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The Solitary Bone Plasmacytoma (SBP) is a rare oncologic disease corresponding to less than 5% of the malignant neoplasms of the plasma cells. It is characterized as a localized aggressive tumor consequent to the accumulation of monoclonal plasma cell neoplasms and, due to the rarity of the disease, there are only few clinical studies reporting it especially regarding prognostic factors and treatment. Here, we report a fatal clinical case of SPB in Roraima, the northernmost state of Brazil. The study shows a case of solitary bone plasmacytoma on the femur, where the patient was submitted to the preconized radiotherapy cycles. However, over approximately four-years following the diagnose, the patient required multi-modal approach to guarantee quality of life during the survival time. Finally, this study explores SBP-related issues and examines the challenges physicians face when managing the care of patients with SBP.

Given the wide use of cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) alloys, especially for removable partial dentures, and the importance of chemical solutions to complement the cleaning of dental prostheses, safe disinfection products should be identified for the regular decontamination of Co-Cr dental prostheses.The purpose of this systematic review of in vitro studies was to determine the effects on the properties of Co-Cr dental alloys of the various chemical agents used to clean dental prostheses.In vitro studies were included based on a literature search conducted in March 2022 in the Medline/PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Virtual Health Library, and Embase databases. Independent reviewers performed the search, selection, extraction, and analysis of the data. The review was performed based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. The quality of the included articles was evaluated by using parameters adapted from the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) guidelines, and the risk of bias analysis was performed based on previous studies.Among the 15 included studies, the chemical agents evaluated were alkaline peroxides and hypochlorites, mouthwashes containing cetylpyridinium chloride and chlorhexidine, diluted acids, and enzymes. Some peroxides produced increased ion release, surface roughness, and mass loss of the alloys. The hypochlorites were responsible for the greatest surface corrosion, yielding dark stains, rough regions, and depressions. Acetic and peracetic acids and mouthwashes containing chlorhexidine and cetylpyridinium did not produce significant changes in Co-Cr alloys. Most studies presented moderate risk of bias.According to the included studies, mouth rinses containing cetylpyridinium chloride or chlorhexidine and solutions with acetic and peracetic acid could be safely used to chemically sanitize Co-Cr prostheses. Alkaline peroxides should be used with caution, and alkaline hypochlorite solutions should be avoided.

A arquitetura monolítica de sistemas tornou-se um padrão comum que gera complicações para grandes aplicações. Entretanto, a arquitetura de Microsserviços aparece como uma via alternativa para desenvolvimentos de aplicações complexas. Com o avanço desta tecnologia e sua ampla utilização em sistemas complexos este artigo se propõe a discutir características, vantagens e desvantagens da arquitetura de microsserviços hoje em dia. Em particular, o artigo analisa como esta tecnologiapode ser utilizada em conjunto com os modernos sistemas bancos de dados.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) develops in a subset of individuals upon exposure to traumatic stress. In addition to well-defined psychological and behavioral symptoms, some individuals with PTSD also exhibit elevated concentrations of inflammatory markers, including C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α. Moreover, PTSD is often co-morbid with immune-related conditions, such as cardiometabolic and autoimmune disorders. Numerous factors, including lifetime trauma burden, biological sex, genetic background, metabolic conditions, and gut microbiota, may contribute to inflammation in PTSD. Importantly, inflammation can influence neural circuits and neurotransmitter signaling in regions of the brain relevant to fear, anxiety, and emotion regulation. Given the link between PTSD and the immune system, current studies are underway to evaluate the efficacy of anti-inflammatory treatments in those with PTSD. Understanding the complex interactions between PTSD and the immune system is essential for future discovery of diagnostic and therapeutic tools.

To identify an association between bone mineral density (BMD) and nutritional status, body composition and bone metabolism in older patients. Cross-sectional study, involving older adults, with osteopenia/osteoporosis and with normal BMD. The mineral density of the lumbar spine from L1 to L4 and the proximal region of the femur was assessed using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Biochemical analyzes were performed of 25(OH)-D, calcium and parathormone. Weight, knee height, and abdominal (AC), mid-upper arm (MUAC) and calf (CC) circumferences were measured. The percentage of body fat (%BF) and Fat-Free Mass (FFM) were quantified by electrical bioimpedance analysis. The Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated. The statistical analysis used bivariate and multivariate, parametric and/or non-parametric tests, and was considered significant when p

Background Breast cancer is the fifth most common cause of death from cancer in women worldwide. In Brazil, mortality rates are increasing. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyze breast cancer mortality between 2000 and 2018 in Mato Grosso, a Brazilian state in Legal Amazon. Methods Ecological study analyzing temporal trends. Data were extracted from the Mortality Information System. The selected variables were: sex (female), cause of death (C-50, in the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases - ICD 10), age (less than 50 years-old, equal or older than 50 years-old) and year of death (2000-2018). Resident population data were obtained from the Ministry of Health's database (DATASUS) for calculation of breast cancer annual mortality rates. Temporal trends were estimated using linear regression. All analyses were done in the STATA 14.0. Results Between 2000 and 2018, 2,276 deaths from breast cancer were registered in women. Of these, 756 (33.2%) in the youngest age group and 1,520 (66.8%) in the oldest age group. A statistically significant increase in breast cancer mortality was found for both age groups (p Conclusions There is a statistically significant increase in female breast cancer mortality rate in Mato Grosso, one of the Brazilian states in Legal Amazon. It is imperative to invest in breast cancer screening to enable the reduction of the mortality rate of the disease. Key messages Our study presents information of breast cancer in a state from Legal Amazon that has increased death rates by the years 2000 to 2018. Besides breast cancer is relevant in Brazil, this is the first analysis from this specific data, potential to support improvement in disease control.

Background Colorectal cancer has been one of the cancers that most contributed to mortality, in both sexes in the world. In Brazil, cancer is among the top five causes of death and colorectal cancer is ranked on the fifth position. Of the Federative Units belonging to the Legal Amazon, Mato Grosso stands out for the higher adjusted incidence of colorectal cancer for both sexes. Thus, the objective is to characterize deaths from colorectal cancer, according to sociodemographic variables in Mato Grosso from 2000 to 2016. Methods A descriptive study was carried out, using data from the Mortality Information System, made available by the Department of Health of the Mato Grosso State. Deaths of all ages were selected, whose basic cause was identified by the codes from the International Classification of Diseases: (C.18) colon cancer, (C.19) rectosigmoid junction cancer, (C.20) rectal cancer or (C.21) anus cancer. Results Between 2000 and 2016, 31,607 deaths from cancer were registered. Of these, 1,750 (5.6%) were due to colorectal cancer. An increased number of deaths was observed at the end of the period, with a variation from 46 deaths in 2000 from 173 in 2016. Highest frequency was verified in men (51.3%), people aged 60 years or older (59.7%), black (54.6%), married (52.3%) and those with primary education (55.2%). According to Brazilian occupation classification options or those answers filled out on the death certificate, highest frequency were for “Retired” (26.2%), “Housewife” (23.1%), Agricultural/Forestry and Fisheries” (11.3%) and “Production of Industrial Goods and Services” (10.3%). Conclusions This study evidenced the increased number of deaths due to colorectal cancer in Mato Grosso State, and identified priority groups for interventions through public health policies which should include screening and early diagnosis to cope with the disease. Key messages Evidenced the increased number of deaths due to colorectal cancer in Mato Grosso State. Identified priority groups for interventions through public health policies.

The prevalence of equine infectious anaemia (EIA) in the three biomes of the state of Mato Grosso (Amazon, Cerrado and Pantanal) was estimated. Serum samples were collected from 3,858 equines in 1,067 herds between Septemberand December 2014. The agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) assay was used to detect EIA virus antibodies, and if a herd contained a seropositive animal itwas classified as a focus. The prevalence rates were 17.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 14.9-19.8%) for herds and 6.6% (95% CI: 5.8-7.5%) for animals. The Pantanal region showed the highest prevalence rates: 36.1% (95% CI: 30.8-41.7%) for herds and 17.0% (95% CI: 14.7-19.6%) for animals. The spatial distribution of relative risk was calculated according to the kernel density, which revealed three major clusters with the highest prevalence rates occurring in the north-western(Amazon biome), north-eastern (Cerrado biome) and southern (Pantanal biome)regions. A high spatial correlation was found among ranches, with high intra-herd prevalence rates located in the Amazon and Cerrado biomes, but the highest spatial correlation with EIA foci was found in the Pantanal biome. Variables related to ranch management, reflecting human influence, were associated with positive equines. Based on the results, it can be concluded that EIA is present in all biomes of the state, and that the risk factors are associated with human interference in the transmission process. Given this situation, the EIA control programme should be re-evaluated and more prophylactic measures should be adopted to control the disease.

AIM To evaluate the frequency of post-treatment apical periodontitis associated with root filled teeth with at least one untreated root canal. METHODOLOGY Eight hundred and seven cone beam computed tomography images containing at least one root filled tooth were selected from a collection of 1543 images from Brazilian individuals. Scans were taken using ICAT Classic devices (Imaging Sciences, Hatfield, PA, USA) in a private oral radiology clinic from January to April 2015. All root filled teeth were analysed for the presence of missed canals and apical periodontitis. The chi-square and odds ratio tests were used to verify if there were an association and risk relationship between the occurrence of untreated canals and apical periodontitis. RESULTS A total of 2294 teeth with evidence of root fillings were identified. Two hundred and eighty-one teeth had at least one untreated missed canal (12%). The frequency of apical periodontitis in teeth with at least one untreated canal was significantly greater in comparison to teeth with all canals treated (274/281, 98% versus 1736/2013, 86%) (P

A family of faujasite (FAU) zeolites with different Si:Al ratio, and/or hierarchical porosity introduced via post-synthetic alkaline desilication treatment, have been evaluated as solid acid catalysts for esterification pretreatments of pyrolysis bio-oil components. Acetic acid esterification with aliphatic and aromatic alcohols including methanol, anisyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol, p-cresol and n-butanol was first selected as a model reaction to identify the optimum zeolite properties. Materials were fully characterised using N2 porosimetry, ICP, XRD, XPS, FT-IR, pyridine adsorption, NH3 TPD, In-situ ATR and inverse gas chromatography (IGC). IGC demonstrates that the surface polarity and hence hydrophobicity of FAU decreases with increased Si:Al ratio. Despite possessing a higher acid site loading and acetic acid adsorption capacity, high Al-content FAU possess weaker acidity than more siliceous catalysts. Esterification activity increases with acid strength and decreasing surface polarity following the order FAU30>FAU6>FAU2.6. The introduction of mesoporosity through synthesis of a hierarchical HFAU30 material further enhances esterification activity through improved acid site accessibility and hydrophobicity. Methanol was the most reactive alcohol for esterification, and evaluated with HFAU30 for the pretreatment of a real pyrolysis bio-oil, reducing the acid content by 76% under mild conditions.

The prevalence of equine infectious anaemia (EIA) in the three biomes of the state of Mato Grosso (Amazon, Cerrado and Pantanal) was estimated. Serum samples were collected from 3,858 equines in 1,067 herds between Septemberand December 2014. The agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) assay was used to detect EIA virus antibodies, and if a herd contained a seropositive animal itwas classified as a focus. The prevalence rates were 17.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 14.9-19.8%) for herds and 6.6% (95% CI: 5.8-7.5%) for animals. The Pantanal region showed the highest prevalence rates: 36.1% (95% CI: 30.8-41.7%) for herds and 17.0% (95% CI: 14.7-19.6%) for animals. The spatial distribution of relative risk was calculated according to the kernel density, which revealed three major clusters with the highest prevalence rates occurring in the north-western(Amazon biome), north-eastern (Cerrado biome) and southern (Pantanal biome)regions. A high spatial correlation was found among ranches, with high intra-herd prevalence rates located in the Amazon and Cerrado biomes, but the highest spatial correlation with EIA foci was found in the Pantanal biome. Variables related to ranch management, reflecting human influence, were associated with positive equines. Based on the results, it can be concluded that EIA is present in all biomes of the state, and that the risk factors are associated with human interference in the transmission process. Given this situation, the EIA control programme should be re-evaluated and more prophylactic measures should be adopted to control the disease.Les auteurs présentent les résultats d’une estimation de la prévalence de l’anémie infectieuse des équidés (AIE) dans les trois biomes de l’état du Mato Grosso (l’Amazonie, le Cerrado et le Pantanal) réalisée de septembre à décembre2014 à partir d’échantillons de sérum collectés chez 3 858 équidés dans1 067 troupeaux. La méthode d’immunodiffusion sur gélose était utilisée pour détecter les anticorps anti-AIE. En cas de test positif chez un individu, le troupeau était classé comme un foyer. La prévalence par troupeau était de 17,2 % (intervalle de confiance à 95 % [IC 95 %] de 14,9 à 19,8) tandis que la prévalence individuelle était de 6,6 % (IC 95 % de 5,8 à 7,5). La prévalence la plus élevée était enregistrée dans la région du Pantanal : 36,1 % (IC 95 % de 30,8 à 41,7) par troupeaux et17,0 (IC 95 % de 14,7 à 19,6) à l’échelle des individus. La distribution spatiale du risque relatif estimée par noyau montre trois grappes de prévalence élevée dans le nord-ouest (biome de l’Amazonie), le nord-est (biome du Cerrado) et le sud (biome du Pantanal). Si une corrélation spatiale forte est observée dans les élevages des biomes de l’Amazonie et du Cerrado où la prévalence intra-troupeau est élevée, la corrélation spatiale la plus élevée avec les foyers d’AIE se trouve dans le biome du Pantanal. Une association a été constatée entre les équidés testés positifs et les variables descriptives liées aux pratiques d’élevage, ce qui traduit l’importance de l’influence humaine. À partir de ces résultats, on peut conclure que l’AIE est présente dans l’ensemble des biomes de l’état et que les facteurs de risque sont associés à l’interférence humaine dans le processus de transmission. Ainsi, une réévaluation du programme de lutte contre l’AIE serait indiquée avec plus de mesures prophylactiques afin de contrôler la maladie.Los autores describen el proceso seguido para estimar la prevalencia de anemia infecciosa equina en los tres biomas presentes en el estado de Mato Grosso (Amazonia, Cerrado y Pantanal). Entre septiembre y diciembre de 2014 se extrajeron muestras a 3.858 equinos de 1.067 rebaños, a las que se aplicó la técnica de inmunodifusión en gel de agar para detectar anticuerpos contra el virus de la anemia infecciosa equina: todo rebaño en el que hubiera un animal seropositivo era considerado un foco. La tasa de prevalencia de rebaños infectados resultó del 17,2% (intervalo de confianza [IC] al 95%: 14,9–19,8) y la de individuos infectados del 6,6% (IC 95%: 5,8–7,5). Las tasas más elevadas se observaron en la región de Pantanal: un 36,1% (IC 95%: 30,8–41,7) de prevalencia de rebaño y un 17,0% (IC 95%: 14,7–19,6) de prevalencia individual. La distribución espacial del riesgo relativo se determinó con arreglo a la densidad kernel, proceso que reveló la presencia de tres grandes conglomerados: las mayores tasas de prevalencia se situaban en las regiones del noroeste (en el caso del bioma amazónico), el noreste (biomade Cerrado) y el sur (bioma de Pantanal). Se observó que existía una estrecha correlación espacial entre explotaciones, y aunque en los biomas de la Amazonia y Cerrado había elevadas tasas de prevalencia intrarrebaño, fue en el bioma de Pantanal donde se observó la correlación espacial más estrecha con los focos de anemia infecciosa equina. La presencia de equinos seropositivos venía asociada a variables relacionadas con la gestión de las explotaciones, hecho que pone de relieve la influencia humana en la cuestión. A tenor de los resultados, cabe concluir que la anemia infecciosa equina está presente en todos los biomas del estado y que los factores de riesgo guardan relación con la interferencia humana en el proceso de transmisión. Ante tal situación, convendría evaluar de nuevo el programa de lucha contra la anemia infecciosa y poner mayor acento en las medidas profilácticas para combatir la enfermedad.

Here we determined the relative expression of HERV-K and W proviruses in HIV infected and non-infected mothers as well as their respective babies up to 1 year-old. HIV-infected mothers, their babies and uninfected control groups presented expression of both HERV-K and HERV-W with relatively high frequency. While the level of HERV-K expression was similar among groups, the level of HERV-W expression in HIV-infected mothers was four-fold higher than the uninfected mothers from the control group (p < 0.01). HERV-W was down regulated in HIV-exposed babies in comparison to non-exposed babies. To our knowledge, this is the first report of HERV transcriptional activity in babies from 0-1 year-old.

Eugenia dysenterica DC is a native species from the Cerrado biome and can be found in several states of Brazil. This study evaluated the chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities from the essential oils of a population collected in São Paulo state. Essential oils were obtained by conventional means, and their compositions were analyzed by GC-MS. Screening assays for antimicrobial activity were carried out by the microdilution method and the antioxidant potential was assessed by the DPPH scavenging method. The GC-MS analysis indicated that 52.63% of the essential oil is composed by oxygenated sesquiterpenes and the major compound is (-)-elema-1,3,11(13)-trien-12-ol (24.86%). The antimicrobial assay indicated MIC 42.1 µg/mL for S. aureus and MIC > 10000 µg/mL for the other tested microorganisms, Gram negative bacteria and fungi. The oil showed an IC50 of 5.4±0.632 mg/mL for in the DPPH assay. The essential oil had a different chemical composition from previous studies. The essential oil did not present a potent antioxidant activity. However, it can be considered a promising antimicrobial agent against S. aureus.

The antagonism of mercury toxicity by selenium has been well documented. Mercury is a toxic metal, widespread in the environment. The main target organs (kidneys, lungs, or brain) of mercury vary depending on its chemical forms (inorganic or organic). Selenium is a semimetal essential to mammalian life as part of the amino acid selenocysteine, which is required to the synthesis of the selenoproteins. This chapter has the aim of disclosing the role of selenide or hydrogen selenide (Se

The Amazon region has the largest hydrographic basin on the planet and is well known for its huge biodiversity of plants and animals. However, there is a lack of studies on aquatic microbial biodiversity in the Solimoes River, one of its main water courses. To investigate the microbial biodiversity of this region, we performed 16S rRNA gene clone libraries from Solimoes River and adjacent rivers and lakes. Our question was which microorganisms inhabit the different types of aquatic environments in this part of the basin, and how diversity varies among these environments (rivers and lakes). The microbial diversity generating 13 clone libraries of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene and 5 libraries of the archaeal 16S rRNA gene was assessed. Diversity measured by several alpha diversity indices (ACE, Chao, Shannon and Simpson) revealed significant differences in diversity indices between lake and river samples. The site with higher microbial diversity was in the Solimoes River (4S), downstream the confluence with Purus River. The most common bacterial taxon was the cosmopolitan Polynucleobacter genus, widely observed in all samples. The phylum Thaumarchaeota was the prevailing archaeal taxon. Our results provide the first insight into the microbial diversity of the world's largest river basin.

Platinized platinum based hydrogen gas electrodes, Pt(Pt)|H2(g)|H+(aq), and silver-silver chloride electrodes, Ag|AgCl|Cl− (aq), make up the Harned cell, without transfer, working in the potentiometric mode at Cl− concentrations and ionic strengths, I, below 0.1 mol kg−1, for assigning primary pH values to reference pH buffer solutions. This work reports on experiments performed at higher I and Cl− solutions up to 0.7 mol kg−1, aiming at addressing seawater conditions with results of equally high quality. In the course of measurements, the occasional occurrence of highly unstable potentials denoted electrode malfunction; Pt metal surfaces observed by SEM/EDS and XRD exhibit strong Ag and Cl peaks corresponding to the presence of AgCl crystals deposited at both surfaces.

Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-27T11:29:49Z No. of bitstreams: 0 Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-27T11:29:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-07-01 The objective was to evaluate reproductive tract development (ovary and uterus) and onset of puberty in two lines of Nellore heifers (Bos indicus) selected for postweaning weight. A total of 123 heifers, including 46 from the control Nellore line (NeC) and 77 from the selection Nellore line (NeS) were used. Every 18 to 21 days from 12 to 24 months of age, average ovarian area (OVA), endometrial thickness (ETh), and diameter of the largest follicle in each ovary were evaluated (using transrectal ultrasonography), and body weight, hip height, and body condition score were measured. There were no differences between NeS and NeC heifers for ETh or OVA (P < 0.05). Genetic selection for higher postweaning weight had no negative influence on the onset of puberty, with 52% and 48% of NeC and NeS heifers, respectively, pubertal at 24 months of age (P = 0.49). Heifers that reached puberty at the end of the study were heavier (NeC, 296.9 vs. 276.7 kg; NeS, 343.5 vs. 327.9 kg; P < 0.01) and younger (NeC, 23.4 vs. 24.2 mo; NeS, 22.7 vs. 24.0 months; P < 0.01) than those that did not. Furthermore, heifers that were heavier at weaning reached puberty earlier. Pubertal heifers had a greater OVA (4.15 vs. 3.14 cm2; P < 0.01) and ETh (12.15 vs. 9.93 mm; P < 0.01) than nonpubertal heifers. Taken together, OVA and ETh had positive effects (P < 0.01) on the onset of puberty and were suitable indicator traits of heifer sexual precocity in pasture management systems. However, selection for weight did not alter ovarian or endometrial development, or manifestation of puberty at 24 months of age. Among the growth traits studied, weaning weight and weight at puberty had significant positive effects on manifestation of first estrus. © 2013 Elsevier Inc. Centro APTA Bovinos de Corte IZ-APTA, Sertãozinho, São Paulo Department of Animal Reproduction FCAV-UNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo Department of Pharmacology IBB-UNESP, Botucatu, Sao Paulo Department of Animal Breeding and Nutrition FMVZ-UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo Department of Animal Reproduction FCAV-UNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo Department of Pharmacology IBB-UNESP, Botucatu, Sao Paulo Department of Animal Breeding and Nutrition FMVZ-UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo