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IntroductionDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is a microvascular complication of diabetes in which neurodegeneration has been recently identified as a driving force. In the last years, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and neurotrophins like Nerve Growth Factor (NGF), have garnered significant attention as innovative therapeutic approaches targeting DR-associated neurodegeneration. However, delivering neurotrophic factors directly in the eye remains a challenge. Hence, this study evaluated the effects of MSCs from human amniotic fluids (hAFSCs) and recombinant human NGF (rhNGF) delivered by human corneal lenticule (hCL) on a high glucose (HG) induced ex vivo model simulating the molecular mechanisms driving DR.MethodsPorcine neuroretinal explants exposed to HG (25 mM for four days) were used to mimic DR ex vivo. hCLs collected from donors undergoing refractive surgery were decellularized using 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate and then bioengineered with hAFSCs, microparticles loaded with rhNGF (rhNGF-PLGA-MPs), or both simultaneously. Immunofluorescence (IF) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses were performed to confirm the hCLs bioengineering process. To assess the effects of hAFSCs and rhNGF, bioengineered hCLs were co-cultured with HG-treated neuroretinal explants and following four days RT-PCR and cytokine array experiments for inflammatory, oxidative, apoptotic, angiogenic and retinal cells markers were performed.ResultsData revealed that HG-treated neuroretinal explants exhibit a characteristic DR-phenotype, including increased level of NF-kB, NOS2, NRF2 GFAP, VEGFA, Bax/Bcl2 ratio and decreased expression of TUBB3 and Rho. Then, the feasibility to bioengineer decellularized hCLs with hAFSCs and rhNGF was demonstrated. Interestingly, co-culturing hAFSCs- and rhNGF- bioengineered hCLs with HG-treated neuroretinal explants for four days significantly reduced the expression of inflammatory, oxidative, apoptotic, angiogenic and increased retinal markers.ConclusionOverall, we found for the first time that hAFSCs and rhNGF were able to modulate the molecular mechanisms involved in DR and that bioengineered hCLs represents a promising ocular drug delivery system of hAFSCs and rhNGF for eye diseases treatment. In addition, results demonstrated that porcine neuroretinal explants treated with HG is a useful model to reproduce ex vivo the DR pathophysiology.

This study utilizes data from the help desk log of an Italian company to create a model of the company’s business processes. The primary objectives are to show the benefit of the implementation of process mining to identify bottleneck activites within the process and analyze the workload distribution among resources. The research reveals that the most common bottlenecks occur during the transition from ‘resolve tickets’ to ‘closed’ accounting for 99% of cases, and another activity from ‘assign seriousness’ towards ‘take in charge ticket’ experiences bottlenecks in 91% of cases. Furthermore, a decrease in the number of cases was discovered after October 2012. Prior to this period, the average number of cases per resource was high, leading to a high average number of active resources per day and average number of events per day. However, after October 2012, the average number of cases per resource decreased by approximately 74.6% to 47 cases per resource. The average number of active resources also decreased by 25% to 3 active resources per day. Additionally, the average number of events per resource decreased by 40% to 3 events per resource per day. Regarding the resource workload, the analysis reveals that ‘value 2’ has the highest workload, having worked on 4,235 events. This is followed by ‘value 5’ with 3,748 events, ‘value 1’ with 3,028 events, ‘value 9’ with 2,073 events, and ‘value 13’ with 1,420 events.

Fact-checking practices are one of the initiatives to combat the spread of hoaxes. An organization called MAFINDO is one of Indonesia's pioneers of fact-checking initiatives. Using content analysis, this research was conducted to examine fact-checked articles published by MAFINDO. We classified the results based on themes, platform, and type of content from July 2015 to July 2020, during the first five years where MAFINDO has been operating. Our study found that, the number of hoaxes being checked increased every year during the period of analysis. Secondly, political themes dominate the entire fact-checking articles verified by MAFINDO. Furthermore, the majority of hoaxes circulated and verified by MAFINDO were predominantly found on Facebook. Finally, hoax mostly found in the form of non-video images and text. This study can be seen as part of the illustrations of the spread of hoaxes in Indonesia and used as a basis for various hoax prevention movements

This study aims to determine the validity, practicality, and effectiveness of developing BATAR learning media with the RME approach to help improve mathematical understanding skills. This study uses the ADDIE development model. The subjects of this study were students in grades 8F and 8E at Junior High School 2 Magelang. The results showed that BATAR learning media were in the very valid category with a proportion of 95% of the validity of the material and 87.27% of the validity of the media, the media were in the very practical category with a proportion of 91.27%. Then, the media fulfills the effective aspect with an N-Gain value of 0.71. This can be interpreted that the development of BATAR learning media with the RME approach is stated to be valid, practical and effective

Natamycin is a tetraene polyene that exploits its antifungal properties by irreversibly binding components of fungal cell walls, blocking the growth of infections. However, topical ocular treatments with natamycin require frequent application due to the low ability of this molecule to permeate the ocular membrane. This limitation has limited the use of natamycin as an antimycotic drug, despite it being one of the most powerful known antimycotic agents. In this work, different lipidic nanoformulations consisting of transethosomes or lipid nanoparticles containing natamycin are proposed as carriers for optical topical administration. Size, stability and zeta potential were characterized via dynamic light scattering, the supramolecular structure was investigated via small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering and 1H-NMR, and the encapsulation efficiencies of the four proposed formulations were determined via HPLC-DAD.

Background and Purpose: Cisplatin‐induced sensorineural hearing loss is a significant clinical challenge. Although the potential effects of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) have previously been investigated in some ototoxicity models, its efficacy in cisplatin‐induced hearing loss remains uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of recombinant human BDNF (rhBDNF) in protecting cells against cisplatin‐induced ototoxicity. Experimental Approach: Using an in vivo model of cisplatin‐induced hearing loss, we investigated the beneficial effects of transtympanic administration of rhBDNF in a thermogel solution on hearing function and cochlear injury, using electrophysiological, morphological, immunofluorescence and molecular analyses. Key Results: Our data showed that local rhBDNF treatment counteracted hearing loss in rats receiving cisplatin by preserving synaptic connections in the cochlear epithelium and protecting hair cells (HCs) and spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) against cisplatin‐induced cell death. Specifically, rhBDNF maintains the balance of its receptor levels (pTrkB and p75), boosting TrkB‐CREB pro‐survival signalling and reducing caspase 3‐dependent apoptosis in the cochlea. Additionally, it activates antioxidant mechanisms while inhibiting inflammation and promoting vascular repair. Conclusion and Implications: Collectively, we demonstrated that early transtympanic treatment with rhBDNF plays a multifaceted protective role against cisplatin‐induced ototoxicity, thus holding promise as a novel potential approach to preserve hearing in adult and paediatric patients undergoing cisplatin‐based chemotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines how online media in Indonesia frames the occurrence of floods in Indonesia during the four most significant days of flooding in 2020–2021. Using a quantitative framing approach with holistic techniques, we analyzed 589 news articles from 16 online media outlets in Indonesia. Additionally, we conducted semi-structured interviews with nine journalists from national and local agencies to supplement our findings. Our analysis reveals that online media in Indonesia tends to downplay the role of human activity as a cause of floods while emphasizing the role of nature. We also show that online media commonly employs episodic frames, potentially leading the public to view floods as isolated natural events without any broader context or consideration of human factors. The frame of attribution responsibility was the most frequently employed frame in media coverage, even though it only provided a partial and not comprehensive explanation of the floods. In contrast to many previous studies that demonstrate how the media can extend discussions related to flooding even to policymaking, our interviews shed light that flood news frames are strongly influenced by politics and political economy dimensions: media oligarchy, media centralism, market-oriented mechanism, and the dominance of narratives from official authorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on academic publications about hate speech within Indonesia's scholarly context. The authors analyse the ongoing discourse on hate speech by conducting a meta-analysis method on 'Garuda', an official website designed as a repository of scholarly publications in Indonesia. By examined 143 scientific articles, this study found that most studies refer to the definition of hate speech from the Circular No. SE/06/X2015 on hate speech issued by the Indonesian National Police. This shows how most Indonesian academics were comfortable with a limited perspective on hate speech. Furthermore, the variety of studies on hate speech comes from law or legal studies and communication or da 'wah communication. Most Indonesian academics also conducted studies on hate speech with a juridical normative approach, as well as qualitative research. Furthermore, some studies have been done with unclear methods and approaches. Academics ideally should serve the people by being critics of power and government apparatus, for example by continuing to question how hate speech is studied, including in the context of its definition and how it affects the implementation in Indonesia. Hence, the authors urge Indonesian academics to do more studies on hate speech from various backgrounds with more rigorous and various research methods to be able to expand knowledge about hate speech cases in Indonesia. Keywords: communication, defamation, discourse analysis, freedom of expression, freedom of speech, hate speech, hate speech policy, Indonesia, internet, meta-analysis, social media, Introduction INTENSE international debates have been occurring about hate speech around the world (Heinze, 2016). The scope of discussion spans from its relation to freedom of expression and freedom of [...]

Introduction: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a microvascular complication of diabetes in which neurodegeneration has been recently identified as a driving force. In the last years, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and neurotrophins like Nerve Growth Factor (NGF), have garnered significant attention as innovative therapeutic approaches targeting DR-associated neurodegeneration. However, delivering neurotrophic factors directly in the eye remains a challenge. Hence, this study evaluated the effects of MSCs from human amniotic fluids (hAFSCs) and recombinant human NGF (rhNGF) delivered by human corneal lenticule (hCL) on a high glucose (HG) induced ex vivo model simulating the molecular mechanisms driving DR. Methods: Porcine neuroretinal explants exposed to HG (25 mM for four days) were used to mimic DR ex vivo. hCLs collected from donors undergoing refractive surgery were decellularized using 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate and then bioengineered with hAFSCs, microparticles loaded with rhNGF (rhNGF-PLGA-MPs), or both simultaneously. Immunofluorescence (IF) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses were performed to confirm the hCLs bioengineering process. To assess the effects of hAFSCs and rhNGF, bioengineered hCLs were co-cultured with HG-treated neuroretinal explants and following four days RT-PCR and cytokine array experiments for inflammatory, oxidative, apoptotic, angiogenic and retinal cells markers were performed. Results: Data revealed that HG-treated neuroretinal expiants exhibit a characteristic DR-phenotype, including increased level of NF-kB, NOS2, NRF2 GFAP, VEGFA, Bax/Bcl2 ratio and decreased expression of TUBB3 and Rho. Then, the feasibility to bioengineer decellularized hCLs with hAFSCs and rhNGF was demonstrated. Interestingly, co-culturing hAFSCs- and rhNGF- bioengineered hCLs with HG-treated neuroretinal explants for four days significantly reduced the expression of inflammatory, oxidative, apoptotic, angiogenic and increased retinal markers. Conclusion: Overall, we found for the first time that hAFSCs and rhNGF were able to modulate the molecular mechanisms involved in DR and that bioengineered hCLs represents a promising ocular drug delivery system of hAFSCs and rhNGF for eye diseases treatment. In addition, results demonstrated that porcine neuroretinal explants treated with HG is a useful model to reproduce ex vivo the DR pathophysiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The trial served by two Indonesian activists, Haris Azhar and Fatia Maulidiyanti, about allegations of defamation against the Indonesian Coordinating Minister for Maritime Affairs and Investment (Menkomarves), Luhut Binsar Panjaitan, on mining issues, serves as a wake-up call for civil society to re-examine the state of democracy in Indonesia. The criminalization of activists and the representation of civil society organizations are the most explicit symptoms of shrinking civic space, which will worsen advocacy on environmental issues. At the same time, mainstream media in Indonesia tends to be ineffective in serving as watchdogs. This research aims to demonstrate how Indonesian media covers the phenomenon of shrinking civic space that occurred in Indonesia from 2020 to 2021, particularly in environmental issues. The study examined news articles from 34 media outlets to categorize the symptoms of shrinking civic space. Recognizing the potential for significant underreporting in the coverage of shrinking civic space in environmental issues, this research also be supplemented with in-depth interviews with five senior environmental journalists. This study shows how media patterns frame the coverage of shrinking civic space and how media has become one of the loci of the shrinking civic space phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE), is a surgical procedure for the myopia correction, during which a corneal stromal lenticule is extracted. Given that we have previously demonstrated how this discarded tissue could be repurposed as a bio-scaffold for stromal engineering, this study aimed to explore its use as an ocular drug delivery system of active molecules, using neurotrophic factor Nerve Growth Factor (NGF). We employed human stromal lenticules directly collected from healthy donors undergoing SMILE. Following a sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) treatment, decellularized lenticules were incubated with a suspension of polylactic-co-glycolic-acid (PLGA) microparticles (MPs) loaded with recombinant human NGF (rhNGF-MPs). Fluorescent MPs (Fluo-MPs) were used as control. Data demonstrated the feasibility to engineer decellularized lenticules with PLGA-MPs which remain incorporated both on the lenticules surface and in its stromal. Following their production, the in vitro release kinetic showed a sustained release for up to 1 month of rhNGF from MPs loaded to the lenticule. Interestingly, rhNGF was rapidly released in the first 24 h, but it was sustained up to the end of the experiment (1 month), with preservation of rhNGF activity (around 80%). Our results indicated that decellularized human stromal lenticules could represent a biocompatible, non-immunogenic natural scaffold potential useful for ocular drug delivery. Therefore, combining the advantages of tissue engineering and pharmaceutical approaches, this in vitro proof-of-concept study suggests the feasibility to use this scaffold to allow target release of rhNGF in vivo or other pharmaceutically active molecules that have potential to treat ocular diseases.

Ide tentang media lokal tercantum dalam Undang-undang Penyiaran nomor 32 tahun 2002 untuk mendukung terwujudnya demokrasi, desentralisasi politik dan menghidupkan industri media yang berskala lokal. Selain itu media lokal juga diharapkan dapat menjadi media sumber informasi yang relevan bagi warga lokal sehingga tercipta pemberdayaan masyarakat lokal. Meskipun demikian, berbagai tantangan dan hambatan dari segi bisnis maupun dari segi kebijakan terus muncul sehingga keberlangsungan media lokal menjadi terhambat. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat yang dilakukan kepada jurnalis dan pengelola media lokal Jawa Barat ini dimaksudkan untuk menyebarkan hasil penelitian dari tim Fakultas Ilmu Komunikasi, Universitas Padjadjaran tentang kebijakan media dan keberlangsungan media lokal di Indonesia. Selain melakukan diseminasi hasil penelitian, tim Universitas Padjadjaran juga melakukan Focus Group Discussion (FGD) perihal berbagai permasalahan yang melingkupi industri media lokal, dan juga untuk mengelaborasi kemungkinan kegiatan kolaboratif antara pihak akademisi dan praktisi media lokal terkait dengan advokasi media lokal dan untuk menjaga keberlangsungan dari Industri media lokal di Jawa Barat. Ke depannya diharapkan dapat terjalin kolaborasi riset dan berbagai kegiatan kerjasama lain yang lebih konsisten dan bersifat jangka panjang.

This study aims to analyses the news on "Aksi Damai" or "Peaceful Protest" occurred on December 2, 2016, in Jakarta related to the incumbent Jakarta Governor, Basuki Tjahaja Purnama or Ahok, over a blasphemy case. The "212 Peaceful Protest" is a protest conducted by several hardliner Muslim groups against Ahok, a Chinese Christian. Ahok was accused of a blasphemy-related to his statements about politicians who exploit a verse from the Holy Qur'an, to win the elections. The study uses a concept of mediatizations with quantitative and qualitative methods to collect data through content analysis, observation, and interviews. The research subject is two online media in Indonesia, Republika.co.id and Metrotvnews.com. The news from Republika.co.id and Metrotvnews.com are being collected from November 28 to December 4, 2016. In Indonesia, Republika.co.id is considered as a media that is oriented toward Muslim agenda, while Metrotvnews.com is oriented toward nationalism agenda. The results show that both Republika.co.id and Metrotvnews.com build a media logic or mediatizations related to Ahok's blasphemy cases. Republika.co.id emphasizes a narrative on divinity and piety logic, while Metrotvnews.com builds a narrative on the importance of national unity and legal political logic. The substance this study can be concluded that efforts to disseminate the values of tolerance and appreciate the noble values of humanity in a multicultural society must be carried on.

Natamycin is a tetraene polyene that exploits its antifungal properties by irreversibly binding components of fungal cell walls, blocking the growth of infections. However, topical ocular treatments with natamycin require frequent application due to the low ability of this molecule to permeate the ocular membrane. This limitation has limited the use of natamycin as an antimycotic drug, despite it being one of the most powerful known antimycotic agents. In this work, different lipidic nanoformulations consisting of transethosomes or lipid nanoparticles containing natamycin are proposed as carriers for optical topical administration. Size, stability and zeta potential were characterized via dynamic light scattering, the supramolecular structure was investigated via small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering and 1H-NMR, and the encapsulation efficiencies of the four proposed formulations were determined via HPLC-DAD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the impact of utilizing colorful and monochrome food photography in advertisements on consumer intentions to purchase food and beverages. It discusses how visual cues influence consumer behavior and purchase decisions, highlighting the significance of aesthetic presentation in food marketing and its implications for businesses.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran dinamika resiliensi remaja dengan keluarga broken home. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus, responden utama dalam penelitian ini sebanyak dua orang dengan karateristik sebagai berikut : orang tua kandung bercerai serta ayah menikah lagi sebanyak 3 kali dan pertengkaran orang tua yang terus-menerus sehingga memberikan dampak yang negatif pada remaja. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa responden memperlihatkan dinamika resiliensi cenderung sama, yaitu terbentuknya kemampuan resiliensi berdasarkan proses belajar individu dari permasalahan yang dihadapi, kemampuan individu untuk melakukan evaluasi setiap tindakan yang dilakukan dan segi spritual yaitu mendekatkan diri kepada Tuhan sehingga menjadikan nilai-nilai agama sebagai pedoman kehidupan. Sementara itu subyek yang memiliki kemampuan optimis dan efikasi diri yang belum baik, hal ini disebabkan proses belajar individu untuk menghadapi permasalahan yang masih berkembang, ketakutan individu mengenai pengalamannya tentang keluarga broken home menyebabkan kesulitan individu untuk memiliki kemampuan optimisme dan efikasi dengan baik, hal ini menyebabkan remaja cenderung ragu-ragu dengan kemampuan dirinya, berpikir bahwa permasalahan yang dihadapinya akan terjadi hingga di masa depan.

Cover novel memiliki peran penting dalam menarik perhatian calon pembaca, oleh Karena itu ilustrasi pada novel dibuat semenarik mungkin karena pembaca cenderung beranggapan bahwa cover novel memiliki pesan yang mewakili isi novel, sehingga semakin menarik ilustrasi pada cover novel maka semakin menarik pula lah isi novel tersebut. Novel trilogi karya Vira Safitri, merupakan novel remaja dewasa yang masuk ke dalam genre amore, atau terdapat unsur percintaan. Ketiga novel tersebut memiliki kekhasan dalam ilustrasi covernya yang dapat dikatakan cukup berhasil mewakili isi novelnya tersebut. Berdasarkan pemikiran tersebut, maka tulisan ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui lebih lanjut mengenai simbol, makna simbol, serta bagaimana simbol dalam ilustrasi cover novel karya Vira Safitri mampu membangun kesan yang terbentuk di benak pembaca novelnya. Metode yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah semiotik dari Charles S. Peirce, dengan unit yang dianalisis berupa obyek gambar dan warna. Adapun hasil yang diperoleh antara lain: simbol yang dianggap memiliki makna yang disengaja adalah obyek gambar bunga, gambar alat/property, dan warna. Adapun makna yang diwakili oleh gambar bunga yaitu perwakilan negara yang menjadi lokasi utama dalam novel, sedangkan gambar alat/properti mewakili makna profesi salah satu tokoh utama, dan warna pastel yang dipilih mewakili aroma percintaan yang lembut namun elegan. Dengan demikian maka dapat dikatakan bahwa ilustrasi pada cover novel trilogy karya Vira Safitri ini telah mampu menggambarkan profesi sang tokoh, lokasi tempat berlangsungnya kisah, serta telah mampu untuk mendukung kesan elegan, romantic, dan happy ending yang menjadi ciri khas novel kisah cinta.

Several strategies to synthesize desired 1,2,4‐triazolo[1,5‐a]pyridine‐2‐carboxylate targets have been reported over the years. The most convenient way features the preparation of the precursor triazolopyridine‐N‐oxide through a condensation step between sulfilimines and a nitrile oxide species, followed by a deoxygenation step. This paper presents a detailed work on the synthesis of [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5‐a]pyridine‐2‐carboxylate‐N‐oxide, featuring a synergistic experimental‐theoretical approach. Herein, we report the development of an efficient and straightforward method to prepare ethyl [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5‐a]pyridine‐2‐carboxylate 3‐oxide in continuous flow. The transfer from batch to flow processing resulted in a significant boost in isolated yield (53 % vs. 31 %) and a decrease in the simultaneous presence of starting materials and product in the reaction media from 4 hours to 3.5 minutes. An in‐depth mechanistic study of the reaction using density functional theory provided a deeper understanding of the whole reaction manifold and key indications on how to further improve the process in flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]