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Toxicovigilance is the active process of identifying and evaluating the toxic risks existing in a community, and evaluating the measures taken to reduce or eliminate them. The operation of toxicovigilance requires the use of methods, tools, and techniques. The objective of this article is to describe the organization of toxicovigilance, to identify their components, and to specify the methods, tools and techniques which are applied to them and are necessary for their operation. To achieve those goals, we based our study on a bibliographic synthesis, where some key references were selected, analysed, and summarised. The results of our study have shown that the performance of a toxicovigilance system requires the mastery and integration of methods, tools, and techniques by trained and experienced staff. Those methods, tools and techniques can be classified into six stages. The study also showed that the practice of toxicovigilance is one of the core tasks of a poison control centres. Our study has shown that Anti-poison and Pharmacovigilance center Morocco constitutes a real observatory in terms of toxicovigilance. It ensures a vigilance and alert function concerning different toxic groups.

A novel decoding algorithm having a simple hardware realization is proposed for convolutional codes. The proposed decoder accepts a simple implementation in hardware in terms of area occupancy and power consumption compared to other decoders for convolutional codes such as those based on the Viterbi algorithm (VA). Furthermore, the processing delays due to looking back and forward in a trellis as in sequential decoding algorithms are avoided, which makes the proposed decoder suitable for fast high data rates wireless communication systems. Simulation results show a comparable bit error rate (BER) performance to optimal decoders with a reduction of power consumption of 60% compared to Viterbi decoders.

The convenience and easiness to implement and use of wireless local area networks , such as IEEE 802.11, is contrasted by the high energy consumption of mobile computers due to collisions and interferences occurring on the wireless medium and leading to a high number of retransmissions a station must perform before there can be a successful transmission of a packet. Mobile stations being essentially battery-driven, it is important to ensure a long lifetime for these batteries and therefore energy-efficiency is an increasingly vital issue in the design of these systems. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to improve the Collision Avoidance mechanism specified in the IEEE 802.11 standard as a part of its Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol, by dynamically reducing the number of retransmissions required after a collision occurs on the medium.

Algorithms for dynamic resource allocation in OFDM based wireless systems, known as Marge Adaptive optimization (MA), aim at reducing the total power consumption of the base station under individual minimum transmit rates for terminals. While it has been shown that using adaptive modulation increases the capacity of the wireless system, most MA algorithms may not be energy efficient when many mobile users are far from the base station because adaptive modulation decisions are left to the end of the algorithm after subcarrier allocation decisions have been already made. The low complexity channel allocation algorithm presented in this paper shows that a better use of adaptive modulation can result in better energy efficiency for both the base station and mobile users, while offering comparative performance with existing solutions.

This paper proposes an approach to save the energy consumed by a computer’s wireless network interface card (WNIC) due to the wireless communication activity in an IEEE 802.11 wireless local area network (WLAN). The energy efficiency design is considered at the MAC (Medium Access Control) layer, especially in its Distributed coordination Function (DCF), by reducing automatically the number of retransmissions due to collisions on the wireless channel.