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Abstract The removal of phenolic compounds from the water was of great importance due to their high toxicity. In this study, the separation of phenol from an aqueous environment by pervaporation technique using (PVA) polyvinyl alcohol, (CA) cellulose acetate, and (PVDF) polyvinylidene fluoride membranes was tested. The effect of feed concentration up to 9000 ppm, operating temperature from 25 to 65 °C, and flow rate ranging from 2 to 6 L h−1 on the separation performance was investigated. It was found that the CA membrane possessed a higher water flux of 348.25 kg m−2 h−1 and a separation factor of 49 compared to PVDF, and PVA/SA membranes at 65 °C and a flow rate of 6 L h−1. The properties and morphology of membranes were observed using mechanical properties, contact angle, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that CA has a lower contact angle of 48.3° indicating the hydrophilicity nature of the membrane, which enhances the separation process and explains the increases of water flux. Moreover, the mechanical properties test indicated that the mechanical strength of CA has a maximum tensile strength of 65.5 MPa and an % elongation of 48% compared to PVDF and PVA/SA which indicates lower roughness, manifesting its improved anti-fouling properties.

ABSTRACTSepsis being a chief prominent fatal condition in critically ill patients. In septic-shocked patients, the first-line therapeutic intervention is fluid resuscitation in an attempt to improve their cardiac output (COP). However, fluids must be given only if the chance of improving COP exists. So, assessing fluid responsiveness is crucial. To our knowledge, yet no studies comparing the end-expiratory occlusion (EEO) test and the variation of the inferior vena cava (IVC) diameter with respiration (ΔIVC) in hypovolemic cases. So, our aim is to use both tests as indices for responsiveness to fluid in septic mechanically ventilated (MV) patients. The Patients and Method: Thirty-four MV septic patients were enrolled and baseline COP assessment was performed followed by an EEO test applied to each patient, after which, COP was measured to detect the probable responders (defined as an increased COP by ≥ 15%) and non-responders. Then, ΔIVC was assessed for the same patients to predict the probable responders (with ΔIVC >12%) and non-responders. Finally, fluid therapy was initiated as per the guidelines of surviving sepsis campaign (2021) followed by COP re-assessment to determine actual fluid responders\non-responders. Results: 67% of the cases was responding to fluid. Receiver operating characteristic showed areas under curve for EEO and ΔIVC in predicting responsiveness to fluid were 0.597 and 0.925, respectively. EEO (32.4%) was predictive with 47.8% sensitivity and 100% specificity. The ΔIVC (64.7%) was predictive with 91.3% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Conclusion: IVC-respiratory variation showed better values in prediction of response to fluid in MV patients with sepsis than EEO test.

This research deals with the study of electronic blogs in context of Apparel Marketing as one of the most marketing skills fashion brand needs is communication activities, since consumers become dependent on the Internet to get information and exchange opinions through electronic means , nowadays one of the important forms of brands' electronic presence is blogs, especially in the field of fashion. so this search was conducted on what the blog is, its origin and development, its characteristics, then the role of the blog in marketing clothing and the determinants of its use in brands' communications in the field of ready-made clothes, then the analytical framework for this research came To develop a proposal for criteria for using the blog through the following points: Choosing an international brand in the field of ready-to-wear (NIKE) . Analytical study of the blog page of the chosen brand . Divide the blog into mandatory points . Deduce the sub-points of the previous points .▪ Keywords : (Blog - Branding - Clothing Marketing) .

Abstract Nanofluids for enhanced oil recovery offer a breakthrough solution towards tertiary recovery and consequently higher oil production. Their ability to reduce interfacial tension, alteration of formation’s wettability, higher adsorption capacity, and acceleration of disjoining pressure makes them excellent candidates for enhanced oil recovery. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of polymers on zinc oxide (ZnO) nanofluids for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and the role played by chemical modification using polymer stabilizers on nanoparticle stability in nanofluids. Nanoparticles with an average particle size of 34 nm were synthesized and used to prepare nanofluids of different concentrations and their stability was evaluated using sedimentation and UV–vis spectrophotometry tests. ZnO-synthesized nanofluids were used solely and in addition to Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as stabilizing agents. It was noted that ZnO nanofluids with PVA stabilizer recorded the highest oil recovery of 82%. In contrast, the ZnO nanofluids without stabilizing agents registered the lowest recovery rate during the flooding experiment. The results revealed that a higher injection rate increases the oil recovery and reduces the viscous fingering effect with a better displacement front. Furthermore, nanofluids containing polymeric stabilizing agents achieved better recovery factors compared to ZnO nanofluids without stabilizing agents. This phenomenon was also observed in the interfacial tension test where nanofluids with PVA and PVP stabilizers reduced the IFT by 59% and 61% respectively.

Organic pollutants exist in industrial wastewater effluent is a critical environmental problem. For instance, Para-nitrophenol is one of the volatile organic compounds (VOC) that can cause a significant harm to biological systems including plants, fish and other organisms due to its toxicity. However, para-nitrophenol can cause technical problems in Condensate Polishing Plant (one part of the wastewater treatment system) such as resins defect in the ion exchange unit. Activated carbon (AC) is commonly used in the carbon filter which is installed before the ion exchange unit. The proposed AC has been modified to extend the resin lifetime which may shorten as a result of fouling due to the organic compounds. Adsorptive removal of organic pollutants can efficiently solve this problem. Surface modification of AC using acidic solution is employed in this research. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) is used to study the pore structure of the activated carbon before and after modification. The effect of different controlling parameters was investigated by verification of adsorbate concentration, pH and temperature against the adsorption capacity of both unmodified and modified AC. Whereas UV-vis Spectrophotometer was used to determine the adsorption capacity of AC towards organic pollutant. As the concentration of absorbate increases, adsorption capacity increases. The adsorption reaches its highest point around pH 7, and when the carbonization temperature increases, the adsorption capacity increases as well.

IntroductionOptic neuropathy is an affection of the optic neurons, which ends with blindness and occurs either primarily due to direct affection of the optic nerve or secondarily as a complication of chronic diseases and/or adverse effects of their therapy. The search for novel therapeutic tools is crucial in addressing the limited therapeutic approaches for optic neuropathy. Therefore, the present study was developed to investigate the possible ameliorative effect of tempol against cisplatin-induced optic neuropathy and its underlying mechanism.MethodsForty-eight adult male albino Wistar rats were divided into four equal groups—control, tempol (TEM), cisplatin (CIS), and tempol and cisplatin combined (TEM+CIS). Optic nerve oxidative stress (MDA, SOD, and GPx), gene expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ATF-6, XBP-1, BIP, CHOP, and JNK), autophagy 6 (LC3, Beclin-1, and p62) markers, nerve growth factor-1, immunohistochemical expression of (LC3 and p62), histopathological, and electron microscopic examination were performed.ResultsHistopathological and ultrastructure examination validated that cisplatin caused optic neuropathy by inducing oxidative stress, upregulating ER stress markers, and downregulating autophagy markers, and NGF-1 expression. TEM + CIS showed improvement in optic nerve structure and ultrastructure along with oxidative stress, ER stress mRNA, autophagy (immunohistochemical proteins and mRNA) markers, and nerve growth factor mRNA expression.ConclusionsBased on previous findings, tempol represents a valid aid in cisplatin-induced optic neuropathy by implicating new molecular drug targets (ER stress and autophagy) for optic neuropathy therapy.

Objective: Spinal cord ischemia (SCI) is a potentially devastating complication of thoracic and thoraco-abdominal endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR and TAEVAR) that can result in varying degrees of short-term and permanent disability. This study was undertaken to evaluate the incidence, investigate the risk factors of SCI, and describe the clinical outcomes, reversibility, long-term functional impact, and influence on survival of SCI Methods: This study employed a retrospective design to investigate patients who underwent TEVAR and TAEVAR successfully within the past 11 years between January 2012 and June 2022 in a single center. The analysis focused on factors such as incidence, personal history, and detailed assessment of medical and surgical risk factors. Data was retrieved from medical records. SCI was defined by any new lower neurologic deficit not attributable to another cause and diagnosed through clinical examination immediately after emergence from anesthesia and frequently postoperatively, as well as during follow-up outpatient clinic visits. Results: A total of 137 patients were enrolled in the study. Among them, 15 patients developed lower limb paralysis with an incidence of 10.95%, three patients (20.1%) developed paralysis immediately postoperatively, and five patients (33.3%) developed paralysis on day 1 postoperatively (33.3%). Furthermore, the remaining patients experienced delayed onset paralysis, with the most recent case occurring 26 days after the operation. In terms of reversibility, nine patients had complete reversal of their motor and sensory symptoms to the baseline preoperative status. Two patients experienced a partial reversal of their symptoms, and four patients had persistent symptoms without any improvement. Data showed that 12 out of 81 patients (14.8%) who had functioning spinal drains developed paralysis. The duration of the procedure was the most significant risk factor for paralysis. Patients with a mean duration of 270 min had a higher risk of paralysis. Conclusion: Prediction of paralysis post-TEVAR and TAEVAR remains challenging, with data analysis indicating that the duration of the procedure is the sole statistically significant variable to consider. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The genus Cassia and Senna have been classified under subfamily Caesalpinioideae of family Fabaceae (Leguminosae) of order Fabales. There is a scarce taxonomical studies of the genus Cassia and Senna inhabiting Egyptian environments, thus, the main objective of the current was to revise and authenticate the phylogenetic relationship between studied taxa of the species of the genera Cassia and Senna in Egypt using the recent tools of ITS barcoding, RAPD analysis and metabolic profiling, in comparing to the traditional taxonomical features. From the cluster analysis of the traditional 27 morphological characters, the studied taxa were categorized into two major clades with an average taxonomic distance of 4.3. The clade I include Cassia fistula, C. renigera, C. javanica L subsp. nodosa and C. roughiia that belongs to series Obolospermae, and C. grandis that belongs to series Grandes. The clade (II) includes Senna surattensis and S. alata at taxonomic level 3.6. The taxonomical description of the studied taxa was confirmed from the molecular analysis of ITS sequences and RAPD analysis. The ITS sequences of the tested plants species C. fistula L, C. grandis MD4, C. javanica subsp. nodosa MD7, C. roxburghii MD5, C. renigera MD5 were deposited at genbank with accession numbers MW367973, MZ960447, MW386305, MW326753 and MW32685, respectively. While, the ITS sequences of the S. surrattensis and S. alata were deposited into genbank accession # MD14 MW367670 and MD20 MW412635, respectively. Thus, from the molecular analysis, two clades were clearly separated into Clade I of Cassia and Clade II of Senna. The cluster I represented by C. fistula, C. renigera, C. roxburghii, and C. javanica sub nodosa, and the cluster II represented by S. alata and S. surattensis. From the PCA of RAPD, a clearly discrimination between the two Taxa was observed revealing the characteristic grouping of Cassia and Senna. The species Senna alata and Senna surattensis were grouped together, but the species of C. renigera, C. javanica, C. roxburghii and C. grandis was grouped on a distinct group. The separation of Cassia and Senna species into two clusters verify the segregation of the genus Cassia L. senso lato into two distinct genera namely Senna P. and Cassia L. The morphological, molecular traits of the studied plants were authenticated from the metabolic profiling by GC-MS analysis. Among the 23 identified metabolites, four compounds namely hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester, 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-ethyl ester and Vitamin E were detected with fluctuated concentrations, among C. fistula, C. grandis, C. javanica subsp. nodosa and C. roxburghii. Conclusively, the traditional morphological features, molecular barcoding using ITS sequences, RAPD analysis and metabolic traits by GC-MS analysis, authenticates the taxonomical diversity of the genus Cassia and Senna.

Among the 70–80 species of the genus Lycium (family Solanaceae) disjunctly distributed around the world, only three are frequently distributed in different locations in Egypt. Due to the morphological similarities between these three species, there is a need for alternative tools to distinguish them. Thus, the objective of this study was to revise the taxonomic features of Lycium europaeum L., Lycium shawii Roem. & Schult., and Lycium schweinfurthii var. aschersonii (Dammer) Feinbrun in consideration of their anatomical, metabolic, molecular, and ecological characteristics. In addition to analysis of their anatomical and ecological features, DNA barcoding was performed for molecular characterization through internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing and start codon targeted (SCoT) markers. Furthermore, metabolic profiling of the studied species was conducted based on gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The observed anatomical features of the adaxial and abaxial epidermal layers, type of mesophyll, crystals, number of palisade and spongy layers, and the vascular system showed variations between the studied species. Beyond this, the anatomy of the leaves showed an isobilateral structure in the studied species, without distinct differences. Species were molecularly identified in terms of ITS sequences and SCoT markers. The ITS sequences were deposited in GenBank with accession numbers ON149839.1, OP597546.1, and ON521125.1 for L. europaeum L., L. shawii, and L. schweinfurthii var. aschersonii, respectively. The sequences showed variations in GC content between the studied species; this was 63.6% in L. europaeum, 61.53% in L. shawii, and 63.55% in L. schweinfurthii var. aschersonii. A total of 62 amplified fragments, including 44 polymorphic fragments with a ratio of 70.97%, were obtained in the SCoT analysis, as well as unique amplicons in L. europaeum L., shawii, and L. schweinfurthii var. aschersonii of 5, 11, and 4 fragments, respectively. Through GC-MS profiling, 38 compounds were identified with clear fluctuations in the extracts of each species. Of these, 23 were distinguishing chemicals that could help in chemical identification of the extracts of the studied species. The present study succeeds in identifying alternative clear and diverse characteristics that can be used to distinguish between L. europaeum, L. shawii, and L. schweinfurthii var. aschersonii.

We describe a case of hybrid total thoracic aortic repair and valve-in-valve transcatheter aortic valve replacement in a high-risk patient with complicated chronic type A dissection and severe prosthetic aortic stenosis. The patient underwent a three-stage-procedure including aortic arch debranching, thoracic endovascular aortic repair of the ascending aorta, aortic arch and descending thoracic aorta, and direct aortic valve-in-valve replacement using transcatheter heart valve. The details of the procedures are described with a discussion of the challenges and the decision-making process.

Abstract Introduction Multiple studies have shown a decrease in the inflammatory response with minimized bypass circuits leading to less complications and mortality rate. On the other hand, some other studies showed that there is no difference in post-operative outcomes. So, the aim of this study is to investigate the clinical benefits of using the Minimized cardiopulmonary Bypass system in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting and its effect on postoperative morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients as one of the high-risk groups that may benefit from these systems. Methods This is a retrospective study that included 114 diabetic patients who underwent Coronary artery bypass grafting (67 patients with conventional cardiopulmonary bypass system and 47 with Minimized cardiopulmonary bypass system). The patients’ demographics, intra-operative characteristics and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups. Results Coronary artery bypass grafting was done on a beating heart less commonly in the conventional cardiopulmonary bypass group (44.78% vs. 63.83%, p = 0.045). There was no difference between the two groups in blood loss or transfusion requirements. Four patients in the conventional cardiopulmonary bypass group suffered perioperative myocardial infarction while no one had perioperative myocardial infarction in the Minimized cardiopulmonary bypass group. On the other hand, less patients in the conventional group had postoperative Atrial Fibrillation (4.55% vs. 27.5%, p = 0.001). The requirements for Adrenaline and Nor-Adrenaline infusions were more common the conventional group than the Minimized group. Conclusion The use of conventional cardiopulmonary bypass for Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in diabetic patients was associated with higher use of postoperative vasogenic and inotropic support. However, that did not translate into higher complications rate or mortality.

Abstract Background Routine administration of antibacterials in patients with Covid-19 has been a subject of debate, with no solid data about the true prevalence of respiratory coinfections in Covid-19 patients in different geographic areas. The aim of the current study was to identify respiratory coinfections in Covid-19 patients admitted to the hospital and to identify its genetic resistance pattern using the respiratory multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results The study included 40 patients, 32 males (80%) and 8 (20%) females with a mean age of 59.3 ± 12.6. Half of the patients had respiratory bacterial coinfections documented by pneumonia (PN) panel. The most common isolate was Klebsiella pneumoniae (10/20, 50%), followed by Acinetobacter calcoaceticus baumanni complex (7/20, 35%). Regarding genetic resistance, thirteen (13/20, 65%) isolates were proven extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae. Thirteen (13/20, 65%) isolates were proven carbapenemase-producing organisms testing positive for New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM), oxacillinase β-lactamases (OXA-48), and Verona Integron-Encoded Metallo-β-Lactamase (VIM) (7/20, 35%; 5/20, 25%; 1/20, 5%, respectively). The four isolated Staphylococcus aureus were methicillin-resistant (4/20, 20%). Conclusion In our cohort, there was 50% rate of bacterial respiratory coinfection in patients with severe Covid-19 admitted to the ICU with high rates of carbapenemase-producing gram-negative bacteria that required escalation of antibacterials and represented a challenge to clinicians.