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Aim. To study the associations of the Tpeak-Tend interval (TpTe) with components of metabolic syndrome (MS) in a sample of Novosibirsk residents.Material and methods. The study included 1042 residents of Novosibirsk (510 (48,9%) men) aged 35-74 years. The examination included the collection of demographic and social data, anthropometry, blood pressure (BP) measurement, and electrocardiography (ECG). MS was determined according to the 2013 criteria. The TpTe interval from the peak, as the maximum positive or negative T wave deviation, to the end of the T wave, was measured manually in lead V5. The corrected TpTe (cTpTe) interval was used in the study.Results. The cTpTe is inversely associated with female sex (B 3,390, 95% confidence interval (CI): (-5,516-2,504), p=0,001). The cTpTe interval is associated with a blood pressure (BP) ≥140/90 mm Hg (B 3,154, 95% CI: (1,614-4,688), p=0,001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) >3,0 mmol/l (B 1,818, 95% CI: (0,409-3,544), p=0,030), regardless of other MS components, sex and age. The cTpTe interval was higher in individuals with BP ≥140/90 mm Hg compared with individuals with BP 3,0 mmol/l (68,41 95% CI: 67,11-69,63 vs 66,60 95% CI: 65,02-68,23; p=0,023), compared with individuals with LDL-C

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus and obesity are two closely related diseases that are a global public health problem. Obesity is characterized by an increase in the volume of adipose tissue and a change in the production and function of adipocytokines, which leads to a violation of the regulation of insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism, contributing to the development of insulin resistance and diabetic pathology.AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of individual adipocytokines and metabolic hormones in patients with DM2 and without diabetes, depending on the presence/absence of abdominal obesity (AO).MATERIALS AND METHODS: A single-center observational cross-sectional study was conducted. A population subsample of men and women aged 25–44 years was examined. Socio-demographic data were collected, anthropometric measurements were performed. The levels of amylin, C-peptide, ghrelin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), glucagon, were determined in blood serum by multiplex analysis using a set of reagents Human Metabolic Hormone V3 (USA) and Human Adipokine Panel 1 (USA) on a Luminex MAGPIX flow fluorimeter (USA). interleukin 6, insulin, leptin, monocytic chemotactic factor 1 (MCP-1), pancreatic polypeptide (PP), peptide YY (PYY), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), adiponectin, adipsin, lipocalin-2, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and resistin.RESULTS: The study included 105 people. The main group consisted of 35 people with diabetes mellitus, 11 of them without AO and 24 with AO, the control group consisted of 70 people without diabetes mellitus (35 people with AO and 35 without AO), comparable in gender and age with the main group. In individuals with abdominal obesity, regardless of the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, the levels of C-peptide, GLP-1, insulin, leptin and TNF-alpha are higher than in individuals without abdominal obesity. The chance of having diabetes mellitus and AO is associated with an increase in leptin levels (OR=1.367, 95% CI: 1.050–1.779, p=0.020).CONCLUSION: The results of our study show that the indicators of the adipocytokine profile differ significantly in individuals with the presence/absence of abdominal obesity. According to our data, leptin makes the greatest contribution to the development of SD2 against the background of AO. Further research is needed to identify causal relationships and determine whether treatment that regulates adipocytokine levels can help in personalized approaches to the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Aim. To evaluate the usage of antihypertensive drugs (AHDs) and their combinations in participants aged 35 to74 years with arterial hypertension (AH) in the population-based study ESSE-RF3.Material and methods. Representative samples of the population aged 35 to 74 years from 15 regions of Russia (n=28731) with a response rate over 70% were examined in the ESSE-RF3 study. Therapy received by 9944 participants with AH (with systolic BP ≥140 mm Hg and/or diastolic BP ≥90 mm Hg, or when the subject was taking AHDs) was analyzed. Information about AHDs intake (brand name of the drug) was recorded by questionnaire and coded according to International Nonproprietary Names by classes. Statistical analysis was performed using the open-source R 4.1 environment. Comparison of discrete indicators between groups was performed using Fisher’s exact test. The significance level for all tested hypotheses was taken as.05. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of FGBI “NMRC TPM” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, each participant signed an informed consent.Results. Among the patients receiving therapy for AH, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) were used by 38.8% of participants, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) — 31.6%, betablockers (BBs) — 29.0%, сalcium channel blockers (CCBs) — 21.5%, diuretics — 18.6%, 1.1% — outdated AHDs; 8.6% — other groups of drugs. Monotherapy was used by 53.1% of patients, 33.1% of participants received two, and 13.9% received three AHDs. Among participants taking two or more AHDs (including single-pill combinations (SPC)), males most often received the combination of BB+ ACEI and females — BB+ARBs. SPC AHDs were used by 10.3% of those receiving therapy (males: 9.8%, females: 10.6%). Among SPCs, the top three combinations were CCBs + ACEIs (28%), diuretics + ACEIs (27.5%), and diuretics + ARBs (24.4%).Conclusion. The population study ESSE-RF3, based on the survey of a representative sample of the Russian population aged 35-74 years, showed that more than a half of participants with AH receiving therapy were used the monotherapy, only every tenth of those treated received SPC. The problem of insufficient patients’ literacy was indicated — about 1% of patients received outdated AGPs. In addition, 8.6% of patients used non-AHDs for the treatment of AH. For improving the control of AH treatment, it is necessary to increase the adherence of patients to the prescribed therapy and more strict adherence of doctors to the published guidelines for AH treatment.

Aim. To study the problem of obesity at the national level.Material and methods. The ESSE-RF3 study examined a representative sample of the population of 15 Russian regions aged 35-74 years with a response >70% (n=28731). Modular design questionnaire was used. The study received approval from the Independent Ethics Committee of the National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine. Signed informed consent was obtained from each participant. Body mass (BM) was measured once with an accuracy of 100 g. The height was measured with an accuracy of 0,5 cm once in a standing position without shoes. Waist circumference was measured with a standard measuring tape with an accuracy of 0,5 cm. There were following BM categories: insufficient (BM index (BMI) 40). Abdominal obesity (AO) was assessed using the following criteria: waist circumference ≥102 cm and ≥88 cm for men and women, respectively. The changes of obesity were studied with the inclusion of materials from the ESSE-RF (2012-14) and ESSE-RF2 (2017) studies, carried out using the same methodology with ESSE-RF3 in the same age range of 35-64 years. Statistical analysis was carried out using the open-source R 3.6.1 environment. Analysis of associations between factors and a binary variable was carried out using the logistic regression method. The significance level for all tested hypotheses was 0,05.Results. Mean BMI values is 28,2±4,6 kg/m2 among men and 28,9±5,9 kg/m2 among women. The prevalence of overweight is 44,0 and 33,7%, obesity — 30,0 and 39,5%, AO — 30,9 and 55,1% among men and women, respectively. In addition, 30,3% have a combination of obesity and AO; obesity and/or AO — 49,1%. Obesity statistics did not significantly change, but in each section the rates are higher among women. The closest associations were found between obesity and hypertension (men: odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval) 2,88 (2,66-3,12), women: OR 3,03 (2,81-3,27) (p

Aim. To analyze the prevalence of anxiety and depression in Russians using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) during the Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases and their Risk Factors in Regions of Russian Federation (ESSE-RF) study. To study the associations of increased levels of anxiety and depression (HADS-A/ HADS-D ≥8+) with demographic and socio-economic characteristics according to the ESSE-RF3 study.Material and methods. In the ESSE-RF3 study, a representative sample of the population of 15 Russian regions aged 35-74 years was examined with a response >70%. After removing respondents with missing data from the analysis, the final sample was 28716 people. The level of anxiety/depression was assessed by the sum of points

Aim. To analyze the prevalence of smoking according to the Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases and their Risk Factors in Regions of Russian Federation-3 (ESSE-RF3) study, and compare these data with the previous two stages.Material and methods. Data from following three cross sections of the ESSE-RF study were used: 2013-2014, 2017, 2020-2022. At the first stage, the prevalence and probability of smoking was assessed according to ESSE-RF3 data in 2020-2022 (n=28628, 35-74 years). At the second stage, an analysis was carried out over time using data from all three ESSE-RF sections (n=43804, 35-64 years).Results. In the overall ESSE-RF3 sample, the prevalence of smoking was 17,0% (men — 27,7%, women — 7,6%). Smoking probability varies significantly by sex, age, education level and income. Over time, the standardized prevalence of smoking increases from 25,0% in 20132014 to 26,2% in 2017, and then decreases to 21,5% in 2020-2022. Women are characterized by the same direction of trends, while men had consistent decrease in prevalence from 41,3 to 37,0 and 34,3%, respectively. The probability of smoking in 2017, relative to 20132014, decreases only in some socio-demographic categories of the population. In 2020-2022, a decrease in the probability of smoking is typical for both the general sample and all subgroups of the population.Conclusion. The results obtained characterize the current situation and time trends of the last decade and contain important information on smoking epidemiology in Russia.

At the present time, there is a growing trend of vegetarian diets, even in countries with a traditional Nordic diet.Aim. To study the prevalence and characteristics of vegetarian diets in the Russian population at the present stage.Material and methods. The analysis included data from representative samples of the adult population 25-74 years old, examined within three sections of the Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases and their Risk Factors in Regions of Russian Federation (ESSE-RF) study in 20132014, 2017 and 2020-2022. A total of 57351 participants (24862 men and 32489 women) were analyzed. Nutrition assessment was carried out using the frequency method. Restrictive diets include semi-vegetarian, vegetarian and vegan diets. Data are presented as frequencies and odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).Results. The prevalence of restrictive diets in the Russian population according to three sections of the ESSE-RF study was 3,1%. There is an increase in the prevalence of these diets from 2,7% in 2013, to 3,6% in 2017 and 3,3% in 2020-2022. Men are less likely than women to exclude red meat from their diet (OR 0,55 [0,49-0,61], p

Aim. To study the proportion of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) survivors and hospitalization cases of the Russian population for the period 2020-2022, depending on socio-demographic characteristics.Material and methods. The work was performed on random samples of the population aged 35-74 years from 15 regions participating in the Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases and their Risk Factors in Regions of Russian Federation-3 (ESSE-RF3) study. The examination was carried out from February 2020 to March-April 2022 (n=28718, 47% men).Results. According to a survey of sample participants, the proportion of respondents who had COVID-19 by the spring of 2022 among all surveyed was 26,0%. Among 45-54-year-old respondents, this parameter was maximum (28,0%), while among those aged 65-74-year-old — minimal (22,3%). The following categories of people were more likely to have COVID-19: women (27,9 vs 23,9% of men, p

Aim. To establish reference values of handgrip test for a middle-aged and elderly population (35-74 years), as well as study the association of health characteristics and muscle strength.Material and methods. For the analysis, we used data from the Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases and their Risk Factors in Regions of Russian Federation-3 (ESSE-RF3) study, conducted in 2020-2022. The sample was selected similarly to the previous ESSE-RF stages. The sample included 27689 men and women aged 35-74 years from 14 Russian regions. Of the individual variables, the characteristics with the highest evidence level of influence on muscle strength were taken as covariates. Muscle strength was assessed by a handgrip test using a MEGEON 34090 device with an accuracy of 0,1 kg. Three measurements were taken for each arm in a standing position, and the maximum value was used in the analysis. Normative sex-specific handgrip test values were established regardless of age: a participant's handgrip value was considered reduced if it was 2 standard deviations below the average value of participants at the age with the best/highest scores.Results. The average handgrip test values for the entire male sample were 43,4±11,1 kg, while for the female sample — 27,6±6,1 kg. In men under 53 years of age, muscle strength decreases at a rate of 0,12 kg/year, then the decline accelerates to 0,48 kg/year. In women under 45,5 years of age, a slight and insignificant increase in muscle strength was detected by 0,02 kg/year, and after 45,5 years, handgrip value falls at a rate of 0,2 kg/year. Therefore, both men and women lose 1,3% of muscle strength per year to year and the decline rate do not differ. The peak age can be considered 35 years old, since at this age, the average muscle strength in men and women is 47,6±11,5 and 29,2±5,7 kg, respectively, and the calculated norm (M–2SD) for men was 47,6–2´11,5≈24 kg using rounding down, and for women it was 29,2– 2´5,7≈17 kg. With age, as expected, the proportion of people of both sexes with a metabolic syndrome level below the threshold increases, reaching 7,5% after 65 years. Multivariate regression analysis showed that, taking into account adjustments for covariates, for every 10 years, muscle strength decreases by an average of 3,1 kg in men and by 1,7 kg in women. Negative associations of metabolic syndrome with inflammation markers (fibrinogen and C-reactive protein) and noncommunicable diseases are also significant, but only men have significantly lower rates of metabolic syndrome in the presence of anxiety and depression, low income and urban residence.Conclusion. The use of handgrip test in any age range during medical examinations or preventive examinations of the adult population and informing primary care specialists about the results obtained can help improve the general health of the population.

Aim. To assess the associations of social and behavioral risk factors with cognitive impairment in the Russian population aged 55-74 years.Material and methods. This study was conducted as part of the Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases and their Risk Factors in Regions of Russian Federation-3 (ESSE-RF3) study. A total of 13736 participants living in 14 Russian regions were examined. Cognition was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score as follows: cognitive impairment was recorded in the total score

Aim. To assess adherence to a healthy lifestyle depending on the individual and socio-economic characteristics of the Russian population (according to the Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases and their Risk Factors in Regions of Russian Federation-3 (ESSE-RF3) study), followed by a comparative analysis with ESSE-RF2 (2017).Material and methods. The analysis was carried out based on research data from ESSE-RF2 in 2017 and ESSE-RF3 in 2020-2022. The healthy lifestyle adherence index included following parameters: no smoking; sufficient consumption of vegetables and fruits; physical activity; no excessive salt intake and alcohol abuse. Three following categories of adherence to a healthy lifestyle were analyzed: high, satisfactory, low. From individual variables, individual socio-economic characteristics with the highest evidence level of influence on healthy lifestyle were taken.Results. In the ESSE-RF3 sample, 47,2% of respondents had low adherence to a healthy lifestyle, 37,2% — satisfactory, and 15,6% — high. Women are more committed to healthy behavior compared to the male population — 19,6 vs 11,1% (p

Aim. To analyze alcohol consumption according to the Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases and their Risk Factors in Regions of Russian Federation-3 (ESSE-RF3) study and compare these data with the previous two ESSE-RF sections.Material and methods. Data from following cross-sectional sections of the ESSE-RF study were used: 2013-2014, 2017, 2020-2022. At the first stage, alcohol consumption was assessed according to ESSE-RF3 data in 2020-2022, conducted during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic (n=28685, 35-74 years). At the second stage, a comparison of all three sections of the ESSE-RF study was carried out (n=42043, 35-64 years). Alcohol consumption was divided into those not drinking alcohol, those drinking alcohol little or moderately (

Aim. To study the epidemiological characteristics and changes of hypertension (HTN), as well as factors associated with HTN in the Russian population aged 35-74 years.Material and methods. The Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases and their Risk Factors in Regions of Russian Federation-3 (ESSE-RF3) study examined a representative sample of the population aged 35-74 years of 15 Russian regions with a response >70% (n=28611). Modular design questionnaire was used. Blood pressure (BP) was measured twice after a 5-minute rest in a sitting position on the right arm with an Omron blood pressure monitor. There were following criteria for hypertension: systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥140 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥90 mm Hg, and/or antihypertensive therapy. The effectiveness of treatment was considered the proportion (%) of people who achieved target blood pressure values among those being treated, while the control was considered the proportion (%) of patients with a BP

Aim. To study levels and types of physical activity, as well as its individual socio-demographic and seasonal determinants in the Russian population according to the Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases and their Risk Factors in Regions of Russian Federation (ESSE-RF) study.Material and methods. Data from the ESSE-RF2 (2017) and ESSERF3 (2020-2022) was used. The sample included 28731 men and women aged 35-74 from 15 regions. The level of physical activity was assessed using the Global physical activity questionnaire (GPAQ). The following socio-economic and demographic characteristics were taken as covariates: sex, age, place of residence (urban and rural), level of education, marital status, work characteristics, income level, season of the year. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 22 (IBM Corp. USA).Results. The study showed that 27,4% of the sample have insufficient physical activity. Among the low physical activity category, there are more women than men (28,12 vs 26,7%, p

Aim. To assess the prevalence of psychological stress (PS) using the Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10) in various Russian regions and to analyze PS associations with socio-demographic characteristics and behavioral risk factors and some non-communicable diseases (NCDs).Material and methods. We studied representative samples of the population aged 35-74 years in the Russian regions, examined as part of the Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases in Regions of Russian Federation-3 (ESSE-RF3) study. The subjects were interviewed using a questionnaire containing a section on the psychological stress — PSS-10. For men, PS levels are ranked as follows: "Low" — 0-11, "Medium" — 12-17, "High" — 18-40. For women, PS levels are ranked as follows: "Low" — 0-13, "Medium" — 14-19, "High" — 20-40. Statistical analysis was carried out using the open-source R 3.6.1 environment.Results. The average PS level was 12,0±7,3 (men: 10,7±7,0; women: 13,1±7,4). Every fifth person (20,3%) in the Russian population has a high PS level, with higher PS rates among women compared to men (high PS level — 21,6 vs 18,9%, respectively). A high PS level was associated with the income level (average or low), no marriage, unemployment, low level of physical activity, depression, anxiety, NCDs (type 2 diabetes, myocardial infarction, stroke), additionally for women — hypertension.Conclusion. The Russian population is characterized by a high PS prevalence, while PS rates are higher among women, which must be taken into account when predicting the NCD risks.

Aim. To study the incidence and risk factors of cardiovascular events (CVEs) during an 8-year follow-up of a cohort of men aged 25-44 years (Novosibirsk).Material and methods. The cohort study included 1415 people aged 37,33 [31,83; 41,92] years (Median, Me [interquartile range, Q25; Q75], of which 670 (47,3%) were men. Median follow-up period was 6,9 [5,8; 7,8] years. CVEs were identified using the "Registry of Acute Myocardial Infarction", fatal cases — from the "Medical Certificates of Cause of Death". The examination program included a questionnaire, anthropometry, biochemical studies. Statistical processing was carried out using SPSS (version 13.0).Results. Thirteen CVEs were identified, of which 6 were fatal. Survival prognosis was more favorable in men without hypertension, with a heart rate (HR) 80 bpm, increased fasting plasma glucose, creatinine levels (or decreased glomerular filtration rate).

In the present review the analysis of the world literature devoted to the study of metabolic disorders in the body and the risk of COVID-19 disease. It is known that metabolic syndrome is an independent risk factor for the severe course of new coronavirus infection. This review summarizes data on the mechanisms of metabolic dysfunction in a new coronavirus infection, analyzes the results of studies that investigated the issues of associations between the course of COVID-19 and various metabolic disorders, such as hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, their severity, potential targets of therapy, predictors of the development of a severe course of new coronavirus infection are considered. These metabolic disorders increase the impairment of the immune system and make patients more susceptible to the development of infectious diseases, in particular, to infection with a new coronavirus infection. Taking into account the obtained data, it becomes obvious the need to identify and monitor patients with pre-existing metabolic diseases, as well as their development during and after COVID-19. The information on the topic from publications based on PubMed, PubMed Central, Scopus, Google Scholar, Medscape, UpYoDate, eLIBRARY.RU data were used.

Aim. To study the prevalence of abdominal obesity in young people aged 25–44 years in Novosibirsk, as well as the prevalence of diseases and pathological conditions in individuals with abdominal obesity.Materials and methods. We conducted a cross-sectional, population-based study of the population of Novosibirsk aged 25–44 years. The screening examined 1,415 people, including 670 men and 745 women. For all individuals, we evaluated the presence of such conditions as abdominal obesity (AO), arterial hypertension (AH), increased body mass index (BMI), coronary heart disease (according to validated epidemiologic and functional criteria with ECG findings classified according to the Minnesota Code), diabetes mellitus (DM), reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR), chronic bronchitis (CB), increased blood levels of total cholesterol (hypercholesterolemia) and lowdensity lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia).Results. The prevalence of AO in the population of Novosibirsk aged 25–44 years was 42.4%: in men – 42.7%, in women – 42.1%. We found that AO had a significant direct effect on the development of AH (odds ratio (OR) = 2.550, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.899–3.422, p = 0.0001), CB (OR = 1.830, CI 1.326–2.527, p = 0.0001), hypercholesterolemia (OR = 1.486, CI 1.193–1.851, p = 0.0001), hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia (OR = 1.527, CI 1.222–1.907, p = 0.0001) and a reverse effect on reduced GFR (OR = 0.603, CI 0.427–0.852, p = 0.004). In the male population under 45 years of age, AO had a significant direct effect on the development of AH, CB, hypercholesterolemia, and hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia. In the female population under the age of 45, AO had a significant direct effect on the development of DM, AH, CB, and hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia and a reverse effect on the reduced GFR development.Conclusion. Therefore, in the young Siberian population under 45 years of age, abdominal obesity is associated with the development of common diseases and pathological conditions.

Our study aimed to explore associated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic liver dysfunction influence on the severity of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19. Material and methods. The study design was a cross-sectional study. The research included 215 patients (39.50 % of men) aged 26–60 years who had undergone a new coronavirus infection COVID-19 at least two months ago. Participants were divided into three groups by severity of infection: mild (n = 99), moderate and severe (n = 116) by anamnesis. Hepatic steatosis index (HIS), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity, glucose and triglyceride content, systolic and diastolic pressure were calculated and abdominal ultrasound examination was done. Results. In the group with moderate and severe course of COVID-19, the proportion of patients diagnosed with NAFLDaccording to the HSI index was significantly higher compared to patients with mild coronavirus infection. Patients with mild COVID-19, who were diagnosed with NAFLD, had higher alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity, glucose and triglyceride content, BMI, systolic and diastolic pressure, waist circumference compared to patients without NAFLD. Similar differences persisted for patients with moderate and severe course. With the step-by-step exclusion of cardiometabolic parameters from the logistic regression model, the triglyceride content and BMI retained association with steatohepatosis according to ultrasound data, regardless of severity. When creating a similar model for the HSI index, significant correlation was shown for alanine aminotransferase activity in patients with mild COVID-19, for alanine aminotransferase activity and BMI – in patients with moderate and severe COVID-19. Conclusions. Patients with NAFLD have a more severe course of COVID-19. In addition, associations of the severity of COVID-19 with a combination of NAFLD and other cardiometabolic changes in the body, such as arterial hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia, were revealed.

Aim. To study the associations of changes in lipid metabolism parameters and the severity of a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Material and methods. This cross-sectional study included 270 patients aged 26-84 years (mean age, 53,09±13,22 years) who had COVID-19 within prior two months, which were divided into 3 groups: mild (1, n=128), moderate (2, n=128) and severe (3, n=14) COVID-19. Patients were assessed for body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). In addition, atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) was calculated. Statistical processing was performed using the SPSS software package (version 13.0).Results. Patients with severe COVID-19 had significantly higher levels of TG and AIP compared with patients with moderate and mild course. BMI and WC were significantly higher in patients in groups 2 and 3 compared with patients in group 1. In women, BMI and AIP levels were significantly higher in the severe COVID-19 group compared to groups 1 and 2. HDL-C levels were lower in patients with severe COVID-19 compared to those with moderate disease. WHR was higher among men in group 3 compared with group 1.Conclusion. Patients with severe COVID-19 have higher BMI, WC, AIP, TG levels, and lower HD-C levels. The relative odds for severe COVID-19 are associated with increased WC, AIP, TG, and lower HDL-C.

Aim.To assess the significance of symmetrical dimethylarginine (SDMA), uromodulin, retinol-binding protein 4 (RSB-4), transforming growth factorb1 (TGF-b1), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) as kidney dysfunction potential biomarkers persons with hypertension in persons 2545 years old. Materials and methods.The study included 147 people. Hypertension was recorded with blood pressure (BP)140/90 mm Hg, renal dysfunction with GFRCKD-EPI90 ml/min/1.73 cm2. Four groups were formed: 1 individuals with hypertension and GFR90 ml/min/1.73 cm2; 2 with hypertension and GFR90 ml/min/1.73 cm2; 3 with BP140/90 mm Hg and GFR90 ml/min/1.73 cm2; 4 with BP140/90 mm Hg and GFR90 ml/min/1.73 cm2. The groups were comparable by gender, age, and number of respondents. Creatinine, SDMA, uromodulin, RSB-4, TGF-b1, PAI-1 levels were examined in all individuals in the serum. Results.The maximum values of SDMA were determined in the 1st and 3rd groups (1.30 and 1.36 mol/l). In the 1st group, an association was found between SDMA and GFR (r=-0.324;p=0.048). In the 1st group, the minimum values of uromodulin were recorded, in the 4th group the maximum values (164.86 and 188.90 ng/ml; at the same timeр=0.921). The level of RSB-4 was the highest in the 1st group, the lowest in the 4th group (88.64 and 80.05 g/ml;p=0.011). The association of RSB-4 with SDMA in the 3rd group (r=0.400;p=0.017), the 4th group (r=0.403;p=0.018) was detected. The level of TGF-b1 was 1.5 times higher in the 1st group than in the 3rd (23.16 and 15.99 g/ml;p=0.026), the association of TGF-b1 with GFR in the 1st group had the opposite direction (r=-0.452;p=0.005). The study of similar indicators of PAI-1 did not reveal its relationship with renal dysfunction in hypertension. Conclusion.The results of the study made it possible to consider SDMA, RSB-4, TGF-b1 as potential biomarkers of renal dysfunction in hypertension in persons 2545 years old.

Aim of the study was to investigate glomerular filtration rate in population of 25–45 years old young people of Novosibirsk city. Material and methods. A survey of Novosibirsk typical district’s population has been carried out by the Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine since 2013 to 2016. 1074 people (467 males and 607 females of 25–45 years old) have been included into the survey. The levels of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were chosen according to KDIGO (2012) recommendation, such as: GFR more than 90 ml/min/1.73 cm2 – high or optimal, 60–89 ml/min/1.73 cm2 – slightly reduced, 45–59 ml/min/1.73 cm2 – moderately reduced, 30–44 ml/min/1.73 cm2 – vastly reduced, 1529 ml/min/1.73 cm2 – highly reduced, lower than 15 ml/min/1.73 cm2 – terminal renal failure. Results and discussion. Average GFR(CKD-EPI) level in all age groups was 99,9 ml/min/1.73 cm2 . Average GFR(CKD-EPI) was 104.41 ml/min/1.73 cm2 in 25–34 age group. Male average GFR(CKD-EPI) levels in appropriate age groups were reliably higher comparing to female levels. Both male and female analyzed indicators turned out to be reliably lower in older group than in the younger one. 95.1 % of male participants at the age from 25 to 34 years old had GFR ≥ 90 ml/min/1.73 cm2 , while female indicator was 76.9 %. The indicators in the age group from 35–45 years old were: for males – 86.4 %, for females – 58.3 %. Both male and female groups at the age from 35 to 45 contained people with GFR < 60.ml/min/1.73 cm2 (2 men – 0,8 %; 1 woman – 0.4 %). While GFR calculating according to MDRD and CKD-EPI formulas two dissimilar results were revealed. The advantages of CKD-EPI formulas calculating for higher GFR indicators have been evidenced.

The described clinical case illustrates the fifteen years’ advance of the man on classical stages of a cardiovascular continuum caused by extremely low commitment to therapy with a debut of risk factors at 35-year age and the final at a stage of a systolic heart failure after a Q-positive myocardial infarction at the age of 50 years when, even in the conditions of a high compliance, therapeutic opportunities of tertiary prophylaxis of coronary heart disease are extremely limited.

Background: Our study aimed to assess the relationship between the parameters of the lipid profile, atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), anthropometry influence with the severity of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 in women. Material and methods. The study design was a cross-sectional study. The research included 138 women aged 29–82 years who had undergone a new coronavirus infection COVID-19 at least two months ago. Participants were divided into three groups by severity of infection: mild (n = 61), moderate (n = 70) and severe (n = 7). Body mass index, waistline and hip circumference, waistline circumference to hip circumference index, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, AIP were calculated. Statistical processing of the obtained results was carried out using the SPSS software package (version 20.0) using the Mann-Whitney test, univariate logistic regression analysis, Pearson chi-squared test. Results. The levels of HDL-cholesterol were significantly lower in group 3 compared with the level of HDL-cholesterol in women in group 2 (p2-3 = 0.046). BMI was higher in the moderately severe group compared to the mild one (26.32 [23.305; 30.4] versus 28.78 [24.72; 34.77], p1-2 = 0.026). Hip circumference was higher in patients with severe COVID-19 than in patients with mild course (104 [98; 112] versus 114 [109.5; 126], p1-3 = 0.039), AIP was higher in women with severe course compared to women with moderate and mild course (p1-3 = 0.043, p2-3 = 0.04). The results of the logistic regression analysis showed that the moderate course of COVID-19 is associated with BMI (OR = 1.09, 95 % CI 1.019–1.166, p1-2 = 0.012), and the severe course with WC (OR = 1.041, 95 % CI 1.001–1.084, p1-3 = 0.046), AIP value ≥ 0.11 (OR = 13.824, 95 % CI 1.505–126.964, p1-3 = 0.02; OR = 11,579, 95 % CI 1,266–105,219, p2-3 = 0.03) and HDL level < 40 mg/dl (OR = 14,750, 95 % CI 2,317–93,906, p1-3 = 0.004; OR = 8,000, 95 % CI 1,313– 48,538, p1-3 = 0.024). Conclusion. Patients from the group with moderate and severe course of the new coronavirus infection have higher body mass index, hip circumference, AIP, lower HDL values. The chance of a moderate course of COVID-19 is associated with an increased BMI value, and a severe course with WC, AIP ≥ 0.11 and HDL level < 40 mg/dl.