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Houda Hamdi : Nassira Belloula, vous etes a la fois, journaliste, essayiste, poetesse, et romanciere. Qu’est-ce qui vous a amenee a l’ecriture romanesque ? Que represente cette derniere pour vous ?...

In the present study, Cedrus atlantica leaves volatile oil were screened for their antibacterial activity and chemical composition. The essential oil chemical constituents obtained by hydro-distillation and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antibacterial activity was tested in vitro on Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas and Klebsiella pneumonia and Gram-positive: Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus, and Enterococcus faecalis, using disc-diffusion method. Twenty five compounds were identified in leaves oil representing 66.0.9 % of the total oil composition. Cedrus atlantica essential oil yield was 1.64% and major compounds were α-pinene (8,65%), himachalene (8.41%), β-himachalene (8,14%), σ-himachalene (6,26%), cis-α-atlantone (5,11%), himachalol (4,25%) and α-himachalene (3,25%), germacrene D (3.15%), β-caryophyllene (2.14%), cadinene (2.00%), β-pinene (1.95%), humulene (1.20%) and β-copaene (1.16%). In both strain, Cedrus atlantica oil exhibited very considerable antibacterial activity.

This study reported on five plants known for their use in traditional medicine in southeastern Algeria, namely: Artemisia campestris, Asteriscus pygmaeus, Pituranthos chlorantus, Pallenis spinosa and Aizoon hispanicum. The work aimed to determine the antioxidant activity, phenol and flavonoid contents of their aqueous and methanolic extracts. Flavonoids and phenol contents varied according to the nature of the extract and the nature of the plant. Total phenols varied from 30.33 ± 2.03 μg EAG/mg of plant in aqueous extract of Aizoon hispanicum to 280 ± 5.46 μg EAG/mg plant extract in methanolic extract of A. campestris. Flavonoid contents were between 0.071 ± 0.0008 μg QE/mg extract in A. hispanicum aqueous extract and 29.68 ± 0.32 μg QE/mg extract in A. campestris methanolic extract. The aqueous extracts showed the lowest values of flavonoid contents while the methanol extracts showed the highest ones. The antioxidant activities expressed as IC50 values varied from 8.66±1.52 μg/ml for Artemisia aqueous extract, the most active to 325.7±5.50 μg/mL of DPPH solution to the less active Aizoon aqueous extract. The radical scavenging activity decreased in the following order: A. campestris > P. spinosa> P. chlorantus > A. pygmaeus > A. hispanicum.Key words: Antioxidant, flavonoids, phenols, plants.

Many multiaxial fatigue parameters are available to estimate the onset of the crack initiation in mechanical components subjected to fretting fatigue conditions. This study focuses on the ability of the cracking energy density parameter to predict the fretting fatigue life. To estimate this, obtained predictions are compared with those given by another commonly used parameter, namely the Smith–Watson–Topper parameter. First, fretting fatigue experiments were achieved using a new designed setup with a mono-contact configuration (aluminum/steel). A finite element model was used to compute the stress/strain fields around the contact zone. Because of the high stress gradient in the contact zone, the estimates of the two fatigue parameters, when using the mechanical quantities on the most loaded material point, lead to too conservative predicted values. It was therefore necessary to define a kind of process zone in which crack nucleation takes place. Using an averaging method to compute stress and strain in this zone, the obtained results show a quite good agreement between the estimated fatigue life and experimental data, whatever the used fatigue indicator. The size of this zone was then compared with the material microstructure and seems to be in the same magnitude that the average grain size.

The main objectif of this work is the synthesis of new five-membred heterocycles containing the quinoline moeity via a 1,3-dipolar cycloadition reaction of nitrile oxide with dipolariphiles in goal of discover a new compounds potentially actives in different domains notably in pharmacy and biology.

Summary Aim of the study The aim of this retrospective multicenter study was to collect data from patients with chronic alcoholic pancreatitis and cystic dystrophy of the duodenal wall in order to better understand the outcome after medical, endoscopic and/or surgical treatment. Patients and methods The data from medical records of 23 patients consecutively seen in ten primary referral centers from January 1990 to July 2004 were studied. Clinical, biological, and endoscopic features as well as imaging findings were recorded. Response to treatment was noted. Results Twenty-three patients (20 men), aged 45 years (range: 30-66), with chronic alcohol intake, cystic dystrophy of the duodenal wall, and previously known (N = 14) or simultaneously diagnosed (N = 9) chronic pancreatitis were included. Symptoms most frequently encountered were abdominal pain (N = 22) and weight loss (N = 16). An abdominal ultrasound was available for 10 patients, abdominal computed tomography for 22, upper endoscopy for 18, and endoscopic ultrasonography for 22. Endoscopic ultrasonography enabled diagnosis of cystic dystrophy of the duodenal wall in 19/22 patients. Six patients were symptom-free after alcohol withdrawal. Seven patients received octreotide 200 to 400 mg per day, 5 of whom subsequently underwent surgery (71%). Fourteen patients out of 23 were operated on (61%), 11 of whom underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy and remained symptom-free for 47 months follow-up. Mean follow-up was 56 months (range: 2-78) for non surgical patients (39%) and 47 months (range: 12-108) for surgical patients (61%). Conclusion Cystic dystrophy of the duodenal wall complicating chronic alcoholic pancreatitis may be the revealing sign of pancreatitis. Endoscopic ultrasongraphy is the most reliable imaging method for diagnosis. Pancreaticoduodenectomy is the most frequently employed definitive treatment.

Duodeno-pancreatic biochemically polyfunctional endocrine tumour is a well known entity. Usually, only one hormone is responsible for the clinical features. We report a case of aggressive combined glucagonoma and gastrinoma tumour without metastases, causing respectively diabetic ketoacidosis and fulminant peptic ulcer, and death. Occasional patients can present with clinical features of both glucagonoma and gastrinoma. Diabetic patients exhibiting migratory skin lesions should be suspected of glucagonoma. In addition, a multidisciplinary approach to such patients including dermatologists, surgeons, radiologists and endoscopists is mandatory.

Colloque avec actes et comité de lecture. Internationale.; International audience; Les performances cinématiques et statique d'un mécanisme parallèle dépendent fortement de la géométrie de ce dernier et les caractéristiques mécaniques des corps. Dans la conception d'un manipulateur parallèle, il faut déterminer la meilleure géométrie ainsi que les dimensions des corps afin de satisfaire les besoins pratiques d'exploitation. Pour les manipulateurs parallèles DELTA, cet article fourni une démarche générique pour formuler le problème de la conception optimale des structures parallèles. Ceci en considérant plusieurs indices de performance cinématique comme la régularité du volume de travail et la dextérité, cette dernière qui est liée à la rigidité de la structure et à la précision de la commande. Dans cette étude, nous considérons aussi les performances élastostatiques qui mesurent la réponse de la structure (déformations) à une charge appliquée sous l'équilibre statique. Comme le problème de la conception optimale est non linéaire, difficile à l'exprimer analytiquement et il faut tenir compte de plusieurs indices de performance (généralement antagonistes), nous présentons une approche multi-objective qui considère, d'une manière simultanée, plusieurs indices de performance et nous utilisons les techniques d'optimisation évolutionnistes pour la résolution. La procédure de la conception est démontrée à travers des simulations sur l'exemple du robot DELTA.

Colloque avec actes et comité de lecture. Internationale.; International audience; Dans ce travail, nous analysons les mécanismes d'endommagement induits par de fretting-fatigue. Après avoir mis au point un dispositif expérimental adapté sur un banc multiaxial de fatigue, des essais ont été menés sur un alliage d'aluminium type 6082-T6. Les résultats montrent un abattement de la durée de vie par rapport à la fatigue classique. Les sites d'amorçage des fissures ont été identifiés par analyse micrographique. La modélisation de la prédiction de la durée de vie est conduite en utilisant des critères basés sur les plans critiques couplés à un calcul par éléments finis

The Automated information retrieval has appeared with the huge production of documents stored digitally, it allows you to find documents relevant to a user query formulated by keywords. The use of the neighborhood words of query can improve the relevance of research. The proposed method of representation of the documents has the advantage of integrating the information in its model of the neighborhood of terms. We evaluated our approach in terms of research relevance also the time of indexing and research. The obtained results show a remarkable improvement in the relevance due to the use of the neighborhood of the terms, and this hasn't influence on the indexing and research time that stay so quick.

The purpose of this paper is to describe a real time characterization of FS2004 by measuring the dynamic model rate and quantify its temporal stability. This is done to evaluate Flight Simulator 2004 for a potential integration into HIL (Hardware In the Loop architecture) architecture used in developing embedded systems on UAVs. After a general presentation of the simulator and the reasons which lead us to study it, we describe the experimental procedure based on the definition of real-time simulation and Monte Carlo Method. Experiments conducted in different configurations allowed to isolate parameters that have a decisive impact on the real-time performances of the simulator.

The aim of this retrospective multicenter study was to collect data from patients with chronic alcoholic pancreatitis and cystic dystrophy of the duodenal wall in order to better understand the outcome after medical, endoscopic and/or surgical treatment.The data from medical records of 23 patients consecutively seen in ten primary referral centers from January 1990 to July 2004 were studied. Clinical, biological, and endoscopic features as well as imaging findings were recorded. Response to treatment was noted.Twenty-three patients (20 men), aged 45 years (range: 30-66), with chronic alcohol intake, cystic dystrophy of the duodenal wall, and previously known (N=14) or simultaneously diagnosed (N=9) chronic pancreatitis were included. Symptoms most frequently encountered were abdominal pain (N=22) and weight loss (N=16). An abdominal ultrasound was available for 10 patients, abdominal computed tomography for 22, upper endoscopy for 18, and endoscopic ultrasonography for 22. Endoscopic ultrasonography enabled diagnosis of cystic dystrophy of the duodenal wall in 19/22 patients. Six patients were symptom-free after alcohol withdrawal. Seven patients received octreotide 200 to 400 microg per day, 5 of whom subsequently underwent surgery (71%). Fourteen patients out of 23 were operated on (61%), 11 of whom underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy and remained symptom-free for 47 months follow-up. Mean follow-up was 56 months (range: 2-78) for non surgical patients (39%) and 47 months (range: 12-108) for surgical patients (61%).Cystic dystrophy of the duodenal wall complicating chronic alcoholic pancreatitis may be the revealing sign of pancreatitis. Endoscopic ultrasongraphy is the most reliable imaging method for diagnosis. Pancreaticoduodenectomy is the most frequently employed definitive treatment.

Extrapulmonary manifestations of tuberculosis are increasing in incidence. Abdominal tuberculosis may mimic a variety of gastrointestinal disorders. The diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis is still difficult to establish before surgery.We report 3 cases of abdominal tuberculosis in immunocompetent individuals. One patient presented with an ileocecal mass mimicking cancer. The second one presented with fever, ileocecal mass and ascites leading to the diagnosis of appendiceal peritonitis. The last patient was admitted for ascites, ovarian mass and high CA 125 serum level simulating ovarian cancer with peritoneal carcinomatosis.In cases of abdominal tuberculosis when standard investigations are unhelpful, a PCR should be performed. Estimation of adenosine deaminase in ascitic fluid is an easy and reliable method for diagnosing tuberculous ascites. With these non invasive diagnostic procedures, surgery should be reserved only to patients with complications.

Background and Aims: The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a multifunctional organelle involved in synthesis, processing and folding of proteins, lipid biosynthesis, and regulation of calcium and redox homeostasis. Altered ER-function due to accumulation of misfolded/unfolded proteins, oxidative stress or depletion of ER calcium, lead to a condition called “ER-stress”, particularly important in cells with a high burden of protein synthesis as hepatocytes. Efavirenz, a non-nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor, is a cornerstone in the combined therapy of HIV1 infection. Despite being considered generally safe, it has been related to development of adverse events such as hepatic toxicity. Here we report the presence of specific ER-stress in human hepatic cells. Methods: Hep3B cells and primary human hepatocytes were exposed to short-term treatment (24h) with clinically relevant concentrations of Efavirenz. General cell biology methods were employed (RNA interference, RT-PCR, Western blot and fluorescence microscopy). Results: ER-stress markers indicative of several ER-stress pathways were up-regulated concentration-dependently by Efavirenz, including the expression of CHOP and GRP78, at protein and mRNA level, and the phosphorylated form of eIF-2a. Furthermore, we also detected an increase in the transcription of ATF4 and XBP-1, and presence of the spliced form s-XBP-1. Efavirenz also induced morphological changes in ER with enhanced ER-content and dilatation of its cisternae, and led to an increase in the cytosolic calcium level. All these changes were similar to those produced by the standard pharmacological ER-stressor, Thapsigargin. On the contrary, while Thapsigargin induced an increment in the mitochondrial calcium level, Efavirenz provoked a decrease. A differential effect was also observed with transient silencing of CHOP. The stimulating effect of Thapsigargin on the generation of reactive oxygen species and the increment in the ER-content was more pronounced in CHOP-depleted cells, but this exacerbated action was not observed when cells were treated with Efavirenz. Conclusions: Clinical concentrations of Efavirenz induce ER-stress in hepatic cells in a compound-specific manner. Given the lifelong and widespread use of Efavirenz in the multidrug therapy of HIV, this novel mechanism of cellular response to drug-induced stress could help to understand the frequent hepatic toxicities that accompany the treatment of HIV1 infection.

De tres nombreux cas d'hepatites lies a l'association amoxicilline - acide clavulanique ont ete rapportes [1]. En revanche, l'hepatotoxicite de l'amoxicilline a ete exceptionnellement decrite [2, 3]. Nous rapportons ici un cas d'hepatite aigue due a la prise isolee d'amoxicilline.