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Recent work shows fascinating links between ensemble averaging and the Swampland program. In order to break the emerging global symmetries of the ensemble averaging as dictated by the no global symmetries conjecture, one may consider fluctuations away from the average given by deviations in the Siegel-Weil formula. In this work, we investigate the physical interpretation of these fluctuations in the bulk physics and pinpoint the states giving rise to them. For this purpose, we explore an ensemble of generalised Narain CFTs and build the AdS$_{3}$ gravitational dual in the Chern-Simons (CS) framework. We study the associated charged BTZ black hole solution and assess its stability. Using the Swampland weak gravity conjecture, we show that the fluctuations of the ensemble average are below the BTZ threshold and correspond to a sublattice of superextremal states emitted by the black hole. We exploit the logarithmic density of states to derive bounds on the charged vectors of the abelian CS symmetry and introduce a novel formulation of the density function to ensure consistency with the sublattice WGC. We establish bounds that allows to distinguish heavy states contributing to the average from light states generating fluctuations around it.

We study strategic interactions in a broker-mediated market. A broker provides liquidity to an informed trader and to noise traders while managing inventory in the lit market. The broker and the informed trader maximise their trading performance while filtering each other's private information; the trader estimates the broker's trading activity in the lit market while the broker estimates the informed trader's private signal. Brokers hold a strategic advantage over traders who rely solely on prices to filter information. We find that information leakage in the client's trading flow yields an economic value to the broker that is comparable to transaction costs; she speculates profitably and mitigates risk effectively, which, in turn, adversely impacts the informed trader's performance. In contrast, low signal-to-noise sources, such as prices, result in the broker's trading performance being indistinguishable from that of a naive strategy that internalises noise flow, externalises informed flow, and offloads inventory at a constant rate.

In this study, we explore the topological properties of the photon-dressed energy bands in bilayer $\alpha-T_{3}$ lattices, focusing on both aligned and cyclic stacking configurations under the influence of off-resonant circularly polarized light. We derive precise analytical expressions for the quasi-energy bands in the aligned stacking case, while numerical results for cyclic stacking are obtained at the Dirac points. Our findings reveal that the time-reversal symmetry breaking caused by circularly polarized light completely lifts the degeneracy at the $t^{a,c}$-point intersections at these Dirac points. To investigate the topological signatures of the driven $\alpha-T_{3}$ lattices, we examine the Berry phase through anomalous magnetic and thermal responses. Notably, at $\alpha = 1/\sqrt{2}$, we find that the orbital magnetic moments associated with both corrugated and flat bands exhibit opposite signs, along with their Berry curvatures. For values of $0 < \alpha < 1$, off-resonant light induces deformations in the bands near the Dirac points, leading to two equally sized gaps in the quasi-energy spectrum. The position of the chemical potential within these gaps significantly influences the orbital magnetization. We observe that linear variations in magnetization correlate with Chern numbers on either side of $\alpha = 1/\sqrt{2}$. These topological features manifest as distinct quantized values of anomalous Hall conductivity across both stacking types...

Multimodal machine learning models, such as those that combine text and image modalities, are increasingly used in critical domains including public safety, security, and healthcare. However, these systems inherit biases from their single modalities. This study proposes a systemic framework for analyzing dynamic multimodal bias interactions. Using the MMBias dataset, which encompasses categories prone to bias such as religion, nationality, and sexual orientation, this study adopts a simulation-based heuristic approach to compute bias scores for text-only, image-only, and multimodal embeddings. A framework is developed to classify bias interactions as amplification (multimodal bias exceeds both unimodal biases), mitigation (multimodal bias is lower than both), and neutrality (multimodal bias lies between unimodal biases), with proportional analyzes conducted to identify the dominant mode and dynamics in these interactions. The findings highlight that amplification (22\%) occurs when text and image biases are comparable, while mitigation (11\%) arises under the dominance of text bias, highlighting the stabilizing role of image bias. Neutral interactions (67\%) are related to a higher text bias without divergence. Conditional probabilities highlight the text's dominance in mitigation and mixed contributions in neutral and amplification cases, underscoring complex modality interplay. In doing so, the study encourages the use of this heuristic, systemic, and interpretable framework to analyze multimodal bias interactions, providing insight into how intermodal biases dynamically interact, with practical applications for multimodal modeling and transferability to context-based datasets, all essential for developing fair and equitable AI models., Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures

We investigate higher spin AdS$_{3}$ gravity with real split forms of complex A$_{N}$ B$_{N}$, C$_{N}$ and D$_{N}$ Lie algebras. This is done by linking $SO(1,2)$ spin multiplets with splitted root systems using Tits-Satake diagrams of real forms. Unlike $SL(N,R)$, we show that the orthogonal families have two different higher spin (HS) spectrums: vectorial and spinorial. We find amongst others that the spinorial spectrum has an isolated spin j$_{\mathcal{N}}$ given by $\mathcal{N}\left(\mathcal{N}+1\right)/2$ for $SO(\mathcal{N},1+\mathcal{N})$ and $\mathcal{N} \left( \mathcal{N}-1\right) /2$ for $SO(\mathcal{N},\mathcal{N})$. We implement these results into the computation of the HS partition functions in these gravity theories and identify the individual contributions of the higher spin fields; valuable to manoeuver the HS-BTZ black hole partition function

Characterizing non-Markovianity in open quantum systems (OQSs) is gaining increasing attention due to its profound implications for quantum information processing. This phenomenon arises from the system's evolution being influenced by its previous interactions with the environment. To better understand these complex dynamics, various measures have been proposed, including those based on divisibility, quantum mutual information, and trace distance. Each of these measures provides a different perspective on the behavior of OQSs. Here, we introduce a novel approach to quantifying non-Markovianity by focusing on metrological non-classical correlations. This approach is based on a discord-like measure of quantum correlations for multi-component quantum systems known as local quantum Fisher information (LQFI), which was introduced in [58]. It is defined as the minimization of quantum Fisher information with respect to local observables and measurements. Thereby, we examine some examples to clarify the use of our metric by applying it to three different channels: the phase damping channel, the amplitude damping channel, and the depolarizing channel. In contrast to other approaches, this new metric focuses on correlated bipartite $2\otimes d$ systems, has a clear physical interpretation, and effectively captures the features of non-Markovianity. We demonstrate that the non-Markovian or Markovian evolution of an open correlated bipartite system corresponds to an increase or decrease, respectively, in the quantumness of the quantum state. This quantumness is quantified by the maximum of the measurement-induced Fisher information across all local von Neumann measurements. Compared to measuring non-Markovianity based on local quantum uncertainty, a measure of non-classical correlation of the discord type based on single observables, our results confirm that the ..

In many industrial settings, users wish to ask questions whose answers may be found in structured data sources such as a spreadsheets, databases, APIs, or combinations thereof. Often, the user doesn't know how to identify or access the right data source. This problem is compounded even further if multiple (and potentially siloed) data sources must be assembled to derive the answer. Recently, various Text-to-SQL applications that leverage Large Language Models (LLMs) have addressed some of these problems by enabling users to ask questions in natural language. However, these applications remain impractical in realistic industrial settings because they fail to cope with the data source heterogeneity that typifies such environments. In this paper, we address heterogeneity by introducing the siwarex platform, which enables seamless natural language access to both databases and APIs. To demonstrate the effectiveness of siwarex, we extend the popular Spider dataset and benchmark by replacing some of its tables by data retrieval APIs. We find that siwarex does a good job of coping with data source heterogeneity. Our modified Spider benchmark will soon be available to the research community

The aim of this paper is to study existence results for a singular problem involving the $p$-biharmonic operator and the Hardy potential. More precisely, by combining monotonicity arguments with the variational method, the existence of solutions is established. By using the Nehari manifold method, the multiplicity of solutions is proved. An example is also given, to illustrate the importance of these results.

We report the first \textit{ab initio} calculation of the nuclear-structure-dependent radiative correction $ \delta_{ \mathrm{NS} } $ to the $ {}^{10}\mathrm{C} \rightarrow {}^{10}\mathrm{B} $ superallowed transition, computed with the no-core shell model and chiral effective field theory. We obtain $\delta_{ \mathrm{NS} } = - 0.422 (29)_{ \mathrm{nuc} } (12)_{ n,\mathrm{el} } $ with a $1.6$-times reduction in the total uncertainty when compared to the current literature estimate based on the shell model and Fermi gas picture. This work paves the way for a precise determination of $V_{ud}$ from superallowed beta decays within a systematically improvable framework., Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures

Prescriptive AI represents a transformative shift in decision-making, offering causal insights and actionable recommendations. Despite its huge potential, enterprise adoption often faces several challenges. The first challenge is caused by the limitations of observational data for accurate causal inference which is typically a prerequisite for good decision-making. The second pertains to the interpretability of recommendations, which is crucial for enterprise decision-making settings. The third challenge is the silos between data scientists and business users, hindering effective collaboration. This paper outlines an initiative from IBM Research, aiming to address some of these challenges by offering a suite of prescriptive AI solutions. Leveraging insights from various research papers, the solution suite includes scalable causal inference methods, interpretable decision-making approaches, and the integration of large language models (LLMs) to bridge communication gaps via a conversation agent. A proof-of-concept, PresAIse, demonstrates the solutions' potential by enabling non-ML experts to interact with prescriptive AI models via a natural language interface, democratizing advanced analytics for strategic decision-making., Comment: 14 pages

The Variational Monte Carlo method has recently seen important advances through the use of neural network quantum states. While more and more sophisticated ans\"atze have been designed to tackle a wide variety of quantum many-body problems, modest progress has been made on the associated optimisation algorithms. In this work, we revisit the Kronecker Factored Approximate Curvature, an optimiser that has been used extensively in a variety of simulations. We suggest improvements on the scaling and the direction of this optimiser, and find that they substantially increase its performance at a negligible additional cost. We also reformulate the Variational Monte Carlo approach in a game theory framework, to propose a novel optimiser based on decision geometry. We find that, on a practical test case for continuous systems, this new optimiser consistently outperforms any of the KFAC improvements in terms of stability, accuracy and speed of convergence. Beyond Variational Monte Carlo, the versatility of this approach suggests that decision geometry could provide a solid foundation for accelerating a broad class of machine learning algorithms., Comment: 32 pages, 9 figures, 4 tables. Submitted to PRSA

In this study, we investigate the electronic, optical, thermoelectric, and thermodynamic properties of Ca(InP)2 through comprehensive theoretical calculations Ca(InP)2 is a compound with promising applications in materials science and electronics. Using the density functional theory (DFT) with Generalized Gradient Approximation (GGA) and modified Becke_Johnson approximation (mBJ), we determine the band structure, density of states, and optical properties of Ca(InP)2. The obtained results reveal that the Ca(InP)2 compound exhibits a direct band gap of 0 eV and 0,645 eV for PBE-GGA and GGA+mBJ, respectively. This direct band gap is found at the Gamma point of the Brillouin zone, making it well-suited for optoelectronic applications. Furthermore, we analyze the thermoelectric properties such as the Seebeck coefficient, the lattice thermal conductivity, and optical properties like dielectric function, absorption coefficient, conductivity, and extinction coefficient. Thermodynamic properties, including heat capacity and Debye temperature, are also calculated, providing a deeper understanding of the compound's thermal behavior. The findings of this study highlight the fundamental characteristics of Ca(InP)2 and offer valuable information for its potential use in electronic and optoelectronic devices. A comprehensive understanding of the electronic, optical, and thermodynamic properties of the Ca(InP)2 compound can serve as a guide for future experimental research and aid in the design of novel materials for a wide range of technological applications.

Randomness plays a key role in the design of attacks on cryptographic systems and cyber security algorithms in general. Random walks and quantum walks are powerful tools for mastering random phenomena. In this article, I propose a probabilistic attack model of a cryptographic system. This model is based on a random or quantum walk with the space of states being a space containing the secret to be revealed. This space can be a subspace of keys, plain texts or cipher texts.

This paper is concerned with existence results for the singular $p$-biharmonic problem involving the Hardy potential and the critical Hardy-Sobolev exponent. More precisely, by using variational methods combined with the Mountain pass theorem and the Ekeland variational principle, we establish the existence and multiplicity of solutions. To illustrate the usefulness of our results, an illustrative example is also presented.

Constant product markets with concentrated liquidity (CL) are the most popular type of automated market makers. In this paper, we characterise the continuous-time wealth dynamics of strategic LPs who dynamically adjust their range of liquidity provision in CL pools. Their wealth results from fee income, the value of their holdings in the pool, and rebalancing costs. Next, we derive a self-financing and closed-form optimal liquidity provision strategy where the width of the LP's liquidity range is determined by the profitability of the pool (provision fees minus gas fees), the predictable losses (PL) of the LP's position, and concentration risk. Concentration risk refers to the decrease in fee revenue if the marginal exchange rate (akin to the midprice in a limit order book) in the pool exits the LP's range of liquidity. When the drift in the marginal rate is stochastic, we show how to optimally skew the range of liquidity to increase fee revenue and profit from the expected changes in the marginal rate. Finally, we use Uniswap v3 data to show that, on average, LPs have traded at a significant loss, and to show that the out-of-sample performance of our strategy is superior to the historical performance of LPs in the pool we consider., Comment: Forthcoming in SIAM Journal on Financial Mathematics

As a generalisation of the correspondence linking 2D integrable systems with 4D Chern-Simons (CS) gauge theory, superspin chains are realized by means of crossing electric and magnetic super line defects in the 4D CS with super gauge symmetry. The oscillator realization of Lax operators solving the RLL relations of integrability is obtained in the gauge theory by extending the notion of Levi decomposition to Lie superalgebras. Based on particular 3-gradings of Lie superalgebras, we obtain graded oscillator Lax matrices for superspin chains with internal symmetries given by $A(m-1\mid n-1)$, $B(m\mid n)$, $C(n)$ and $D(m\mid n)$, Comment: Added Appendix, Revised solution (2.27), Corrected typos

Automated market makers (AMMs) are a new prototype of decentralised exchanges which are revolutionising market interactions. The majority of AMMs are constant product markets (CPMs) where exchange rates are set by a trading function. This work studies optimal trading and statistical arbitrage in CPMs where balancing exchange rate risk and execution costs is key. Empirical evidence shows that execution costs are accurately estimated by the convexity of the trading function. These convexity costs are linear in the trade size and are nonlinear in the depth of liquidity and in the exchange rate. We develop models for when exchange rates form in a competing centralised exchange, in a CPM, or in both venues. Finally, we derive computationally efficient strategies that account for stochastic convexity costs and we showcase their out-of-sample performance., Comment: Paper in [SSRN 4144743]

Quantum teleportation has become a fundamental building block of quantum technologies, playing a vital role in the development of quantum communication networks. Here, we present a bidirectional quantum teleportation (BQT) protocol that enables even and odd coherent states to be transmitted and reconstructed over arbitrary distances in two directions. To this end, we employ the multipartite Glauber coherent state, comprising the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger, ground and Werner states, as a quantum resource linking distant partners Alice and Bob. The pairwise entanglement existing in symmetric and antisymmetric multipartite coherent states is explored, and by controlling the overlap and number of probes constructing various types of quantum channels, the teleportation efficiency of teleported states in both directions may be maximized. Besides, Alice's and Bob's trigger phases are estimated to explore their roles in our protocol using two kinds of quantum statistical speed referred to as quantum Fisher information (QFI) and Hilbert-Schmidt speed (HSS). Specifically, we show that the lower bound of the statistical estimation error, quantified by QFI and HSS, corresponds to the highest fidelity from Alice to Bob and conversely from Bob to Alice, and that the choice of the pre-shared quantum channel has a critical role in achieving high BQT efficiency. Finally, we show how to implement the suggested scheme on current experimental tools, where Alice can transfer her even coherent state to Bob, and at the same time, Bob can transfer his odd coherent state to Alice.

We compute the ground-state properties of fully polarized, trapped, one-dimensional fermionic systems interacting through a gaussian potential. We use an antisymmetric artificial neural network, or neural quantum state, as an ansatz for the wavefunction and use machine learning techniques to variationally minimize the energy of systems from 2 to 6 particles. We provide extensive benchmarks with other many-body methods, including exact diagonalisation and the Hartree-Fock approximation. The neural quantum state provides the best energies across a wide range of interaction strengths. We find very different ground states depending on the sign of the interaction. In the non-perturbative repulsive regime, the system asymptotically reaches crystalline order. In contrast, the strongly attractive regime shows signs of bosonization. The neural quantum state continuously learns these different phases with an almost constant number of parameters and a very modest increase in computational time with the number of particles.

Using results on topological line defects of 4D Chern-Simons theory and the algebra/cycle homology correspondence in complex surfaces $\mathcal{S}$ with ADE singularities, we study the graded properties of the $sl(m|n)$ chain and its embedding in string theory. Because of the $\mathbb{Z}_{2}$-grading of $ sl(m|n)$, we show that the $\left( m+n\right) !/m!n!$ varieties of superspin chains with underlying super geometries have different cycle homologies. We investigate the algebraic and homological features of these integrable quantum chains and give a link between graded 2-cycles and genus-g Rieman surfaces $\Sigma _{g}$. Moreover, using homology language, we yield the brane realisation of the $sl(m|n)$ chain in type IIA string and its uplift to M-theory. Other \textrm{aspects} like graded complex surfaces with $sl(m|n)$ singularity as well as super magnons are also described., Comment: LaTeX, 60 pages, 18 figures

We give Swampland constraints on the three dimensional Landscape of Anti-de Sitter higher spin gravity in the Chern-Simons formulation with connection valued in various split real forms of Lie algebras. We derive the finiteness conjecture by computing the upper bound on the rank of possible gauge groups then we refine it using the AdS distance conjecture. We discuss the implications of this Swampland constraint on the spectrum of higher spin gravity theories and we compare it with the gravitational exclusion principle required from BTZ black hole consideration to excerpt a constraint on the Chern-Simons level k.

We investigate 4D Chern-Simons theory with ADE gauge symmetries in the presence of interacting Wilson and 't Hooft line defects. We analyse the intrinsic properties of these lines' coupling and explicate the building of oscillator-type Lax matrices verifying the RLL integrability equation. We propose gauge quiver diagrams Q$_{G}^{\mu }$ encoding the topological data carried by the Lax operators and give several examples where Darboux coordinates are interpreted in terms of topological bi-fundamental matter. We exploit this graphical description $\left( i\right) $ to give new results regarding solutions in representations beyond the fundamentals of $sl_{N}$, $% so_{2N}$ and $e_{6,7}$, and $\left( ii\right) $ to classify the Lax operators for simply laced symmetries in a unified E$_{7}$ CS theory. For quick access, a summary list of the leading topological quivers Q$% _{ADE}^{\mu }$ is given in the conclusion section [Figures 29.(a-e), 30.(a-d) and 31.(a-d)]., Comment: LaTeX, 74 pages, 32 figures

Topological supermatter is given by ordinary topological matter constrained by supersymmetry or graded supergroups such as OSP(2N|2N). Using results on super oscillators and lattice QFT$_{d}$, we construct a super tight binding model on hypercubic super lattice with supercharge $ \boldsymbol{Q}=\sum_{\mathbf{k}}\hat{F}_{\mathbf{k}}.\boldsymbol{q}_{\mathbf{k}}.\hat{B}_{\mathbf{k}}$. We first show that the algebraic triplet $(\Omega ,G,J)$ of super oscillators can be derived from the $OSp(2N|2N)$ supergroup containing the symplectic $Sp(2N)$ and the orthogonal $SO(2N)$ as even subgroups. Then, we apply the obtained result on super oscillating matter to super bands and investigate its topological obstructions protected by TPC symmetries. We also give a classification of the Bose/Fermi coupling matrix $\boldsymbol{q}_{\mathbf{k}}$ in terms of subgroups of $OSp(2N|2N)$\ and show that there are $2P_{N}$ (partition of $N$) classes $\boldsymbol{q}_{\mathbf{k}}$ given by unitary subgroups of $U\left( 2\right) \times U\left( N\right) $. Other features are also given., Comment: LaTeX, 74 pages, 7 figures

Various panel sessions were organized to highlight the activities of the African Strategy for Fundamental and Applied Physics (ASFAP) Working Groups during the second African Conference of Fundamental and Applied Physics (ACP2021) that was held in March 7-11, 2022. A joint session was devoted to highlight the activities assigned to the Light Sources, Accelerators, Biophysics, Earth Sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Condensed Matter and Materials Physics Working Groups. Major outcomes and recommendations are demonstrated and deliberated in this contribution., Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures, conference contribution