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En el presente trabajo se analizan las características de la estructura productiva de una muestra de explotaciones representativas de los distintos modelos de producción de leche de Galicia, incluida la producción ecológica, estudiando la composición de la dieta y su relación con la calidad del perfil graso de la leche, relativa a la presencia de ácidos grasos y antioxidantes liposolubles. El estudio se completa con dos experimentos que comparan el pastoreo con el uso de raciones completas. Se concluye que, al margen de la buena calidad de la leche, independientemente del sistema de producción, el pastoreo de la hierba conjuntamente con una adecuada suplementación energética de la dieta permite compatibilizar un elevado rendimiento animal con una alta calidad de la grasa de la leche, rica en ácidos grasos y antioxidantes saludables.

Pleural effusions in children (PE) due to ventricle-peritoneal shunt (VPS) is very rare, with few cases reported. We present a new case of an infant with VPS who had a massive hydrothorax not associated with misplacement or migration of the distal catheter or with ascites. After the evacuation of the PE we managed the patient by adjusting the pressure of the adjustable valve (AV). Sequential thoracic ultrasounds showed a satisfactory outcome. We review the literature thoroughly and describe the possible pathophysiological mechanisms.

a b s t r a c t Ewing sarcoma is a malignant tumour of the bone that sometimes presents extraskeletal involvement, with the epidural location being rare. We report the case of a 45-year-old woman with paresthesia, paresis and urinary retention. Magnetic resonance imaging showed an epidural mass from C6 to D3. Laminectomy from C7 to D2 and partial resection of the lesion was performed. Pathological analysis was consistent with Ewing sarcoma. The patient received chemotherapy and radiotherapy, without evidence of disease at 8 months follow-up. A review of the literature on all published cases of extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma with epidural involvement is presented. © 2014 Sociedad Espa˜

Resumen Los tumores elusivos espinales han sido descritos en la literatura cientifica previamente. En la mayoria de los casos se trata de neurinomas de la cauda equina . Presentamos el caso de una mujer cuyo diagnostico radiologico de presuncion es el de neurinoma a nivel D10. Se decide extirpacion microquirurgica de la lesion, y tras la laminectomia, correctamente emplazada, no se encuentra el tumor. El reporte de tumores espinales intradurales extramedulares con desplazamiento en el espacio subaracnoideo es muy infrecuente, siendo a nivel dorsal excepcional. Es dificil predecir los casos en los que este extrano fenomeno pueda darse, pero parecen una constante los cambios en la clinica del paciente segun la posicion, el pequeno tamano de la lesion y la escasa adherencia a estructuras vecinas. El neurocirujano debe disponer de los recursos necesarios para solventar una exploracion en blanco tras la laminectomia, llegado el caso.

Objective To present our experience in the diagnosis and intravascular treatment of cerebral pseudoaneurysms. Material and methods We present 11 pseudoaneurysms (2 traumatic, 2 mycotic, 3 iatrogenic, and 4 with other causes). We analyze the methods and diagnostic criteria, radiological and clinical outcome, the criteria used in making decisions about treatment, the method of treatment, and the complications. Results Digital subtraction angiography is the gold standard for the diagnosis of cerebral pseudoaneurysms; the diagnostic criteria in the literature include: aneurysms with early morphological changes and distal aneurysms or proximal aneurysms associated with another distal one, in the context of the right symptoms and signs. In the nine patients treated with endovascular techniques, the treatment objective was achieved and rebleeding did not occur. Conclusions In cases with clinical suspicion of a pseudoaneurysm, the patient should undergo angiography. This is especially important in patients with inexplicable cerebral hemorrhage and in those with septicemia. CT angiography and MR angiography have good diagnostic accuracy and can replace conventional angiography. However, the treatment of choice is endovascular and treatment should not be delayed unless access to the pseudoaneurysm is impeded, usually due to severe cerebral vasospasm.

Ewing sarcoma is a malignant tumour of the bone that sometimes presents extraskeletal involvement, with the epidural location being rare. We report the case of a 45-year-old woman with paresthesia, paresis and urinary retention. Magnetic resonance imaging showed an epidural mass from C6 to D3. Laminectomy from C7 to D2 and partial resection of the lesion was performed. Pathological analysis was consistent with Ewing sarcoma. The patient received chemotherapy and radiotherapy, without evidence of disease at 8 months follow-up. A review of the literature on all published cases of extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma with epidural involvement is presented.

Elusive tumours in the spine, most of them schwannomas of the cauda equina, have been reported very rarely. We present the case of a woman with a preoperative radiological diagnosis of schwannoma at D10 level in whom a laminectomy was performed to remove the tumour. Although the laminectomy was correctly positioned, there was no tumour upon opening the dura and the laminectomy had to be extended cephalad to find and remove the tumour. Mobile intradural extramedullary spinal tumours, the so-called «elusive tumours», occur very rarely, and it is exceptional when they are located in the thoracic spine. Knowing preoperatively which tumour is going to behave in this way is almost impossible. However, in the reported cases there are common features such as symptoms changing with different body positions, small tumour size and weak attachment to nearby structures. Neurosurgeons must be able to resolve this situation when confronted with a negative correctly-positioned laminectomy.

To present our experience in the diagnosis and intravascular treatment of cerebral pseudoaneurysms.We present 11 pseudoaneurysms (2 traumatic, 2 mycotic, 3 iatrogenic, and 4 with other causes). We analyze the methods and diagnostic criteria, radiological and clinical outcome, the criteria used in making decisions about treatment, the method of treatment, and the complications.Digital subtraction angiography is the gold standard for the diagnosis of cerebral pseudoaneurysms; the diagnostic criteria in the literature include: aneurysms with early morphological changes and distal aneurysms or proximal aneurysms associated with another distal one, in the context of the right symptoms and signs. In the nine patients treated with endovascular techniques, the treatment objective was achieved and rebleeding did not occur.In cases with clinical suspicion of a pseudoaneurysm, the patient should undergo angiography. This is especially important in patients with inexplicable cerebral hemorrhage and in those with septicemia. CT angiography and MR angiography have good diagnostic accuracy and can replace conventional angiography. However, the treatment of choice is endovascular and treatment should not be delayed unless access to the pseudoaneurysm is impeded, usually due to severe cerebral vasospasm.