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The biology material on the excretory system has a high level of learning difficulty, including the complexity of the material and the high level of abstraction, which can affect students' learning process and outcomes. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the internal and external sources causing learning difficulties by conducting research that aims to interpret: 1) the level of students' learning difficulties based on the cognitive level of the excretory system material, 2) the factors causing students' learning difficulties based on the cognitive level of the excretory system material. This research is a qualitative study using an ex post facto method conducted at SMA Negeri 2 Konawe Selatan. The subjects of this research are 56 Grade XI students who experience learning difficulties, and the biology teacher. The data collection techniques used are: 1) tests, which were analyzed descriptively statistically; 2) interviews, which were analyzed through four stages: collection, reduction, display, and conclusion, followed by testing the validity of the data through triangulation. The results of this research show that: 1) Students' learning difficulties viewed from the cognitive levels of each learning indicator on the excretory system material are generally categorized as slightly difficult with a percentage of 58.93%; 2) The factors causing students' learning difficulties are students' interest in learning, students' habits during the learning process, evaluation techniques, as well as family, school, and community environmental aspects.

Integrating local culture in physics lessons may encourage the development of creative thinking and problem-solving skills. This research aims at examining the effectiveness of the implementation of the creative physics problem solving model based on the local culture of Yaaqowiyu (Cripics-Qu) to improve student's creative thinking and problem-solving skills. This research employed a quasi experimental non-equivalent control group design. The experimental class was given treatment using the Cripics-Qu model, while the control class utilized the conventional learning model. The research samples were 120 students of grade X. The sampling technique employed was a cluster sampling technique. The data were collected using tests instrument. The instrument validity was determined based on the Aiken index while instrument reliability was measured based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The data were analyzed by using manova and quantitative descriptive. The results of this research indicate that there is a significant difference on the average value of the creative thinking and problem-solving skills between the experimental class and the control class (sig = 0.00 ? [alpha]). The conclusion of this research shows that the use of the Cripics-Qu model in physics learning is very effective in improving students' creative thinking and problem-solving skills.

This study addresses the overlooked aspect of evaluating pre-service teachers' preparedness for technology-based instruction. Focusing on EFL pre-service teachers at a remote university, it explores their readiness to integrate Information and Communication Technology (ICT) into teaching while navigating associated challenges. Employing a mixed-method design, data were collected through a Likert scale questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. Participants included pre-service EFL teachers enrolled in an English education program at a university in East Nusa Tenggara. The findings highlight the region's pre-service teachers' readiness to incorporate technology, despite encountering barriers such as inadequate knowledge, perception, confidence, financial constraints, limited student access, and inadequate facilities. Consequently, universities must consistently provide assistance, instruction, and essential resources, ensuring prospective educators acquire the necessary skills to integrate technology into future pedagogical inquiries seamlessly.

Research on the roles of textbooks in EFL teaching contexts has been widely reported. However, studies on textbook adaptation strategies in a technology-integrated classroom have not received much attention. To fill the gap, the current research sought to explore the types of textbook adaptation strategies employed by an Indonesian EFL teacher in a technology-integrated teaching environment. The challenges encountered and the coping strategies used by the teacher were also investigated. Through a qualitative case study design, an English teacher of an Islamic junior high school in Medan was purposively recruited as the participant. An interview and document analysis were employed to collect the data. The interview data were analyzed using a thematic analysis while the documents were through skimming, reading, and interpretation. The findings revealed that the teacher employed several adaptive strategies, such as omission, addition, and modification on the assignments, the language skills, student activities, and approaches (conventional to the technologybased classroom) through the use of websites, a projector, and digital tools. It was also found that adapting the textbook was challenged by the varied students' levels of proficiency and learning styles, as well as the students' expectations of the teacher. As the coping strategies, the teacher optimized her skills of technology literacy to design creative and engaging learning materials and included tasks that met the levels of students from low and high-achieving groups. The findings of this study imply the crucial roles of all education stakeholders in providing support for teachers to use textbooks effectively.

Fungal fermentation of food and agricultural by-products holds promise for improving food sustainability and security. However, the molecular basis of fungal waste-to-food upcycling remains poorly understood. Here we use a multi-omics approach to characterize oncom, a fermented food traditionally produced from soymilk by-products in Java, Indonesia. Metagenomic sequencing of samples from small-scale producers in Western Java indicated that the fungus Neurospora intermedia dominates oncom. Further transcriptomic, metabolomic and phylogenomic analysis revealed that oncom-derived N. intermedia utilizes pectin and cellulose degradation during fermentation and belongs to a genetically distinct subpopulation associated with human-generated by-products. Finally, we found that N. intermedia grew on diverse by-products such as fruit and vegetable pomace and plant-based milk waste, did not encode mycotoxins, and could create foods that were positively perceived by consumers outside Indonesia. These results showcase the traditional significance and future potential of fungal fermentation for creating delicious and nutritious foods from readily available by-products.

Through the Lecturer and Teacher Partnership Program, this study attempts to determine the effect of collegiality in raising the standard of instruction at SMP Cokroaminoto Palopo. This descriptive and observation to data. The findings showed that the plan, do, and see phases of lesson study implementation were divided into four cycles. From the stage of creating learning to the level of implementation in the classroom, these three stages are interconnected. The study's version of collegiality also involves instructors and lecturers planning lessons in accordance with the challenges and educational needs faced by Cokroaminoto Palopo Middle School. Observations' findings indicate that the learning designs created by lecturers and teachers have a favorable effect on the standard of learning in the classroom.

Background: Blood transfusion refers to the therapeutic use of blood products, and while often lifesaving, it carries a variety of potential complications. Ensuring access to safe and sufficient blood is a critical component of healthcare, leading to the development of hemovigilance. Hemovigilance is essential for improving patient safety by learning from errors and implementing system-wide changes to prevent their recurrence. A comprehensive assessment of adverse events is the primary goal of hemovigilance. Aim: To assess the frequency and types of acute transfusion reactions (ATRs). Objectives: (1) To examine the types of ATRs related to the specific blood components transfused. (2) To analyze ATRs based on different clinical parameters. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted over 3 years, evaluating all transfusion reactions reported to the Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion at Mahatma Gandhi Mission College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai. Reactions were assessed according to the institution’s established protocol. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20, with significance at P < 0.05. Results: During the study period, 22,188 blood component units were issued, of which 38 (0.174%) resulted in an ATR. Febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reactions (FNHTR) accounted for 31 cases (81.58%), allergic transfusion reactions for six cases (15.79%), and one case (2.63%) involved an immunologic hemolytic transfusion reaction caused by alloantibodies. Among the reported ATRs, 37 (97.36%) were associated with packed red cells (PRC), while 1 (2.64%) occurred with fresh frozen plasma (FFP). Conclusion: FNHTR was the most common ATR, followed by allergic reactions. These findings highlight the importance of continuous monitoring and strict adherence to standard protocols in blood transfusion practices to enhance patient safety.

Information plays a vital role in stock trading in the capital market, especially for investors who plan to engage in investment activities in the capital market. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of return on equity (ROE), earning per share (EPS), and price to book value (PBV) on stock prices. The study population was 30 companies listed on the Jakarta Islamic Index on the IDX. A purposive sampling technique obtained 7 samples with 34 observation data. The data analysis technique used multiple linear regressions. The study results showed that ROE and EPS did not affect stock prices, but PBV positively affected stock prices. This study can increase knowledge and complement existing theories, especially regarding PBV and stock prices, and can be a reference for further research. This study can be a reference for investors and potential investors who are investing their capital in the company so as not to experience losses and for company managers to make decisions to maintain stock price stability.

Global warming is a problem that has received attention from various countries because it can cause climate change accompanied by extreme natural disasters and threats to human health and survival on Earth. The problems of global warming will continue if not critically considered by the next generation. This study aimed to explore the level of critical thinking skills of high school students in Samarinda City and whether there are significant differences between the essential skills of thinking of public and private high school students and between male and female students. This research was an exploratory study using the survey method. The population in this study was all grade X high school students in Samarinda City, and a sample of 5 schools with details of 3 public and two private high schools totaled 274 students. The results showed that students' critical thinking skills were in the less crucial category, with the highest score on the likelihood and uncertainty analysis indicator of 63.89 and the lowest score on the problem-solving and decision-making indicator of 40.21. Public high school students demonstrated significantly higher critical thinking skills than their private school peers, while no significant difference was found between male and female students. The results of this study can be used as a reference for stakeholders to find out which indicators of critical thinking skills still need to be developed and take practical actions for the development of climate change education, especially in Samarinda. These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to improve critical thinking skills in climate change education among high school students, particularly in Samarinda.

The performance of XYZ, a Government Higher Educational Institution (GHEI) in Indonesia is assessed through two unintegrated applications. The 2023 target performance was missed due to miscalculations outside applications while transforming large data amounts. Thus, business intelligence (BI) serves as a knowledge management (KM) tool to integrate those applications to achieve XYZ's target. Because BI is costly and has a 70% failure rate of development plans, a research model was evaluated to look at the current XYZ innovation capability for successful BI adoption from the KM foundation and KM solution implementation. This study used a quantitative method, employing a questionnaire for 94 civil servants and the partial least squares-structural equation model (PLS-SEM) for data analysis. Results indicate in the KM foundation, organizational (O) negatively influences KM process application (KMP) (β = -0.292, Pv = 0.010) while KM infrastructure (I) and process (P) positively influence KMP, but KM technology (T) does not. In KM solutions, KMP is proven to be linked to innovation capability when KM systems are lacking. Hence, several activities are suggested to activate T through T, O, P, and I. The model validated 80% of the hypotheses, laying the groundwork for future studies into which aspects of T strengthen innovation capabilities in GHEI.

Kista dentigerous merupakan kista odontogenik yang dihubungkan dengan mahkota gigi yang impaksi, Itidak erupsi atau yang sedang tumbuh. Kasusnya sekitar 14%-24% dari seluruh kista rahang. Biasanya terjadi pada usia dekade pertama dan ketiga serta dapat ditemukan pada anak-anak dan remaja periode pertumbuhan gigi campuran.Kebanyakan kista dentigerous berhubungan dengan gigi molar ketiga mandibula dan jarang melibatkan impaksi gigi supernumerary anterior rahang atas. Laporan kasus ini membahas kista dentigerous pada anak anak usia 8 th atau periode gigi bercampur akibat belum erupsi sempurna pada anterior rahang atas menggunakan CT Scan dan panoramik. Pasien perempuan berusia 8 tahun bersama orang tuanya datang ke Poli Gigi Anak Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Kota Tangerang, dengan keluhan gigi depan kiri rahang atasnya hilang dan terasa ada benjolan di regio gigi incisivus sampai premolar kiri rahang atas. Kemudian pasien dirujuk ke bagian radiologi untuk dilakukan pemeriksaan panoramik dan CT Scan. Hasil radiograf panoramik dan CT Scan menunjukkan lesi kistik, well-defined, well corticated, benih gigi 22 terdesak ke arah posterior dan superior, sementara lesi meluas dan mendesak benih gigi 23, 24, 25 yang belum erupsi. Diagnosis secara radiografi memberikan gambaran suatu kista dentigerous. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa melalui pemeriksaan radiografi panoramik dan CT Scan dapat digunakan untuk mendeteksi gambaran kista dentigerous.

The business licensing process in Indonesia often faces several challenges, including lack of information, unstable system, complicated procedure, and slow response to complain. These issues can hinder economic growth and limit access for businesses. This research aims to design a knowledge-based chatbot to elevate business licensing services in Indonesia. The proposed chatbot will utilize natural language processing (NLP) technology and a structured knowledge base to provide accurate information, assist in form filling, and offer step-by-step guidance to users. This research employes a User-Centered Design (UCD) approach to ensure that the developed chatbot meets the needs and preferences of its users. The research stages involve user requirements analysis, UML design, system design, and iterations based on feedback obtained. Data will be collected through questionnaires, interviews, and literature studies. Leveraging the proposed architecture, we demonstrate how the resulting knowledge-based chatbot is expected to enhance business licensing services. The findings identified 8 key features expected in the chatbot, including real-time information access, problem reporting, business licensing guidance, a tracking system, personalized simulation, a feedback mechanism, multilingual support, and the ability to connect with a contact center agent. By implementing these features, the proposed chatbot is anticipated to significantly reduce processing times, streamline user interactions, and enhance user satisfaction by providing real-time assistance and reducing errors in form submissions. This will contribute to a more efficient licensing process, fostering economic growth and improving the business environment in Indonesia.

Bovine trichomoniasis is a reproductive illness that affects cattle causing pyometra, early to mid-pregnancy miscarriages, and lower birth rates. Tritrichomonas foetus is a flagellated protozoan which first discovered in France in 1888, and compsosts three phases during its lifecycle including trophozoite, cyst, and pseudocyst. In addition, several factors contributed to prevalence of trichomoniasis and fall into three categories are management, cow, and bull-related factors. The fundamental causes of bovine trichomoniasis-related embryonic or fetal death have not been precisely determined. Immunity to T. foetus has been subjected to very little contemporary research, but a thorough assessment of earlier work has been conducted. Clinical symptoms in cattle ranged from moderate endometritis or vaginitis to acute inflammation of entire reproductive system. In cows, pregnancy-related infections result in metritis, pyometra, early embryonic demise, and abortion; whereas in bulls, it suspected that bovine trichomoniasis should have their preputial cavity sampled and then sent to a lab for positive organism identification. To date, sexual contact is the known method of transmission of T. foetus. There haven't been any significant attempts to create a treatment plan for cows because infection is of self-limitation. The distinct epidemiological features of bovine trichomoniasis determine the best prevention and control measures. [Open Vet J 2024; 14(11.000): 2722-2730]

Background and Objectives: The removal of blood from the body is known as phlebotomy, venesection, or bloodletting. Therapeutic phlebotomy is the preferred treatment for blood disorders where removing red blood cells or serum iron is the most effective way to manage symptoms and complications. In current medical practice, therapeutic phlebotomy is a clinically-supervised intervention for diseases such as polycythemia vera, hemochromatosis, porphyria cutanea tarda, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and sickle cell crisis. The aim of this study was to analyze the indications for therapeutic phlebotomy and its effects on hematocrit and hemoglobin. Methods: A retrospective study spanning 5 years was conducted in the department of immunohematology and blood transfusion, collecting patient clinical details, including name, age, gender, symptoms, and diagnosis. Results: A progressive decline in hemoglobin and hematocrit levels was noted in patients undergoing different numbers of therapeutic phlebotomy sessions. Hematocrit reduction was significantly greater in patients with four or more sessions (P < 0.001), while hemoglobin levels decreased more significantly after three sessions (P < 0.001). In conclusion, it required more phlebotomy cycles to reduce hematocrit compared to hemoglobin. Conclusion: Therapeutic phlebotomy is an essential part of the treatment of various diseases, especially those associated with secondary polycythemia. It is safe and cost-effective that should also be considered for use as adjunctive therapy.

The purpose of this study is to examine and describe the concepts and principles of differentiated instruction models and examples of their implementation in Arabic language learning. This is an effort to determine practical procedural steps that can be taken and followed by Arabic language teachers to benefit from differentiated instruction. Through differentiated instruction, it is expected that the role of the teacher is not just to exhaust the material, but to optimize the learning process of each student; differentiation becomes a prerequisite for the learning process, not just an additional element that is “nice to have”. To achieve this goal, this research uses a literature study approach with an inductive descriptive method design to present views and theories about differentiated instruction and how it is applied in Arabic language learning. With this approach, this research seeks to explore theories and opinions regarding differentiated instruction models, analyze them, and utilize them to be used as procedural steps in Arabic language learning. The results of this research indicate that the differentiated instruction model can be a learning solution that can be implemented to answer the needs of diverse students. Differentiated instruction is learning that begins with a diagnostic assessment to map the characteristics of students so that teachers are able to design learning well according to students' needs. Differentiated instruction can be applied through content, process and product aspects. It is hoped that the results of this research can provide benefits for teachers and provides insight into the application of differentiated instruction in Arabic language learning. Keywords: Differentiated learning model, Arabic learning, Merdeka belajar

Background: Contact dermatitis is a skin condition resulting from exposure to external substances that provoke allergic or irritant reactions. Individuals aged 60 and older are particularly susceptible to this condition due to the physiological changes in their skin accompanying aging. Purpose: To analyze the role of education regarding contact dermatitis in the elderly. Methods: The sampling technique used in this study is a total sampling technique using the pre-experimental one-group method, and presented the results in an analytical descriptive format. Result: The study demonstrated a significant impact of the educational intervention on contact dermatitis regarding the knowledge levels of the research subjects. Analysis using the Wilcoxon test revealed a significance value of 0.001 (p < 0.05). This finding indicates that the educational intervention resulted in a notable improvement in knowledge from before to after it. Conclusion: There is a significant impact of the educational intervention on the knowledge levels of the elderly, as observed before and after the intervention.

Background: Xerosis cutis occurs more frequently in elderly. This disease is associated with reduced quality of life. This study aimed to determine the impact of xerosis cutis severity on elderly patients' quality of life. Methods: The goal of this cross-sectional observational analytical study was to analyze the impact of xerosis cutis severity on the quality of life of elderly patients. The study was conducted at the outpatient unit clinic of Dermatovenereology Department, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. This study included a total of 36 elderly patients. We assessed the severity of Xerosis cutis using the Xerosimeter score, and evaluated the quality of life using the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). Result: The majority of elderly patients with xerosis cutis had moderate severity with 22 patients (61.10%) and reported a moderate impact on quality of life with 17 patients (47.20%). The severity of xerosis cutis was also significantly correlated with quality of life (P

The 21st-century competency demands, namely creativity, critical thinking and problem solving, communication, and collaboration. The learning outcomes of the independent curriculum in Indonesia emphasize the importance of students adopting attitudes that support the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Therefore, this research is necessary to produce a valid e-book for facilitating students' bioentrepreneurship skills by incorporating Bojonegoro's local wisdom and supporting SDG 15. The method used in developing the e-book was the 4D model (define, design, develop, and disseminate). Validation which covered content feasibility, presentation feasibility, and language feasibility was carried out by two expert lecturers in the fields of content and instructional media and one biology teacher. Reliability testing was conducted to ensure that the data is trustworthy and consistent. Data analysis was obtained quantitatively and descriptively. The result reveal that content and presentation feasibility are the same, with a score of 3.76 in the very valid category, and the reliability categories are very high at 95% and 93%, respectively. In addition, the language feasibility shows a score of 4, indicating a very valid category with 100% reliability. This result demonstrates that the developed e-book is highly valid for facilitating students' bioentrepreneurship skills.

Desa Jipurapah kaya dengan adanya tanaman rimpang seperti temulawak, kunyit, dan lempuyang yang kurang dimanfaatkan dengan baik. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat MERETAS ASA ini dilakukan di Desa Jipurapah Kecamatan Plandaan Kabupaten Jombang yang bertujuan untuk menambah ilmu kepada remaja tentang pengolahan tanaman rimpang yang tumbuh di sekitar desa serta meningkatkan perekonomian desa menjadi lebih baik lagi dengan memanfaatkan tanaman yang ada pada desa Jipurapah, pengabdian masyarakat ini mengajak remaja Jipurapah untuk membuat sebuah produk yang inovatif. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan MERETAS ASA adalah pelatihan pembuatan produk dengan masyarakat khususnya remaja perempuan. Pengabdian ini dilaksanakan sebagai salah satu program desa untuk memberikan pemberdayaan kepada remaja perempuan dan ibu kader di dusun Jipurapah untuk memanfaatkan hasil tanaman rimpang (Temulawak, Lempuyang, Dan Kunyit) serta hasil tanaman ketela pohon dan bayam. Hasil dari pengabdian, masyarakat dapat mengolah sumber daya alam dari mentah menjadi produk instan siap konsumsi. Produk yang telah di olah dapat diperjualkan guna meningkatkan perekonomian masyarakat.

Background: Cases of cruelty can occur in wild animal, livestock, and pet animal. Cruelty to cats choose to be the background of this research because many cases of cruelty to cats have not reported although the cases are still high. Aim: Aim of this research was to know how much dilution of cat blood that can still be detected by Leucomalachite Green (LMG) and Takayama reagent. Methods: Three samples of domestic cat blood were diluted with ratio 1:10; 1:100; 1:1,000; 1:10,000; and 1:100,000. Bloodstain is made by dropping each blood dilution on the filter paper for LMG test and on the object glass for Takayama test. Bloodstain for LMG test was done with ten repetitions from each sample and duplo for Takayama test. Positive results from the LMG test are presented as a bluish-green discoloration in stains. A positive result from the Takayama test is the formation of hemochromogen crystals under a microscope with 400x magnification. Results: Based on this research, cat bloodstain can be detected with LMG reagent until 1:40,000 dilution, while Takayama reagent only can detect cat bloodstain until 1:1,000. Conclusion: LMG and Takayama reagent are reagents that are often used in human blood spot testing. If there is a case of violence against cats and other animals, these two reagents can be relied on to help with the proof process. [Open Vet J 2024; 14(10.000): 2609-2617]

An infectious disease called infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) can lead to a number of disorders affecting cattle's respiratory system. The disease is caused by bovine alphaherpesvirus type 1 (BoAHV-1). Based on antigenic and genetic characteristics, BoAHV-1 strains are divided into subtypes 1.1, 1.2a, 1.2b, and 1.3. IBR is currently widespread throughout the world, with the exception of a few nations that have achieved eradication. The most significant characteristic of this illness is that, after a clinical or subclinical infection, the virus typically establishes a latent condition that can later be reactivated in the presence of stress, immunosuppressive conditions/substances, or other diseases. Primarily, the virus spreads by direct or indirect contact between animals. It may also be transmitted via the reproductive system, causing infectious balanoposthitis or vulvovaginitis. Most virus subtypes are associated with reproductive failure, such as fetal or embryonic resorption and abortions. The virus may also be transmitted through semen, which could lead to genital transfer. Bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) infection produces a variety of lesions. Lesion in the mucosal surface usually consists of white necrotic material. Regular methods for diagnosing BoHV-1 infections include isolation in cell culture, ELISA, VNT, and methods based on identification of nucleic acids, like PCR. The interplay of several host, pathogen, environmental, and management factors affects the spread of IBR. Through its impacts on health and fitness, IBR can lead to production losses. In order to minimize the severity of clinical signs and stop the infection from spreading, the veterinarian may advise that sick or at-risk animals be placed under immediate isolation and vaccinated (such as intranasal vaccination, including the use of both killed and live attenuated virus vaccines) as soon as an IBR diagnosis is obtained. [Open Vet J 2024; 14(10.000): 2525-2538]

The purpose of this research was to determine the correlation between the weight of the ovary, the number of follicles, and the quality of the oocytes from the culling female bovine obtained from the slaughterhouse. The variation may affect the potential of the ovary to produce follicles. Paired ovaries were obtained from female bovines. Follicle numbers were recorded and divided into three size categories (small: 3 mm, medium: < 3 mm-8 mm, and large: > 8 mm). Oocytes were aspirated and the number of oocytes was recorded and graded into four categories (grades A, B, C, and D). There was a positive correlation between the weight of the ovary and the number of follicles, which is 0.560 with the regression equation y = 3.52 + 0.501 x. There was a positive correlation between the number of follicles and the number of oocytes, which is 0.546 with the regression equation y =2.48 + 1.204 x. There was a positive correlation between the number of oocytes and the grade of oocytes, which is 0.520, with the regression equation y = 0.93 + 0.800 x. There was no correlation between the weight of the ovary and oocyte grade A, which is 0.013.

The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus (PRRSV) belonging to the Arteriviridae family is the cause of PRRS disease. After being discovered for the first time in the United States in 1987, this illness quickly expanded to Canada. The disease was initially discovered in late 1990 in Germany, from where it quickly spread throughout Europe. The consequences of PRRSV lead to a number of epidemiological issues, including a sickness with a delayed immune response that permits extended viremia, which facilitates viral transmission. The virus penetrates the nasal epithelium, tonsils, lung macrophages, and uterine endometrium through the oronasal and genital pathways. Abortions performed late in pregnancy and premature or delayed deliveries resulting in dead and mummified fetuses, stillborn pigs, and weakly born piglets are indicative of reproductive syndrome. In the meanwhile, dyspnea, fever, anorexia, and lethargic behavior are signs of respiratory syndrome. The virus can be isolated from the tissue or serum of animals that have been infected to confirm the diagnosis. Pig movements and potential airborne dissemination are two ways that the virus can enter new herds and propagate through nose-to-nose contact or aerosols. Various supportive therapies may enhance infant survival, and antibiotics may or may not lessen the impact of secondary bacterial infections. The absence of simple diagnostic tests, the virus's airborne transmission, the occurrence of subclinical infections, and the virus's persistence in infected populations have all contributed to the failure of control efforts for PRRS. [Open Vet J 2024; 14(9.000): 2138-2152]

The plastic woven bag has become a symbolic representation of Indonesian women's identity since the trend increased in 2021. The plastic woven bag represents femininity and the image of women as a result of socio-cultural construction. The activity of weaving paradoxically puts women in both a central and a marginal role. The weaving industry is characterized by an increasing number of platforms for women to generate income and improve their economic welfare. Nevertheless, women are still faced with patriarchal domination, because the demands of their domestic role limit their ability to move freely in public space. Therefore, their status as homeworkers has subordinated women to the status of marginal breadwinners in the economic system. This research aims to reveal the marginalization of women in plastic woven bag SMEs (small and medium enterprises). This research also aims to analyze the environmental risks that are faced by women, families, and society due to the use of synthetic chemicals in the production of woven plastic bags. This research used the perspective of eco-feminism, Bourdieu's (1977) concept of habitus, and Ulrich Beck's concept of a risk society (2012) as analytical tools. This research used qualitative research methods, and it was conducted at SMEs (small and medium enterprises) that produce plastic woven bags in Sambirejo Village, Madiun Regency, East Java, Indonesia. The subjects in this research were women who run SMEs. This research found that the marginalization experienced by plastic woven bag craftswomen was divided into two domains--the public (Woven House) and the domestic (household). Women still perceive the practice of marginalization as normal because of their pessimistic attitude and the Javanese philosophy of 'nerimo ing pandum (accepting one's lot in life as a gift of God). This study also concludes that environmental risks include the absence of waste management and the emergence of respiratory diseases suffered by some craftswomen. Therefore, it is necessary to have government policies and environmentalists' input to overcome the health problems experienced by craftswomen of these plastic woven bags. Keywords: Marginalization of women, Homeworkers, Environmental risks, Plastic woven bags, SMEs, Indonesian women workers, Introduction Community participation in the SMEs (small and medium enterprises) sector and the role of SMEs in national economic growth is increasing (Eriza & Saragih, 2019; Halim, 2020; Huda & [...]

Indonesia is a rich country. One of its wealth includes local wisdoms, spread out in the region. Traditional games are parts of local wisdoms in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to see the relationship and comparison of responses and students' characters with the implementation of the traditional game called "Congklak" in classroom teaching. The research used the mix-method, which aimed to corelate and compare research variables. This study used a sample of 50 students with the total sampling technique. The data collection instruments used were questionnaires and interviews. Data analysis used descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The result of the research is that there is a positive significant correlation between research variables, and there is different students' responses and students' characters, with a value of sig <0.05 and in each dominant variable in the good category.

This paper explores the prevalent use of sarcasm among Indonesian Instagram users, particularly on the @Insertlive account and its link to cyberbullying. This qualitative study, adopting Keraf’s sarcasm function theory, identifies different types of sarcasm and how offensive language affects communication and social norms in social media. The study reveals different sarcasm functions like rejection, prohibition, information, and vulgarities, indicating that sarcasm is widely used in online communication. On the one hand, sarcasm is a means of laughter and togetherness; on the other hand, however, it is a hostile strategy to insult and criticize. This paper highlights the social benefits of constructive sarcasm compared to its potential harms that may lead to cyberbullying. It is suggested that social media should improve the moderation features and promote positive comments. Besides, future research could examine the effect of sarcasm on the psychological state of targets and observe cultural differences in the use of sarcasm across various platforms.

(1) Background: This study aims to investigate differences in the perspectives of healthcare professionals (HCPs) and adults with spinal cord injury (SCI) on resistance exercise intensity in Asian countries in association with knowledge translation (KT). Also, it verifies the appropriateness of the conventional indicators for resistance exercise intensity in an Asian context. (2) Methods: 121 certified HCPs and 107 adults with SCI participated in a survey conducted in Indonesian, Japanese, Korean and Thai languages. The survey asked what principles are important for prescribing resistance exercise, and if ‘moderate’ and ‘vigorous’ were appropriate terms for indicating an intensity level. Perspective differences were examined between both groups and, further, between countries from a psychosocial perspective. (3) Results: Of the HCPs, 92% perceived that resistance exercise intensity was far more important than frequency, time or type of exercise while frequency (61%) followed by intensity (58%) was perceived as important by respondents with SCI. Only Japanese respondents with SCI agreed with the HCPs’ perception of intensity. Both HCPs and respondents with SCI showed unfavorable responses to the usage of ‘moderate’ and ‘vigorous’ for describing resistance exercise intensity, especially Japanese HCPs and respondents with SCI from Indonesia. (4) Conclusions: Our findings suggest that non-HCPs must improve their perceptions of exercise intensity. Our findings also suggest the need for more explicit and user-friendly terms or expressions indicating the level of intensity in a local (Asian) context.

Background: The preconception period is a crucial period to optimize maternal and fetal health. Preconception nutrition can affect nutritional status and mental health which has an impact on pregnancy readiness. This study aims to analyze the correlation between nutrition and nutritional status and mental health during the preconception period. Method: This study used a prospective cohort study involving women of childbearing age selected by stratified random sampling to obtain 129 respondents. Nutritional Style data were collected through FFQ questionnaires, nutritional status was measured through anthropometry and Hemoglobin examination, and mental health was measured using the DASS questionnaire. Data collection was carried out three times and analyzed using the Pearson correlation test, multiple linear regression and the Wilcoxon test for longitudinal analysis. Result: The results showed that there was no significant correlation between Nutritional Style and BMI (p-value>0.05). However, there was a significant correlation between Nutritional Style and the incidence of anemia, the strongest correlation in the first measurement (p-value 0.001) and the second measurement (p-value 0.049). A significant correlation was found between Nutritional Style and mental health, especially anxiety in the first measurement (p-value 0.022), the second measurement (p-value 0.006) and the third measurement (p-value 0.029), but not with stress and depression. There was a significant increase in nutritional status from the first to the second measurement (p-value 0.020) and the first to the third measurement (p-value 0.003). There was a significant decrease in anxiety from the first to the second measurement (p-value 0.034) and the first to the third measurement (p-value 0.000). Conclusion : Good Nutritional Style during preconception can improve nutritional status and minimize mental health risk. Nutrition intervention programs are needed to improve knowledge and implementation of healthy food nutrition. In addition, regular monitoring of nutritional status and mental health is also needed to optimize pregnancy readiness.