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In a significant number of patients suffering from partial absence of teeth, computed tomography determines a deficiency of bone tissue in the area of missing teeth. This in turn complicates the placement of dental implants. The modern dental market is widely represented by various osteoconductive and indifferent materials that allow restoring the missing volume of bone tissue. An analysis of the literature data demonstrates the highest efficiency of osteoconductive materials. Their most effective representative is Kollpan-L®. Target. To determine the features of the clinical use of Kollapana-L® during closed sinus lift. Materials and methods. Patient M., aged 54, complained of a partial absence of teeth in the upper jaw. When conducting a computed tomography study, it was revealed the need to use the osteoplastic material «Kollapan-L»® during the operation of a closed sinus lift. Conclusion. As a result of the study, it was revealed that the use of osteoplastic material «Kollapan-L»® allows to reduce various postoperative complications (pain, swelling), and also promotes accelerated regeneration of bone tissue in the area of the defect.

Background. The pathologies of the salivary glands are very diverse. Salivary stone disease occupies a special place among diseases of the salivary glands of a non-neoplastic nature. The incidence of salivary stone disease is extremely extensive and accounts for up to 85% of all pathologies of the salivary glands.Objective. Improvement of minimally invasive methods of treatment of salivary stone disease, which does not lead to excision of the gland.Material and methods. On the basis of the Clinics of the Samara State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, in the period from 2010 to 2020, a clinical group was formed, consisting of 193 patients with salivary stone disease of various localization. The age of the patients ranged from 16 to 84 years. All patients were therapeutically examined at the preoperative stage, voluntary informed consent was signed. Shockwave sialotripsy was performed in 95 patients of the main group (in 64 patients the calculus was located in the submandibular salivary gland, in 31 patients – in the parotid salivary gland). For lithotripsy, we used a lithotripter apparatus "Edap" (France) and "Wolf" (Germany).Results. The analysis of the results obtained as a result of the study made it possible to draw a conclusion about reasonably better results of removal of calculi in the ducts of the salivary glands using the lithotripter "Swiss LithoClast® Master" (Switzerland). At the first visit and the therapeutic effect of the lithotripter, all patients suffering from bouts of salivary colic showed complete cessation.Conclusion. Thus our study, which was devoted to the study of the results of various methods of treating patients with salivary stone disease showed that sialolithotripsy using special narrowly targeted devices for crushing and subsequent excretion of salivary calculi allows to achieve the best results at present.

Relevance. Before starting the therapeutic treatment of various periodontal diseases, it should be clearly understood that a high-quality treatment is possible only with complex therapy, excluding local irritating adverse factors in the oral cavity, elimination of inflammatory processes in the periodontal tissues, as well as violations of its function. One of the main tasks of the treatment of periodontal diseases is the preservation of the dentition with a single functional system.Purpose – to assess the use of the drug Kollapan in tooth extraction and treatment of periodontitis.Materials and methods. The clinical observation group consisted of 40 patients aged 19 to 65 years. The gender ratio was 3 : 2 (60% men, 40% women). The largest percentage of patients (65%) came to the clinic with complex tooth extraction. The remaining 35% – with generalized periodontitis of moderate and mild severity.Results. Clinical observation showed that in the first group of patients, whose therapy included the use of Collapan, after a complex tooth extraction, physiological healing of the hole was observed, the disappearance of inflammation within 24–36 hours after the surgery

Odontoreparation is fundamental to ensure the functional efficiency, high aesthetics and durability of fixed prostheses. At present, with fixed prosthetics of defects in hard tissues of teeth and dentition, various types of artificial crowns are widely used [1, 2]. Purpose of the study: to determine the angular deviations of the vertical surfaces of molars, prepared by students of the 3rd year. Based on the data obtained, calculate the average value for the group and identify which surfaces of the stump are most prone to errors during odontopreparation. Materials and methods. Frasaco® phantom teeth (mandibular molars) were used as research materials. Preparation for metal-ceramic crowns was carried out according to the traditional method by thirteen third-year students of the Samara State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia. In this work, 6° was taken as the optimal angle of convergence of the vertical walls (3° on each of the two opposite surfaces). During the preparation, a fissure bur d = 1,6 mm was used. Conclusion. The average time spent on preparation is quite long, which indicates an insufficient level of manual skills. The revealed phenomena of wall divergence also indicate that the preparation skills are insufficient. In addition, divergence was found mainly on the distal surface, which is explained by more difficult access and limited visibility of the prepared surface.

Modern digital technologies and their software open up new possibilities in dentistry. For example, the use of computed tomography is becoming more and more affordable. Almost every dental tomograph has the necessary software for 3D planning of dental procedures. Dental implantation has developed significantly in our country. The available surgical equipment make it possible to put dental implants even with the deficit of bone tissue. The purpose of this article was to summarize various methods to plan the placing the dental implant and to manufacture surgical templates. Dentistry has always been closely associated with other areas of science and industry, it tends to use a large number of modern innovations and developments. In this article, we have collected materials to demonstrate how the treatment process is changing in response to the integration of computer diagnostics and manufacturing (CAD / CAM) technologies. Consequently, we have more efficient and less traumatic dental implant planning systems based on the accurate data and computer calculations that minimize technological and human negative factors.

This study analyzes reports of the role of robot assistance in dentistry and the main pathways for its further development. We report a retrospective analysis of the construction of robotic and robot-assisted systems used in dental practice. The development of robot-assisted and robotic systems should be included in improvements to methods of intraoperative imaging, diagnostics, and improvements in surgical instrumentation and the introduction of new robotic developments.

Introduction. The first use of the robot in surgery occurred in 1985. The PUMA 560 robot was used to position a needle for a brain biopsy according to a CT scan [2,4,5]. In 1994, Computer Motion’s surgical robotic system, Automated Endoscopic System for Optimal Positioning (AESOP), was the first in the United States to receive permission for use in surgical practice from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Purpose. To analyze the literature and patent sources and propose a preliminary classification of the range of application of robot-assisted systems in medicine. Material and methods. Analyzed and systematized the field of application of robot-assimilated systems (RAS) in medicine, as well as the possibility of using the application of RAS for training specialists. Findings. In our opinion, the development of robot-assisted systems should include the improvement of methods of intraoperative imaging, diagnostic tools, the improvement of surgical instruments, as well as the emergence of new robot-assisted developments. We assume that the future of medical operational technologies is beyond mechatronic devices, but the use of these systems requires a rational approach. The use of this equipment is justified only in the case when it is impossible or significantly difficult to carry out the operation by a doctor.

The modern techniques for dental implants positioning are analyzed. It is established that the duration of dental implants functioning depends on the accuracy of their positioning. The peculiarities of the influence of the human factor on the results of the installation of dental implants are revealed. It is shown that the «free hand» technique is the most inaccurate method. The accuracy of mechanical devices leaves an imprint on the results of dental implantation. Overall, the improvement of implant positioning techniques went along the way of eliminating the negative influence of the human factor on the results of the operation. For this purpose, a few mechanical devices and methods were proposed to approximate the result of the operation to the preoperative plan. Thus, the development of methods for positioning dental implants has gone from the«free hand» technique to robotic systems. Dental navigation platforms evolved along the path of improving the design and increasing the accuracy of implant positioning. In recent years there has been a sharp slowdown in the development of dental navigation systems and an increasing number of applications of robotic systems for the installation of dental implants. At the same time, the role of the implantologist gradually fades into the background, giving way to the dominant role for robotic systems that exceed the accuracy of the positioning of dental implants. In general, the use of mechanical and robotic devices in dental implantation makes it possible to achieve the best result in comparison with the «free hand» technique.

Introduction. One of the main tasks of modern dentistry is to preserve the tooth as an organ. Materials and methods. Discusses the clinical case of tooth replantation of 3.6 containing a perforation of the root. We removed it with subsequent transplantation according to the anatomical location. On the 70th day, with a targeted radiographic examination, the bone around the roots of the tooth 3.6 is wealthy, the periodontal slit is traced. The bony septum at the bifurcation is available. Summary. After 1 year and 5 months after transplantation, the tooth 3.6 had mobility of the 2nd degree and pain when biting, there was a recession of the gum. Bone integration of the medial root and resorption of bifurcation and distal root began. This led to the removal of the tooth 3.6.

A high percentage of patients with a diagnosis of partial absence of teeth often have a deficiency in the bone tissue of the alveolar ridge, which, in turn, makes it difficult, and in some cases makes it impossible, to impose dental implants. At the moment there are a number of materials involved in the restoration of bone tissue. These include osteoinductive, osteoconductive and indifferent materials. The authors note that osteoconductive materials are the most effective of these groups for bone tissue repair. A prominent representative is the drug Collapan-L. Purpose. To determine the features of the clinical use of the drug Collapan-L during dental implantation. Materials and methods. Patient P., 49 years old, complained of partial absence of teeth in the upper jaw. After examining the computed tomographic images, it was decided to perform a closed sinus lift operation with the use of osteoplastic material Collapan-L. Conclusion. In the course of our research, it was found that the effect of Collapan-L on the defects of bone structures allows to reduce the postoperative effects, such as pain, swelling, allows for quick and high-quality regeneration of bone tissue.

Currently, the standard of implant quality is the use of cylindrical or cone-shaped dental implants. The strength with which the implant is inserted should not be more than 45-50 Ncm. Osteointegration occurs 3-4 months after implantation on the lower jaw and 4-6 months on the upper. When setting up a dental implant, you should observe the permissible angle of inclination of their axis - up to 5-7. Deviation from this range creates difficulties in the subsequent prosthetics, as well as violates the aesthetics and functionality. If the implant loading is incorrectly calculated, there are changes in the bone tissue surrounding the implant, up to its resorption. Materials and methods. The collection of clinical material was carried out on the basis of the SFM of SamSMU in the period from 2015 to 2018. Implantation was performed in 32 people using the free hand technique. Negative results of implantation were observed in patients entering the age group of 45-65 years. Periimplantitis was observed in the projection of the missing tooth 2,2 (d implant 3,75*8,0), tooth 3.5 (d implant 3,75*11,5). All implanted implants belonged to MISS. Conclusions. As a result of the analysis of the obtained data, it can be concluded that the largest distribution of angular deviations was observed in the sagittal plane, in contrast to the frontal, which is probably due to the peculiarities of the anatomical structure of the wrist joint.

The common goal for all stages of software design is the components reusing that corresponds to the basic principles of the multi-paradigm approach considered in the article. The main aim of the article is a forming of new conceptual bounds in the software design based on the most significant features of procedural, object-oriented and generic programming paradigms. For each paradigm, an example of calculating a diffractive optical element (DOE) phase function on a given set of points is considered, and their advantages and disadvantages are evaluated. Code snippets were created using the C# language supporting several programming paradigms that allows defining algorithmic, behavioral and syntactic commonality. The multi-paradigm approach creates the ability for the implementation of different programming techniques during research in the area of computer optics.

In the present study, the role of robot-assistance in dentistry and the main ways of its further development are analyzed. The basic structures of mechatronic devices and the features of their application in dentistry were reviewed. A retro-prospective analysis of the structures of robotic and robot-assisted systems used in dental practice was carried out. The development of robot-assisted and robotic systems should include the improvement of methods of intraoperative imaging, diagnostic tools, the improvement of surgical instruments, as well as the emergence of new robotic developments.В представленном исследовании анализируются роль робот-ассистенции в стоматологии и основные пути ее дальнейшего развития. Рассмотрены основные конструкции механотронных устройств и особенности их применения в стоматологии. Проведен ретропроспективный анализ конструкций роботизированных и робот-ассистированных систем, применяемых в стоматологической практике. Развитие робот-ассистированных и роботизированных систем должно включать усовершенствование методов интраоперационной визуализации, средств диагностики, совершенствование хирургического инструментария, а также появление новых роботизированных разработок.

Relevance. According to WHO, the absence of teeth occurs in various regions of the globe in 75 % of the population [1]. In the Russian Federation, tooth extraction in 35–44 years is 5.50 %, in patients older than 44 years is 17.29 % of the total number of people applying for dental treatment. Purpose. To analyze the theoretical basis for the positioning of dental implants. Materials and methods. The authors of the article carried out a retrospective analysis of the literature data on the theoretical basis for the positioning of dental implants. It was revealed that modern implantology successfully solves many problems of rehabilitation of patients with dentition defects. The conclusion. Improper positioning of dental implants entails a number of surgical and orthopedic problems, leading to disruption of the osteointegration of dental implants and, consequently, the inability of the dental implant to function.

The article deals with design patterns of relational databases that are used as storage systems of experimental data. The classification of these patterns based on their complexity and level of detail in the description of entities and their relations is given. For each pattern, specific features of its application in the process of data modeling are shown. Databases created on the basis of simple patterns are less adapted to changes. Their design corresponds only to a context of a solvable task. Databases created using more complex patterns have a more flexible design. It allows considering requirements which can arise in the future that minimizes need for redesign.

A method of the preconcentration of cadmium and lead as complexes with 2,3-dimercaptopropane-1-sulfonic acid (Unithiol) on a silica surface with the immobilized quaternary ammonium salt groups in the dynamic mode has been developed. The conditions of preconcentration (pH, flow rate and volume of solution) and the subsequent elution of cadmium and lead by a nitric acid solution have been optimized. The proposed method allows the separation of heavy metals from the cationic matrix (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+) with the preconcentration coefficient equal to 100. The limits of detection for cadmium and lead by flame atomic-absorption spectrometry are 0.3 and 2 μg/L, respectively.

The article deals with the methodology of creation a universal data storage for applications oriented to the specialists who participate in scientific researches. It is assumed that the storage structure is not rigidly bound to any scientific domain, and it will be demanded in many projects related to the data accumulation, data analysis and processing. The proposed approach to the organization of the storage system is based on fundamental principles, concepts and technologies that used in the software design process. This process is based on the subject domain analysis and the detection criteria of commonality and variability which guarantee high abstraction level as one of the main tools for working with data.

The aim is to improve the performance of solving a problem of deformable solid mechanics through the use of GPGPU. The paper describes technologies for computing systems using both a central and a graphics processor and provides motivation for using CUDA technology as the efficient one.The paper also analyses methods to solve the problem of defining natural frequencies and design waveforms, i.e. an iteration method in the subspace. The method includes several stages. The paper considers the most resource-hungry stage, which defines the stiffness matrix in the subspace of eigenforms and gives the mathematical interpretation of this stage.The GPU choice as a computing device is justified. The paper presents an algorithm for calculating the stiffness matrix in the subspace of eigenforms taking into consideration the features of input data. The global stiffness matrix is very sparse, and its size can reach tens of millions. Therefore, it is represented as a set of the stiffness matrices of the single elements of a model. The paper analyses methods of data representation in the software and selects the best practices for GPU computing.It describes the software implementation using CUDA technology to calculate the stiffness matrix in the subspace of eigenforms. Due to the input data nature, it is impossible to use the universal libraries of matrix computations (cuSPARSE and cuBLAS) for loading the GPU. For efficient use of GPU resources in the software implementation, the stiffness matrices of elements are built in the block matrices of a special form. The advantages of using shared memory in GPU calculations are described.The transfer to the GPU computations allowed a twentyfold increase in performance (as compared to the multithreaded CPU-implementation) on the model of middle dimensions (degrees of freedom about 2 million). Such an acceleration of one stage speeds up defining the natural frequencies and waveforms by the iteration method in a subspace up to times.