined. In terms of innovation skills, significant differences were found among students in the Faculty of Islamic Sciences based on their gender. It was determined that male students have a significantly higher perception of innovation skills. It was found that newly enrolled students (18-20 age group) have higher neuroticism traits compared to their older peers. Regarding the educational level variable, analyses showed no significant differences in the sub-dimensions of neuroticism, self-discipline, agreeableness, and openness to experience based on the educational level. In addition, results indicate that all personality traits show a significant relationship with innovation skills. While there is an inverse relationship between neuroticism and innovation skills, the other personality dimensions (extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience) exhibit a positive relationship. These results indicate the need for educational programs and support services to be designed to enhance students' personality traits and innovation skills. Additionally, considering demographic factors such as gender and age is important to understand students' individual differences and needs.

Crystalline concept is the main concept used as the reference by students in algebraic verification. This concept divided the way of solving algebraic verification into two types: symbolic and embodied compression. This research aimed to explore the students' mathematical thinking process in solving algebraic verification based on the Crystalline concept types. The subjects of research were 15 students who took abstract algebra course. Those subjects were asked to solve algebraic verification and were divided based on their types. To get a deeper data, one student was randomly chosen from each type to be interviewed. The verification and interview data were analyzed by using the steps of mathematical thinking process. Those steps are abstracting, representation, and verification. Abstracting is the step to find the ideas: definition of group and abelian group. Representation is the way to communicate the suitable ideas with the conditions. The last step is verification in which students performed the process based on the results of two previous steps. The symbolic student tends to solve the verification symbolically while the embodied one solved the verification arithmetically. Based on the findings, it is essential to design a learning that can accustom students to solve algebraic verification symbolically as the verification should be done deductively.

The flourishing of university students is influenced by various factors that significantly impact their well-being and academic performance, with suboptimal levels being a serious concern. Global issues of high dropout rates and low levels of flourishing among university students have prompted this study to identify factors contributing to student flourishing and describe the characteristics of students who achieve it. The review followed a rigorous protocol, including a comprehensive search across multiple databases, screening based on pre-established criteria, quality assessment using the MMAT tool, data extraction using NVivo 12 version 12.6.0.959 (64-bit), and matrix synthesis to identify patterns and gaps in the literature. Results reveal that psychological factors, meaning and purpose, personal projects, social support, social relationships, and environmental factors influence student flourishing. Flourishing students exhibit emotional and psychological well-being (37.5%), positive social functioning (31.25%), achievement and competence (18.75%), and positive psychological functioning (12.5%). These findings, consistent with previous research and flourishing theory, suggest the need for a holistic approach to promoting student flourishing through targeted interventions and recognition of flourishing characteristics. This comprehensive mapping of factors and characteristics of student flourishing can guide theory development and practical implementation in universities. Future research should consider longitudinal studies, replication in different contexts, qualitative research, and exploration of additional factors.

This study aims to investigate the influence of institutional ownership structure and managerial ownership on corporate carbon emissions disclosure in ASEAN-5 with the size of the board of commissioners as a moderator. Large-cap companies listed on each ASEAN-5 countries’ stock exchange were selected as research samples. The sample companies have published sustainability reports and integrated annual reports that disclose carbon emissions between 2018 and 2022 (175 company-year observation). Using multiple linear regression analysis, this study found that institutional ownership and managerial ownership have a negative impact on carbon emissions disclosure. The role of board of commissioner size was found weakening the negative relationship between institutional ownership and managerial ownership on carbon emissions disclosure.

This journal reviews the effect of giving EM4 probiotics on the hematological profile of tilapia. This study aims to determine the effects that will arise after administering EM4 probiotics for several days on the blood of tilapia fish. This research uses experimental methods so that the results used are the results of experiments carried out by the author. The results of this study explain the blood profile of tilapia after administration of EM4 probiotics including levels of erythrocytes, leukocytes, hematocrit, hemoglobin and differential counting. There was a decrease in erythrocyte, hemoglobin, hematocrit levels, and an insignificant increase in leukocyte and hematocrit levels.

Introduction/objectivesColonoscopy completion rates after an abnormal fecal immunochemical test (FIT) are suboptimal, resulting in missed opportunities for early detection and prevention of colorectal cancer. Patient navigation and structured follow-up may improve colonoscopy completion, but implementation of these strategies is not widespread.MethodsWe conducted a quality improvement study using a Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) Model to increase colonoscopy completion after abnormal FIT in a large federally qualified health center serving a diverse and low-income population. Intervention components included patient navigation, and a checklist to promote completion of key steps required for abnormal FIT follow-up. Primary outcome was proportion of patients achieving colonoscopy completion within 6 months of abnormal FIT, assessed at baseline for 156 patients pre-intervention, and compared to 208 patients during the intervention period from April 2017 to December 2019. Drop offs at each step in the follow-up process were assessed.ResultsColonoscopy completion improved from 21% among 156 patients with abnormal FIT pre-intervention, to 38% among 208 patients with abnormal FIT during the intervention (P

This article was written as part of a bigger research project on developing a Graduate Employability (GE) Teaching Model which received university funding. Recent years have seen a growing literature on GE. The need for soft skills training is seen as parallel with the need to enhance employability skills. The changing work landscape due to the VUCA (volatile, uncertainty, complex and ambiguous) world suggests a higher demand for the concerns on graduate employability and employability skills to be addressed. Needless to say, the pandemic brought with it a force that challenged the norm in how higher education is provided and brought an amplified concern on how GE is addressed during the pandemic. As part of the bigger data collection procedure, a focus group interview based on a semi-structured interview protocol was conducted as an attempt to uncover how academics train their students' GE skills. The investigation rested on several key issues; their approach in developing GE skills, the critical issues faced while developing the GE skills and the support they require in developing GE skills among their students. At the onset of the study, the context of the pandemic guided the direction of the data collection and analysis. The report from this small-scale study provided initial findings that could be referred to as the research progressed into further data collection via the mixed method research design. The qualitative data from the interview was analysed based on themes and sub-themes as guided by the research questions and the interpretations were supported by relevant literature. Interesting findings were yielded from the the analysis suggesting potential preliminary findings that could be referred to in an attempt to develop a teaching model for GE. Besides the policy makers and curriculum developers, future researchers may find this article as an important reference in their work.

The researchers performed this systematic review to offer insights into the trend of the corpus based approach in studying metaphor in recent years and investigate the potential gaps and underresearched areas in the past literature on the topic. Two research databases, namely Google Scholar and Academics, were explored to collect data. The analysis of metaphor-related research studies published between 2015 and 2020 revealed more than 78 studies dealing with the topic of investigation. After the screening process, 23 studies that met the research criteria were retained for analysis. The selected articles were further analyzed using the two-step analysis involving quantitative and qualitative approaches, i.e., descriptive statistics, and thematic analysis. The findings revealed that metaphor studies employing the corpus approach tend to use existing corpus like the Reference Corpus instead of a specialized corpus. In addition, metaphor studies in this review centered more on written discourse than spoken data. Furthermore, there is also a lack of information on the corpus tool employed in the examined studies. Meanwhile, the thematic analysis unearthed potential gaps and under-researched areas, such as limited studies on COVID-19 metaphor even though the outbreak had started at the end of 2019. Future studies on this research could include more specialized corpora, specifically in the under-researched topics, to fill in the gaps in this area of study.

This paper highlights one of the most critical aspects of facilitating vocabulary learning among children with autism. Several pertinent issues serve as the focus of the paper; vocabulary course design for high functioning children with autism and the relevant considerations required when teaching them using technology. To explore these issues, a qualitative design using content analysis through extensive literature review was conducted. The content analysis included a critical examination of the features of children with autism and their learning and the theories of vocabulary course design and its principles. The analysis brought to light relevant considerations following the five factors as identified from the critical examination of the literature. Hence, this paper proposes course design for high functioning children with autism considerations. Curriculum designers, syllabus writers and instructors for children with autism could expect to benefit from this paper. This paper also recommends quantitative research such as a survey with the relevant stakeholders to confirm or enrich the data from the present study.

The research aims to investigate the impact of the Mimicry Memorization (MIM-MEM) method on learning motivation and Arabic study results. The study employed an experimental design with a single-group pretest and posttest, supported by test questions, questionnaires, motivation learning assessments, and documentation as instruments. Data analysis utilized descriptive statistical techniques, including scoring, mean, and N-Gain. Subsequently, statistical tests, such as the normality test and paired sample t-test, were conducted to test the hypotheses. The findings reveal a significant influence of the Mimicry Memorization (MIM-MEM) method on student learning motivation. This is evident in the observed increase in student learning motivation (37.17) and N-Gain (0.42), both falling within the medium category. The paired sample t-test yielded a significance value of 0.000. Moreover, the research demonstrates a notable impact of the Mimicry Memorization (MIM-MEM) method on student learning outcomes. The data indicates an increase in student learning motivation (40.67) and N-Gain (0.43), both categorized as medium. The paired sample t-test yielded a significance value of 0.000. In conclusion, the Mimicry Memorization (MIM-MEM) method proves to be an effective alternative for learning Arabic, enhancing both learning motivation and student outcomes.

Smartphone utilizing in learning was widely implemented in the digital technology era. This research aims to utilize Android-based digital applications to develop laboratory activity designs in the savanna ecosystem of the Ranca Upas, Ciwidey, West Java. The descriptive method was used to analyze the quality of existing laboratory activity design and develop alternative laboratory activity design to support student practicum. The reconstruction explanation was carried out following the stages analyze, create, try, and reconstruct (ANBUCOR). The initial stage involved analyzing laboratory activity design from the aspects of curriculum, competence, practicality, and knowledge construction. The pilot test showed that the Android digital application provided clear and systematic guidance for students in laboratory activities, with features for measuring abiotic factors, species identification, and observation notes. Based on the feasibility analysis according to the Vee diagram. Laboratory activity design is classified as feasible but requires adjusting the objects identified in the procedure and leading questions with focus questions. Final reconstruction was conducted based on the test team's feedback and Vee diagram analysis. The results showed that the application made the practical learning more interactive and improved students' understanding of the savanna ecosystem. The revised laboratory activity design serves as an effective reference for teachers and students in out-of-class laboratory activities.

Background: Obesity is a global epidemic caused by excessive body fat, which is increasing free fatty acids in the liver, causing oxidative stress and liver cell damage. Green tea yogurt (GTY) with encapsulated Lacticaseibacillus paracasei E1 (GTY-LpE1) might have a beneficial effect in reducing liver cell damage. This study was conducted determine GTY-LpE1 effect on superoxide dismutase (SOD) expression, malondialdehyde (MDA) expression and liver histopathology in high-fat high-fructose diet (HFFD) mice. Material and Methods: A completely randomized design (CRD) with 7 groups, including normal diet (ND) group, HFFD group, 1.3 mg/kg BW simvastatin (SIM)-administered HFFD group, 5 g/kg BW probiotic yoghurt (PY)-administered HFFD (PY), 2.5 g/kg BW GTY-administered HFFD (2.5 GTY), 5 g/kg BW GTY-administered HFFD (5 GTY), and 10 g/kg BW GTY-administered HFFD (10 GTY). The diet was given for 16 weeks, followed by oral administration of sim/yoghurt during the last 4 weeks. Mice were sacrificed and the liver was collected. SOD and MDA expression were analyzed by flow cytometry. Histopathology analysis was done by evaluating hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining of the liver. Result: The percentage of necrotic cells were 34.55, 34.31, and 21.95%, when treated with 2.5, 5, and 10 g/kg BW with GTY-administered HFFD, respectively, these were lower than the ones in the HFFD group (69.49%). The percentage of MDA expression were 15.55, 18.69, and 22.42%, respectively, these were lower than the ones in the HFFD group as well. The percentage of SOD expression were 9.49, 7.85, and 11.11%, respectively, these were higher than the ones in the HFFD group (3.44%). Conclusion: GTY-LpE1 could decrease the number of necrotic cells in the HFFD mice livers and improve the hepatocyte damage by reducing MDA expression and enhancing SOD expression. GTY-LpE1 can be used as an alternative food to control obesity. Keywords: alginate, chitosan, encapsulation, green tea, probiotic

Background Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a vital mechanical circulatory support used with increasing frequency in complex congenital cardiac surgeries. This study evaluated the outcomes of a protocol-based venoarterial (VA) ECMO program following congenital heart surgeries. Methods and Results This was a retrospective review of 198 patients who underwent VA-ECMO after congenital cardiac surgeries at our institute between 2004 and 2023. Patients were divided into pre-ECMO protocol (2004–2017) and post-ECMO protocol (2018–2023) implementation. There were 107 patients in the preprotocol era and 91 in the postprotocol era. We compared weaning from ECMO and survival to hospital discharge between the two eras. An analysis of the factors influencing survival to hospital discharge was also done. ECMO was initiated through the central cannulation technique through median sternotomy in all patients. The median age and weight at initiation were 4 months (interquartile range [IQR] 1–33.5 months) and 4.4 kg (IQR 3.3–10.1 kg), respectively. The successful weaning of the ECMO (n = 67/91, 73.6%) and survival to discharge (n = 43/91, 47.3%) were higher in patients of the postprotocol era. However, it was not statistically significant. Higher risk adjustment for congenital heart surgery-1 >3 and acute kidney injury were independent predictors of poorer survival to hospital discharge. Conclusions A protocol-based ECMO program may improve outcomes of successful weaning and survival to discharge in patients undergoing congenital cardiac surgeries.

Lead (Pb(II)) is well known as a dangerous environmental contaminant that harms public health worldwide. Early Pb(II) detection before release into the water system is important. This work describes an inexpensive Pb(II) determination using 5 mm diameter stainless steel rod type 304 as a working electrode. Using a batch system, the research employed 10 mL of 0.1 M acetate buffer at pH 4.5. The best operation was at a deposition potential of -1.2V for 300 s. It provides a linear range in the concentration range of 0.075 – 1 µg/mL Pb(II) (r = 0.994). The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of Pb(II) were at 0.057 µg/mL and 0.189 µg/mL, respectively. Repeatability and reproducibility were expressed in the relative standard deviation range of 1.26-3.71% in the testing a Pb(II) concentration range of 0.2-1.0 µg/mL and 5.32% in testing a Pb(II) concentration of 0.4 µg/mL. A very low-cost stainless-steel electrode proposed a high operational stability up to 10 measurements with RSD of 4.39%.

Highlights: 1. Spermatozoa can be affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to a disruption in spermatogenesis, leading to a decline in semen quality. 2. This study compared the semen quality of COVID-19 survivors and those who had not been infected with COVID-19, specifically on the first spermatogenesis cycle following the confirmation of COVID-19 infection. 3. This study is distinctive since no previous research in Indonesia has examined the semen quality parameters, such as the concentration, morphology, motility, and vitality of spermatozoa, in men who had a COVID-19 infection. Abstract Semen quality in COVID-19 patients shows inconsistencies and variations. This research was conducted considering that health is the main capital for humans in Indonesia's development, as outlined in Sustainable Development Goal 3. The purpose of this study was to compare the semen quality of COVID-19 survivors with non-COVID-19 men. This study was an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design. Subjects were selected through consecutive sampling of up to 26 men of childbearing age who met the predetermined criteria. Semen quality assessment using the WHO Semen Analysis Guide 6th edition. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS. The data normality test was carried out using the Saphiro-Wilk test. Then, the data were tested by t-test from two unpaired samples and by the Mann-Whitney test. Data from semen analysis based on COVID-19 severity were tested using variant analysis (One-way ANOVA) and the Kruskal Wallis test. The normal morphology of spermatozoa in COVID-19 survivors was significantly lower (p=0.011) compared to uninfected men. Other semen quality parameters did not differ significantly, although they were lower in COVID-19 survivors. The results of the analysis also showed no significant difference in semen parameters related to COVID-19 severity (p=0.488 for progressive motility; p=0.372 for non-progressive motility; p=0.325 for total motility; p=0.707 for immotility; p=0.412 for vitality; p=0.324 for concentration; and p=0.334 for normal morphology). The study provides evidence that COVID-19 survivors have a lower normal spermatozoa morphology compared to uninfected men. However, the motility, vitality, and concentration of spermatozoa did not differ significantly between the two groups.

Waters polluted with Pb and Cd have a negative impact on the environment. Padina australis grows abundantly on the coast of Palang Subdistrict, Tuban, and the local community consumes it. Macroalgae as food must be free of metal contamination. This study aims to determine the impact of Pb and Cd bioaccumulation on P. australis. Sampling was conducted at two stations, including Station I, Panyuran Village, and Station II, Glodog Village. Analysis of Pb and Cd metal levels using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Analysis of protein content using the Kjeldahl method. The data obtained was analyzed with Principle Component Analysis (PCA). The results of the analysis of Pb and Cd levels in P. australis at station II, which are 0.200 ± 0.028 and 0.021 ± 0.004 mg.kg-1 higher than station I, which are 0.194 ± 0.015 and 0.010 ± 0.001 mg.kg-1. The protein content of P. australis at station I was 4.713 ± 0.508 mg.kg-1, and at station II was 5.900 ± 0.928 mg.kg-1. This shows that P. australis is still considered good for consumption even though it has been polluted and contains Pb and Cd metals. P. australis can tolerate and does not experience severe physiological damage so it has the potential as a heavy metal phytoremediator.

The determination of transcript accumulation values significantly affects gene expression in oil palm. Various genes are involved in pathogen infection, including probable 2‐oxoglutarate‐dependent dioxygenase At5g05600 (EgUnk3), zinc finger protein 2‐like (EgZFP2), and inositol polyphosphate multikinase beta‐like (EgIPK2b). Gene expression is typically measured using relative quantitative methods to calculate differences in quantitative values in the expression levels of targeted genes compared to a reference gene. However, the effectiveness of these methods in assessing the expression of EgUnk3, EgZFP2, and EgIPK2b, which are involved in Ganoderma boninense infection in oil palm seedlings, requires evaluation. This study aimed to establish an effective and straightforward method for analyzing the expression of EgUnk1, EgZFP2, and EgIPK2b genes in oil palm seedlings infected with G. boninense, utilizing Ct value correction through regression coefficients on the 2‐ΔΔCt and E‐ΔΔCt approaches. A correlation regression revealed values of 0.28, ‐0.32, and 0.29 for delta Ct of EgUnk1, EgZFP2, and EgIPK2b, respectively. However, a negative correlation in the Ct mean was corrected by linear regression for the targeted genes: ‐0.55, ‐0.81, and ‐0.29 for EgUnk1, EgZFP2, and EgIPK2b, respectively. The amplification factor (E) and efficiency value (R) using the EgActin gene were 1.95 and 94.92%, respectively. Normalization of log10 on the fold change value 2‐ΔΔCt and 1.95‐ΔΔCt approaches using the regression coefficient yielded consistent results for the EgUnk1, EgZFP2, and EgIPK2b genes. Overall, EgUnk3 and EgIPK2b genes exhibited downregulated expression in susceptible oil palm seedlings (‐0.60 for 2(‐ΔΔCt) and ‐0.58 for 1.95(‐ΔΔCt)), whereas EgIPK2b gene showed up‐regulated and the highest value in inoculated resistant seedlings (1.39 for 2(‐ΔΔCt) and 1.34 for 1.95(‐ΔΔCt)). Basal stem rot disease (BSR) in oil palm decreased EgUnk1 and EgIPK2b expression in susceptible seedlings but increased EgZFP2 gene expression in resistant ones. The results of this research provide valuable corrections to Ct values obtained directly from RT‐qPCR machines using simple linear regression. Consequently, the Ct values of target genes and reference genes exhibit smaller bias values, rendering gene expression levels more reliable.

Background: Infertility is defined as failure to achieve a pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. The prevalence of couples with infertility increased every year. Treatment success for male infertility remains suboptimal despite the advancements of the therapies. Hence, a comprehensive understanding regarding spermatogenesis is needed to improve existing infertility treatments. Animal models are commonly used in studies regarding male infertility. Aluminum chloride (AlCl3) has been established as an infertility-inducing agent. Aim: This study investigates the optimal dosage of AlCl3 in infertility mice model. Method: Male Balb/c mice, aged 3 months and have proven to be fertile with an average body weight of 26,96, randomly assigned to four groups. The control group received oral gavage with sterile aquadest, while the treatment groups were administrated AlCl3 at doses of 100mg/kgBW, 150mg/kg BW, 200mg/kg BW orally over a 53-day period. Assessment of the sperm motility, concentration, morphology, viability, hormone levels, and testicular histopathology were included in this study. Results: Administration of AlCl3 did not significantly affect body weight, testicular weight, and hormone levels. However, semen analysis showed a reduction in seminal parameters among treatment groups, supported by testicular histopathology. Conclusion: Utilizing AlCl3 to induce infertility in mice models is not quite effective and displayed variable efficacy across different dosage. Further investigations are needed to elucidate optimal dosage, route of administration, and timing to establish reliable mice infertility models. [Open Vet J 2024; 14(9.000): 2315-2324]

In meeting the needs of the new generation of learners, the idea of implementing the use of new technology such as Augmented Reality (AR) in English as a Second Language (ESL) classrooms can be a step toward in refining the teaching and learning atmosphere. Nevertheless, the use of this technology relies heavily on the teacher's level of acceptance and skills for it to be successful in classrooms. TESL Programme is one of the popular programmes in higher education institutions. In line with the advancement of technology in education and current transformation happening at schools, it is essential for the TESL curriculum at higher education institutions be revised according to the current training needs of the in-service teachers. Thus, this study intended to determine the English language teachers' perceptions towards the use of AR by applying the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as the base of the research model. A survey was conducted on 180 English teachers from 20 schools in the district of Petaling Perdana. The items in the questionnaire elicited information on the levels of AR acceptance of the respondents based on the four variables of TAM, that are perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (PEoU), attitude towards use (ATT) and behavioural intention (BI) to use AR in ESL classroom. Findings indicate that the levels of AR acceptance of the English teachers are relatively high, as the respondents recorded a high level of PU, ATT and BI towards the use of AR while PEoU was at moderate level. The results from multiple regression analysis indicate that PU and ATT of the English teachers directly influence their BI to use AR in ESL classroom. The findings suggest that English teachers are acceptive and ready for the implementation of AR technology. These finding provide the much needed information for the TESL curriculum review in ensuring the higher education institutions provide programmes fulfil the demand of the technology transformation taking place at schools. Several implications derived from the salient findings were presented for curriculum developers and TESL instructors to consider in revising the curriculum and programme delivery strategies.

This research is motivated by the complexity of disasters that occur in the latest era but trigger disaster mitigation responses that tend to be passive. In the Qur'an, indications of disaster mitigation are presented through the narrative Lūṭ story. However, the story of Lūṭ is often read with reference to the centrality of the sexuality of the Sodomites, so that aspects of disaster mitigation are often marginalized. The interpretation of Q.S al-Ḥijr (15):61-74 also tends to be read textually so that it does not touch the maqȃṣid aspect behind the verse. On these problems, this study seeks to answer, how the critical analysis of maqāṣidi tafsīr on Disaster Mitigation in Q.S al-Ḥijr (15): 61-74. This question intends to explore what the maqȃṣid behind the presence of disaster mitigation orders in the story of the prophet Lūṭ. The results showed that the maqȃṣid aspects of the verse are hifdz al-dīn, hifdz al-nafs, hifdz al-nasl, hifdz al-'aql and hifdz al-mȃl. At the same time, the maqȃṣid dimension is the value of humanity represented in the humanism of Lūṭ who helped his people and the value of freedom of choice for the people of Lūṭ to follow Lūṭ's da'wah by leaving the abominable act so as to obtain salvation. By using the analysis of maqāṣidi tafsīr, an interpretation is obtained that goes beyond the internal aspects of the text so that the purpose behind the presentation of the story of Lūṭ in this verse is increasingly revealed. This makes maqāṣidi tafsīr bring up a unique perspective of novelty so that the principles of disaster risk management can be deduced for related institutions.

Vitamin D3, recognized for its higher bioavailability and direct cell utilization, plays a vital role in the human body. Applying β-lactoglobulin with oleic acid (β-Lg-AO) as an encapsulating agent is anticipated to protect and enhance the transport of vitamin D3 to the gastrointestinal system. This study aimed to evaluate effect of liprotide-encapsulated vitamin D3 in a vitamin D-deficient rat on blood glucose, Vitamin D and calcium status. This is pre-post intervention. 24 mice were divided into 4 groups: (K-) normal rats; (K+) rat model of vitamin D and calcium deficiency; (P1) rat model of vitamin D and calcium deficiency with vitamin D3 intervention; (P2) rat model of vitamin D and calcium deficiency with liprotide-encapsulated vitamin D3 intervention. The administered dose of vitamin D3 was 180 IU (2 mL solution). Liprotide-encapsulated vitamin D3 intervention in vitamin D and calcium deficiency rats can significantly increase vitamin D (25 (OH)D) and calcium levels (p

This research aims to foster social emotional attitudes EMC2 (Emphaty, Mindfulness, Compassion, Critical Inquiry) and photograph the process of implementing approaches to psychological well-being in English language learning. By implementing EMC2, it is hoped that students can develop social and emotional skills that have a positive impact on their psychological well-being. The observation method was used to monitor students' social interactions and emotional responses during learning, while interviews were conducted to gain an in-depth view of students' experiences and perceptions of learning English using the EMC2 approach. The results showed that the EMC2 approach significantly improved students' social emotional attitudes and psychological well-being. Students show (1) increased self-confidence. (2) social interaction skills. (3) emotional management. This research contributes to the development of knowledge in the field of education by offering a new approach that is effective in improving psychological well-being through learning English. These findings can be used as a reference for educators in designing holistic learning programs and supporting students' social emotional development.

Kuala Lumpur of Malaysia, as a tropical city, has experienced a notable decline in its critical urban green infrastructure (UGI) due to rapid urbanization and haphazard development. The decrease of UGI, especially natural forest and artificial forest, may reduce the diversity of ecosystem services and the ability of Kuala Lumpur to build resilience in the future. This study analyzed land use and land cover (LULC) and UGI changes in Kuala Lumpur based on Landsat satellite images in 1990, 2005, and 2021and employed the overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient to assess classification accuracy. LULC was categorized into six main types: natural forest, artificial forest, grassland, water body, bare ground, and built-up area. Satellite images in 1990, 2005, and 2021 showed the remarkable overall accuracy values of 91.06%, 96.67%, and 98.28%, respectively, along with the significant Kappa coefficient values of 0.8997, 0.9626, and 0.9512, respectively. Then, this study utilized Cellular Automata and Markov Chain model to analyze the transition of different LULC types during 1990–2005 and 1990–2021 and predict LULC types in 2050. The results showed that natural forest decreased from 15.22% to 8.20% and artificial forest reduced from 18.51% to 15.16% during 1990–2021. Reductions in natural forest and artificial forest led to alterations in urban surface water dynamics, increasing the risk of urban floods. However, grassland showed a significant increase from 7.80% to 24.30% during 1990–2021. Meanwhile, bare ground increased from 27.16% to 31.56% and built-up area increased from 30.45% to 39.90% during 1990–2005. In 2021, built-up area decreased to 35.10% and bare ground decreased to 13.08%, indicating a consistent dominance of built-up area in the central parts of Kuala Lumpur. This study highlights the importance of integrating past, current, and future LULC changes to improve urban ecosystem services in the city.

Abstract. This study aims to find out: (1) The difference in the influence of the water game model and the dingklik relay game on the improvement of gross motor skills in deaf children. (2) The difference in the effect between high and low independence on the improvement of gross motor skills in deaf children. (3) The interaction between the water game model and the dingklik relay game was reviewed from the aspect of independence to improve gross motor skills in deaf children. This type of research is an experiment using a 2 x 2 factorial design. The population in this study is 38 deaf children of SLB N Mesuji Lampung. The sample in this study amounted to 20 deaf children who were taken using the purposive sampling technique, then ordinal pairing was carried out to divide each group. The instrument used was to measure independence using the questionnaire method, while gross motor used (1) a test of walking on a straight line of 5 meters, (2) a test of running avoiding five obstacles as far as 15 meters, (3) a test of standing on one foot for 10 seconds, (4) a test of jumping from a 15 cm high block, (5) a test of jumping from a 15 cm high beam. The data analysis technique used is ANOVA two-way. The results showed that: (1) There was a difference in the influence of the water game model and the dingklik relay game on the improvement of gross motor skills in deaf children, with a value of F 8.667 and a significance value of p 0.010 < 0.05. The water competition group was higher (good) compared to the dingklik relay game group with an average posttest difference of 1.3. (2) There is a difference in the influence between high and low independence on the improvement of gross motor ability in deaf children, it is proven that the F value is 22.615 and the significance value p is 0.000 < 0.05. Children who have high independence are higher (good) compared to children who have low independence, with an average posttest difference of 2.1. (3) There was an interaction between the water game model and the dingklik relay game from the aspect of independence (high and low) on the improvement of gross motor skills in deaf children, with a value of F 70.205 and a significance value of p 0.000 < 0.05.