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98 results on '"A. C. Van Loenen"'

1. Imipenem-cilastatin for empirical therapy in neutropenic patients with fever: An open study in patients with hematologic malignancies

Author

A. C. Van Loenen, P. W. Wijermans, P. C. Huijgens, T. F. Weijers, E. C. M. Van Pampus, Gert J. Ossenkoppele, A M Simoons-Smit, and Mart M. A. C. Langenhuijsen

Subjects
Imipenem, medicine.medical_specialty, Neutropenia, Time Factors, Fever, medicine.drug_class, medicine.medical_treatment, Antibiotics, Internal medicine, polycyclic compounds, medicine, Humans, In patient, Intensive care medicine, Chemotherapy, Antibiotics, Antineoplastic, business.industry, Imipenem/cilastatin, Drug Resistance, Microbial, Hematology, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Hematologic Diseases, Open study, Cilastatin, business, Progressive disease, medicine.drug
Abstract

In adult neutropenic patients with hematological malignancies, we explored imipenem-cilastatin as empirical antibiotic therapy in a dose of 500 mg four times daily. Changing to second-line treatment was only resorted to if clinical deterioration, new infections or recurrence of fever occurred. A clinically or microbiologically documented infection was apparent in 115 of 150 episodes studied (76.7%). Imipenem-cilastatin was successful in 70.7% of all episodes and in 67.8% of all proven infections. Modification was necessary and successful in 22.0% of all episodes. 11 patients died while still febrile, 6 of them by infection (4%) and 5 because of progressive disease (3.3%). Imipenem-cilastatin is safe initial therapy in neutropenic febrile patients.

Published
2009

2. Choice of Comparator in Active Control Trials of New Drugs

Author

Frank W. J. Gribnau, Hubert G. M. Leufkens, Arie C. Van Loenen, and Johan C. F. Van Luijn

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Comparator, business.industry, Standard treatment, Alternative medicine, Clinical settings, Vascular medicine and diabetes [UMCN 2.2], Pharmacology, Active control, Control Groups, Clinical trial, Pharmaceutical Preparations, Humans, Medicine, media_common.cataloged_instance, Pharmacology (medical), Medical physics, European Union, European union, business, Drug Approval, Reimbursement, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, media_common
Abstract

Background: When choosing the active control group in a randomized that, it is important to maintain standard treatment for the therapeutic indication for which a medicine is studied. This choice is relevant not only for demonstrating the efficacy and safety of a new drug, but also for assessing Its place in therapy in comparison with existing medicines. Comparative information is important for decisions on prescribing and reimbursement. However, choosing the most suitable comparator is difficult when recommendations on drugs of first choice vary depending on clinical settings and times. Objective: To evaluate the choice of comparator in premarketing randomized active control trials (RaCTs) in comparison with recommendations lor standard treatment. Methods: We evaluated drugs that were authorized for use in the European Union market between 1999 and 2005. Information on active comparators in RaCTs was extracted from the European Public Assessment Reports and information on recommendations regarding standard treatment was retrieved from the annual editions of the Dutch reference book on pharmacotherapy. Data on prescribing and indications at the time of authorization and 3 years before authorization were included. The comparator was considered to be in line with standard treatment if there was a similarity in both active substance or therapeutic class and the dosage. Results: For 58 new medications identified, treatment in the active control group was in line with the recommended standard treatment in 108 of 153 (71%) RaCTs at the time of the drug's authorization; 47 (81%) of the new drugs had been compared with the recommended standard treatment in at least one trial. When dissimilarities occurred, none of the comparators had been recommended as standard treatment 3 years earlier (the supposed time of defining the trials' protocol). Conclusions: Most comparators in the premarketing RaCTs of new medicines were in line with the recommended standard treatment at the moment of marketing authorization. In view of this similarity, most of these trials are also fit for postmarketing decision-making on prescribing and on inclusion in clinical guidelines and reimbursement systems.

Published
2008

3. Population plasma pharmacokinetics of 11C-flumazenil at tracer concentrations

Author

Eleonora L. Swart, Catharina M. van Rij, Adriaan A. Lammertsma, Eric J.F. Franssen, Arie C. van Loenen, Alwin D. R. Huitema, and H. N. Greuter

Subjects
Adult, Flumazenil, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Coefficient of variation, Population, Urology, Population pharmacokinetics, Pharmacokinetics, TRACER, Covariate, medicine, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), GABA Modulators, education, Retrospective Studies, 11c flumazenil, Pharmacology, Depressive Disorder, education.field_of_study, Epilepsy, Chemistry, NONMEM, Models, Chemical, Area Under Curve, Positron-Emission Tomography, Anesthesia, Female
Abstract

Objective The objectives of the study were to develop a population pharmacokinetic model for 11C-flumazenil at tracer concentrations, to assess the effects of patient-related covariates and to derive an optimal sampling protocol for clinical use. Methods A population pharmacokinetic model was developed using nonlinear mixed effects modelling (NONMEM) with data obtained from 51 patients with either depression or epilepsy. Each patient received ∼370 MBq (1–4 µg) of 11C-flumazenil. The effects of selected covariates (gender, weight, type of disease and age) were investigated. The model was validated using a bootstrap method. Finally, an optimal sampling design was established. Results The population pharmacokinetics of tracer quantities of 11C-flumazenil were best described by a two compartment model. Type of disease and weight were identified as significant covariates (P

Published
2005

4. Toxicokinetics of nortriptyline and amitriptyline

Author

Pierre M. Bet, P W A Kunst, R J.M. Strack van Schijndel, A C van Loenen, Eric J.F. Franssen, Abraham J. Wilhelm, Pulmonology, Clinical pharmacology and pharmacy, Pulmonary medicine, APH - Mental Health, APH - Personalized Medicine, and Amsterdam Neuroscience - Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress & Sleep

Subjects
Adult, Amitriptyline, Metabolite, Nortriptyline, Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic, Pharmacology, Drug overdose, chemistry.chemical_compound, Pharmacokinetics, medicine, Humans, Toxicokinetics, Pharmacology (medical), Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Active metabolite, Immunoassay, chemistry.chemical_classification, business.industry, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, chemistry, Female, Drug Overdose, business, medicine.drug, Tricyclic
Abstract

Two cases are presented of intentional intoxications with the tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) nortriptyline (NT) and amitriptyline (AT). The peak plasma concentrations were 2290 microg/L and 2900 microg/L, respectively. The active metabolites E-10-hydroxynortriptyline (EHNT) and Z-10-hydroxynortriptyline (ZHNT) profiles were quite different as monitored for 5 to 10 days after presumed drug intake. In conclusion, these cases illustrate that (1) metabolite formation and elimination after intake of an overdose dose of NT and AT are stereoselective, and (2) NT and EHNT toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics are quite different. It also shows that a patient with a severe TCA overdose can still survive if he or she receives appropriate and quick supportive care, even if the prognostic markers QRS time, coma grade, and serum TCA levels predict poor outcome.

Published
2003

5. Amphotericin B colloidal dispersion (Amphocil) vs fluconazole for the prevention of fungal infections in neutropenic patients: Data of a prematurely stopped clinical trial

Author

Daan J Touw, Sonja Zweegman, Peter C. Huijgens, G J Timmers, A M Simoons-Smit, A. C. Van Loenen, Nanomedicine & Drug Targeting, Biopharmaceuticals, Discovery, Design and Delivery (BDDD), Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Critical care, Anesthesiology, Peri-operative and Emergency medicine (CAPE), Medicinal Chemistry and Bioanalysis (MCB), Hematology, CCA - Cancer biology and immunology, CCA - Imaging and biomarkers, CCA - Cancer Treatment and quality of life, Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, and Clinical pharmacology and pharmacy

Subjects
Adult, Male, Infusions, medicine.medical_specialty, Neutropenia, Time Factors, Adolescent, Survival, Nausea, Respiratory Tract Diseases, Gastroenterology, Amphotericin B, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Infusions, Intravenous, Fluconazole, Transaminases, Aged, Transplantation, Morphine, business.industry, Contraindications, Shivering, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Bilirubin, Hematology, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Mycoses, Consumer Product Safety, Hematologic Neoplasms, Anesthesia, Chemoprophylaxis, Vomiting, Female, Premedication, Chills, medicine.symptom, Intravenous, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

We conducted an open label, randomised clinical trial to compare amphotericin B colloidal dispersion (ABCD, Amphocil) 2 mg/kg/day intravenously with fluconazole 200 mg/day orally, for the prevention of fungal disease in neutropenic patients with haematological malignancies. In the event of unresolved fever after 4 days of empirical antibacterial therapy, patients in both treatment groups were to receive ABCD, 4 mg/kg/day. However, the study had to be stopped in an early phase, due to severe side-effects of ABCD. A total of 24 patients were enrolled, 12 patients were randomly assigned to receive prophylactic ABCD, which was administered for a mean of 13.9 days. Fluconazole prophylaxis was given to 12 patients for a mean of 21.2 days. Therapeutic ABCD, 4 mg/kg, was initiated in four patients because of suspected fungal infection, all of whom had initially received fluconazole. A high rate of infusion-related toxicity of ABCD was observed. Chills occurred in 15/16 ABCD recipients (94%), accompanied by a temperature rise of >/=2 degrees C in 4/16 patients and of >/=1 degrees C but

Published
2000

6. Stability of 10B-l-boronophenylalanine–fructose injection

Author

Arie C. van Loenen, Andrea Wittig, Catharina M. van Rij, Arno Sinjewel, Wolfgang Sauerwein, Otomar Kriz, and Abraham J. Wilhelm

Subjects
Boron Compounds, Pharmacology, Time Factors, Isotope, Chemistry, Drug Storage, Health Policy, Radiochemistry, Temperature, chemistry.chemical_element, Fructose, Neutron temperature, chemistry.chemical_compound, Neutron capture, Drug Stability, Infusions, Intravenous, Boron
Abstract

Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a promising technique for highly targeted tumor therapy.[1][1],[2][2] BNCT relies on the high cross-section of the nonradioactive isotope boron-10 to capture thermal neutrons, leading to the reaction 10B(n,α)7Li. This capture reaction first results in the

Published
2005

7. Intrathecal administration of high-dose morphine solutions decreases the pH of cerebrospinal fluid

Author

Emiel M. Spoelder, Eke N. Bakker, Arie C. Van Loenen, M. F. M. Wagemans, Wouter W.A. Zuurmond, and Jaap J. de Lange

Subjects
Lidocaine, medicine.drug_class, Pain, Epilepsies, Myoclonic, In Vitro Techniques, chemistry.chemical_compound, Cerebrospinal fluid, In vivo, Neoplasms, medicine, Humans, Injections, Spinal, Cerebrospinal Fluid, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Morphine, Local anesthetic, business.industry, Sodium metabisulfite, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Solutions, Catheter, Dose–response relationship, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Neurology, chemistry, Anesthesia, Neurology (clinical), business, medicine.drug
Abstract

Terminally ill patients suffering from intractable cancer pain are treated in our hospital on an outpatient basis with a percutaneous intrathecal (i.t.) catheter and a portable pump delivering morphine continuously. In a patient showing an increased demand of morphine the dose was raised from 1.5 to 2 mg/h, but pain intensity did not decrease. Subsequently a 1.5 ml dose of 5% lidocaine was administered; however, no motor or sensory block was observed. After controlling the catheter position and passage through the catheter, a sample of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was taken and the pH was measured. It was found to be outside the physiological range of 7.19 (normal range: 7.27-7.37), possibly explaining the decreased activity of the local anesthetic. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of morphine, with or without sodium metabisulfite, on pH in vitro, using artificial CSF (ACSF) and on pH in vivo during i.t. administration of morphine. An in vitro model was used to measure pH changes by adding a morphine solution (concentrations of 0.5, 2, 5 and 10 mg/ml) with and without sodium metabisulfite to ACSF solutions (Elliott B). Fourteen patients were consecutively selected for continuous administration of morphine. An i.t. catheter was inserted, tunnelled and connected with an external pump (Provider 5500, Abbott, Chicago, IL). CSF was aspirated and pH was measured with a blood-gas system (Ciba-Corning 288, Medfield, USA). In vitro, morphine solutions with or without sodium metabisulfite added to an Elliott B solution (pH = 7.47, 37 degrees C) caused a concentration-related decrease in pH.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Published
1995

8. Fourth meeting of the European Neurological Society 25–29 June 1994 Barcelona, Spain

Author

H. Hattig, C. Delli Pizzi, M. C. Addonizio, Michelle Davis, A. R. Giovagnoli, L. Florensa, M. Roth, J. de Kruijk, Francisco Lacruz, Ph. Dewailly, A. Toygar, C. Avendano, P.P. De Deyn, J. F. Hurtevent, F. Lomeila, T. W. Wong, Gordon T. Plant, M. Bud, H. J. Willison, DH Miller, D. W. Langdon, R. Cioni, J. Servan, A. Kaygisiz, E. Racadot, D. B. Schens, E. Picciola, L. Falip, C. Bouchard, J. Jotova, A. Jorge-Santamaria, P. Misra, A. Dufour, C. P. Panagopoulos, A. Venneri, B. Sredni, B. Angelard, M. Janelidze, M. Carreno, J. Obenberger, J. Pouget, H. W. Moser, R. Kaufmann, J. A. Molina, D. Linden, A. Martin Urda, E. Uvestad, A. Krone, J. P. Cochin, J. Mallecourt, A. Cambon-Thomsen, K. Violleau, P. Osschmann, A. M. Durocher, E. Bussaglia, D. M. Danielle, H. Efendi, C. Van Broeckhoven, K. G. Jordan, W. Rautenberg, C. Iniguez, J. M. Delgado, Graham Watson, M. Lawden, Gareth J. Barker, K. Stiasny, James T. Becker, G. Campanella, E. Peghi, A. Poli, A. Haddad, T. Yamawaki, Giacomo P. Comi, S. Sotgiu, B. Ersmark, A. Pomes, M. Ziegler, P. Ferrante, P. Ruppi, H. KuÇukoglu, R. Bouton, U. K. Rinne, P. Vieregge, M. Dary, P. Giunti, Peter J. Goadsby, S. Jung, E. Secor, A. Steinberg, N. Vila, M. A. Hernandez, M. Cursi, A. Enqelhardt, A. Engelhardt, J. Veitch, F. Di Silverio, F. Arnaud, B. Neundörfer, R. Brucher, Dominique Caparros-Lefebvre, B. Meyer, Marianne Dieterich, M. H. Snidaro, R. Gomez, R. Cerbo, M. Ragno, J. M. Vance, S. Nemni, A. Caliskan, F. Barros, I. Velcheva, D. Ceballos-Baumann, V. Barak, A. Avila, N. Antonova, F. Resche, S. Pappata, L. Varela, S. R. Silveira Santos, A. Cammarota, L. Naccache, Y. Nara, E. Tournier-Lasserves, R. Mobner, T. Chase, A. Ensenyat, J. Ulrich, G. Giegerich, M. Rother, M. Revilla, N. Nitschke, K. Honczarenko, E. Basart Tarrats, J. Blin, B. Jacob, J. Santamaria, S. Knezevic, J. L. Castillo, M. Antem, J. Colomer, O. Busse, Didier Hannequin, S. Carrier, J. B. Ruidavets, C. Rozman, J. Bogoussslavsky, J. Pascual Calvet, E. Monros, J. M. Polo, M. Zucconl, Javier Muruzabal, R. R. Allen, R. Rivolta, K. Haugaard, A. Nespolo, K. Hoang-Xuang, G. Bussone, T. Avramidis, E. Corsini, Christiana Franke, T. Vinogradova, H. Boot, K. Vestergaard, G. H. Jansen, N. Argentino, M. Raltzig, W. Linssen, Mark B. Pepys, P. Roblot, L. Lauritzen, E. Fainardi, D. Morin, T. X. Arbizu Urdiain, J. Wollenhaupt, S. Bostantjopoulou, G. Pavesi, A. D. Forman, Giovanni Fabbrini, D. Jean, J. J. Archelos, M. I. Blanchs, M. Del Gobbo, Anna Carla Turconi, Ch. Derouesné, Elio Scarpini, A. Visbeck, P. Castejon, J. P. Renou, F. Mounier-Vehier, G. Potagas, Ch. Duyckaerts, A. Filla, R. Schneider, G. Ronen, K. Nagata, J. P. Vedel, A. Henneberg, G. van Melle, C. Baratti, H. Knott, M. C. Prevett, A. Bes, B. Metin, Jos V. Reempts, L. Martorell, Mefkure Eraksoy, H. O. Handwerker, D. S. Younger, O. Oktem, D. Frongillo, C. Soriano-Soriano, L. Niehaus, F. Zipp, A. Tartaro, S Newman, R. H. Browne, P. Davous, R. Sanchez, M. Muros, M. E. Kornhuber, A. Lavarone, M. Mohr, M. R. Garcia, S. Russell, H. Kellar-Wood, M. R. Tola, B. Ostermeyer, Ch. Tzekov, K. Sartor, E. B. Ringelstein, P. P. Gazzaniga, Paul Krack, H. Fidaner, H. Rico, T. Dbaiss, F. Alameda, E. Torchiana, L. Rumbach, I. Charques, J. M. Bogaard, C. D. Frith, L. J. Rappelle, R. Brenner, A. Joutel, K. Fuxe, G. HÄcker, M. J. Blaser, J. Valls-SolÇ, G. Ulm, M. Alberdi, A. Bock, F. W. Bertelsmann, U. Wieshmann, J. Visa, J. R. Lupski, D. D'Amico, L. M. P. Ramos, A. A. Vanderbark, R. Horn, M. Warmuth, Dietmar Kühne, Mark S. Palmer, C. Ehrenheim, E. Canga, S. Viola, O. Scarpino, P. Naldi, R. Almeida, A. A. Raymond, J. Gamez, Stephan Arnold, A. DiGiovanni, J. Dalmau, C. C. Chari, H. F. Beer, J. C. Koetsier, J. Iriarte, E. Yunis, J. Casadevall, E. Le Guern, E. Stenager, S. R. Benbadis, J. M. Warter, F. Burklin, I. Theodorou, L. Johannesen, G. A. Graveland, X. Leclerc, I. Vecchio, L. Ozelius, G. Nicoletti, R. K. Gherardi, E. Esperet, M. L. Delodovici, F. Cattin, F. Paiau, Giorgio Sacilotto, C. A. J. Broere, D. Chavdarov, J. P. Willmer, C. H. Hawkes, Th. Naegele, E. Ellie, E. Dartigues, M. J. Guardiola, S. Hesse, Z. Levic, Marco Rovaris, P. Saugeir-Veber, B. A. Yaqub, H. F. Durwen, R. Larumbe, J. Ballabrina, M. Sendtner, J. Röther, M. Horstink, C. Kluglein, M.P. Montesi, H. Apaydin, J. Montoya, E. Waubant, Ch. Verellen-Dunoulin, A. Nicolai, J. Lopez-Delval, R. Lemon, G. Cantinho, E. Granieri, A. Zeviani, Wolfgang H. Oertel, U. Ficola, V. Di Piero, V. Fragola, K. Sabev, M. V. Guitera, I. Turki, F. Bolgert, P. Ingrand, J. M. Gobernado, L. M. E. Grimaldi, S. Baybas, B. Eymard, Y. Rolland, Y. Robitaille, Ta. Pampols, P. J. Koehler, A. Carroacedo, J. Vilchez, S. Di Vittorio, I. R. Rise, T. Nagy, M. Kuffner, E. Palazzini, A. Ott, J. Pruim, T. X. Arbizu, E. Manetti, C. Cervera, S. Felber, G. Gursoy, J. Scholz, G. A. Buscaino, M. S. Chen, A. Pascual, J. Hazan, J. U. Gajda, J. G. Cea, G. Bottini, G. Damalik, F. Le Doze, G. Bonaldi, J. M. Hew, C. Messina, A. M. Kennedy, J. M. Carney, N. M. F. Murray, M. Parent, M. Koepp, V. Dimova, D. De Leo, K. Jellinger, G. Salemi, S. Mientus, M. L. Hansen, F. Mazzucchelli, J. Vieth, M. Mauri, E. Bartels, L. Johannsen, C. Humphreys, J. Emile, D. N. Landon, E. Kansu, R. Sanchez-Pernaute, Rsj Frackowiak, M. Gonzalez Torres, L. Oller, C. Machedo, J. Kother, M. Billiard, H. Durak, T. Schindler, A. Frank, A. Uncini, A. Sbriccoli, C. Farinas, D. W. Paty, N. Fast, A. T. Zangaladze, A. Kerkhofs, J. M. Pino Garcia, I. De la Fuente, B. Marini, L. Gomez, I. Rubio, Alessandra Bardoni, C. Brodie, P. Acin, U. Sliwka, S. A. Hawkins, S. Tardieu, F. Vitullo, J. M. Pereira Monteino, R. Gagliardi, T. Jezewski, A. Cano, T. Lempert, F. Abad Alegria, G. Rotondo, D. Ince, C. Martinez Parra, Y. Huang, H. Luders, Y. Steinvil, F. G. A. Van Der Meche, R. Bianchi, A. Sanchez, T. Sevilla, J. M. Ketelslegers, A. Domzal-Stryga, M. Pandolfo, M. O. Josse, K. W. Neff, I. Blanco, G. W. Bruyn, O. W. Witte, J. L. Thibault, G. Andersen, J. Pariset, A. Marcone, R. J. M. Lane, A. Hofman, M. Verin, T. Matilla, P. Bedoucha, J. Roche, M. Lai, M. Collard, A. Ugarte, F. Gallecho, D. Silbersweig, C. Kennard, J. P. Azulay, T. W. Ho, P. L. I. Dellemijn, R. Girardello, F. Baas, B. Voss, F. Rozenberg, E. M. Brocker, V. Stanev, A. A. J. Soeterboek, A. Marra, A. Rey, E. Ertem, M. Sawradewicz-Rybak, J. De Keyser, P. Cavallari, F. Proust, Y. Chevalier, H. C. Hansen, D. Leys, C. A. Davie, K. Hoang-Xuan, C. Bairati, H. van Crevel, Thomas T. Warner, B. Bompais, A. Dobbeleir, T Campbell, C. Macko, C. J. M. Klijn, M. Dussallant, T. P. Berlit, W. Rozenbaum, M. J. van den Bent, W. A. Rocca, M. Muller, H. Hundemer, U. Zifko, M. Campera, F. Drislane, D. Ranoux, T. M. Kloss, Anil Kumar, I. Ruolt, C. Bargnani, B. Marescau, N. A. Losseff, S. Notermans, B. Kint, E. T. Burke, C. Aykut, J. Matias Guiu, P. Maquet, T. Drogendijk, M. Leone, K. von Ammon, M. Pepeliarska, C. Prados, L. DiGiamberardino, T. Logtenberg, G. Lenoir, I. Castaldo, Damhaut, M. Radionova, G. Sirabian, R. Navon, Giovanni Antonini, K. Al Moutaery, E. Chamas, R. Schönhuber, M. Giannini, B. Debilly, I. Labatut, H. Henon, J. A. Egido, M. Baudrimont, J. N. Lorenzo, J. E. C. Bromberg, R. Antonacci, J. J. Vilchez, T. Moulin, B. Rautenstrauss, Giovanni Meola, J. Noth, S Mammi, P. Laforet, F. Lopez, C. Gehring, S. Bort, G. Rancurel, D. Decamps, S. Kostadinova, Y. Shapira, B. Neundoerfer, D. Chavrot, M. Solimena, J. P. Salier, W. Deberdt, R. Hoff-Jörgensen, A. Messina, S. Meairs, G. Rosoklija, E. Nelis, I. Bertran, C. Ertekin, J. Lohmeyer, Mitermayer Galvao dos Reis, L. Calo, E. Maccagnano, A. P. Hays, J. Verlooy, M. G. Forno, T. Blanco, L. Bail, Gabriella Silvestri, J. Montero, F. Bertrand, R. T. Ghnassia, C. Besses, T. Sereghy, F. Shalit, G. Bogliun, S. Braghi, St. Baykouchev, C. Franke, A. Lasa, L. C. Archard, J. Kriebel, S. Shaunak, M. Nocito, Alexander Tsiskaridze, E. Manfredini, T. Seigal, David G. Gadian, M. Barlas, J. D. Degos, C. Seeber, J. Caemert, J. L. Mas, R. B. Pepinsky, M. G. D'Angelo, N. Baumann, S. Yorifuji, H. P. Endtz, M. A. Cassatella, R. A. C. Hughes, V. Golzi, A. Bittencourt, A. Ferreira, M. Sanson, C. Alper, M. Vermeulen, M. A. A. van Walderveen, E. Alexiou, C. H. Lucas, M. Fiorelli, Y. N. Debbink, R. Gil, S. Congia, T. Banerjee, J. M. Bouchard, A. N. Pinto, A. Ceballos-Baumann, G. Grollier, P. I. M. Schmitz, M. D. Catata, N. Lahat, N. S. Rao, P. Papathanasopoulos, J. Valls-Solé, D. Claus, G. Schroter, A. Castro, C. Videbaek, R. Martinez Dreke, A. D. Platts, M. Hermesl, A. C. PeÇanha-Martins, M. Cardoso Silva, P. Masnou, M. J. A. Tanner, Ch. Confavreux, B. Mishu, H. Rasmussen, L. Valenciano, Carlo Pozzilli, S. W. Li, V. Salzman, Y. Vashtang, Massimo Franceschi, M. Severo, G. Deuschl, S. Setien, G. Mariani, A. Protti, J. Castillo, M. J. B. Taphoorn, M. Frontali, I. Milonas, D. Decoq, J. A. Navarro, S. Castellvi-Pel, C. Ertikin, M. Urtasun, Y. Lajat, B. E. Kendall, E. Verdu, B. Gueguen, E. Boisen, R. Couderc, A Danek, JM Stevens, F. Nicoli, L. Feltri, M. L. Vazquez-Andre, J. A. Morgan-Hughes, L. D'Angelo, F. Y. Liew, L. F. Pascual, J. Patrignani Ochoa, Vittorio Martinelli, J. Cophignon, L. Zhang, S. Martin, J. F. Meder, H. C. Buschmann, L. Bertin, J. van Gijn, A. Barreiro, A. Cools, C. Leon, A. Berod, E. A. Anllo, E. Zanette, L. Petrov, R. Barona, B. Gallicchio, P. J. Cozzone, N. Diederich, G. Cancel, L. Schelosky, P. Orizaola, K. Yulug, S. Ozer, Valeria A. Sansone, B. Guiraud-Chaumeil, K. Voigt, P. Labauge, M. Eoli, J. Zhu, J. Aguirre, M. Ferrarini, B. Zyluk, E. Planas, A. Cadilha, C. Tortorella, H. Bismuth, C. E. Counsell, A. Laun, A. Ferlini, Rio J. Montalban, N. Biary, L. Becker, M. Fardeau, M. Poloni, V. M. S. de Bruin, C. Fornada, J. Barros, E. Ganzmann, E. Touze, D. Wallach, J. Peila, H. Fujimura, M. T. Iba-Zizen, G. Macchi, C. Villoslada, R. Gouider, Ph. Rondepierre, P. Grummich, P. Chiodi, C. Conte, M. Michels, P. Annunziata, G. Semana, C. Sommer, J. Vajsar, D. Zekin, J. Kulisevsky, David G. Munoz, B. Jacotot, M. 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Santoro, J. Roda, A. Bordoni, D. J. Taylor, S. Ertas, H. H. Emmen, J. Vichez, V. BesanÇon, R. E. Passingham, M. L. Malosio, A. Vérier, M. Bamberg, A. W. Hansen, E. Mostacero, G. Gaudriault, Marie Vidailhet, B. Birebent, K. Strijckmans, F. Giannini, T. Kammer, I. Araujo, J. Nowicki, E. Nikolov, A. Hutzelmann, R. Gherardi, J. Verroust, L. Austoni, A. Scheller, A. Vazquez, S. Matheron, H. Holthausen, J. M. Gerard, M. Bataillard, S. Dethy, V. H. Patterson, V. Ivanez, N. P. Hirsch, F. Ozer, M. Sutter, C. Jacomet, M. Mora, Bruno Colombo, A. Sarropoulos, T. H. Papapetropoulos, M. Schwarz, D. S. Dinner, N. Acarin, B. Iandolo, J. O. Riis, P. R. J. Barnes, F. Taroni, J. Kazenwadel, L. Torre, A. Lugaresi, I. L. Henriques, S. Pauli, S. Alfonso, Pedro Quesada, A. S. T. Planting, J. M. Castilla, Thomas Gasser, M. Van der Linden, A. Alfaro, E. Nobile-Orazio, G. Popova, W. Vaalburg, F. G. A. van der Mech, L. Williams, F. Medina, J. P. Vernant, J. Yaouanq, B. Storch-Hagenlocher, A. Potemkowski, R. Riva, M. H. Mahagne, M. Ozturk, Ve. Drory, N. Konic, C. Jungreis, A. Pou Serradell, J. L. Gauvrit, G. J. Chelune, S. Hermandez, T. Dingus, L. Hewer, Ch. Koch, M. N. Metz-Lutz, G. Parlato, M. Sinaki, Charles Pierrot-Deseilligny, H. C. Diener, J. Broeckx, J. Weill-Fulazza, M. L. Villar, M. Rizzo, O. Ganslandt, C. Duran, N. A. Fletcher, G. Di Giovacchino, Susan T. Iannaccone, C. Kolig, N. Fabre, H. A. Crockard, Rita Bella, M. Tazir, E. Papagiannuli, K. Overgaard, Emma Ciafaloni, I. Lorenzetti, F. Viader, P. A. H. Millac, I. Montiel, L. H. Visser, M. Palomar, P. L. Murgia, H. Pedersen, Rafael Blesa, S. Seddigh, W. O. Renier, I. Lemahieu, H. M. L. Jansen, L. Rosin, J. Galofre, K. Mattos, M. Pondal, G. M. Hadjigeorgiou, D. Francis, L. Cantin, D. Stegeman, M. Rango, A. B. M. F. Karim, S. Schraff, B. Castellotti, I. Iriarte, E. Laborde, T. J. Tjan, R. Mutani, D. Toni, B. Bergaasco, J. G. Young, C. Klotzsch, A. Zincone, X. Ducrocq, M. Uchuya, O. J. Kolar, A. Quattrone, T. Bauermann, Nereo Bresolin, J. Vallée, B. C. Jacobs, A. Campos, Werner Poewe, J. A. Villanueva, A. W. Kornhuber, A. Malafosse, E. Diez-Tejedor, G. Jungreia, M. J. A. Puchner, A. Komiyama, O. Saribas, V. Volpini, L. Geremia, S. Bressi, A. Nibbio, Timothy E. Bates, T. z. Tzonev, E. Ideman, G. A. Damlacik, G. Martino, G. Crepaldi, T. Martino, Kjell Någren, E. Idiman, D. Samuel, J. M. Perez Trullen, Y. van der Graaf, J. O. Thorell, M. J. M. Dupuis, E. Sieber, R. D'Alessandro, C. Cazzaniga, J. Faiss, A. Tanguy, A. Schick, I. Hoksergen, A. Cardozo, R. Shakarishvili, G. K. Wennlng, J. L. Marti-Vilalta, J. Weissenbach, I. L. Simone, Amalia C. Bruni, Darius J. Adams, C. Weiller, A. Pietrangeli, F. Croria, C. Vigo-Pelfrey, Patricia Limousin, A. Ducros, G. Conti, O. Lindvall, E. Richter, M. Zuffi, A. Nappo, T. Riise, J. Wijdenes, M. J. Fernandez, J. Rosell, P. Vermersh, S. Servidei, M. S. C. Verdugo, F. Gouttiere, W. Solbach, M. Malbezin, I. S. Watanabe, A. Tumac, W. I. McDonald, D. A. Butterfield, P. P. Costa, F. deRino, F. Bamonti, J. M. Cesar, C. H. Lahoz, I. Mosely, M. Starck, M. H. Lemaitre, K. M. Stephan, S. Tex, R. Bokonjic, I. Mollee, L. Pastena, M. Gutierrez, F. Boiler, M. C. Martinez-Para, M. Velicogna, O. Obuz, A. Grinspan, M. Guarino, L. M. Cartier, E. Ruiz, D. Gambi, S. Messina, M. Villa, Michael G. Hanna, J. Valk, Leone Pascual, M. Clanet, Z. Argov, B. Ryniewicz, E. Magni, B. Berlanga, K. S. Wong, C. Gellera, C. Prevost, F. Gonzalez-Huix, R. Petraroli, J. E. G. Benedikz, I. Kojder, C. Bommelaer, L. Perusse, M. R. Bangioanni, Guy M. McKhann, A. Molina, C. Fresquet, E. Sindern, Florence Pasquier, M. J. Rosas, M. Altieri, O. Simoncini, M. Koutroumanidis, C. A. F. Tulleken, M. Dary-Auriol, S. Oueslati, H. Kruyer, I. Nishisho, C. R. Horning, A. Vital, G. V. Czettritz, J. Ph. Neau, B. Mihout, A. Ameri, M. Francis, S. Quasthoff, D. Taussig, S. Blunt, P. Valentin, C. Y. Gao, O. Heinzlef, H. d'Allens, C. Coudero, M. Erfas, G. Borghero, P. J. Modrego Pardo, M. C. Patrosso, N. L. Gershfeld, P. A. J. M. Boon, O. Sabouraud, M. Lara, J. Svennevig, G. L. Lenzi, A. Barrio, H. Villaroya, JosÇ M. Manubens, O. Boespflug-Tanguy, M. Carreras, D. A. Costiga, J. P. Breux, S. Lynn, C. Oliveras Ley, A. G. Herbaut, J. Nos, C. Tornali, Y. A. Hekster, J. L. Chopard, J. M. Manubens, P. Chemouilli, A. Jovicic, F. Dworzak, S. Smirne, S. E. Soudain, B. Gallano, D. Lubach, G. Masullo, G. Izquierdo, A. Pascual Leone Pascual, A. Sessa, V. Freitas, O. Crambes, L. Ouss, G. W. Van Dijk, P. Marchettini, P. Confalonieri, M. Donaghy, A. Munnich, M. Corbo, and M. E. L. van der Burg

Subjects
Neurology, business.industry, Media studies, Library science, Medicine, Neurology (clinical), business
Published
1994

9. 4-Aminopyridine induces functional improvement in multiple sclerosis patients: A neurophysiological study

Author

F. W. Bertelsmann, R.L.M. Strijers, A. C. Van Loenen, M.M.M.M. van Dongen, J. C. Koetsier, J.J.P. Nauta, H.A.M. van Diemen, and Chris H. Polman

Subjects
Adult, Male, Multiple Sclerosis, Eye Movements, Central nervous system, Neural Conduction, Context (language use), Double-Blind Method, medicine, Humans, 4-Aminopyridine, Aged, business.industry, Multiple sclerosis, Eye movement, Middle Aged, Neurophysiology, medicine.disease, Pursuit, Smooth, Electrophysiology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Neurology, Injections, Intravenous, Evoked Potentials, Visual, Female, Neurology (clinical), business, Neuroscience, medicine.drug
Abstract

This study reports on the neurophysiological measurements that were performed in the context of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study with intravenously administered 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) in 70 patients with definite multiple sclerosis (MS). A beneficial effect of 4-AP was found for both visual evoked response and eye movement registration parameters. This study extends the experimental data obtained on animal nerve fibers, showing that 4-AP can improve impulse conduction in demyelinated nerve, to clinical data which indicate that 4-AP induces an objective improvement in the central nervous system function in MS-patients. It thereby also provides a theoretical basis for clinical efficacy of 4-AP in MS.

Published
1993

10. A Double-Blind Randomized Crossover Study to Compare the Antiemetic Efficacy of 250 mg with 500 mg Methylprednisolone Succinate (Solu-Medrol) as a Single Intravenous Dose in Patients Treated with Noncisplatin Chemotherapy

Author

H.E. Gall, C.J. van Groeningen, H.M. Pinedo, J.H.E. Brenninkmeijer, R. C. Pieters, R.E.N. van Rijswijk, Jan B. Vermorken, A. C. Van Loenen, and J. J. P. Nauta

Subjects
Adult, Male, Cancer Research, Dose, medicine.drug_class, medicine.medical_treatment, law.invention, Double-Blind Method, Randomized controlled trial, law, Neoplasms, medicine, Humans, Antiemetic, Retching, Methylprednisolone Hemisuccinate, Aged, Chemotherapy, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, business.industry, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Crossover study, Oncology, Methylprednisolone, Anesthesia, Injections, Intravenous, Vomiting, Antiemetics, Female, medicine.symptom, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

A double-blind randomized crossover study was performed in 56 chemotherapy-naive patients, all receiving non-cisplatin-based chemotherapy, to compare the antiemetic effects of 2 doses of a single administration of methylprednisolone succinate (Solu-Medrol): 250 versus 500 mg. Among the 39 patients who satisfactorily completed both parts of the study, complete and major protection from emesis (0 and 1 emetic episode or only retching) was observed in 79% during the first course and in 69% during the second course. Treatment failure (> or = 6 episodes of vomiting) was observed in 18% during the first course and 21% during the second course. There was no significant difference between the two dose levels neither in terms of antiemetic protection nor in terms of the occurrence of side effects nor in patient preference. Most important side effects were facial flushing (45%), headache (22%) and facial edema (18%). It is concluded that, although a comparison with lower dosages cannot be made, within the dose range studied no clear dose-response relationship could be found.

Published
1993

11. Suramin: rapid loading and weekly maintenance regimens for cancer patients

Author

E. Meijer, John Wagstaff, A. C. Van Loenen, R.E.N. van Rijswijk, Jan J. Heimans, C.J. van Groeningen, R. Lopez, Herbert M. Pinedo, and VU University medical center

Subjects
Adult, Male, Drug, Cancer Research, Continuous infusion, medicine.medical_treatment, media_common.quotation_subject, Suramin, Pharmacology, Drug Administration Schedule, Neoplasms, Ambulatory Care, medicine, Humans, Dosing, Infusions, Intravenous, Aged, media_common, Chemotherapy, business.industry, Cancer, Half-life, Bayes Theorem, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Regimen, Oncology, Female, business, Half-Life, medicine.drug
Abstract

PURPOSE Suramin is an anticancer agent with a narrow therapeutic window and a terminal half-life of 45 to 55 days. These characteristics make it necessary to control accurately the serum concentrations of the drug. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to develop a rapid loading regimen, followed by weekly administration of suramin to maintain serum concentrations of between 150 and 300 micrograms/mL for 8 weeks. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eligible patients were treated with five different loading regimens. Initially, weekly maintenance doses were estimated manually by the treating physician. Subsequently, computer-assisted dosing that used Bayesian pharmacokinetic modeling was used. RESULTS Thirty-eight courses of suramin that were administered to 35 patients were studied. The optimal loading regimen consisted of a continuous infusion of 600 mg/m2 during a 24-hour period, which resulted in a mean serum concentration of 319 micrograms/mL. Potentially toxic concentrations that were observed with shorter infusions were avoided. Maintenance treatment, which used the weekly administration of suramin during a 6-hour period, seemed to be able to maintain mean suramin serum trough concentrations of 150 micrograms/mL, while preventing mean peak concentrations of more than 300 micrograms/mL. The use of Bayesian pharmacokinetics was superior to manual estimation in tailoring the optimal dose to the therapeutic window. CONCLUSIONS Continuous infusion is the optimal way of delivering suramin during the loading phase. To maintain trough levels and peak levels within a narrower therapeutic window, suramin will have to be administered more frequently than once a week. Bayesian modeling based on individual serum levels and population pharmacokinetics allows accurate dosing to maintain suramin levels within the therapeutic window.

Published
1992

12. Sorption of various drugs in polyvinyl chloride, glass, and polyethylene-lined infusion containers

Author

P. N. F. C. de Goede, H. J. M. Martens, and A. C. van Loenen

Subjects
Pharmacology, Polypropylene, Chromatography, Thiopental Sodium, Warfarin Sodium, Health Policy, Promethazine Hydrochloride, Polyvinyl chloride, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Anesthesia, medicine, Isosorbide dinitrate, Drug packaging, Nitroglycerin, medicine.drug
Abstract

The sorption of chloroquine sulfate, diazepam, isosorbide dinitrate, lorazepam, midazolam, nitroglycerin, promethazine hydrochloride, thiopental sodium, and warfarin sodium to three types of containers was studied. Appropriate amounts of the drugs were added to 500 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride injection in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) bags, glass bottles, and Clear-Flex bags composed of a laminate of polyethylene, nylon, and polypropylene. The containers were stored in the dark at room temperature for 24 hours. Samples were taken at various intervals and assayed for drug concentration by high-performance liquid chromatography. There were no appreciable changes in pH after 24 hours, and all the admixtures remained clear and colorless. The potency of chloroquine sulfate, lorazepam, midazolam, promethazine hydrochloride, and thiopental sodium remained unchanged in glass, PVC, and Clear-Flex containers. Diazepam, isosorbide dinitrate, nitroglycerin, and warfarin sodium did not show any sorption to glass bottles and Clear-Flex bags. In PVC bags, however, up to 55% of diazepam, 23% of isosorbide dinitrate, 51% of nitroglycerin, and 24% of warfarin sodium was lost during the 24-hour study period. Diazepam, isosorbide dinitrate, nitroglycerin, and warfarin sodium in 0.9% sodium chloride injection showed a loss of potency when stored in PVC containers for 24 hours at room temperature, but none of the drugs studied lost potency when stored in glass bottles and Clear-Flex bags.

Published
1990

13. Boron neutron capture therapy for glioblastoma multiforme

Author

Wolfgang Sauerwein, Arie C. van. Loenen, Catharina M. van Rij, and Abraham J. Wilhelm

Subjects
Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Pharmaceutical Science, Boron Neutron Capture Therapy, Pharmacy, Toxicology, Sodium Borocaptate, Internal medicine, medicine, Malignant cells, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Pharmacology, Chemotherapy, business.industry, Brain Neoplasms, High ability, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Clinical trial, Neutron capture, Treatment Outcome, Current management, business, Glioblastoma
Abstract

Aim: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an incurable disease that can only be managed in a palliative way. The GBM accounts for approximately half of all newly diagnosed primary brain tumors with an incidence of 2–3 cases per 100,000 people each year. Surgery and radiation are the standard options for palliation, and whether there is a place for chemotherapy is still discussed. Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a promising and possibly curative method of treating GBM. The purpose of this article is to provide an updated review on the current management and future possibilities of treating GBM with BNCT. Method: Use was made of computerized searches and of checking cross-references of articles and book chapters. Results: The principle of BNCT uses the high ability of 10B to capture thermal neutrons and to disintegrate immediately into a He nucleus (α-particle) and a Li nucleus. To reach a sufficient concentration of 10B in the malignant cells compared to the surrounding healthy tissue, 10B-carriers must be highly tumor-selective. At present, the 10B carriers boronophenylalanine (BPA) and sodium borocaptate (BSH) are used in clinical trials to perform BNCT. Conclusion: The BNCT is a promising and possibly curative method of treating GBM, but at present this procedure is far from perfect. Because of the lack of selectivity of the boron carriers, it appears so far that radiation toxicity limits the radiation dose, so that tumor damage is modest. Current investigations and developments are aimed at targeting the boron carriers to the tumor, in order to limit the damage to the healthy, surrounding tissue.

Published
2005

14. [Medicinal cannabis for diseases of the nervous system: no convincing evidence of effectiveness]

Author

J, Killestein, P M, Bet, A C, van Loenen, and C H, Polman

Subjects
Treatment Outcome, Muscle Spasticity, Plant Extracts, Humans, Pain, Nervous System Diseases, Safety, Cannabis, Phytotherapy
Abstract

In 1996, the Netherlands Health Council issued a negative recommendation regarding the use of medication on the basis of cannabis (marihuana). However, interest in medicinal cannabis has certainly not waned since. --The neurological diseases for which cannabis could presently be used therapeutically are: multiple sclerosis, chronic (neuropathic) pain and the syndrome of Gilles de la Tourette. --Since September 2003, the Dutch Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport delivers medicinal cannabis to Dutch pharmacies, so that now for the first time, medicinal cannabis can be given to patients on a prescription basis within the framework of the Opium Law. The result of this is that doctors and patients now assume that this is a medication for which the efficacy and safety have been established. --The question arises whether new scientific data have become available since 1996 that provide scientific support for the current Governmental policy. --In a recent clinical trial that has aroused much discussion, patients with multiple sclerosis and problematic spasticity were treated with oral cannabis or a placebo. There was no significant effect of treatment on the primary outcome measure, i.e. objectively determined spasticity. Nevertheless, it was concluded that the mobility was improved and that the pain was subjectively decreased. --Until now, convincing scientific evidence that cannabinoids are effective in neurological conditions is still lacking. --However, it is also not possible to conclude definitely that cannabinoids are ineffective; still, this is no basis for official stimulation of their use.

Published
2004

15. Compatibility of midazolam hydrochloride and lorazepam with selected drugs during simulated Y-site administration

Author

A. C. van Loenen, Eleonora L. Swart, and R. A. G. Mooren

Subjects
Pharmacology, medicine.drug_class, business.industry, Midazolam, Health Policy, Lorazepam, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Drug interaction, Drug Incompatibility, Hypnotic, Anti-Anxiety Agents, Pharmaceutical Preparations, Anesthesia, medicine, Midazolam hydrochloride, Chemical Precipitation, Humans, Hypnotics and Sedatives, business, medicine.drug
Published
1995

16. The treatment of complex regional pain syndrome type I with free radical scavengers: A randomized controlled study

Author

Wouter W.A. Zuurmond, J.J. de Lange, A. J. Zuidhof, Roberto S.G.M. Perez, A. C. Van Loenen, D. J. Kuik, P. D. Bezemer, APH - Methodology, APH - Personalized Medicine, CCA - Cancer Treatment and quality of life, AII - Inflammatory diseases, Anesthesiology, Epidemiology and Data Science, and Human genetics

Subjects
Adult, Male, Subgroup analysis, Placebo, Statistics, Nonparametric, law.invention, Randomized controlled trial, Double-Blind Method, law, medicine, Outpatient clinic, Humans, Dimethyl Sulfoxide, Analysis of Variance, Chi-Square Distribution, business.industry, Free Radical Scavengers, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Acetylcysteine, Clinical trial, Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Complex regional pain syndrome, Neurology, Anesthesia, Regression Analysis, Female, Neurology (clinical), Analysis of variance, business, Chi-squared distribution, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

To compare the effects of two free radical scavengers, dimethylsulfoxide 50% (DMSO) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC), for treatment of complex regional pain syndrome I (CRPS I), a randomized, double-dummy controlled, double-blind trial was conducted. Two outpatient clinics of two university hospitals in The Netherlands participated in the study and 146 patients, were included over a period of 24 months. Patients were randomized into two treatment groups, one was instructed to apply DMSO 50% five times daily to the affected extremity, the second was treated with NAC 600mg effervescent tablets three times daily, both combined with placebo. Interventions were accompanied by pain medication, occupational therapy for upper extremity CRPS I and physical therapy for lower extremity CRPS I in specific circumstances. Treatment was given for 17 weeks, with a possibility to continue or switch medication after this period, up to 1 year following the onset of treatment. An impairment level sum score was the primary outcome measure. Upper and lower extremity skills and functions, and general health status were also evaluated. Overall, no significant differences were found between NAC and DMSO after 17 and 52 weeks on impairment level and general health status. Significant differences were found for subscores of lower extremity function, in favor of DMSO-treatment. Subgroup analysis showed more favorable results for DMSO for warm CRPS I and significantly better performance of NAC for patients with a cold CRPS I. Results tended to be negatively influenced if the duration of the complaint was longer. Treatment with DMSO and NAC are generally equally effective in treatment of CRPS I. Strong indications exist for differences in effects for subgroups of patients with warm or cold CRPS I: for warm CRPS I, DMSO-treatment appears more favorable, while for cold CRPS I, NAC-treatment appears to be more effective.

Published
2003

17. Safety, tolerability, and efficacy of orally administered cannabinoids in MS

Author

Chris H. Polman, Joep Killestein, Bernard M. J. Uitdehaag, E.L.J. Hoogervorst, M. Reif, A. C. Van Loenen, P. G.M. Staats, R. W. Gorter, and N. F. Kalkers

Subjects
Multiple Sclerosis, Health Status, Administration, Oral, Placebo, law.invention, Randomized controlled trial, Double-Blind Method, law, mental disorders, Medicine, Humans, Dronabinol, Adverse effect, Cannabis, Pain Measurement, Cross-Over Studies, biology, business.industry, Cannabinoids, Plant Extracts, organic chemicals, food and beverages, Middle Aged, biology.organism_classification, Crossover study, Clinical trial, Treatment Outcome, Tolerability, Muscle Spasticity, Anesthesia, Muscle Tonus, Sample Size, Neurology (clinical), business
Abstract

The authors conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, twofold crossover study in 16 patients with MS who presented with severe spasticity to investigate safety, tolerability, and efficacy of oral Delta(9)-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and Cannabis sativa plant extract. Both drugs were safe, but adverse events were more common with plant-extract treatment. Compared with placebo, neither THC nor plant-extract treatment reduced spasticity. Both THC and plant-extract treatment worsened the participant's global impression.

Published
2002

19. Antibiotic concentrations in the groin wound after vascular prosthetic implantation

Author

H. J. M. Martens, G. A. Vos, A. J. C. Mackaay, F. C. Bakker, A. C. Van Loenen, and J. A. Rauwerda

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.drug_class, Premedication, Antibiotics, Ceftazidime, Groin, Pharmacokinetics, Blood vessel prosthesis, medicine, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), In patient, Aged, Pharmacology, Cefuroxime, business.industry, Middle Aged, Blood Vessel Prosthesis, Surgery, medicine.anatomical_structure, Anesthesia, Female, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

The kinetics of systemically and locally administered cefuroxime or ceftazidime in wound fluid were investigated in the period after vascular prosthetic implantation. Cefuroxime or ceftazidime was administered intravenously in patients. Simultaneously 250 mg ceftazidime or cefuroxime was added to preclotted blood. Locally administered antibiotics could not be detected in our samples. In groin fluid samples 24-48 h after the operation the average concentration of cefuroxime was 8.3 and of ceftazidime 5.0 mg/l. The decline of the concentration of cefuroxime or ceftazidime in groin fluid seems to be much slower than one would expect from the half-lives of the antibiotics. We conclude that cefuroxime and to a lesser extent ceftazidime are suitable as prophylactic agents in arterial reconstruction.

Published
1991

20. Continuous infusion of lorazepam versus medazolam in patients in the intensive care unit: sedation with lorazepam is easier to manage and is more cost-effective

Author

Eleonora L. Swart, R. J. M. S. Van Schijndel, A C van Loenen, and L. G. Thijs

Subjects
Adult, Male, Time Factors, Critical Care, medicine.drug_class, Sedation, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Midazolam, Conscious Sedation, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Lorazepam, Drug Costs, law.invention, Randomized controlled trial, Double-Blind Method, law, Cost Savings, mental disorders, medicine, Humans, Hypnotics and Sedatives, In patient, Infusions, Intravenous, Aged, Neurologic Examination, business.industry, Middle Aged, Intensive care unit, Respiration, Artificial, Clinical trial, Therapeutic Equivalency, Sedative, Anesthesia, Female, medicine.symptom, Drug Monitoring, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

To evaluate the effectiveness of lorazepam and midazolam for long-term sedation of critically ill, mechanically ventilated patients.Double-blind, randomized, controlled study.Medical intensive care unit in a university teaching hospital.Sixty-four evaluable adult patients admitted to the intensive care department requiring mechanical ventilation for3 days.Patients were randomized to receive blinded solutions of either lorazepam or midazolam by continuous infusion. The lowest dose that achieved an adequate sedation was infused. The maximum dose allowed for each drug was 60 mg/hr for midazolam and 4 mg/hr for lorazepam. Sedation was assessed initially and at least every 8 hrs thereafter on a seven-point scale if the sedation was adequate and every 2 hrs if it was not.Measurements included the score on the sedation scale, the time between determination of the desired level of sedation and the achievement of that level, and plasma concentrations. It is significantly easier to reach a desired level of sedation with lorazepam than with midazolam. No difference in recovery was found in the 24 hrs after discontinuation of therapy. The fact that there are many factors influencing midazolam pharmacokinetics may explain the more difficult management of desired sedation levels. The equipotent dose of 10 mg of midazolam proved to be 0.7 mg of lorazepam in long-term sedation. The average cost for therapy with midazolam was approximately ten times more than that with lorazepam.Lorazepam is a useful alternative to midazolam for the long-term sedation of patients in the medical intensive care unit and provides easier management of the sedation level. Sedation with lorazepam offers a significant cost-savings.

Published
1999

21. Fluconazole versus itraconazole for the prevention of fungal infections in haemato-oncology

Author

Peter C. Huijgens, A. R. Jonkhoff, Gert J. Ossenkoppele, E. Prooy, A. C. Van Loenen, A M Simoons-Smit, and H. van Tinteren

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Antifungal Agents, Neutropenia, Itraconazole, medicine.medical_treatment, Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, Opportunistic Infections, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Autologous stem-cell transplantation, Double-Blind Method, Amphotericin B, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Fluconazole, Mycosis, Aged, Leukopenia, business.industry, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Surgery, Survival Rate, Mycoses, Hematologic Neoplasms, Patient Compliance, Female, medicine.symptom, business, medicine.drug, Research Article
Abstract

Aims—To compare the eYcacy of and tolerance to oral fluconazole and intraconazole in preventing fungal infection in neutropenic patients with haematological malignancies. Patients—213 consecutive, afebrile adult patients treated with or without autologous stem cell transplantation for haematological malignancies. Methods—A randomised, double blind, single centre study. Patients were randomly assigned to receive fluconazole 50 mg or itraconazole 100 mg, both twice daily in identical capsules. An intention to treat analysis was performed on 202 patients, 101 in each group. Results—Microbiologically documented systemic fungal infections occurred in four patients in each group. Clinical fungal infection was thought to be present in seven recipients of fluconazole and four of itraconazole. In all 202 patients, 29 proceeded to intravenous amphotericin (amphotericin B), 16 in the fluconazole group and 13 in the itraconazole group. Superficial fungal infection was seen only in three non-compliant patients in the fluconazole group. All these infections were oral. No major diVerences were noted in the isolates of fungi in mouth washes and fecal samples. Overall mortality was 8.9% (18 deaths; seven in the fluconazole group, 11 in the itraconazole group). Mortality from microbiologically and clinically documented fungal infection was 4.5% (nine deaths; three in the fluconazole group, six in the itraconazole group). Median time to suspected or proven fungal infection was 16 days in both groups. None of these comparisons reached statistical significance (p < 0.05). No major clinical toxicity was noted and compliance was excellent. Conclusions—In neutropenic patients treated for haematological malignancies with or without autologous stem cell transplantation, fluconazole and itraconazole in low doses result in a similar low frequency of fungal disease. Fluconazole may be the preferable drug because of the smaller number of capsules and lack of need for timing relative to meals. (J Clin Pathol 1999;52:376‐380)

Published
1999

22. Treatment of acute reflex sympathetic dystrophy with DMSO 50% in a fatty cream

Author

P. N. J. Langendijk, H. E. J. Brink, P. D. Bezemer, J. J. De Lange, A. C. Van Loenen, and Wouter W.A. Zuurmond

Subjects
Adult, Male, Visual analogue scale, medicine.medical_treatment, Administration, Topical, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Placebo, Administration, Cutaneous, law.invention, Ointments, Placebos, Randomized controlled trial, Double-Blind Method, law, Edema, medicine, Pharmaceutic Aids, Humans, Dimethyl Sulfoxide, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, Physical Therapy Modalities, Aged, Pain Measurement, Chemotherapy, business.industry, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Paraffin, Anesthesia, Acute Disease, Reflex, Female, medicine.symptom, Range of motion, business
Abstract

Acute Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy (acute RSD) was defined using a reproducible classification. Elevated temperature of the affected extremity ("calor"), measured by the dorsal side of the observer's hand and mentioned by the patient, pain ("dolor") measured by the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), redness ("rubor"), edema ("tumor") and limited active range of motion ("functio laesa"), all contributed to the classification system. Patients scoring 4 to 5 positive symptoms were considered to have acute RSD. A prospective, randomized and double blind study was performed in 32 patients, all suffering from acute RSD. In all of these patients the primary injury was the result of a previous accident. One patient was taken out of the study because of his surgery. The study involved treatment with a fatty cream with 50% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, group A), or without DMSO (placebo, group B), both for 2 months. All patients received physiotherapy applied within pain limits. Application of the creams resulted in both groups in an improvement of RSD-scores and VAS-scores after 2 months. However, the improvement of the RSD score in patients of group A (DMSO-group) was significantly (P < 0.01) better compared to group B. The results suggest a certain activity of DMSO 50% cream in patients suffering from RSD and is, therefore, recommendable.

Published
1996

24. 4-Aminopyridine is superior to 3,4-diaminopyridine in the treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis

Author

R. De Waal, J. C. Koetsier, H.A.M. van Diemen, Bernard M. J. Uitdehaag, A. C. Van Loenen, Chris H. Polman, and F. W. Bertelsmann

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Multiple Sclerosis, Amifampridine, Visual analogue scale, medicine.medical_treatment, law.invention, Placebos, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Randomized controlled trial, Double-Blind Method, law, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, 4-Aminopyridine, Aged, Chemotherapy, business.industry, Multiple sclerosis, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Crossover study, Clinical trial, Tolerability, Physical therapy, Female, Neurology (clinical), business, medicine.drug
Abstract

Objective: To compare the efficacy and toxicity of 4-aminopyridine and 3,4-diaminopyridine in patients with multiple sclerosis. Design: Intervention study with a before-after design and a randomized, double-blind, crossover design. Setting: University referral center. Patients: Twenty-four patients with definite multiple sclerosis who had been treated in a previous clinical trial with 4-aminopyridine. Interventions: Nonresponders to treatment with 4-aminopyridine (14 patients) were treated with 3,4-diaminopyridine in a 4-week, open-label trial with doses up to 1.0 mg/kg of body weight (before-after design). Responders to treatment with 4-aminopyridine (10 patients) participated in a comparative study of 6 weeks' duration with 4-aminopyridine and 3,4-diaminopyridine according to a randomized, double-blind, double-crossover design. Main Outcome Measures: Neurophysiologic variables for nonresponders, neurologic functions and symptoms on a visual analogue scale for responders, and side effects for both groups. Results: Toxicity profiles of 4-aminopyridine and 3,4-diaminopyridine were different, and systemic tolerability was reduced for 3,4-diaminopyridine. 4-Aminopyridine was more effective than 3,4-diaminopyridine, especially for ambulation, fatigue, and overall daily functioning. Conclusion: Our data suggest that, concerning both efficacy and side effects, 4-aminopyridine is superior to 3,4-diaminopyridine in the treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis.

Published
1994

25. 4-aminopyridine in the treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis. Long-term efficacy and safety

Author

Chris H. Polman, F. W. Bertelsmann, A. C. Van Loenen, and J. C. Koetsier

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Multiple Sclerosis, medicine.medical_treatment, Psychological intervention, Central nervous system disease, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Oral administration, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, 4-Aminopyridine, Hepatitis, Chemotherapy, business.industry, Multiple sclerosis, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Surgery, Female, Neurology (clinical), Epileptic seizure, medicine.symptom, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

Objective: To study the long-term efficacy and safety of 4-aminopyridine in patients with multiple sclerosis. Design: Case series, follow-up varying from 6 to 32 months. Setting: University referral center. Patients: Thirty-one patients with definite MS, 23 of them being exposed to long-term administration (6 to 32 months) of 4-aminopyridine, since they showed a favorable initial response to the drug. Interventions: Long-term oral treatment with 4-aminopyridine in daily doses of up to 0.5 mg/kg of body weight. Main Outcome Measures: Neurologic functions and symptoms as reported by the patients; side effects. Results: Twenty of 23 patients who showed a favorable initial response benefited from long-term administration. Ambulation and fatigue (each in 13 patients) and visual function (in five patients) were most frequently reported to be improved. Three major side effects did occur during a follow-up of 406 patient months: a generalized epileptic seizure in two patients and hepatitis in one. Conclusions: Although a substantial proportion of patients with multiple sclerosis seem to benefit from long-term administration of 4-aminopyridine, additional studies are needed to clarify the exact value of the drug.

Published
1994

26. 4-Aminopyridine in patients with multiple sclerosis: dosage and serum level related to efficacy and safety

Author

Chris H. Polman, A. C. Van Loenen, J. C. Koetsier, F. W. Bertelsmann, H.A.M. van Diemen, and J. J. P. Nauta

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Multiple Sclerosis, medicine.medical_treatment, Administration, Oral, Biological fluid, Pharmacokinetics, Double-Blind Method, Oral administration, Internal medicine, Medicine, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), In patient, 4-Aminopyridine, Infusions, Intravenous, Aged, Pharmacology, Chemotherapy, business.industry, Multiple sclerosis, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Crossover study, Pursuit, Smooth, Surgery, Female, Neurology (clinical), business, medicine.drug
Abstract

In a recent randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial, we demonstrated efficacy of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) in improving disability of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Here we describe the relationship between dosage, serum level, efficacy, and safety of intravenously and orally administered 4-AP in the same group of 70 MS patients. After both intravenous and oral administration there was a significant relationship between serum levels and 4-AP doses used (p0.001 and p0.01, respectively). The use of 4-AP in oral doses three times a day showed a large variation and fluctuation in serum levels. After 12 weeks of oral treatment (maximum daily dosage 0.5 mg/kg body weight), a statistically significant improvement was found for the smooth pursuit gain of the eye movements (estimated effect 0.14, 95% confidence interval 0.06-0.23, p0.001). The amount of improvement was significantly related to 4-AP serum levels (p = 0.0013). Side effects after intravenous 4-AP occurred frequently and were very troublesome (pain in infusion arm, dizziness). Side effects during oral treatment (dizziness, paresthesias) were very mild and occurred 30-45 min after intake of the medication and could be related to high serum levels.

Published
1993

27. The prophylactic use of fluconazole 50 vs. 100 mg daily in haematological malignancies

Author

E. Prooy, Peter C. Huijgens, A. C. Van Loenen, G.J. Ossenkoppele, and A M Simoons-Smit

Subjects
Adult, Male, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Lymphoma, business.industry, Middle Aged, Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma, Text mining, Oncology, Candidiasis, Oral, Leukemia, Myeloid, Internal medicine, Medicine, Humans, Female, business, Fluconazole, medicine.drug, Aged
Published
1993

28. The effect of 4-aminopyridine on clinical signs in multiple sclerosis: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over study

Author

H.A.M. van Diemen, Martin J.B. Taphoorn, T. M. M. M. Van Dongen, Chris H. Polman, A. C. Van Loenen, J. C. Koetsier, J. J. P. Nauta, and H. K. van Walbeek

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Multiple Sclerosis, medicine.medical_treatment, Placebo, law.invention, Randomized controlled trial, Double-Blind Method, law, Oral administration, Internal medicine, Medicine, Humans, 4-Aminopyridine, Aged, Chemotherapy, business.industry, Multiple sclerosis, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Crossover study, Surgery, Clinical trial, Neurology, Female, Neurology (clinical), business, medicine.drug
Abstract

To find out whether treatment with 4-aminopyridine is beneficial in multiple sclerosis (MS), 70 patients with definite MS entered into a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial in which they were treated with 4-aminopyridine and placebo for 12 weeks each (maximum dose, 0.5 mg/kg of body weight). The estimated effect of the treatment as measured with the Kurtzke expanded disability status scale, which was the main evaluation parameter, was 0.28 point (p = 0.001). A significant decrease in the scale score (1.0 point or more) was encountered in 10 patients (16.4%) during oral treatment with 4-aminopyridine whereas it was not seen during placebo treatment (p less than 0.05). A significant subjective improvement (defined as an improvement that significantly affected the activities of normal daily life) was indicated by 18 patients (29.5%) during 4-aminopyridine treatment and by 1 patient (1.6%) during placebo treatment (p less than 0.05). Significant improvements related to 4-aminopyridine occurred in a number of neurophysiological parameters. No serious side effects were encountered. However, subjective side effects such as paresthesias, dizziness, and light-headedness were frequently reported during 4-aminopyridine treatment. Analysis of subgroups revealed that there was no difference in efficacy between those patients randomized to receive 4-aminopyridine and then placebo and those randomized to receive placebo and then 4-aminopyridine or between patients with and those without subjective side effects. Especially patients with temperature-sensitive symptoms and patients characterized by having a longer duration of the disease and being in a progressive phase of the disease were likely to show clear clinical benefit.

Published
1992

29. Antibiotic prophylaxis in vascular surgery: concentration of cefuroxime and ceftazidime in drain fluid

Author

J. A. Rauwerda, G. A. Vos, A. C. Van Loenen, F. C. Bakker, H. J. M. Martens, and A. J. C. Mackaay

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), medicine.medical_treatment, Ceftazidime, Arterial reconstruction, Vascular surgery, Surgery, Amputation, Anesthesia, Medicine, Antibiotic prophylaxis, business, Complication, Cefuroxime, medicine.drug
Abstract

Infection of a vascular prosthesis is an uncommon complication after arterial reconstruction. In literature (1) an incidence of 2–3% is reported. However, the data suggest that graft infection is associated with a mortality of 33–58% of the patients and a amputation risk of 25–75%. In a retrospective analysis of our own experience from 1977–1986, we found 14 type-III infections after 1101 arterial reconstructions (1.3%). During that time period we used 4 × 1 g of flucloxacilline as prophylaxis. Eight of the 10 early (< 2 months) infections were caused by St. Aureus and four byE. coli (see Table 1).

Published
1991

30. Sorption of various drugs in polyvinyl chloride, glass, and polyethylene-lined infusion containers

Author

H J, Martens, P N, De Goede, and A C, Van Loenen

Subjects
Pharmaceutical Preparations, Chemistry, Pharmaceutical, Adsorption, Glass, Polyethylenes, Infusions, Intravenous, Polyvinyl Chloride, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Drug Packaging
Abstract

The sorption of chloroquine sulfate, diazepam, isosorbide dinitrate, lorazepam, midazolam, nitroglycerin, promethazine hydrochloride, thiopental sodium, and warfarin sodium to three types of containers was studied. Appropriate amounts of the drugs were added to 500 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride injection in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) bags, glass bottles, and Clear-Flex bags composed of a laminate of polyethylene, nylon, and polypropylene. The containers were stored in the dark at room temperature for 24 hours. Samples were taken at various intervals and assayed for drug concentration by high-performance liquid chromatography. There were no appreciable changes in pH after 24 hours, and all the admixtures remained clear and colorless. The potency of chloroquine sulfate, lorazepam, midazolam, promethazine hydrochloride, and thiopental sodium remained unchanged in glass, PVC, and Clear-Flex containers. Diazepam, isosorbide dinitrate, nitroglycerin, and warfarin sodium did not show any sorption to glass bottles and Clear-Flex bags. In PVC bags, however, up to 55% of diazepam, 23% of isosorbide dinitrate, 51% of nitroglycerin, and 24% of warfarin sodium was lost during the 24-hour study period. Diazepam, isosorbide dinitrate, nitroglycerin, and warfarin sodium in 0.9% sodium chloride injection showed a loss of potency when stored in PVC containers for 24 hours at room temperature, but none of the drugs studied lost potency when stored in glass bottles and Clear-Flex bags.

Published
1990

32. Acetylcysteine Treatment In Massive Paracetamol Poisoning

Author

M. G.G. Sturkenboom, A C van Loenen, Abraham J. Wilhelm, and R J.M. Strack van Schijndel

Subjects
Pharmacology, Acetylcysteine, business.industry, Medicine, Pharmacology (medical), business, medicine.drug
Published
2005

33. Glutaraldehyde: Current Status and Uses

Author

J. G. M. Koeleman, P. N. F. C. de Goede, H. H. M. Meester, and A. C. van Loenen

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), chemistry.chemical_compound, Infectious Diseases, chemistry, Computer science, Epidemiology, Data mining, Glutaraldehyde, Current (fluid), computer.software_genre, computer
Published
1995

34. Boron neutron capture therapy for glioblastoma multiforme.

Author

Catharina M. van. Rij, Abraham J. Wilhelm, Wolfgang A. G. Sauerwein, and Arie C. van. Loenen

Subjects
NEUTRON capture, BORON-neutron capture therapy, THERAPEUTICS, INCURABLE diseases
Abstract

Abstract Aim: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an incurable disease that can only be managed in a palliative way. The GBM accounts for approximately half of all newly diagnosed primary brain tumors with an incidence of 23 cases per 100,000 people each year. Surgery and radiation are the standard options for palliation, and whether there is a place for chemotherapy is still discussed. Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a promising and possibly curative method of treating GBM. The purpose of this article is to provide an updated review on the current management and future possibilities of treating GBM with BNCT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2005

36. The effects of 4-aminopyridine on cognitive function in patients with multiple sclerosis: A pilot study

Author

Chris H. Polman, A. C. Van Loenen, H. H. Emmen, F. W. Bertelsmann, R.C.F. Smits, and B. M. Kulig

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Multiple Sclerosis, Pilot Projects, Neuropsychological Tests, Placebo, law.invention, Placebos, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Double-Blind Method, Randomized controlled trial, law, Humans, Medicine, 4-Aminopyridine, Aged, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Multiple sclerosis, Neuropsychology, Cognition, Neuropsychological test, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Crossover study, Surgery, Female, Neurology (clinical), Verbal memory, Cognition Disorders, business
Abstract

4-Aminopyridine (4-AP) has a favorable effect on the disability of certain patients with MS. We investigated the effect of 4-AP on neuropsychological performance in 20 MS patients using a randomized, double-blind, placebo- controlled, crossover design. Although there was a trend for improved performance with 4-AP for two of the tests, we could not demonstrate significant effects of 4-AP on cognitive function. Chemicals/CAS: 4-Aminopyridine, 504-24-5; Placebos

Published
1994

37. Multiple Sclerosis and 4-Aminopyridine

Author

A. C. Van Loenen, J. C. Koetsier, Chris H. Polman, M.M.M.M. van Dongen, H. K. van Walbeek, and H.A.M. van Diemen

Subjects
business.industry, Multiple sclerosis, medicine, 4-Aminopyridine, Surgery, Neurology (clinical), General Medicine, Pharmacology, medicine.disease, business, medicine.drug
Published
1991

38. 4-Aminopyridine in multiple sclerosis

Author

A. C. Van Loenen, J. C. Koetsier, Chris H. Polman, M.M.M.M. van Dongen, H.A.M. van Diemen, and H. K. van Walbeek

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Multiple sclerosis, 4-Aminopyridine, MEDLINE, medicine.disease, law.invention, Clinical trial, Neurology, Randomized controlled trial, law, Internal medicine, medicine, Neurology (clinical), business, medicine.drug
Published
1990

39. Phase I/II study of suramin in hormone resistant metastatic prostate cancer

Author

R.E.N. van Rijswijk, John Wagstaff, S. Horenblas, A. C. Van Loenen, and H.M. Pinedo

Subjects
PCA3, Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Suramin, Cancer, medicine.disease, Prostate cancer, Phase i ii, Internal medicine, Medicine, business, Hormone, medicine.drug
Published
1990

40. Ingezonden

Author

F. J. Lancée, W. Beekhuis, A. C. Van Loenen, J. W. F. Van Mil, E. D. Harderwijk, and H. A. Sloot

Subjects
Pharmacology, Pharmacology (medical)
Published
1980

41. Boekbesprekingen

Author

J. J. Vink-Stephan, A. H. P. Paes, F. W. H. M. Merkus, A. C. Van Loenen, A. S. Horn, C. J. Grol, D. D. Breimer, and E. Van Der Kleyn

Subjects
Pharmacology, Pharmacology (medical)
Published
1981

42. Blepharitis

Author

A. C. Van Loenen and O. P. Van Bijsterveld

Subjects
Pharmacology, Gynecology, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine, Pharmacology (medical), business, Blepharitis, medicine.disease
Abstract

De algemene therapeutische maatregelen bij blepharitis ulcerosa en squamosa bestaan uit het verwijderen van de korsten en het ontvetten van de lidrand. Dit kan worden uitgevoerd door poetsen met benzine en tetrachloorkoolstof. Daarnaast dienen de aanwezige staphylokokken te worden geelimineerd. Dit blijkt empirisch het beste te gaan met oxytetracycline in de combinatie Terracortril®-suspensie. Secundaire lidrand-veranderingen kunnen het beste worden behandeld door lokale toediening van corticosteroiden. Voor blepharitis squamosa dient men als onderhoudstherapie antiseborrhoeica te nemen in een vrijwel niet irriterende basis.

Published
1979

44. Dopamine en farmaca

Author

Y. G. Van Der Meer and A. C. Van Loenen

Subjects
Pharmacology, medicine.medical_specialty, Dopaminergic, D1-like receptor, Biology, Endocrinology, Dopamine receptor D1, Dopamine receptor, Dopamine receptor D3, Dopamine, D2-like receptor, Internal medicine, Dopamine receptor D2, medicine, Pharmacology (medical), Neuroscience, medicine.drug
Abstract

In this review both anatomy and function of dopaminergic nerve cells are discussed. A disturbance in dopamine transmission can be related to a number of diseases. The differences between two hypothetical types of dopamine receptors are described, as well as a number of drugs, affecting one or both of these receptors.

Published
1980

45. Antidota voor gebruik bij cyanide-intoxicaties

Author

A. C. Van Loenen and A. N. P. van Heijst

Subjects
Pharmacology, business.industry, Medicine, Pharmacology (medical), Pharmacy, Medical emergency, business, medicine.disease
Published
1980

46. Boekbesprekingen

Author

A. W. M. Indemans, B. F. H. Drenth, H. A. Bosman-Jelgersma, C. J. De Blaey, A. C. Van Loenen, J. R. B. J. Brouwers, and L. A. P. De Kind

Subjects
Pharmacology, Pharmacology (medical)
Published
1981

47. Boekbesprekingen

Author

J. W. Meilink, J. M. A. Pijnenburg, A. van Dijk, and A. C. van Loenen

Subjects
Pharmacology, Pharmacology (medical)
Published
1979

48. Commentaar

Author

J. R. B. J. Brouwers, A. C. Van Loenen, and J. S. Meulenhoff

Subjects
Pharmacology, Pharmacology (medical)
Published
1979

49. Stability and degradation of sodium nitroprusside

Author

A. C. Van Loenen and W. Hofs-Kemper

Subjects
Pharmacology, Prussian blue, Cyanide, Inorganic chemistry, Phosphate, Absorbance, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, medicine, Pharmacology (medical), Chelation, Irradiation, Sodium nitroprusside, Citric acid, medicine.drug
Abstract

The primary aim of the investigation was to formulate a stable sodium nitroprusside (Np) injection. However, during the investigation a number of inexplicable phenomena were observed, which led us to examine some degradation processes. Reproducible determination of the concentration OfNp, aquopentacyanoferrate (Apcf) (II) and (III), iron-cyanide or cyanide in degraded solutions appeared to be impossible. For this reason we used the absorbance ratio, ΔE, at 394 nm, the ratio E394/E440 and the resultant colours to study decomposition. The absorbance at 394 nm increases upon controlled irradiation and is accelerated by irradiation of light of greater intensity. This again is accompanied by a relatively rapid decrease in pH value. The addition of citrate, phosphate and edetate does not produce a significant difference of ΔE. Changes were observed in the ratio E394/E440 and resultant colours. These differences are probably due to chelate formation or iron ions, which delay the formation of Prussian blue, or produce other modifications of Prussian blue, or retard the conversion ofApcf (II) IntoApcf (III. The influence of irradiation appears to be dependent upon the concentration ofNp.

Published
1979

50. Tijdschriftendocumentatie in de apotheek

Author

A. Bult, J. H. Zwaving, J. S. Meulenhoff, A. J. Kelder, Jrbj Brouwers, R. W. L. Veldman, A. C. Van Loenen, J. Noordhoek, C. J. De Blaey, and D. A. Wittop Koning

Subjects
Pharmacology, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Family medicine, medicine, Pharmacology (medical), Pharmacy, business
Published
1980

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