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1. The Double Chooz antineutrino detectors

Author: H. de Kerret, Y. Abe, C. Aberle, T. Abrahão, J. M. Ahijado, T. Akiri, J. M. Alarcón, J. Alba, H. Almazan, J. C. dos Anjos, S. Appel, F. Ardellier, I. Barabanov, J. C. Barriere, E. Baussan, A. Baxter, I. Bekman, M. Bergevin, A. Bernstein, W. Bertoli, T. J. C. Bezerra, L. Bezrukov, C. Blanco, N. Bleurvacq, E. Blucher, H. Bonet, M. Bongrand, N. S Bowden, T. Brugière, C. Buck, M. Buizza Avanzini, J. Busenitz, A. Cabrera, E. Caden, E. Calvo, L. Camilleri, R. Carr, S. Cazaux, J. M. Cela, M. Cerrada, P. J. Chang, P. Charon, E. Chauveau, P. Chimenti, T. Classen, A. P. Collin, E. Conover, J. M Conrad, S. Cormon, O. Corpace, B. Courty, J. I. Crespo-Anadón, M. Cribier, K. Crum, S. Cuadrado, A. Cucoanes, M. D’Agostino, E. Damon, J. V. Dawson, S. Dazeley, M. Dierckxsens, D. Dietrich, Z. Djurcic, F. Dorigo, M. Dracos, V. Durand, Y. Efremeko, M. Elnimr, A. Etenko, E. Falk, M. Fallot, M. Fechner, J. Felde, S. M. Fernandes, C. Fernández-Bedoya, D. Francia, D. Franco, V. Fischer, A. J. Franke, M. Franke, H. Furuta, F. Garcia, J. Garcia, I. Gil-Botella, L. Giot, A. Givaudan, M. Göger-Neff, H. Gomez, L. F. G. Gonzalez, L. Goodenough, M. C. Goodman, J. Goon, B. Gramlich, D. Greiner, A. Guertin, B. Guillon, S. M. Habib, Y. Haddad, T. Hara, F. X. Hartmann, J. Hartnell, J. Haser, A. Hatzikoutelis, D. Hellwig, S. Hervé, R. Hofacker, G. Horton-Smith, A. Hourlier, M. Ishitsuka, K. Jänner, S. Jiménez, J. Jochum, C. Jollet, F. Kaether, K. Kale, L. Kalousis, Y. Kamyshkov, M. Kaneda, D. M. Kaplan, M. Karakac, T. Kawasaki, E. Kemp, Y. Kibe, T. Kirchner, T. Konno, D. Kryn, T. Kutter, M. Kuze, T. Lachenmaier, C. E. Lane, C. Langbrandtner, T. Lasserre, C. Lastoria, L. Latron, C. Leonardo, A. Letourneau, D. Lhuillier, H. P. Lima, M. Lindner, J. M. López-Castaño, J. M. LoSecco, B. Lubsandorzhiev, S. Lucht, J. Maeda, C. N. Maesano, C. Mariani, J. Maricic, F. Marie, J. J. Martinez, J. Martino, T. Matsubara, D. McKee, F. Meigner, G. Mention, A. Meregaglia, J. P. Meyer, T. Miletic, R. Milincic, J. F. Millot, A. Minotti, V. Mirones, H. Miyata, Th. A. Mueller, Y. Nagasaka, K. Nakajima, D. Navas-Nicolás, Y. Nikitenko, P. Novella, L. Oberauer, M. Obolensky, A. Onillon, A. Oralbaev, I. Ostrovskiy, C. Palomares, S. J. M. Peeters, I. M. Pepe, S. Perasso, P. Perrin, P. Pfahler, A. Porta, G. Pronost, J. C. Puras, R. Quéval, J. L. Ramirez, J. Reichenbacher, B. Reinhold, M. Reissfelder, A. Remoto, D. Reyna, I. Rodriguez, M. Röhling, R. Roncin, N. Rudolf, B. Rybolt, Y. Sakamoto, R. Santorelli, F. Sato, U. Schwan, S. Schönert, S. Schoppmann, L. Scola, M. Settimo, M. A. Shaevitz, R. Sharankova, V. Sibille, J.-L. Sida, V. Sinev, D. Shrestha, M. Skorokhvatov, P. Soldin, J. Spitz, A. Stahl, I. Stancu, P. Starzynski, M. R. Stock, L. F. F. Stokes, M. Strait, A. Stüken, F. Suekane, S. Sukhotin, T. Sumiyoshi, Y. Sun, Z. Sun, R. Svoboda, H. Tabata, N. Tamura, K. Terao, A. Tonazzo, F. Toral, M. Toups, H. Trinh Thi, F. Valdivia, G. Valdiviesso, N. Vassilopoulos, A. Verdugo, C. Veyssiere, B. Viaud, D. Vignaud, M. Vivier, S. Wagner, C. Wiebusch, B. White, L. Winslow, M. Worcester, M. Wurm, J. Wurtz, G. Yang, J. Yáñez, F. Yermia, and K. Zbiri
Subjects: Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Abstract This article describes the setup and performance of the near and far detectors in the Double Chooz experiment. The electron antineutrinos of the Chooz nuclear power plant were measured in two identically designed detectors with different average baselines of about 400 m and 1050 m from the two reactor cores. Over many years of data taking the neutrino signals were extracted from interactions in the detectors with the goal of measuring a fundamental parameter in the context of neutrino oscillation, the mixing angle $$\theta _{13}$$ θ 13 . The central part of the Double Chooz detectors was a main detector comprising four cylindrical volumes filled with organic liquids. From the inside towards the outside there were volumes containing gadolinium-loaded scintillator, gadolinium-free scintillator, a buffer oil and, optically separated, another liquid scintillator acting as veto system. Above this main detector an additional outer veto system using plastic scintillator strips was installed. The technologies developed in Double Chooz were inspiration for several other antineutrino detectors in the field. The detector design allowed implementation of efficient background rejection techniques including use of pulse shape information provided by the data acquisition system. The Double Chooz detectors featured remarkable stability, in particular for the detected photons, as well as high radiopurity of the detector components.
Published: 2022
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2. Erratum to: The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) radioactivity and cleanliness control programs

Author: D. S. Akerib, C. W. Akerlof, D. Yu. Akimov, A. Alquahtani, S. K. Alsum, T. J. Anderson, N. Angelides, H. M. Araújo, A. Arbuckle, J. E. Armstrong, M. Arthurs, H. Auyeung, S. Aviles, X. Bai, A. J. Bailey, J. Balajthy, S. Balashov, J. Bang, M. J. Barry, D. Bauer, P. Bauer, A. Baxter, J. Belle, P. Beltrame, J. Bensinger, T. Benson, E. P. Bernard, A. Bernstein, A. Bhatti, A. Biekert, T. P. Biesiadzinski, H. J. Birch, B. Birrittella, K. E. Boast, A. I. Bolozdynya, E. M. Boulton, B. Boxer, R. Bramante, S. Branson, P. Brás, M. Breidenbach, C. A. J. Brew, J. H. Buckley, V. V. Bugaev, R. Bunker, S. Burdin, J. K. Busenitz, R. Cabrita, J. S. Campbell, C. Carels, D. L. Carlsmith, B. Carlson, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, M. Cascella, C. Chan, J. J. Cherwinka, A. A. Chiller, C. Chiller, N. I. Chott, A. Cole, J. Coleman, D. Colling, R. A. Conley, A. Cottle, R. Coughlen, G. Cox, W. W. Craddock, D. Curran, A. Currie, J. E. Cutter, J. P. da Cunha, C. E. Dahl, S. Dardin, S. Dasu, J. Davis, T. J. R. Davison, L. de Viveiros, N. Decheine, A. Dobi, J. E. Y. Dobson, E. Druszkiewicz, A. Dushkin, T. K. Edberg, W. R. Edwards, B. N. Edwards, J. Edwards, M. M. Elnimr, W. T. Emmet, S. R. Eriksen, C. H. Faham, A. Fan, S. Fayer, S. Fiorucci, H. Flaecher, I. M. Fogarty Florang, P. Ford, V. B. Francis, E. D. Fraser, F. Froborg, T. Fruth, R. J. Gaitskell, N. J. Gantos, D. Garcia, V. M. Gehman, R. Gelfand, J. Genovesi, R. M. Gerhard, C. Ghag, E. Gibson, M. G. D. Gilchriese, S. Gokhale, B. Gomber, T. G. Gonda, A. Greenall, S. Greenwood, G. Gregerson, M. G. D. van der Grinten, C. B. Gwilliam, C. R. Hall, D. Hamilton, S. Hans, K. Hanzel, T. Harrington, A. Harrison, J. Harrison, C. Hasselkus, S. J. Haselschwardt, D. Hemer, S. A. Hertel, J. Heise, S. Hillbrand, O. Hitchcock, C. Hjemfelt, M. D. Hoff, B. Holbrook, E. Holtom, J. Y-K. Hor, M. Horn, D. Q. Huang, T. W. Hurteau, C. M. Ignarra, M. N. Irving, R. G. Jacobsen, O. Jahangir, S. N. Jeffery, W. Ji, M. Johnson, J. Johnson, P. Johnson, W. G. Jones, A. C. Kaboth, A. Kamaha, K. Kamdin, V. Kasey, K. Kazkaz, J. Keefner, D. Khaitan, M. Khaleeq, A. Khazov, A. V. Khromov, I. Khurana, Y. D. Kim, W. T. Kim, C. D. Kocher, D. Kodroff, A. M. Konovalov, L. Korley, E. V. Korolkova, M. Koyuncu, J. Kras, H. Kraus, S. W. Kravitz, H. J. Krebs, L. Kreczko, B. Krikler, V. A. Kudryavtsev, A. V. Kumpan, S. Kyre, A. R. Lambert, B. Landerud, N. A. Larsen, A. Laundrie, E. A. Leason, H. S. Lee, J. Lee, C. Lee, B. G. Lenardo, D. S. Leonard, R. Leonard, K. T. Lesko, C. Levy, J. Li, Y. Liu, J. Liao, F.-T. Liao, J. Lin, A. Lindote, R. Linehan, W. H. Lippincott, R. Liu, X. Liu, C. Loniewski, M. I. Lopes, E. Lopez-Asamar, B. López Paredes, W. Lorenzon, D. Lucero, S. Luitz, J. M. Lyle, C. Lynch, P. A. Majewski, J. Makkinje, D. C. Malling, A. Manalaysay, L. Manenti, R. L. Mannino, N. Marangou, D. J. Markley, P. MarrLaundrie, T. J. Martin, M. F. Marzioni, C. Maupin, C. T. McConnell, D. N. McKinsey, J. McLaughlin, D.-M. Mei, Y. Meng, E. H. Miller, Z. J. Minaker, E. Mizrachi, J. Mock, D. Molash, A. Monte, M. E. Monzani, J. A. Morad, E. Morrison, B. J. Mount, A. St. J. Murphy, D. Naim, A. Naylor, C. Nedlik, C. Nehrkorn, H. N. Nelson, J. Nesbit, F. Neves, J. A. Nikkel, J. A. Nikoleyczik, A. Nilima, J. O’Dell, H. Oh, F. G. O’Neill, K. O’Sullivan, I. Olcina, M. A. Olevitch, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, L. Oxborough, A. Pagac, D. Pagenkopf, S. Pal, K. J. Palladino, V. M. Palmaccio, J. Palmer, M. Pangilinan, N. Parveen, S. J. Patton, E. K. Pease, B. P. Penning, G. Pereira, C. Pereira, I. B. Peterson, A. Piepke, S. Pierson, S. Powell, R. M. Preece, K. Pushkin, Y. Qie, M. Racine, B. N. Ratcliff, J. Reichenbacher, L. Reichhart, C. A. Rhyne, A. Richards, Q. Riffard, G. R. C. Rischbieter, J. P. Rodrigues, H. J. Rose, R. Rosero, P. Rossiter, R. Rucinski, G. Rutherford, J. S. Saba, L. Sabarots, D. Santone, M. Sarychev, A. B. M. R. Sazzad, R. W. Schnee, M. Schubnell, P. R. Scovell, M. Severson, D. Seymour, S. Shaw, G. W. Shutt, T. A. Shutt, J. J. Silk, C. Silva, K. Skarpaas, W. Skulski, A. R. Smith, R. J. Smith, R. E. Smith, J. So, M. Solmaz, V. N. Solovov, P. Sorensen, V. V. Sosnovtsev, I. Stancu, M. R. Stark, S. Stephenson, N. Stern, A. Stevens, T. M. Stiegler, K. Stifter, R. Studley, T. J. Sumner, K. Sundarnath, P. Sutcliffe, N. Swanson, M. Szydagis, M. Tan, W. C. Taylor, R. Taylor, D. J. Taylor, D. Temples, B. P. Tennyson, P. A. Terman, K. J. Thomas, J. A. Thomson, D. R. Tiedt, M. Timalsina, W. H. To, A. Tomás, T. E. Tope, M. Tripathi, D. R. Tronstad, C. E. Tull, W. Turner, L. Tvrznikova, M. Utes, U. Utku, S. Uvarov, J. Va’vra, A. Vacheret, A. Vaitkus, J. R. Verbus, T. Vietanen, E. Voirin, C. O. Vuosalo, S. Walcott, W. L. Waldron, K. Walker, J. J. Wang, R. Wang, L. Wang, W. Wang, Y. Wang, J. R. Watson, J. Migneault, S. Weatherly, R. C. Webb, W.-Z. Wei, M. While, R. G. White, J. T. White, D. T. White, T. J. Whitis, W. J. Wisniewski, K. Wilson, M. S. Witherell, F. L. H. Wolfs, J. D. Wolfs, D. Woodward, S. D. Worm, X. Xiang, Q. Xiao, J. Xu, M. Yeh, J. Yin, I. Young, C. Zhang, and P. Zarzhitsky
Subjects: Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Published: 2022
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3. Insights from the first flaring activity of a high-synchrotron-peaked blazar with X-ray polarization and VHE gamma rays

Author: Abe, K., Abe, S., Abhir, J., Abhishek, A., Acciari, V. A., Aguasca-Cabot, A., Agudo, I., Aniello, T., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Engels, A. Arbet, Arcaro, C., Asano, K., Babić, A., de Almeida, U. Barres, Barrio, J. A., Barrios-Jiménez, L., Batković, I., Baxter, J., González, J. Becerra, Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Bernete, J., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Bošnjak, Ž., Bronzini, E., Burelli, I., Campoy-Ordaz, A., Carosi, A., Carosi, R., Carretero-Castrillo, M., Castro-Tirado, A. J., Cerasole, D., Ceribella, G., Chai, Y., Chilingarian, A., Cifuentes, A., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D'Ammando, F., D'Amico, G., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., de Menezes, R., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Mendez, C. Delgado, Di Pierro, F., Di Tria, R., Di Venere, L., Dinesh, A., Prester, D. Dominis, Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Eisenberger, L., Elsaesser, D., Escudero, J., Fariña, L., Foffano, L., Font, L., Fröse, S., Fukazawa, Y., López, R. J. García, Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Paiva, J. G. Giesbrecht, Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Gliwny, P., Godinović, N., Gradetzke, T., Grau, R., Green, D., Green, J. G., Günther, P., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Heckmann, L., Llorente, J. Herrera, Hrupec, D., Imazawa, R., Israyelyan, D., Itokawa, T., Martínez, I. Jiménez, Quiles, J. Jiménez, Jormanainen, J., Kankkunen, S., Kayanoki, T., Kerszberg, D., Khachatryan, M., Kluge, G. W., Kobayashi, Y., Konrad, J., Kouch, P. M., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Láinez, M., Lamastra, A., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López-Coto, R., López-Moya, M., López-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., Lorini, A., Lyard, E., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mangano, S., Mannheim, K., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Maruševec, P., Mas-Aguilar, A., Mazin, D., Menchiari, S., Mender, S., Miceli, D., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., González, M. Molero, Molina, E., Mondal, H. A., Moralejo, A., Nakamori, T., Nanci, C., Neustroev, V., Nickel, L., Rosillo, M. Nievas, Nigro, C., Nikolić, L., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Ekoume, T. Njoh, Noda, K., Nozaki, S., Okumura, A., Paiano, S., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Peresano, M., Persic, M., Pihet, M., Pirola, G., Podobnik, F., Moroni, P. G. Prada, Prandini, E., Principe, G., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Saturni, F. G., Schmuckermaier, F., Schubert, J. L., Sciaccaluga, A., Silvestri, G., Sitarek, J., Sliusar, V., Sobczynska, D., Stamerra, A., Strišković, J., Strom, D., Strzys, M., Suda, Y., Tajima, H., Takahashi, M., Takeishi, R., Temnikov, P., Terauchi, K., Terzić, T., Teshima, M., Truzzi, S., Tutone, A., Ubach, S., van Scherpenberg, J., Ventura, S., Verna, G., Viale, I., Vigliano, A., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vovk, I., Walter, R., Wersig, F., Will, M., Yamamoto, T., Yeung, P. K. H., Liodakis, I., Middei, R., Kiehlmann, S., Gesu, L. D., Kim, D. E., Ehlert, S. R., Saade, M. L., Kaaret, P., Maksym, W. P., Chen, C. T., Pérez, I. De La Calle, Perri, M., Verrecchia, F., Domann, O., Dürr, S., Feige, M., Heidemann, M., Koppitz, O., Manhalter, G., Reinhart, D., Steineke, R., Lorey, C., McCall, C., Jermak, H. E., Steele, I. A., Ramazani, V. Fallah, Otero-Santos, J., Morcuende, D., Aceituno, F. J., Casanova, V., Sota, A., Jorstad, S. G., Marscher, A. P., Pauley, C., Sasada, M., Kawabata, K. S., Uemura, M., Mizuno, T., Nakaoka, T., Akitaya, H., Myserlis, I., Gurwell, M., Keating, G. K., Rao, R., Angelakis, E., and Kraus, A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: We study a flaring activity of the HSP Mrk421 that was characterized from radio to very-high-energy (VHE; E $>0.1$TeV) gamma rays with MAGIC, Fermi-LAT, Swift, XMM-Newton and several optical and radio telescopes. These observations included, for the first time for a gamma-ray flare of a blazar, simultaneous X-ray polarization measurements with IXPE. We find substantial variability in both X-rays and VHE gamma rays throughout the campaign, with the highest VHE flux above 0.2 TeV occurring during the IXPE observing window, and exceeding twice the flux of the Crab Nebula. However, the VHE and X-ray spectra are on average softer, and the correlation between these two bands weaker that those reported in previous flares of Mrk421. IXPE reveals an X-ray polarization degree significantly higher than that at radio and optical frequencies. The X-ray polarization angle varies by $\sim$100$^\circ$ on timescales of days, and the polarization degree changes by more than a factor 4. The highest X-ray polarization degree reaches 26%, around which a X-ray counter-clockwise hysteresis loop is measured with XMM-Newton. It suggests that the X-ray emission comes from particles close to the high-energy cutoff, hence possibly probing an extreme case of the Turbulent Extreme Multi-Zone model. We model the broadband emission with a simplified stratified jet model throughout the flare. The polarization measurements imply an electron distribution in the X-ray emitting region with a very high minimum Lorentz factor, which is expected in electron-ion plasma, as well as a variation of the emitting region size up to a factor of three during the flaring activity. We find no correlation between the fluxes and the evolution of the model parameters, which indicates a stochastic nature of the underlying physical mechanism. Such behaviour would be expected in a highly turbulent electron-ion plasma crossing a shock front., Comment: Submitted to Astronomy and Astrophysics. Corresponding authors: Axel Arbet-Engels, Lea Heckmann, David Paneque
Published: 2024

4. Multi-wavelength study of OT 081: broadband modelling of a transitional blazar

Author: MAGIC Collaboration, Abe, H., Abe, S., Acciari, V. A., Agudo, I., Aniello, T., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Engels, A. Arbet, Arcaro, C., Artero, M., Asano, K., Baack, D., Babić, A., Baquero, A., de Almeida, U. Barres, Batković, I., Baxter, J., Bernardini, E., Bernardos, M., Bernete, J., Berti, A., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Bošnjak, Ž., Burelli, I., Busetto, G., Campoy-Ordaz, A., Carosi, A., Carosi, R., Carretero-Castrillo, M., Castro-Tirado, A. J., Chai, Y., Cifuentes, A., Cikota, S., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D'Amico, G., D'Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Del Popolo, A., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Mendez, C. Delgado, Depaoli, D., Di Pierro, F., Di Venere, L., Prester, D. Dominis, Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Emery, G., Escudero, J., Fariña, L., Fattorini, A., Foffano, L., Font, L., Fukami, S., Fukazawa, Y., López, R. J. García, Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Paiva, J. G. Giesbrecht, Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Gliwny, P., Grau, R., Green, J. G., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Heckmann, L., Herrera, J., Hrupec, D., Hütten, M., Imazawa, R., Inada, T., Iotov, R., Ishio, K., Martínez, I. Jiménez, Jormanainen, J., Kerszberg, D., Kluge, G. W., Kobayashi, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lezáun, M. Láinez, Lamastra, A., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Linhoff, L., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López-Moya, M., López-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., Lorini, A., Fraga, B. Machado de Oliveira, Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Maneva, G., Mang, N., Manganaro, M., Mangano, S., Mannheim, K., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Mas-Aguilar, A., Mazin, D., Menchiari, S., Mender, S., Mićanović, S., Miceli, D., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Mondal, H. A., Morcuende, D., Nanci, C., Neustroev, V., Nigro, C., Nishijima, K., Ekoume, T. Njoh, Noda, K., Nozaki, S., Ohtani, Y., Otero-Santos, J., Paiano, S., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pavletić, L., Persic, M., Pihet, M., Pirola, G., Podobnik, F., Moroni, P. G. Prada, Prandini, E., Principe, G., Priyadarshi, C., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Satalecka, K., Saturni, F. G., Schleicher, B., Schmidt, K., Schmuckermaier, F., Schubert, J. L., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Spolon, A., Stamerra, A., Strišković, J., Strom, D., Suda, Y., Surić, T., Suutarinen, S., Tajima, H., Takahashi, M., Takeishi, R., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Teshima, M., Tosti, L., Truzzi, S., Ubach, S., van Scherpenberg, J., Ventura, S., Verguilov, V., Viale, I., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Walter, R., Yamamoto, T., Collaborators, Benkhali, F. Ait, Becherini, Y., Bi, B., Böttcher, M., Bolmont, J., Brown, A., Bulik, T., Casanova, S., Chand, T., Chandra, S., Chibueze, J., Chibueze, O., Egberts, K., Einecke, S., Ernenwein, J. -P., Fontaine, G., Gabici, S., Goswami, P., Holler, M., Jamrozy, M., Joshi, V., Kasai, E., Katarzyński, K., Khatoon, R., Khélifi, B., Kluzniak, W., Kosack, K., Stum, S. Le, Lemière, A., Marx, R., Moderski, R., Moghadam, M. O., de Naurois, M., Niemiec, J., O'Brien, P., Ostrowski, M., Peron, G., Pita, S., Pühlhofer, G., Quirrenbach, A., Rudak, B., Sahakian, V., Sanchez, D. A., Santangelo, A., Sasaki, M., Schutte, H. M., Seglar-Arroyo, M., Shapopi, J. N. S., Steenkamp, R., Steppa, C., Suzuki, H., Tanaka, T., Tluczykont, M., Venter, C., Wagner, S. J., Wierzcholska, A., Zdziarski, A. A., Żywucka, N., Collaboration, Fermi-LAT, González, J. Becerra, Ciprini, S., Venters, T. M., collaborators, MWL, D'Ammando, F., Esteban-Gutiérrez, A., Ramazani, V. Fallah, Filippenko, A. V., Hovatta, T., Jermak, H., Jorstad, S., Kiehlmann, S., Lähteenmäki, A., Larionov, V. M., Larionova, E., Marscher, A. P., Morozova, D., Max-Moerbeck, W., Readhead, A. C. S., Reeves, R., Steele, I. A., Tornikoski, M., Verrecchia, F., Xiao, H., and Zheng, W.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: OT 081 is a well-known, luminous blazar that is remarkably variable in many energy bands. We present the first broadband study of the source which includes very-high-energy (VHE, $E>$100\,GeV) $\gamma$-ray data taken by the MAGIC and H.E.S.S. imaging Cherenkov telescopes. The discovery of VHE $\gamma$-ray emission happened during a high state of $\gamma$-ray activity in July 2016, observed by many instruments from radio to VHE $\gamma$-rays. We identify four states of activity of the source, one of which includes VHE $\gamma$-ray emission. Variability in the VHE domain is found on daily timescales. The intrinsic VHE spectrum can be described by a power-law with index $3.27\pm0.44_{\rm stat}\pm0.15_{\rm sys}$ (MAGIC) and $3.39\pm0.58_{\rm stat}\pm0.64_{\rm sys}$ (H.E.S.S.) in the energy range of 55--300\,GeV and 120--500\,GeV, respectively. The broadband emission cannot be sucessfully reproduced by a simple one-zone synchrotron self-Compton model. Instead, an additional external Compton component is required. We test a lepto-hadronic model that reproduces the dataset well and a proton-synchrotron dominated model that requires an extreme proton luminosity. Emission models that are able to successfully represent the data place the emitting region well outside of the Broad Line Region (BLR) to a location at which the radiative environment is dominated by the infrared thermal radiation field of the dusty torus. In the scenario described by this flaring activity, the source appears to be an FSRQ, in contrast with past categorizations. This suggests that the source can be considered to be a transitional blazar, intermediate between BL~Lac and FSRQ objects., Comment: Accepted on MNRAS Corresponding authors: M. Manganaro, J. Becerra Gonz\'alez, M. Seglar-Arroyo, D. A. Sanchez
Published: 2024

5. A new method of reconstructing images of gamma-ray telescopes applied to the LST-1 of CTAO

Author: Project, CTA-LST, Abe, K., Abe, S., Abhishek, A., Acero, F., Aguasca-Cabot, A., Agudo, I., Alispach, C., Crespo, N. Alvarez, Ambrosino, D., Antonelli, L. A., Aramo, C., Arbet-Engels, A., Arcaro, C., Asano, K., Aubert, P., Baktash, A., Balbo, M., Bamba, A., Larriva, A. Baquero, de Almeida, U. Barres, Barrio, J. A., Jiménez, L. Barrios, Batkovic, I., Baxter, J., González, J. Becerra, Bernardini, E., Medrano, J. Bernete, Berti, A., Bezshyiko, I., Bhattacharjee, P., Bigongiari, C., Bissaldi, E., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Bordas, P., Borkowski, G., Brunelli, G., Bulgarelli, A., Burelli, I., Burmistrov, L., Buscemi, M., Cardillo, M., Caroff, S., Carosi, A., Carrasco, M. S., Cassol, F., Castrejón, N., Cauz, D., Cerasole, D., Ceribella, G., Chai, Y., Cheng, K., Chiavassa, A., Chikawa, M., Chon, G., Chytka, L., Cicciari, G. M., Cifuentes, A., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Costantini, H., Da Vela, P., Dalchenko, M., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., de Lavergne, M. de Bony, De Lotto, B., de Menezes, R., Del Burgo, R., Del Peral, L., Delgado, C., Mengual, J. Delgado, della Volpe, D., Dellaiera, M., Di Piano, A., Di Pierro, F., Di Tria, R., Di Venere, L., Díaz, C., Dominik, R. M., Prester, D. Dominis, Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Eisenberger, L., Elsässer, D., Emery, G., Escudero, J., Ramazani, V. Fallah, Ferrarotto, F., Fiasson, A., Foffano, L., Coromina, L. Freixas, Fröse, S., Fukazawa, Y., López, R. Garcia, Gasbarra, C., Gasparrini, D., Geyer, D., Paiva, J. Giesbrecht, Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Gliwny, P., Godinovic, N., Grau, R., Green, D., Green, J., Gunji, S., Günther, P., Hackfeld, J., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Hayashi, K., Heckmann, L., Heller, M., Llorente, J. Herrera, Hirotani, K., Hoffmann, D., Horns, D., Houles, J., Hrabovsky, M., Hrupec, D., Hui, D., Iarlori, M., Imazawa, R., Inada, T., Inome, Y., Inoue, S., Ioka, K., Iori, M., Iuliano, A., Martinez, I. Jimenez, Quiles, J. Jimenez, Jurysek, J., Kagaya, M., Kalashev, O., Karas, V., Katagiri, H., Kataoka, J., Kerszberg, D., Kobayashi, Y., Kohri, K., Kong, A., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lainez, M., Lamanna, G., Lamastra, A., Lemoigne, L., Linhoff, M., Longo, F., López-Coto, R., López-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., Lorini, A., Bahilo, J. Lozano, Luciani, H., Luque-Escamilla, P. L., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallamaci, M., Mandat, D., Manganaro, M., Manicò, G., Mannheim, K., Marchesi, S., Mariotti, M., Marquez, P., Marsella, G., Martí, J., Martinez, O., Martínez, G., Martínez, M., Mas-Aguilar, A., Maurin, G., Mazin, D., Méndez-Gallego, J., Guillen, E. Mestre, Micanovic, S., Miceli, D., Miener, T., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Mizuno, T., Gonzalez, M. Molero, Molina, E., Montaruli, T., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Morselli, A., Moya, V., Muraishi, H., Nagataki, S., Nakamori, T., Neronov, A., Nickel, L., Rosillo, M. Nievas, Nikolic, L., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nozaki, S., Ohishi, M., Ohtani, Y., Oka, T., Okumura, A., Orito, R., Otero-Santos, J., Ottanelli, P., Owen, E., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Pantaleo, F. R., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pech, M., Pecimotika, M., Peresano, M., Pfeifle, F., Pietropaolo, E., Pihet, M., Pirola, G., Plard, C., Podobnik, F., Pons, E., Prandini, E., Priyadarshi, C., Prouza, M., Rainò, S., Rando, R., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Righi, C., Rizi, V., Fernandez, G. Rodriguez, Frías, M. D. Rodríguez, Ruina, A., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Saito, T., Sakurai, S., Sanchez, D. A., Sano, H., Šarić, T., Sato, Y., Saturni, F. G., Savchenko, V., Schiavone, F., Schleicher, B., Schmuckermaier, F., Schubert, J. L., Schussler, F., Schweizer, T., Arroyo, M. Seglar, Siegert, T., Sitarek, J., Sliusar, V., Strišković, J., Strzys, M., Suda, Y., Tajima, H., Takahashi, H., Takahashi, M., Takata, J., Takeishi, R., Tam, P. H. T., Tanaka, S. J., Tateishi, D., Tavernier, T., Temnikov, P., Terada, Y., Terauchi, K., Terzic, T., Teshima, M., Tluczykont, M., Tokanai, F., Torres, D. F., Travnicek, P., Tutone, A., Vacula, M., Vallania, P., van Scherpenberg, J., Acosta, M. Vázquez, Ventura, S., Verna, G., Viale, I., Vigliano, A., Vigorito, C. F., Visentin, E., Vitale, V., Voitsekhovskyi, V., Voutsinas, G., Vovk, I., Vuillaume, T., Walter, R., Wan, L., Will, M., Wójtowicz, J., Yamamoto, T., Yamazaki, R., Yeung, P. K. H., Yoshida, T., Yoshikoshi, T., Zhang, W., and Zywucka, N.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: Imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs) are used to observe very high-energy photons from the ground. Gamma rays are indirectly detected through the Cherenkov light emitted by the air showers they induce. The new generation of experiments, in particular the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory (CTAO), sets ambitious goals for discoveries of new gamma-ray sources and precise measurements of the already discovered ones. To achieve these goals, both hardware and data analysis must employ cutting-edge techniques. This also applies to the LST-1, the first IACT built for the CTAO, which is currently taking data on the Canary island of La Palma. This paper introduces a new event reconstruction technique for IACT data, aiming to improve the image reconstruction quality and the discrimination between the signal and the background from misidentified hadrons and electrons. The technique models the development of the extensive air shower signal, recorded as a waveform per pixel, seen by CTAO telescopes' cameras. Model parameters are subsequently passed to random forest regressors and classifiers to extract information on the primary particle. The new reconstruction was applied to simulated data and to data from observations of the Crab Nebula performed by the LST-1. The event reconstruction method presented here shows promising performance improvements. The angular and energy resolution, and the sensitivity, are improved by 10 to 20% over most of the energy range. At low energy, improvements reach up to 22%, 47%, and 50%, respectively. A future extension of the method to stereoscopic analysis for telescope arrays will be the next important step., Comment: Accepted in A&A
Published: 2024

6. Rician Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models For Sodium Breast MRI Enhancement

Author: Yuan, Shuaiyu, Whitmarsh, Tristan, Kessler, Dimitri A, Arponen, Otso, McLean, Mary A, Baxter, Gabrielle, Riemer, Frank, Kennerley, Aneurin J, Brackenbury, William J, Gilbert, Fiona J, and Kaggie, Joshua D
Subjects: Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, I.4.3
Abstract: Sodium MRI is an imaging technique used to visualize and quantify sodium concentrations in vivo, playing a role in many biological processes and potentially aiding in breast cancer characterization. Sodium MRI, however, suffers from inherently low signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) and spatial resolution, compared with conventional proton MRI. A deep-learning method, the Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models (DDPM), has demonstrated success across a wide range of denoising tasks, yet struggles with sodium MRI's unique noise profile, as DDPM primarily targets Gaussian noise. DDPM can distort features when applied to sodium MRI. This paper advances the DDPM by introducing the Rician Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models (RDDPM) for sodium MRI denoising. RDDPM converts Rician noise to Gaussian noise at each timestep during the denoising process. The model's performance is evaluated using three non-reference image quality assessment metrics, where RDDPM consistently outperforms DDPM and other CNN-based denoising methods., Comment: 3 figures
Published: 2024

7. A novel, finite-element-based framework for sparse data solution reconstruction and multiple choices

Author: Bielajewa, Wiera, Baxter, Michelle, and Nithiarasu, Perumal
Subjects: Computer Science - Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science
Abstract: Digital twinning offers a capability of effective real-time monitoring and control, which are vital for cost-intensive experimental facilities, particularly the ones where extreme conditions exist. Sparse experimental measurements collected by various diagnostic sensors are usually the only source of information available during the course of a physical experiment. Consequently, in order to enable monitoring and control of the experiment (digital twinning), the ability to perform inverse analysis, facilitating the full field solution reconstruction from the sparse experimental data in real time, is crucial. This paper shows for the first time that it is possible to directly solve inverse problems, such as solution reconstruction, where some or all boundary conditions (BCs) are unknown, by purely using a finite-element (FE) approach, without needing to employ any traditional inverse analysis techniques or any machine learning models, as is normally done in the field. This novel and efficient FE-based inverse analysis framework employs a conventional FE discretisation, splits the loading vector into two parts corresponding to the known and unknown BCs, and then defines a loss function based on that split. In spite of the loading vector split, the loss function preserves the element connectivity. This function is minimised using a gradient-based optimisation. Furthermore, this paper presents a novel modification of this approach, which allows it to generate a range of different solutions satisfying given requirements in a controlled manner. Controlled multiple solution generation in the context of inverse problems and their intrinsic ill-posedness is a novel notion, which has not been explored before. This is done in order to potentially introduce the capability of semi-autonomous system control with intermittent human intervention to the workflow.
Published: 2024

8. Standardised formats and open-source analysis tools for the MAGIC telescopes data

Author: Abe, S., Abhir, J., Abhishek, A., Acciari, V. A., Aguasca-Cabot, A., Agudo, I., Aniello, T., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Engels, A. Arbet, Arcaro, C., Artero, M., Asano, K., Babić, A., de Almeida, U. Barres, Barrio, J. A., Batković, I., Bautista, A., Baxter, J., González, J. Becerra, Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Bernete, J., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Bošnjak, Ž., Bronzini, E., Burelli, I., Busetto, G., Campoy-Ordaz, A., Carosi, A., Carosi, R., Carretero-Castrillo, M., Castro-Tirado, A. J., Cerasole, D., Ceribella, G., Chai, Y., Cifuentes, A., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D'Amico, G., D'Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., de Menezes, R., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Di Pierro, F., Di Tria, R., Di Venere, L., Prester, D. Dominis, Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Escudero, J., Fariña, L., Fattorini, A., Foffano, L., Font, L., Fröse, S., Fukami, S., Fukazawa, Y., López, R. J. García, Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Paiva, J. G. Giesbrecht, Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Gliwny, P., Gradetzke, T., Grau, R., Green, D., Green, J. G., Günther, P., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Heckmann, L., Llorente, J. Herrera, Hrupec, D., Hütten, M., Imazawa, R., Ishio, K., Martínez, I. Jiménez, Jormanainen, J., Kayanoki, T., Kerszberg, D., Kluge, G. W., Kobayashi, Y., Kouch, P. M., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Láinez, M., Lamastra, A., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López-Coto, R., López-Moya, M., López-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., Lorini, A., Lyard, E., Fraga, B. Machado de Oliveira, Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mangano, S., Mannheim, K., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Martínez-Chicharro, M., Mas-Aguilar, A., Mazin, D., Menchiari, S., Mender, S., Miceli, D., Miener, T., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., González, M. Molero, Molina, E., Mondal, H. A., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Nakamori, T., Nanci, C., Neustroev, V., Nickel, L., Rosillo, M. Nievas, Nigro, C., Nikolić, L., Nishijima, K., Ekoume, T. Njoh, Noda, K., Nozaki, S., Ohtani, Y., Okumura, A., Otero-Santos, J., Paiano, S., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Peresano, M., Persic, M., Pihet, M., Pirola, G., Podobnik, F., Moroni, P. G. Prada, Prandini, E., Principe, G., Priyadarshi, C., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Saturni, F. G., Schmidt, K., Schmuckermaier, F., Schubert, J. L., Schweizer, T., Sciaccaluga, A., Silvestri, G., Sitarek, J., Sliusar, V., Sobczynska, D., Spolon, A., Stamerra, A., Strišković, J., Strom, D., Strzys, M., Suda, Y., Suutarinen, S., Tajima, H., Takahashi, M., Takeishi, R., Temnikov, P., Terauchi, K., Terzić, T., Teshima, M., Truzzi, S., Tutone, A., Ubach, S., van Scherpenberg, J., Acosta, M. Vazquez, Ventura, S., Viale, I., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vovk, I., Walter, R., Will, M., Wunderlich, C., Yamamoto, T., Jouvin, L., Linhoff, L., and Linhoff, M.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Instruments for gamma-ray astronomy at Very High Energies ($E>100\,{\rm GeV}$) have traditionally derived their scientific results through proprietary data and software. Data standardisation has become a prominent issue in this field both as a requirement for the dissemination of data from the next generation of gamma-ray observatories and as an effective solution to realise public data legacies of current-generation instruments. Specifications for a standardised gamma-ray data format have been proposed as a community effort and have already been successfully adopted by several instruments. We present the first production of standardised data from the Major Atmospheric Gamma-ray Imaging Cherenkov (MAGIC) telescopes. We converted $166\,{\rm h}$ of observations from different sources and validated their analysis with the open-source software Gammapy. We consider six data sets representing different scientific and technical analysis cases and compare the results obtained analysing the standardised data with open-source software against those produced with the MAGIC proprietary data and software. Aiming at a systematic production of MAGIC data in this standardised format, we also present the implementation of a database-driven pipeline automatically performing the MAGIC data reduction from the calibrated down to the standardised data level. In all the cases selected for the validation, we obtain results compatible with the MAGIC proprietary software, both for the manual and for the automatic data productions. Part of the validation data set is also made publicly available, thus representing the first large public release of MAGIC data. This effort and this first data release represent a technical milestone toward the realisation of a public MAGIC data legacy., Comment: Accepted for publication in the Journal of High Energy Astrophysics
Published: 2024

9. Examining the physical and psychological effects of combining multimodal feedback with continuous control in prosthetic hands

Author: Chappell, Digby, Yang, Zeyu, Clark, Angus B., Berkovic, Alexandre, Laganier, Colin, Baxter, Weston, Bello, Fernando, Kormushev, Petar, and Rojas, Nicolas
Subjects: Computer Science - Robotics
Abstract: Myoelectric prosthetic hands are typically controlled to move between discrete positions and do not provide sensory feedback to the user. In this work, we present and evaluate a closed-loop, continuous myoelectric prosthetic hand controller, that can continuously control the position of multiple degrees of freedom of a prosthesis while rendering proprioceptive feedback to the user via a haptic feedback armband. Twenty-eight participants without and ten participants with limb difference were recruited to holistically evaluate the physical and psychological effects of the controller via isolated control and sensory tasks, dexterity assessments, embodiment and task load questionnaires, and post-study interviews. The combination of proprioceptive feedback and continuous control enabled accurate positioning, to within 10% mean absolute motor position error, and grasp-force modulation, to within 20% mean absolute motor force error, and restored blindfolded object identification ability to open-loop discrete controller levels. Dexterity assessment and embodiment questionnaire results revealed no significant physical performance or psychological embodiment differences between control types, with the exception of perceived sensation, which was significantly higher (p < 0.001) for closed-loop controllers. Key differences between participants with and without upper limb difference were identified, including in perceived body completeness and frustration, which can inform future prosthesis development and rehabilitation., Comment: 17 pages, 5 figures, 1 table. Submitted to Scientific Reports
Published: 2024

10. Superclustering with the Atacama Cosmology Telescope and Dark Energy Survey: II. Anisotropic large-scale coherence in hot gas, galaxies, and dark matter

Author: Lokken, M., van Engelen, A., Aguena, M., Allam, S. S., Anbajagane, D., Bacon, D., Baxter, E., Blazek, J., Bocquet, S., Bond, J. R., Brooks, D., Calabrese, E., Rosell, A. Carnero, Carretero, J., Costanzi, M., da Costa, L. N., Coulton, W. R., De Vicente, J., Desai, S., Doel, P., Doux, C., Duivenvoorden, A. J., Dunkley, J., Huang, Z., Everett, S., Ferrero, I., Frieman, J., García-Bellido, J., Gatti, M., Gaztanaga, E., Giannini, G., Gluscevic, V., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Guan, Y., Gutierrez, G., Hinton, S. R., Hložek, R., Hollowood, D. L., Honscheid, K., James, D. J., Kuehn, K., Lahav, O., Lee, S., Li, Z., Madhavacheril, M., Marques, G. A., Marshall, J. L., Mena-Fernández, J., Menanteau, F., Miquel, R., Myles, J., Niemack, M. D., Pandey, S., Pereira, M. E. S., Pieres, A., Malagón, A. A. Plazas, Porredon, A., Rodríguez-Monroy, M., Roodman, A., Samuroff, S., Sanchez, E., Cid, D. Sanchez, Santiago, B., Schubnell, M., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Sifón, C., Smith, M., Staggs, S., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., To, C-H., Weaverdyck, N., Wiseman, P., and Wollack, E. J.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: Statistics that capture the directional dependence of the baryon distribution in the cosmic web enable unique tests of cosmology and astrophysical feedback. We use constrained oriented stacking of thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (tSZ) maps to measure the anisotropic distribution of hot gas $2.5-40$ Mpc away from galaxy clusters embedded in massive filaments and superclusters. The cluster selection and orientation (at a scale of $\sim15$ Mpc) use Dark Energy Survey (DES) Year 3 data, while expanded tSZ maps from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope Data Release 6 enable a $\sim3\times$ more significant measurement of the extended gas compared to the technique's proof-of-concept. Decomposing stacks into cosine multipoles of order $m$, we detect a dipole ($m=1$) and quadrupole ($m=2$) at $8-10\sigma$, as well as evidence for $m=4$ signal at up to $6\sigma$, indicating sensitivity to late-time non-Gaussianity. We compare to the Cardinal simulations with spherical gas models pasted onto dark matter halos. The fiducial tSZ data can discriminate between two models that deplete pressure differently in low-mass halos (mimicking astrophysical feedback), preferring higher average pressure in extended structures. However, uncertainty in the amount of cosmic infrared background contamination reduces the constraining power. Additionally, we apply the technique to DES galaxy density and weak lensing to study for the first time their oriented relationships with tSZ. In the tSZ-to-lensing relation, averaged on 7.5 Mpc (transverse) scales, we observe dependence on redshift but not shape or radial distance. Thus, on large scales, the superclustering of gas pressure, galaxies, and total matter is coherent in shape and extent., Comment: 45 pages, 18 figures, submitted to ApJ
Published: 2024

11. Perceptions and Use of Automated Hospital Outcome Data by EMS Providers: A Pilot Study

Author: Kaduce, Michael, Fernandez, Antonio, Bourn, Scott, Calhoun, Dustin, Williams, Jefferson, DeLuca, Mallory, Abraham, Heidi, Uhl, Kevin, Bregenzer, Brian, Larmon, Baxter, Crowe, Remle, Treichel, Alison, and Myers, J. Brent
Subjects: emergency medical services, continuing education, Microlearning, continued competency
Abstract: Background: Our primary objective evaluated the perception of emergency medical service (EMS) providers’ review of automated hospital outcome data. Secondarily, we assessed participation in outcome review as a means of microlearning to obtain continuing education (CE).Methods: From October–December 2023, three high-volume EMS systems participated in a three-part intervention with results evaluated using a mixed-methods approach. First, EMS providers (emergency medical technicians and paramedics) were invited, via their electronic health record (EHR), to complete a presurvey evaluating their perceptions of reviewing outcomes. Then, EMS providers were notiﬁed about the opportunity to earn CE via a microlearning intervention, offering Commission on Accreditation for Pre-Hospital Continuing Education (CAPCE)-approved CE hours for completion of outcome reviews and associated learning modules. Finally, EMS providers were invited to complete a post-survey mirroring the pre-survey. Qualitative analyses identiﬁed themes among open-ended responses. Quantitative analyses examined perceptions between pre- and post- surveys.Results: Of 843 providers contacted, 217 responded to the pre-survey (25.7%). The most endorsed rationale for reviewing outcomes included improving clinical knowledge (95%), improving patient care (94%), and knowing whether care made a difference (93%). Nearly all (91%) reported being more likely to review outcomes if CE were awarded. Among the 67 who completed the open-ended items, the three dominant themes included enhance personal conﬁdence and competence (43%); acquire personal knowledge (39%); and operations (21%). Of 211 providers who participated in the intervention, 56 (27%) were awarded CE. A total of 152 providers responded to the post-survey, and the percentage who agreed that reviewing outcomes improves job satisfaction rose from 89% to 95% between pre- and post-surveys (P = 0.05).Conclusion: EMS providers supported the personal and professional development and patient care improvement of reviewing patients’ outcomes with associated CE. Further study is warranted to evaluate the generalizability of these ﬁndings and the best user experience.
Published: 2024

12. A Deep-Learning-Based Label-free No-Reference Image Quality Assessment Metric: Application in Sodium MRI Denoising

Author: Yuan, Shuaiyu, Whitmarsh, Tristan, Kessler, Dimitri A, Arponen, Otso, McLean, Mary A, Baxter, Gabrielle, Riemer, Frank, Kennerley, Aneurin J, Brackenbury, William J, Gilbert, Fiona J, and Kaggie, Joshua D
Subjects: Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract: New multinuclear MRI techniques, such as sodium MRI, generally suffer from low image quality due to an inherently low signal. Postprocessing methods, such as image denoising, have been developed for image enhancement. However, the assessment of these enhanced images is challenging especially considering when there is a lack of high resolution and high signal images as reference, such as in sodium MRI. No-reference Image Quality Assessment (NR-IQA) metrics are approaches to solve this problem. Existing learning-based NR-IQA metrics rely on labels derived from subjective human opinions or metrics like Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), which are either time-consuming or lack accurate ground truths, resulting in unreliable assessment. We note that deep learning (DL) models have a unique characteristic in that they are specialized to a characteristic training set, meaning that deviations between the input testing data from the training data will reduce prediction accuracy. Therefore, we propose a novel DL-based NR-IQA metric, the Model Specialization Metric (MSM), which does not depend on ground-truth images or labels. MSM measures the difference between the input image and the model's prediction for evaluating the quality of the input image. Experiments conducted on both simulated distorted proton T1-weighted MR images and denoised sodium MR images demonstrate that MSM exhibits a superior evaluation performance on various simulated noises and distortions. MSM also has a substantial agreement with the expert evaluations, achieving an averaged Cohen's Kappa coefficient of 0.6528, outperforming the existing NR-IQA metrics., Comment: 13 pages, 3 figures
Published: 2024

13. Polarized Neutron Measurements of the Internal Magnetization of a Ferrimagnet Across its Compensation Temperature

Author: Hughes, C. D., Lopez, K. N., Mulkey, T., Long, J. C., Sarsour, M., Van Meter, M., Samiei, S., Baxter, D. V., Snow, W. M., Lommel, L. M., Zhang, Y., Jiang, P., Stringfellow, E., Zolnierczuk, P., Frost, M., and Odom, M.
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract: We present the first polarized neutron transmission image of a model Ne\'el ferrimagnetic material, polycrystalline terbium iron garnet (Tb$_{3}$Fe$_{5}$O$_{12}$, TbIG for short), as it is taken through its compensation temperature $T_{comp}$ where, according to the theory of ferrimagnetism, the internal magnetization should vanish. Our polarized neutron imaging data and the additional supporting measurements using neutron spin echo spectroscopy and SQUID magnetometry are all consistent with a vanishing internal magnetization at $T_{comp}$., Comment: 15 pages, 15 figures
Published: 2024

14. Galaxy cluster profiles: A Gaussian mixture model approach to halo miscentering

Author: Currie, Matthew, Miller, Kyle, Shin, Tae-Hyeon, Baxter, Eric, and Jain, Bhuvnesh
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: Measurements of the galaxy density and weak-lensing profiles of galaxy clusters typically rely on an assumed cluster center, which is taken to be the brightest cluster galaxy or other proxies for the true halo center. Departure of the assumed cluster center from the true halo center bias the resultant profile measurements, an effect known as miscentering bias. Currently, miscentering is typically modeled in stacked profiles of clusters with a two parameter model. We use an alternate approach in which the profiles of individual clusters are used with the corresponding likelihood computed using a Gaussian mixture model. We test the approach using halos and the corresponding subhalo profiles from the IllustrisTNG hydrodynamic simulations. We obtain significantly improved estimates of the miscentering parameters for both 3D and projected 2D profiles relevant for imaging surveys. We discuss applications to upcoming cosmological surveys., Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures, to be submitted to A&A The Python package used in this paper is publicly available at https://github.com/KyleMiller1/Halo-Miscentering-Mixture-Model
Published: 2024

15. Modeling Athermal Phonons in Novel Materials using the G4CMP Simulation Toolkit

Author: Hernandez, Israel, Linehan, Ryan, Khatiwada, Rakshya, Anyang, Kester, Baxter, Daniel, Bratrud, Grace, Figueroa-Feliciano, Enectali, Hsu, Lauren, Kelsey, Mike, and Temples, Dylan
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Quantum Physics
Abstract: Understanding phonon and charge propagation in superconducting devices plays an important role in both performing low-threshold dark matter searches and limiting correlated errors in superconducting qubits. The Geant4 Condensed Matter Physics (G4CMP) package, originally developed for the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS) experiment, models charge and phonon transport within silicon and germanium detectors and has been validated by experimental measurements of phonon caustics, mean charge-carrier drift velocities, and heat pulse propagation times. In this work, we present a concise framework for expanding the capabilities for phonon transport to a number of other novel substrate materials of interest to the dark matter and quantum computing communities, including sapphire (Al$_{2}$O$_{3}$), gallium arsenide (GaAs), lithium fluoride (LiF), calcium tungstate (CaWO$_{4}$), and calcium fluoride (CaF$_{2}$). We demonstrate the use of this framework in generating phonon transport properties of these materials and compare these properties with experimentally-determined values where available., Comment: 18 pages, 13 figures, 6 Tables
Published: 2024

16. The DAMIC-M Low Background Chamber

Author: Arnquist, I., Avalos, N., Bailly, P., Baxter, D., Bertou, X., Bogdan, M., Bourgeois, C., Brandt, J., Cadiou, A., Castello-Mor, N., Chavarria, A. E., Conde, M., Cuevas-Zepeda, J., Dastgheibi-Fard, A., De Dominicis, C., Deligny, O., Desani, R., Dhellot, M., Duarte-Campderros, J., Estrada, E., Florin, D., Gadola, N., Gaior, R., Gkougkousis, E. -L., Sanchez, J. Gonzalez, Hope, S., Hossbach, T., Huehn, M., Kallander, M., Kilminster, B., Iddir, L., Lantero-Barreda, A., Lawson, I., Lebbolo, H., Lee, S., Leray, P., Selvon, A. Letessier, Lin, H., Loaiza, P., Lopez-Virto, A., Martin, D., McGuire, K. J., Milleto, T., Mitra, P., Martin, D. Moya, Munagavalasa, S., Norcini, D., Overman, C., Paul, S., Peterson, D., Piers, A., Pochon, O., Privitera, P., Reynet, D., Roach, B. A., Robmann, P., Roehnelt, R., Settimo, M., Smee, S., Smida, R., Stillwell, B., Van Wechel, T., Traina, M., Vilar, R., Vollhardt, A., Warot, G., Wolf, D., Yajur, R., and Zopounidis, J-P.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: The DArk Matter In CCDs at Modane (DAMIC-M) experiment is designed to search for light dark matter (m$_{\chi}$<10\,GeV/c$^2$) at the Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane (LSM) in France. DAMIC-M will use skipper charge-coupled devices (CCDs) as a kg-scale active detector target. Its single-electron resolution will enable eV-scale energy thresholds and thus world-leading sensitivity to a range of hidden sector dark matter candidates. A DAMIC-M prototype, the Low Background Chamber (LBC), has been taking data at LSM since 2022. The LBC provides a low-background environment, which has been used to characterize skipper CCDs, study dark current, and measure radiopurity of materials planned for DAMIC-M. It also allows testing of various subsystems like readout electronics, data acquisition software, and slow control. This paper describes the technical design and performance of the LBC.
Published: 2024

17. A detailed study of the very-high-energy Crab pulsar emission with the LST-1

Author: Project, CTA-LST, Abe, K., Abe, S., Abhishek, A., Acero, F., Aguasca-Cabot, A., Agudo, I., Crespo, N. Alvarez, Antonelli, L. A., Aramo, C., Arbet-Engels, A., Arcaro, C., Artero, M., Asano, K., Aubert, P., Baktash, A., Bamba, A., Larriva, A. Baquero, Baroncelli, L., de Almeida, U. Barres, Barrio, J. A., Batkovic, I., Baxter, J., González, J. Becerra, Bernardini, E., Medrano, J. Bernete, Berti, A., Bhattacharjee, P., Bigongiari, C., Bissaldi, E., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Bordas, P., Brunelli, G., Bulgarelli, A., Burelli, I., Burmistrov, L., Buscemi, M., Cardillo, M., Caroff, S., Carosi, A., Carrasco, M. S., Cassol, F., Castrejón, N., Cauz, D., Cerasole, D., Ceribella, G., Chai, Y., Cheng, K., Chiavassa, A., Chikawa, M., Chon, G., Chytka, L., Cicciari, G. M., Cifuentes, A., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Costantini, H., Da Vela, P., Dalchenko, M., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., de Lavergne, M. de Bony, De Lotto, B., de Menezes, R., Del Peral, L., Delgado, C., Mengual, J. Delgado, della Volpe, D., Dellaiera, M., Di Piano, A., Di Pierro, F., Di Tria, R., Di Venere, L., Díaz, C., Dominik, R. M., Prester, D. Dominis, Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Eisenberger, L., Elsässer, D., Emery, G., Escudero, J., Ramazani, V. Fallah, Ferrarotto, F., Fiasson, A., Foffano, L., Coromina, L. Freixas, Fröse, S., Fukazawa, Y., López, R. Garcia, Gasbarra, C., Gasparrini, D., Gavira, L., Geyer, D., Paiva, J. Giesbrecht, Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Gliwny, P., Godinovic, N., Grau, R., Green, D., Green, J., Gunji, S., Günther, P., Hackfeld, J., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Hayashi, K., Heckmann, L., Heller, M., Llorente, J. Herrera, Hirotani, K., Hoffmann, D., Horns, D., Houles, J., Hrabovsky, M., Hrupec, D., Hui, D., Iarlori, M., Imazawa, R., Inada, T., Inome, Y., Ioka, K., Iori, M., Martinez, I. Jimenez, Quiles, J. Jiménez, Jurysek, J., Kagaya, M., Karas, V., Katagiri, H., Kataoka, J., Kerszberg, D., Kobayashi, Y., Kohri, K., Kong, A., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lainez, M., Lamanna, G., Lamastra, A., Lemoigne, L., Linhoff, M., Longo, F., López-Coto, R., López-Moya, M., López-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., Lorini, A., Bahilo, J. Lozano, Luque-Escamilla, P. L., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallamaci, M., Mandat, D., Manganaro, M., Manicò, G., Mannheim, K., Marchesi, S., Mariotti, M., Marquez, P., Marsella, G., Martí, J., Martinez, O., Martínez, G., Martínez, M., Mas-Aguilar, A., Maurin, G., Mazin, D., Guillen, E. Mestre, Micanovic, S., Miceli, D., Miener, T., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Mizuno, T., Gonzalez, M. Molero, Molina, E., Montaruli, T., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Morselli, A., Moya, V., Muraishi, H., Nagataki, S., Nakamori, T., Neronov, A., Nickel, L., Rosillo, M. Nievas, Nikolic, L., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nozaki, S., Ohishi, M., Ohtani, Y., Oka, T., Okumura, A., Orito, R., Otero-Santos, J., Ottanelli, P., Owen, E., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Pantaleo, F. R., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pech, M., Pecimotika, M., Peresano, M., Pfeiffle, F., Pietropaolo, E., Pihet, M., Pirola, G., Plard, C., Podobnik, F., Pons, E., Prandini, E., Priyadarshi, C., Prouza, M., Rando, R., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Righi, C., Rizi, V., Fernandez, G. Rodriguez, Frías, M. D. Rodríguez, Saito, T., Sakurai, S., Sanchez, D. A., Sano, H., Šarić, T., Sato, Y., Saturni, F. G., Savchenko, V., Schiavone, F., Schleicher, B., Schmuckermaier, F., Schubert, J. L., Schussler, F., Schweizer, T., Arroyo, M. Seglar, Siegert, T., Silvia, R., Sitarek, J., Sliusar, V., Strišković, J., Strzys, M., Suda, Y., Tajima, H., Takahashi, H., Takahashi, M., Takata, J., Takeishi, R., Tam, P. H. T., Tanaka, S. J., Tateishi, D., Tavernier, T., Temnikov, P., Terada, Y., Terauchi, K., Terzic, T., Teshima, M., Tluczykont, M., Tokanai, F., Torres, D. F., Travnicek, P., Truzzi, S., Tutone, A., Vacula, M., Vallania, P., van Scherpenberg, J., Acosta, M. Vázquez, Verna, G., Viale, I., Vigliano, A., Vigorito, C. F., Visentin, E., Vitale, V., Voitsekhovskyi, V., Voutsinas, G., Vovk, I., Vuillaume, T., Walter, R., Wan, L., Will, M., Yamamoto, T., Yamazaki, R., Yeung, P. K. H., Yoshida, T., Yoshikoshi, T., Zhang, W., and Zywucka, N.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Context: There are currently three pulsars firmly detected by imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs), two of them reaching TeV energies, challenging models of very-high-energy (VHE) emission in pulsars. More precise observations are needed to better characterize pulsar emission at these energies. The LST-1 is the prototype of the Large-Sized Telescope, that will be part of the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory (CTAO). Its improved performance over previous IACTs makes it well suited for studying pulsars. Aims: To study the Crab pulsar emission with the LST-1, improving and complementing the results from other telescopes. These observations can also be used to characterize the potential of the LST-1 to study other pulsars and detect new ones. Methods: We analyzed a total of $\sim$103 hours of gamma-ray observations of the Crab pulsar conducted with the LST-1 in the period from September 2020 to January 2023. The observations were carried out at zenith angles less than 50 degrees. A new analysis of the Fermi-LAT data was also performed, including $\sim$14 years of observations. Results: The Crab pulsar phaseogram, long-term light-curve, and phase-resolved spectra are reconstructed with the LST-1 from 20 GeV to 450 GeV for P1 and up to 700 GeV for P2. The pulsed emission is detected with a significance of 15.2$\sigma$. The two characteristic emission peaks of the Crab pulsar are clearly detected (>10$\sigma$), as well as the so-called bridge emission (5.7$\sigma$). We find that both peaks are well described by power laws, with spectral indices of $\sim$3.44 and $\sim$3.03 respectively. The joint analysis of Fermi-LAT and LST-1 data shows a good agreement between both instruments in the overlapping energy range. The detailed results obtained in the first observations of the Crab pulsar with LST-1 show the potential that CTAO will have to study this type of sources., Comment: Accepted by A&A
Published: 2024

18. Observation of a giant Goos-H\'anchen shift for matter waves

Author: McKay, S., de Haan, V. O., Leiner, J., Parnell, S. R., Dalgliesh, R. M., Boeni, P., Bannenberg, L. J., Thien, Q. Le, Baxter, D. V., Ortiz, G., and Pynn, R.
Subjects: Quantum Physics
Abstract: The Goos-H\"anchen (GH) shift describes a phenomenon in which a specularly-reflected beam is laterally translated along the reflecting surface such that the incident and reflected rays no longer intersect at the surface. Using a neutron spin-echo technique and a specially-designed magnetic multilayer mirror, we have measured the relative phase between the reflected up and down neutron spin states in total reflection. The relative GH shift calculated from this phase shows a strong resonant enhancement at a particular incident neutron wavevector, which is due to a waveguiding effect in one of the magnetic layers. Calculations based on the observed phase difference between the neutron states indicate a propagation distance along the waveguide layer of 0.65 mm for the spin-down state, which we identify with the magnitude of the giant GH shift. The existence of a physical GH shift is confirmed by the observation of neutron absorption in the waveguide layer. We propose ways in which our experimental method may be exploited for neutron quantum-enhanced sensing of thin magnetic layers.
Published: 2024

19. The SNEWS 2.0 Alert Software for the Coincident Detection of Neutrinos from Core-Collapse Supernovae

Author: Kara, M., Torres-Lara, S., Baxter-Depoian, A., BenZvi, S., Molla, M. Colomer, Habig, A., Kneller, J. P., Lai, M., Lang, R. F., Linvill, M., Milisavljevic, D., Migenda, J., Orr, C., Scholberg, K., Smolsky, J., Tseng, J., Tunnell, C. D., Vasel, J., and Sheshukov, A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: The neutrino signal from the next galactic core-collapse supernova will provide an invaluable early warning of the explosion. By combining the burst trigger from several neutrino detectors, the location of the explosion can be triangulated minutes to hours before the optical emission becomes visible, while also reducing the rate of false-positive triggers. To enable multi-messenger follow-up of nearby supernovae, the SuperNova Early Warning System 2.0 (SNEWS 2.0) will produce a combined alert using a global network of neutrino detectors. This paper describes the trigger publishing and alert formation framework of the SNEWS 2.0 network. The framework is built on the HOPSKOTCH publish-subscribe system to easily incorporate new detectors into the network, and it implements a coincidence system to form alerts and estimate a false-positive rate for the combined triggers. The paper outlines the structure of the SNEWS 2.0 software and the initial testing of coincident signals.
Published: 2024

20. Constraints on Lorentz invariance violation from the extraordinary Mrk 421 flare of 2014 using a novel analysis method

Author: MAGIC Collaboration, Abe, S., Abhir, J., Abhishek, A., Acciari, V. A., Aguasca-Cabot, A., Agudo, I., Aniello, T., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Engels, A. Arbet, Arcaro, C., Artero, M., Asano, K., Babić, A., Baquero, A., de Almeida, U. Barres, Barrio, J. A., Batković, I., Bautista, A., Baxter, J., González, J. Becerra, Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Bernete, J., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Bošnjak, Ž., Bronzini, E., Burelli, I., Busetto, G., Campoy-Ordaz, A., Carosi, A., Carosi, R., Carretero-Castrillo, M., Castro-Tirado, A. J., Cerasole, D., Ceribella, G., Chai, Y., Cifuentes, A., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D'Amico, G., D'Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., de Menezes, R., Del Popolo, A., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Mendez, C. Delgado, Di Pierro, F., Di Tria, R., Di Venere, L., Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Emery, G., Escudero, J., Fariña, L., Fattorini, A., Foffano, L., Font, L., Fröse, S., Fukami, S., Fukazawa, Y., López, R. J. García, Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Paiva, J. G. Giesbrecht, Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Gliwny, P., Godinović, N., Gradetzke, T., Grau, R., Green, D., Green, J. G., Günther, P., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Heckmann, L., Llorente, J. Herrera, Hrupec, D., Hütten, M., Imazawa, R., Ishio, K., Martínez, I. Jiménez, Jormanainen, J., Kankkunen, S., Kayanoki, T., Kerszberg, D., Kluge, G. W., Kobayashi, Y., Kouch, P. M., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Láinez, M., Lamastra, A., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Linhoff, L., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López-Coto, R., López-Moya, M., López-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., Lorini, A., Lyard, E., Fraga, B. Machado de Oliveira, Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mangano, S., Mannheim, K., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Martínez-Chicharro, M., Mas-Aguilar, A., Mazin, D., Menchiari, S., Mender, S., Miceli, D., Miener, T., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., González, M. Molero, Molina, E., Mondal, H. A., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Nakamori, T., Nanci, C., Neustroev, V., Nickel, L., Rosillo, M. Nievas, Nigro, C., Nikolić, L., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Ekoume, T. Njoh, Noda, K., Nogues, L., Nozaki, S., Ohtani, Y., Okumura, A., Otero-Santos, J., Paiano, S., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Peresano, M., Persic, M., Pihet, M., Pirola, G., Podobnik, F., Moroni, P. G. Prada, Prandini, E., Principe, G., Priyadarshi, C., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Saturni, F. G., Schleicher, B., Schmidt, K., Schmuckermaier, F., Schubert, J. L., Schweizer, T., Sciaccaluga, A., Silvestri, G., Sitarek, J., Sliusar, V., Sobczynska, D., Stamerra, A., Strišković, J., Strom, D., Suda, Y., Tajima, H., Takahashi, M., Takeishi, R., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terauchi, K., Terzić, T., Teshima, M., Truzzi, S., Tutone, A., Ubach, S., van Scherpenberg, J., Acosta, M. Vazquez, Ventura, S., Viale, I., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vovk, I., Walter, R., Will, M., Wunderlich, C., and Yamamoto, T.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: The Lorentz Invariance Violation (LIV), a proposed consequence of certain quantum gravity (QG) scenarios, could instigate an energy-dependent group velocity for ultra-relativistic particles. This energy dependence, although suppressed by the massive QG energy scale $E_\mathrm{QG}$, expected to be on the level of the Planck energy $1.22 \times 10^{19}$ GeV, is potentially detectable in astrophysical observations. In this scenario, the cosmological distances traversed by photons act as an amplifier for this effect. By leveraging the observation of a remarkable flare from the blazar Mrk\,421, recorded at energies above 100 GeV by the MAGIC telescopes on the night of April 25 to 26, 2014, we look for time delays scaling linearly and quadratically with the photon energies. Using for the first time in LIV studies a binned-likelihood approach we set constraints on the QG energy scale. For the linear scenario, we set $95\%$ lower limits $E_\mathrm{QG}>2.7\times10^{17}$ GeV for the subluminal case and $E_\mathrm{QG}> 3.6 \times10^{17}$ GeV for the superluminal case. For the quadratic scenario, the $95\%$ lower limits for the subluminal and superluminal cases are $E_\mathrm{QG}>2.6 \times10^{10}$ GeV and $E_\mathrm{QG}>2.5\times10^{10}$ GeV, respectively.
Published: 2024

21. Automated Trustworthiness Testing for Machine Learning Classifiers

Author: Cho, Steven, Cousins-Baxter, Seaton, Ruberto, Stefano, and Terragni, Valerio
Subjects: Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Software Engineering
Abstract: Machine Learning (ML) has become an integral part of our society, commonly used in critical domains such as finance, healthcare, and transportation. Therefore, it is crucial to evaluate not only whether ML models make correct predictions but also whether they do so for the correct reasons, ensuring our trust that will perform well on unseen data. This concept is known as trustworthiness in ML. Recently, explainable techniques (e.g., LIME, SHAP) have been developed to interpret the decision-making processes of ML models, providing explanations for their predictions (e.g., words in the input that influenced the prediction the most). Assessing the plausibility of these explanations can enhance our confidence in the models' trustworthiness. However, current approaches typically rely on human judgment to determine the plausibility of these explanations. This paper proposes TOWER, the first technique to automatically create trustworthiness oracles that determine whether text classifier predictions are trustworthy. It leverages word embeddings to automatically evaluate the trustworthiness of a model-agnostic text classifiers based on the outputs of explanatory techniques. Our hypothesis is that a prediction is trustworthy if the words in its explanation are semantically related to the predicted class. We perform unsupervised learning with untrustworthy models obtained from noisy data to find the optimal configuration of TOWER. We then evaluated TOWER on a human-labeled trustworthiness dataset that we created. The results show that TOWER can detect a decrease in trustworthiness as noise increases, but is not effective when evaluated against the human-labeled dataset. Our initial experiments suggest that our hypothesis is valid and promising, but further research is needed to better understand the relationship between explanations and trustworthiness issues.
Published: 2024

22. First demonstration of a TES based cryogenic Li$_2$MoO$_4$detector for neutrinoless double beta decay search

Author: Bratrud, G., Chang, C. L., Chen, R., Cudmore, E., Figueroa-Feliciano, E., Hong, Z., Kennard, K. T., Lewis, S., Lisovenko, M., Mateo, L. O., Novati, V., Novosad, V., Oliveri, E., Ren, R., Scarpaci, J. A., Schmidt, B., Wang, G., Winslow, L., Yefremenko, V. G., Zhang, J., Baxter, D., Hollister, M., James, C., Lukens, P., and Temples, D. J.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Cryogenic calorimetric experiments to search for neutrinoless double-beta decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$) are highly competitive, scalable and versatile in isotope. The largest planned detector array, CUPID, is comprised of about 1500 individual Li$_2^{100}$MoO$_{4}$ detector modules with a further scale up envisioned for a follow up experiment (CUPID-1T). In this article, we present a novel detector concept targeting this second stage with a low impedance TES based readout for the Li$_2$MoO$_{4}$ absorber that is easily mass-produced and lends itself to a multiplexed readout. We present the detector design and results from a first prototype detector operated at the NEXUS shallow underground facility at Fermilab. The detector is a 2-cm-side cube with 21$\,$g mass that is strongly thermally coupled to its readout chip to allow rise-times of $\sim$0.5$\,$ms. This design is more than one order of magnitude faster than present NTD based detectors and is hence expected to effectively mitigate backgrounds generated through the pile-up of two independent two neutrino decay events coinciding close in time. Together with a baseline resolution of 1.95$\,$keV (FWHM) these performance parameters extrapolate to a background index from pile-up as low as $5\cdot 10^{-6}\,$counts/keV/kg/yr in CUPID size crystals. The detector was calibrated up to the MeV region showing sufficient dynamic range for $0\nu\beta\beta$ searches. In combination with a SuperCDMS HVeV detector this setup also allowed us to perform a precision measurement of the scintillation time constants of Li$_2$MoO$_{4}$. The crystal showed a significant fast scintillation emission with O(10$\,\mu$s) time-scale, more than an order below the detector response of presently considered light detectors suggesting the possibility of further progress in pile-up rejection through better light detectors in the future.
Published: 2024

23. The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) radioactivity and cleanliness control programs

Author: D. S. Akerib, C. W. Akerlof, D. Yu. Akimov, A. Alquahtani, S. K. Alsum, T. J. Anderson, N. Angelides, H. M. Araújo, A. Arbuckle, J. E. Armstrong, M. Arthurs, H. Auyeung, S. Aviles, X. Bai, A. J. Bailey, J. Balajthy, S. Balashov, J. Bang, M. J. Barry, D. Bauer, P. Bauer, A. Baxter, J. Belle, P. Beltrame, J. Bensinger, T. Benson, E. P. Bernard, A. Bernstein, A. Bhatti, A. Biekert, T. P. Biesiadzinski, H. J. Birch, B. Birrittella, K. E. Boast, A. I. Bolozdynya, E. M. Boulton, B. Boxer, R. Bramante, S. Branson, P. Brás, M. Breidenbach, C. A. J. Brew, J. H. Buckley, V. V. Bugaev, R. Bunker, S. Burdin, J. K. Busenitz, R. Cabrita, J. S. Campbell, C. Carels, D. L. Carlsmith, B. Carlson, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, M. Cascella, C. Chan, J. J. Cherwinka, A. A. Chiller, C. Chiller, N. I. Chott, A. Cole, J. Coleman, D. Colling, R. A. Conley, A. Cottle, R. Coughlen, G. Cox, W. W. Craddock, D. Curran, A. Currie, J. E. Cutter, J. P. da Cunha, C. E. Dahl, S. Dardin, S. Dasu, J. Davis, T. J. R. Davison, L. de Viveiros, N. Decheine, A. Dobi, J. E. Y. Dobson, E. Druszkiewicz, A. Dushkin, T. K. Edberg, W. R. Edwards, B. N. Edwards, J. Edwards, M. M. Elnimr, W. T. Emmet, S. R. Eriksen, C. H. Faham, A. Fan, S. Fayer, S. Fiorucci, H. Flaecher, I. M. Fogarty Florang, P. Ford, V. B. Francis, E. D. Fraser, F. Froborg, T. Fruth, R. J. Gaitskell, N. J. Gantos, D. Garcia, V. M. Gehman, R. Gelfand, J. Genovesi, R. M. Gerhard, C. Ghag, E. Gibson, M. G. D. Gilchriese, S. Gokhale, B. Gomber, T. G. Gonda, A. Greenall, S. Greenwood, G. Gregerson, M. G. D. van der Grinten, C. B. Gwilliam, C. R. Hall, D. Hamilton, S. Hans, K. Hanzel, T. Harrington, A. Harrison, J. Harrison, C. Hasselkus, S. J. Haselschwardt, D. Hemer, S. A. Hertel, J. Heise, S. Hillbrand, O. Hitchcock, C. Hjemfelt, M. D. Hoff, B. Holbrook, E. Holtom, J. Y-K. Hor, M. Horn, D. Q. Huang, T. W. Hurteau, C. M. Ignarra, M. N. Irving, R. G. Jacobsen, O. Jahangir, S. N. Jeffery, W. Ji, M. Johnson, J. Johnson, P. Johnson, W. G. Jones, A. C. Kaboth, A. Kamaha, K. Kamdin, V. Kasey, K. Kazkaz, J. Keefner, D. Khaitan, M. Khaleeq, A. Khazov, A. V. Khromov, I. Khurana, Y. D. Kim, W. T. Kim, C. D. Kocher, D. Kodroff, A. M. Konovalov, L. Korley, E. V. Korolkova, M. Koyuncu, J. Kras, H. Kraus, S. W. Kravitz, H. J. Krebs, L. Kreczko, B. Krikler, V. A. Kudryavtsev, A. V. Kumpan, S. Kyre, A. R. Lambert, B. Landerud, N. A. Larsen, A. Laundrie, E. A. Leason, H. S. Lee, J. Lee, C. Lee, B. G. Lenardo, D. S. Leonard, R. Leonard, K. T. Lesko, C. Levy, J. Li, Y. Liu, J. Liao, F.-T. Liao, J. Lin, A. Lindote, R. Linehan, W. H. Lippincott, R. Liu, X. Liu, C. Loniewski, M. I. Lopes, E. Lopez-Asamar, B. López Paredes, W. Lorenzon, D. Lucero, S. Luitz, J. M. Lyle, C. Lynch, P. A. Majewski, J. Makkinje, D. C. Malling, A. Manalaysay, L. Manenti, R. L. Mannino, N. Marangou, D. J. Markley, P. MarrLaundrie, T. J. Martin, M. F. Marzioni, C. Maupin, C. T. McConnell, D. N. McKinsey, J. McLaughlin, D.-M. Mei, Y. Meng, E. H. Miller, Z. J. Minaker, E. Mizrachi, J. Mock, D. Molash, A. Monte, M. E. Monzani, J. A. Morad, E. Morrison, B. J. Mount, A. St. J. Murphy, D. Naim, A. Naylor, C. Nedlik, C. Nehrkorn, H. N. Nelson, J. Nesbit, F. Neves, J. A. Nikkel, J. A. Nikoleyczik, A. Nilima, J. O’Dell, H. Oh, F. G. O’Neill, K. O’Sullivan, I. Olcina, M. A. Olevitch, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, L. Oxborough, A. Pagac, D. Pagenkopf, S. Pal, K. J. Palladino, V. M. Palmaccio, J. Palmer, M. Pangilinan, N. Parveen, S. J. Patton, E. K. Pease, B. P. Penning, G. Pereira, C. Pereira, I. B. Peterson, A. Piepke, S. Pierson, S. Powell, R. M. Preece, K. Pushkin, Y. Qie, M. Racine, B. N. Ratcliff, J. Reichenbacher, L. Reichhart, C. A. Rhyne, A. Richards, Q. Riffard, G. R. C. Rischbieter, J. P. Rodrigues, H. J. Rose, R. Rosero, P. Rossiter, R. Rucinski, G. Rutherford, J. S. Saba, L. Sabarots, D. Santone, M. Sarychev, A. B. M. R. Sazzad, R. W. Schnee, M. Schubnell, P. R. Scovell, M. Severson, D. Seymour, S. Shaw, G. W. Shutt, T. A. Shutt, J. J. Silk, C. Silva, K. Skarpaas, W. Skulski, A. R. Smith, R. J. Smith, R. E. Smith, J. So, M. Solmaz, V. N. Solovov, P. Sorensen, V. V. Sosnovtsev, I. Stancu, M. R. Stark, S. Stephenson, N. Stern, A. Stevens, T. M. Stiegler, K. Stifter, R. Studley, T. J. Sumner, K. Sundarnath, P. Sutcliffe, N. Swanson, M. Szydagis, M. Tan, W. C. Taylor, R. Taylor, D. J. Taylor, D. Temples, B. P. Tennyson, P. A. Terman, K. J. Thomas, J. A. Thomson, D. R. Tiedt, M. Timalsina, W. H. To, A. Tomás, T. E. Tope, M. Tripathi, D. R. Tronstad, C. E. Tull, W. Turner, L. Tvrznikova, M. Utes, U. Utku, S. Uvarov, J. Va’vra, A. Vacheret, A. Vaitkus, J. R. Verbus, T. Vietanen, E. Voirin, C. O. Vuosalo, S. Walcott, W. L. Waldron, K. Walker, J. J. Wang, R. Wang, L. Wang, W. Wang, Y. Wang, J. R. Watson, J. Migneault, S. Weatherly, R. C. Webb, W.-Z. Wei, M. While, R. G. White, J. T. White, D. T. White, T. J. Whitis, W. J. Wisniewski, K. Wilson, M. S. Witherell, F. L. H. Wolfs, J. D. Wolfs, D. Woodward, S. D. Worm, X. Xiang, Q. Xiao, J. Xu, M. Yeh, J. Yin, I. Young, C. Zhang, and P. Zarzhitsky
Subjects: Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Abstract LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) is a second-generation direct dark matter experiment with spin-independent WIMP-nucleon scattering sensitivity above $${1.4 \times 10^{-48}}\, {\hbox {cm}}^{2}$$ 1.4 × 10 - 48 cm 2 for a WIMP mass of $${40}\, \hbox {GeV}/{\hbox {c}}^{2}$$ 40 GeV / c 2 and a $${1000}\, \hbox {days}$$ 1000 days exposure. LZ achieves this sensitivity through a combination of a large $${5.6}\, \hbox {t}$$ 5.6 t fiducial volume, active inner and outer veto systems, and radio-pure construction using materials with inherently low radioactivity content. The LZ collaboration performed an extensive radioassay campaign over a period of six years to inform material selection for construction and provide an input to the experimental background model against which any possible signal excess may be evaluated. The campaign and its results are described in this paper. We present assays of dust and radon daughters depositing on the surface of components as well as cleanliness controls necessary to maintain background expectations through detector construction and assembly. Finally, examples from the campaign to highlight fixed contaminant radioassays for the LZ photomultiplier tubes, quality control and quality assurance procedures through fabrication, radon emanation measurements of major sub-systems, and bespoke detector systems to assay scintillator are presented.
Published: 2020
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24. The in vitro assessment of a novel vaping technology

Author: D. Breheny, D. Thorne, A. Baxter, S. Bozhilova, T. Jaunky, S. Santopietro, M. Taylor, A. Terry, and M. Gaça
Subjects: Cigarette, Electronic cigarette, In vitro, Aerosol, Toxicology. Poisons, RA1190-1270
Abstract: We have developed a novel vaping product (NVP) IS1.0(TT), which utilises a stainless-steel mesh to transfer and vaporise the e-liquid, mitigating some of the potential sources of toxicants that can be generated using the more traditional ‘wick and coil’ approach. The emissions from IS1.0(TT) have previously been found to have lower levels of toxicants overall when directly compared with a commercial wick and coil e-cig. This current study assessed the toxicological responses to aerosols from this NVP. Responses induced by IS1.0(TT)were compared to those from a 3R4F reference cigarette, using in vitro test methods which included regulatory genetic toxicological assays as well as some more contemporary screening approaches. The experimental conditions were designed to facilitate the testing of aerosol from this vaping product at doses that in most cases greatly exceeded those of the 3R4F comparator showed little to no toxicological responses and demonstrated significantly reduced effects in these in vitro assays when compared to 3R4F. Furthermore, the extreme doses tested in the present study indicate that the toxicant profile of this NVP translates to lower biological activity in vitro, and suggests that the absolute risk hazard level associated with electronic cigarettes can be reduced through continuous improvement as the technology evolves.
Published: 2020
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25. Observational Study to Evaluate Peripheral IntraVenous Analysis (PIVA) in Euvolemic, Hypovolemic, and Hypervolemic Emergency Department Patients (PIVA)

Author: Baxter Healthcare Corporation and Nathan Shapiro, Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine
Published: 2024

26. Increased Adsorption Membranes During Cardiopulmonary Bypass

Author: Hospital Germans TrÃ-es i Pujol de Badalona, FundaciÃ³ Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, and JOSE LUIS PEREZ FERNANDEZ, MD
Published: 2024

27. Hemofilter Life Span, ECLS And/or CRRT

Author: Baxter Healthcare Corporation
Published: 2024

28. Personalized Nutrition to Improve Recovery in Trauma (SeND Home)

Author: United States Department of Defense and Baxter Healthcare Corporation
Published: 2024

29. Better Evidence for Selecting Transplant Fluids (BEST-Fluids)

Author: Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing, Health Research Council, New Zealand, and Baxter Healthcare Corporation
Published: 2024

30. Hidden flaws behind expert-level accuracy of multimodal GPT-4 vision in medicine.

Author: Jin, Qiao, Chen, Fangyuan, Zhou, Yiliang, Xu, Ziyang, Cheung, Justin, Chen, Robert, Summers, Ronald, Rousseau, Justin, Ni, Peiyun, Landsman, Marc, Baxter, Sally, AlAref, Subhi, Li, Yijia, Chen, Alexander, Brejt, Josef, Chiang, Michael, Peng, Yifan, and Lu, Zhiyong
Abstract: Recent studies indicate that Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4 with Vision (GPT-4V) outperforms human physicians in medical challenge tasks. However, these evaluations primarily focused on the accuracy of multi-choice questions alone. Our study extends the current scope by conducting a comprehensive analysis of GPT-4Vs rationales of image comprehension, recall of medical knowledge, and step-by-step multimodal reasoning when solving New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) Image Challenges-an imaging quiz designed to test the knowledge and diagnostic capabilities of medical professionals. Evaluation results confirmed that GPT-4V performs comparatively to human physicians regarding multi-choice accuracy (81.6% vs. 77.8%). GPT-4V also performs well in cases where physicians incorrectly answer, with over 78% accuracy. However, we discovered that GPT-4V frequently presents flawed rationales in cases where it makes the correct final choices (35.5%), most prominent in image comprehension (27.2%). Regardless of GPT-4Vs high accuracy in multi-choice questions, our findings emphasize the necessity for further in-depth evaluations of its rationales before integrating such multimodal AI models into clinical workflows.
Published: 2024

31. Variations in Electronic Health Record-Based Definitions of Diabetic Retinopathy Cohorts A Literature Review and Quantitative Analysis

Author: Chen, Jimmy S, Copado, Ivan A, Vallejos, Cecilia, Kalaw, Fritz Gerald P, Soe, Priyanka, Cai, Cindy X, Toy, Brian C, Borkar, Durga, Sun, Catherine Q, Shantha, Jessica G, and Baxter, Sally L
Subjects: Health Services and Systems, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Health Sciences, Diabetes, Networking and Information Technology R&D (NITRD), Good Health and Well Being, Big data, Data standardization, Diabetic retinopathy, Electronic health records Informatics, Electronic health records, Informatics
Abstract: PurposeUse of the electronic health record (EHR) has motivated the need for data standardization. A gap in knowledge exists regarding variations in existing terminologies for defining diabetic retinopathy (DR) cohorts. This study aimed to review the literature and analyze variations regarding codified definitions of DR.DesignLiterature review and quantitative analysis.SubjectsPublished manuscripts.MethodsFour graders reviewed PubMed and Google Scholar for peer-reviewed studies. Studies were included if they used codified definitions of DR (e.g., billing codes). Data elements such as author names, publication year, purpose, data set type, and DR definitions were manually extracted. Each study was reviewed by ≥ 2 authors to validate inclusion eligibility. Quantitative analyses of the codified definitions were then performed to characterize the variation between DR cohort definitions.Main outcome measuresNumber of studies included and numeric counts of billing codes used to define codified cohorts.ResultsIn total, 43 studies met the inclusion criteria. Half of the included studies used datasets based on structured EHR data (i.e., data registries, institutional EHR review), and half used claims data. All but 1 of the studies used billing codes such as the International Classification of Diseases 9th or 10th edition (ICD-9 or ICD-10), either alone or in addition to another terminology for defining disease. Of the 27 included studies that used ICD-9 and the 20 studies that used ICD-10 codes, the most common codes used pertained to the full spectrum of DR severity. Diabetic retinopathy complications (e.g., vitreous hemorrhage) were also used to define some DR cohorts.ConclusionsSubstantial variations exist among codified definitions for DR cohorts within retrospective studies. Variable definitions may limit generalizability and reproducibility of retrospective studies. More work is needed to standardize disease cohorts.Financial disclosuresProprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.
Published: 2024

32. New constraints on ultraheavy dark matter from the LZ experiment

Author: Aalbers, J, Akerib, DS, Al Musalhi, AK, Alder, F, Amarasinghe, CS, Ames, A, Anderson, TJ, Angelides, N, Araújo, HM, Armstrong, JE, Arthurs, M, Baker, A, Balashov, S, Bang, J, Barillier, EE, Bargemann, JW, Baxter, A, Beattie, K, Benson, T, Bhatti, A, Biekert, A, Biesiadzinski, TP, Birch, HJ, Bishop, EJ, Blockinger, GM, Boxer, B, Brew, CAJ, Brás, P, Burdin, S, Buuck, M, Carmona-Benitez, MC, Carter, M, Chawla, A, Chen, H, Cherwinka, JJ, Chin, YT, Chott, NI, Converse, MV, Cottle, A, Cox, G, Curran, D, Dahl, CE, David, A, Delgaudio, J, Dey, S, de Viveiros, L, Di Felice, L, Ding, C, Dobson, JEY, Druszkiewicz, E, Eriksen, SR, Fan, A, Fearon, NM, Fiorucci, S, Flaecher, H, Fraser, ED, Fruth, TMA, Gaitskell, RJ, Geffre, A, Genovesi, J, Ghag, C, Gibbons, R, Gokhale, S, Green, J, van der Grinten, MGD, Haiston, JH, Hall, CR, Han, S, Hartigan-O’Connor, E, Haselschwardt, SJ, Hernandez, MA, Hertel, SA, Heuermann, G, Homenides, GJ, Horn, M, Huang, DQ, Hunt, D, Ignarra, CM, Jacquet, E, James, RS, Johnson, J, Kaboth, AC, Kamaha, AC, Kannichankandy, M, Khaitan, D, Khazov, A, Khurana, I, Kim, J, Kingston, J, Kirk, R, Kodroff, D, Korley, L, Korolkova, EV, Kraus, H, Kravitz, S, Kreczko, L, Krikler, B, Kudryavtsev, VA, Lee, J, and Leonard, DS
Subjects: Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences
Abstract: Searches for dark matter with liquid xenon time projection chamber experiments have traditionally focused on the region of the parameter space that is characteristic of weakly interacting massive particles, ranging from a few GeV/c2 to a few TeV/c2. Models of dark matter with a mass much heavier than this are well motivated by early production mechanisms different from the standard thermal freeze-out, but they have generally been less explored experimentally. In this work, we present a reanalysis of the first science run of the LZ experiment, with an exposure of 0.9 tonne×yr, to search for ultraheavy particle dark matter. The signal topology consists of multiple energy deposits in the active region of the detector forming a straight line, from which the velocity of the incoming particle can be reconstructed on an event-by-event basis. Zero events with this topology were observed after applying the data selection calibrated on a simulated sample of signal-like events. New experimental constraints are derived, which rule out previously unexplored regions of the dark matter parameter space of spin-independent interactions beyond a mass of 1017 GeV/c2.
Published: 2024

33. First Measurement of Correlated Charge Noise in Superconducting Qubits at an Underground Facility

Author: Bratrud, G., Lewis, S., Anyang, K., Cesaní, A. Colón, Dyson, T., Magoon, H., Sabhari, D., Spahn, G., Wagner, G., Gualtieri, R., Kurinsky, N. A., Linehan, R., McDermott, R., Sussman, S., Temples, D. J., Uemura, S., Bathurst, C., Cancelo, G., Chen, R., Chou, A., Hernandez, I., Hollister, M., Hsu, L., James, C., Kennard, K., Khatiwada, R., Lukens, P., Novati, V., Raha, N., Ray, S., Ren, R., Rodriguez, A., Schmidt, B., Stifter, K., Yu, J., Baxter, D., Figueroa-Feliciano, E., and Bowring, D.
Subjects: Quantum Physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: We measure space- and time-correlated charge jumps on a four-qubit device, operating 107 meters below the Earth's surface in a low-radiation, cryogenic facility designed for the characterization of low-threshold particle detectors. The rock overburden of this facility reduces the cosmic ray muon flux by over 99% compared to laboratories at sea level. Combined with 4$\pi$ coverage of a movable lead shield, this facility enables quantifiable control over the flux of ionizing radiation on the qubit device. Long-time-series charge tomography measurements on these weakly charge-sensitive qubits capture discontinuous jumps in the induced charge on the qubit islands, corresponding to the interaction of ionizing radiation with the qubit substrate. The rate of these charge jumps scales with the flux of ionizing radiation on the qubit package, as characterized by a series of independent measurements on another energy-resolving detector operating simultaneously in the same cryostat with the qubits. Using lead shielding, we achieve a minimum charge jump rate of 0.19$^{+0.04}_{-0.03}$ mHz, almost an order of magnitude lower than that measured in surface tests, but a factor of roughly eight higher than expected based on reduction of ambient gammas alone. We operate four qubits for over 22 consecutive hours with zero correlated charge jumps at length scales above three millimeters., Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures, 4 tables. Minor update to the measured gamma flux ratio (Page 4 and Supplemental Section F) in the LMO detector, from 23 to 20. Typos corrected, references added. Extraneous .tex files have been removed that were causing errors with the "HTML (experimental)" arxiv feature
Published: 2024

34. Cryogenic optical beam steering for superconducting device calibration

Author: Stifter, K., Magoon, H., Anderson, A. J., Temples, D. J., Kurinsky, N. A., Stoughton, C., Hernandez, I., Nuñez, A., Anyang, K., Linehan, R., Young, M. R., Barry, P., Baxter, D., Bowring, D., Cancelo, G., Chou, A., Dibert, K. R., Figueroa-Feliciano, E., Hsu, L., Khatiwada, R., Mork, S. D., Stefanazzi, L., Tabassum, N., Uemura, S., and Young, B. A.
Subjects: Quantum Physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We have developed a calibration system based on a micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) mirror that is capable of delivering an optical beam over a wavelength range of 180 -- 2000 nm (0.62 -- 6.89 eV) in a sub-Kelvin environment. This portable, integrated system can steer the beam over a $\sim$3 cm $\times$ 3 cm area on the surface of any sensor with a precision of $\sim$100 $\mu$m, enabling characterization of device response as a function of position. This fills a critical need in the landscape of calibration tools for sub-Kelvin devices, including those used for dark matter detection and quantum computing. These communities have a shared goal of understanding the impact of ionizing radiation on device performance, which can be pursued with our system. This paper describes the design of the first-generation calibration system and the results from successfully testing its performance at room temperature and 20 mK., Comment: 17 pages, 7 figures, submitted to SPIE
Published: 2024

35. Inference of Causal Networks using a Topological Threshold

Author: Barroso, Filipe, Gomes, Diogo, and Baxter, Gareth J.
Subjects: Statistics - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Machine Learning, Statistics - Methodology
Abstract: We propose a constraint-based algorithm, which automatically determines causal relevance thresholds, to infer causal networks from data. We call these topological thresholds. We present two methods for determining the threshold: the first seeks a set of edges that leaves no disconnected nodes in the network; the second seeks a causal large connected component in the data. We tested these methods both for discrete synthetic and real data, and compared the results with those obtained for the PC algorithm, which we took as the benchmark. We show that this novel algorithm is generally faster and more accurate than the PC algorithm. The algorithm for determining the thresholds requires choosing a measure of causality. We tested our methods for Fisher Correlations, commonly used in PC algorithm (for instance in \cite{kalisch2005}), and further proposed a discrete and asymmetric measure of causality, that we called Net Influence, which provided very good results when inferring causal networks from discrete data. This metric allows for inferring directionality of the edges in the process of applying the thresholds, speeding up the inference of causal DAGs., Comment: 17 pages, 12 figures
Published: 2024

36. Estimating the Energy Threshold of Phonon-mediated Superconducting Qubit Detectors Operated in an Energy-Relaxation Sensing Scheme

Author: Linehan, R., Hernandez, I., Temples, D. J., Dang, S. Q., Baxter, D., Hsu, L., Figueroa-Feliciano, E., Khatiwada, R., Anyang, K., Bowring, D., Bratrud, G., Cancelo, G., Chou, A., Gualtieri, R., Stifter, K., and Sussman, S.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Quantum Physics
Abstract: In recent years, the lack of a conclusive detection of WIMP dark matter at the 10 GeV/c$^{2}$ mass scale and above has encouraged development of low-threshold detector technology aimed at probing lighter dark matter candidates. Detectors based on Cooper-pair-breaking sensors have emerged as a promising avenue for this detection due to the low (meV-scale) energy required for breaking a Cooper pair in most superconductors. Among them, devices based on superconducting qubits are interesting candidates for sensing due to their observed sensitivity to broken Cooper pairs. We have developed an end-to-end G4CMP-based simulation framework and have used it to evaluate performance metrics of qubit-based devices operating in a gate-based "energy relaxation" readout scheme, akin to those used in recent studies of qubit sensitivity to ionizing radiation. We find that for this readout scheme, the qubit acts as a phonon sensor with an energy threshold ranging down to $\simeq$0.4 eV for near-term performance parameters., Comment: 17 pages, 10 figures
Published: 2024

37. Offline tagging of radon-induced backgrounds in XENON1T and applicability to other liquid xenon detectors

Author: Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Abe, K., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Martin, D. Antón, Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Baxter, A. L., Bazyk, M., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Brookes, E. J., Brown, A., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Bui, T. K., Cardoso, J. M. R., Chavez, A. P. Cimental, Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., D'Andrea, V., Garcia, L. C. Daniel, Decowski, M. P., Di Donato, C., Di Gangi, P., Diglio, S., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Flehmke, T., Flierman, M., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Ghosh, S., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Guan, H., Guida, M., Hammann, R., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Hood, N. F., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Joy, A., Kaminaga, Y., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Kopec, A., Kuger, F., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lin, Y. T., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Luce, T., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Melchiorre, A., Messina, M., Michael, A., Miuchi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Müller, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Paetsch, B., Palacio, J., Pan, Y., Pellegrini, Q., Peres, R., Peters, C., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Plante, G., Pollmann, T. R., Principe, L., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Rajado, M., Shi, J., Singh, R., Sanchez, L., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schulte, P., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Terliuk, A., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Vecchi, S., Vetter, S., Volta, G., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, T., Wu, V. H. S., Xing, Y., Xu, D., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., Zhong, M., and Zhu, T.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: This paper details the first application of a software tagging algorithm to reduce radon-induced backgrounds in liquid noble element time projection chambers, such as XENON1T and XENONnT. The convection velocity field in XENON1T was mapped out using $^{222}\text{Rn}$ and $^{218}\text{Po}$ events, and the root-mean-square convection speed was measured to be $0.30 \pm 0.01$ cm/s. Given this velocity field, $^{214}\text{Pb}$ background events can be tagged when they are followed by $^{214}\text{Bi}$ and $^{214}\text{Po}$ decays, or preceded by $^{218}\text{Po}$ decays. This was achieved by evolving a point cloud in the direction of a measured convection velocity field, and searching for $^{214}\text{Bi}$ and $^{214}\text{Po}$ decays or $^{218}\text{Po}$ decays within a volume defined by the point cloud. In XENON1T, this tagging system achieved a $^{214}\text{Pb}$ background reduction of $6.2^{+0.4}_{-0.9}\%$ with an exposure loss of $1.8\pm 0.2 \%$, despite the timescales of convection being smaller than the relevant decay times. We show that the performance can be improved in XENONnT, and that the performance of such a software-tagging approach can be expected to be further improved in a diffusion-limited scenario. Finally, a similar method might be useful to tag the cosmogenic $^{137}\text{Xe}$ background, which is relevant to the search for neutrinoless double-beta decay., Comment: 17 pages, 19 figures
Published: 2024

38. Structured Evaluation of Synthetic Tabular Data

Author: Yang, Scott Cheng-Hsin, Eaves, Baxter, Schmidt, Michael, Swanson, Ken, and Shafto, Patrick
Subjects: Computer Science - Machine Learning, Statistics - Machine Learning
Abstract: Tabular data is common yet typically incomplete, small in volume, and access-restricted due to privacy concerns. Synthetic data generation offers potential solutions. Many metrics exist for evaluating the quality of synthetic tabular data; however, we lack an objective, coherent interpretation of the many metrics. To address this issue, we propose an evaluation framework with a single, mathematical objective that posits that the synthetic data should be drawn from the same distribution as the observed data. Through various structural decomposition of the objective, this framework allows us to reason for the first time the completeness of any set of metrics, as well as unifies existing metrics, including those that stem from fidelity considerations, downstream application, and model-based approaches. Moreover, the framework motivates model-free baselines and a new spectrum of metrics. We evaluate structurally informed synthesizers and synthesizers powered by deep learning. Using our structured framework, we show that synthetic data generators that explicitly represent tabular structure outperform other methods, especially on smaller datasets.
Published: 2024

39. Dark Matter Line Searches with the Cherenkov Telescope Array

Author: Abe, S., Abhir, J., Abhishek, A., Acero, F., Acharyya, A., Adam, R., Aguasca-Cabot, A., Agudo, I., Aguirre-Santaella, A., Alfaro, J., Alfaro, R., Alvarez-Crespo, N., Batista, R. Alves, Amans, J. -P., Amato, E., Ambrosi, G., Angel, L., Aramo, C., Arcaro, C., Arnesen, T. T. H., Arrabito, L., Asano, K., Ascasibar, Y., Aschersleben, J., Ashkar, H., Backes, M., Baktash, A., Balazs, C., Balbo, M., Larriva, A. Baquero, Martins, V. Barbosa, de Almeida, U. Barres, Barrio, J. A., Batković, I., Batzofin, R., Baxter, J., González, J. Becerra, Beck, G., Benbow, W., Berge, D., Bernardini, E., Bernete, J., Bernlöhr, K., Berti, A., Bertucci, B., Bhattacharjee, P., Bhattacharyya, S., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Bissaldi, E., Biteau, J., Blanch, O., Blazek, J., Bocchino, F., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., Bonnoli, G., Bonollo, A., Bordas, P., Bosnjak, Z., Bottacini, E., Böttcher, M., Bringmann, T., Bronzini, E., Brose, R., Brown, A. M., Brunelli, G., Bulgarelli, A., Bulik, T., Burelli, I., Burmistrov, L., Burton, M., Buscemi, M., Bylund, T., Cailleux, J., Campoy-Ordaz, A., Cantlay, B. K., Capasso, G., Caproni, A., Capuzzo-Dolcetta, R., Caraveo, P., Caroff, S., Carosi, A., Carosi, R., Carquin, E., Carrasco, M. -S., Cassol, F., Castaldini, L., Castrejon, N., Castro-Tirado, A. J., Cerasole, D., Cerruti, M., Chadwick, P. M., Chaty, S., Chen, A. W., Chernyakova, M., Chiavassa, A., Chudoba, J., Chytka, L., Cicciari, G. M., Cifuentes, A., Araujo, C. H. Coimbra, Colapietro, M., Conforti, V., Conte, F., Contreras, J. L., Costa, A., Costantini, H., Cotter, G., Cristofari, P., Cuevas, O., Curtis-Ginsberg, Z., D'Amico, G., D'Ammando, F., Dai, S., Dalchenko, M., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., de Lavergne, M. de Bony, De Caprio, V., Pino, E. M. de Gouveia Dal, De Lotto, B., De Lucia, M., de Menezes, R., de Naurois, M., de Souza, V., del Peral, L., del Valle, M. V., Giler, A. G. Delgado, Mengual, J. Delgado, Delgado, C., Dell'aiera, M., della Volpe, D., Depaoli, D., Di Girolamo, T., Di Piano, A., Di Pierro, F., Di Tria, R., Di Venere, L., Díaz, C., Diebold, S., Dinesh, A., Djuvsland, J., Dominik, R. M., Prester, D. Dominis, Donini, A., Dorner, D., Dörner, J., Doro, M., Dournaux, J. -L., Duangchan, C., Dubos, C., Ducci, L., Dwarkadas, V. V., Ebr, J., Eckner, C., Egberts, K., Einecke, S., Elsässer, D., Emery, G., Errando, M., Escanuela, C., Escarate, P., Godoy, M. Escobar, Escudero, J., Esposito, P., Ettori, S., Falceta-Goncalves, D., Fedorova, E., Fegan, S., Feng, Q., Ferrand, G., Ferrarotto, F., Fiandrini, E., Fiasson, A., Filipovic, M., Fioretti, V., Fiori, M., Foffano, L., Guiteras, L. Font, Fontaine, G., Fröse, S., Fukazawa, Y., Fukui, Y., Furniss, A., Galanti, G., Galaz, G., Galelli, C., Gallozzi, S., Gammaldi, V., Garczarczyk, M., Gasbarra, C., Gasparrini, D., Ghalumyan, A., Gianotti, F., Giarrusso, M., Paiva, J. G. Giesbrecht Formiga, Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giuffrida, R., Glicenstein, J. -F., Glombitza, J., Goldoni, P., González, J. M., González, M. M., Coelho, J. Goulart, Gradetzke, T., Granot, J., Grasso, D., Grau, R., Gréaux, L., Green, D., Green, J. G., Grolleron, G., Guedes, L. M. V., Gueta, O., Hackfeld, J., Hadasch, D., Hamal, P., Hanlon, W., Hara, S., Harvey, V. M., Hassan, T., Hayashi, K., Heß, B., Heckmann, L., Heller, M., Cadena, S. Hernández, Hervet, O., Hinton, J., Hiroshima, N., Hnatyk, B., Hnatyk, R., Hofmann, W., Holder, J., Horan, D., Horvath, P., Hovatta, T., Hrabovsky, M., Hrupec, D., Iarlori, M., Inada, T., Incardona, F., Inoue, S., Inoue, Y., Iocco, F., Iori, M., Ishio, K., Jamrozy, M., Janecek, P., Jankowsky, F., Jean, P., Quiles, J. Jimenez, Jin, W., Juramy-Gilles, C., Jurysek, J., Kagaya, M., Kalekin, O., Karas, V., Katagiri, H., Kataoka, J., Kaufmann, S., Kazanas, D., Kerszberg, D., Kieda, D. B., Kleiner, T., Kluge, G., Kobayashi, Y., Kohri, K., Komin, N., Kornecki, P., Kosack, K., Kowal, G., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., La Barbera, A., La Palombara, N., Láinez, M., Lamastra, A., Lapington, J., Laporte, P., Lazarević, S., Lazendic-Galloway, J., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lenain, J. -P., Leone, F., Leonora, E., Leto, G., Lindfors, E., Linhoff, M., Liodakis, I., Lipniacka, A., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López-Coto, R., López-Moya, M., López-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., Bahilo, J. Lozano, Luque-Escamilla, P. L., Macias, O., Majumdar, P., Mallamaci, M., Malyshev, D., Mandat, D., Manicò, G., Mariotti, M., Márquez, I., Marquez, P., Marsella, G., Martí, J., Martínez, G. A., Martínez, M., Martinez, O., Marty, C., Mas-Aguilar, A., Mastropietro, M., Mazin, D., Menchiari, S., Mestre, E., Meunier, J. -L., Meyer, D. M. -A., Meyer, M., Miceli, D., Miceli, M., Michailidis, M., Michałowski, J., Miener, T., Miranda, J. M., Mitchell, A., Mizote, M., Mizuno, T., Moderski, R., Molero, M., Molfese, C., Molina, E., Montaruli, T., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Morselli, A., Moulin, E., Zamanillo, V. Moya, Munari, K., Murach, T., Muraczewski, A., Muraishi, H., Nakamori, T., Nayak, A., Nemmen, R., Neto, J. P., Nickel, L., Niemiec, J., Nieto, D., Rosillo, M. Nievas, Nikołajuk, M., Nikolić, L., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nozaki, S., Ohishi, M., Ohtani, Y., Okumura, A., Olive, J. -F., Ong, R. A., Orienti, M., Orito, R., Orlandini, M., Orlando, E., Orlando, S., Ostrowski, M., Otero-Santos, J., Oya, I., Pagano, I., Pagliaro, A., Palatiello, M., Panebianco, G., Paneque, D., Pantaleo, F. R., Paredes, J. M., Parmiggiani, N., Patricelli, B., Pe'er, A., Pech, M., Pecimotika, M., Pensec, U., Peresano, M., Pérez-Romero, J., Persic, M., Peters, K. P., Petruk, O., Piano, G., Pierre, E., Pietropaolo, E., Pihet, M., Pinchbeck, L., Pirola, G., Pittori, C., Plard, C., Podobnik, F., Pohl, M., Pollet, V., Ponti, G., Prandini, E., Principe, G., Priyadarshi, C., Produit, N., Prouza, M., Pueschel, E., Pühlhofer, G., Pumo, M. L., Queiroz, F., Quirrenbach, A., Rainò, S., Rando, R., Razzaque, S., Regeard, M., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Reisenegger, A., Rhode, W., Ribeiro, D., Ribó, M., Ricci, C., Richtler, T., Rico, J., Rieger, F., Riitano, L., Rizi, V., Roache, E., Fernandez, G. Rodriguez, Frías, M. D. Rodríguez, Rodríguez-Vázquez, J. J., Romano, P., Romeo, G., Rosado, J., de Leon, A. Rosales, Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Ruiter, A. J., Rulten, C. B., Sadeh, I., Saha, L., Saito, T., Salzmann, H., Sánchez-Conde, M., Sandaker, H., Sangiorgi, P., Sano, H., Santander, M., Santos-Lima, R., Sapienza, V., Šarić, T., Sarkar, A., Sarkar, S., Saturni, F. G., Savarese, S., Scherer, A., Schiavone, F., Schipani, P., Schleicher, B., Schovanek, P., Schubert, J. L., Schwanke, U., Arroyo, M. Seglar, Seitenzahl, I. R., Sergijenko, O., Servillat, M., Siegert, T., Siejkowski, H., Siqueira, C., Sliusar, V., Slowikowska, A., Sol, H., Spencer, S. T., Spiga, D., Stamerra, A., Stanič, S., Starecki, T., Starling, R., Stawarz, Ł., Steppa, C., Hatlen, E. Sæther, Stolarczyk, T., Strišković, J., Suda, Y., Świerk, P., Tajima, H., Tak, D., Takahashi, M., Takeishi, R., Tavernier, T., Tejedor, L. A., Terauchi, K., Teshima, M., Testa, V., Tian, W. W., Tibaldo, L., Tibolla, O., Peixoto, C. J. Todero, Torradeflot, F., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Tothill, N., Toussenel, F., Tramacere, A., Travnicek, P., Tripodo, G., Trois, A., Truzzi, S., Tutone, A., Vaclavek, L., Vacula, M., Vallania, P., Vallés, R., van Eldik, C., van Scherpenberg, J., Vandenbroucke, J., Vassiliev, V., Acosta, M. Vázquez, Vecchi, M., Ventura, S., Vercellone, S., Verna, G., Viana, A., Viaux, N., Vigliano, A., Vignatti, J., Vigorito, C. F., Villanueva, J., Visentin, E., Vitale, V., Vodeb, V., Voisin, V., Voitsekhovskyi, V., Vorobiov, S., Voutsinas, G., Vovk, I., Vuillaume, T., Wagner, S. J., Walter, R., White, M., White, R., Wierzcholska, A., Will, M., Williams, D. A., Wohlleben, F., Wolter, A., Yamamoto, T., Yang, L., Yoshida, T., Yoshikoshi, T., Zaharijas, G., Zampieri, L., Sanchez, R. Zanmar, Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zhang, W., Zhdanov, V. I., Ziętara, K., Živec, M., and Zuriaga-Puig, J.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Monochromatic gamma-ray signals constitute a potential smoking gun signature for annihilating or decaying dark matter particles that could relatively easily be distinguished from astrophysical or instrumental backgrounds. We provide an updated assessment of the sensitivity of the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) to such signals, based on observations of the Galactic centre region as well as of selected dwarf spheroidal galaxies. We find that current limits and detection prospects for dark matter masses above 300 GeV will be significantly improved, by up to an order of magnitude in the multi-TeV range. This demonstrates that CTA will set a new standard for gamma-ray astronomy also in this respect, as the world's largest and most sensitive high-energy gamma-ray observatory, in particular due to its exquisite energy resolution at TeV energies and the adopted observational strategy focussing on regions with large dark matter densities. Throughout our analysis, we use up-to-date instrument response functions, and we thoroughly model the effect of instrumental systematic uncertainties in our statistical treatment. We further present results for other potential signatures with sharp spectral features, e.g.~box-shaped spectra, that would likewise very clearly point to a particle dark matter origin., Comment: 44 pages JCAP style (excluding author list and references), 19 figures; minor changes to match published version
Published: 2024
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40. The variability patterns of the TeV blazar PG 1553+113 from a decade of MAGIC and multi-band observations

Author: MAGIC Collaboration, Abe, H., Abe, S., Abhir, J., Acciari, V. A., Agudo, I., Aniello, T., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Engels, A. Arbet, Arcaro, C., Artero, M., Asano, K., Baack, D., Babić, A., Baquero, A., de Almeida, U. Barres, Batković, I., Baxter, J., González, J. Becerra, Bernardini, E., Bernete, J., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Bošnjak, Ž., Burelli, I., Busetto, G., Campoy-Ordaz, A., Carosi, A., Carosi, R., Carretero-Castrillo, M., Castro-Tirado, A. J., Chai, Y., Cifuentes, A., Cikota, S., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D'Amico, G., D'Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Del Popolo, A., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Mendez, C. Delgado, Depaoli, D., Di Pierro, F., Di Venere, L., Prester, D. Dominis, Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Emery, G., Escudero, J., Fariña, L., Fattorini, A., Foffano, L., Font, L., Fukami, S., Fukazawa, Y., López, R. J. García, Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Paiva, J. G. Giesbrecht, Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Gliwny, P., Grau, R., Green, J. G., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Heckmann, L., Herrera, J., Hovatta, T., Hrupec, D., Hütten, M., Imazawa, R., Inada, T., Iotov, R., Ishio, K., Martínez, I. Jiménez, Jormanainen, J., Kerszberg, D., Kluge, G. W., Kobayashi, Y., Kouch, P. M., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lezáun, M. Láinez, Lamastra, A., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Liodakis, I., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López-Moya, M., López-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., Lorini, A., Fraga, B. Machado de Oliveira, Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Maneva, G., Mang, N., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Martínez-Chicharro, M., Mas-Aguilar, A., Mazin, D., Menchiari, S., Mender, S., Miceli, D., Miener, T., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., González, M. Molero, Molina, E., Mondal, H. A., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Nakamori, T., Nanci, C., Neustroev, V., Nigro, C., Nikolić, L., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Ekoume, T. Njoh, Noda, K., Nozaki, S., Ohtani, Y., Okumura, A., Otero-Santos, J., Paiano, S., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pavlović, D., Persic, M., Pihet, M., Pirola, G., Podobnik, F., Moroni, P. G. Prada, Prandini, E., Principe, G., Priyadarshi, C., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Satalecka, K., Saturni, F. G., Schleicher, B., Schmidt, K., Schmuckermaier, F., Schubert, J. L., Schweizer, T., Sciaccaluga, A., Sitarek, J., Spolon, A., Stamerra, A., Strišković, J., Strom, D., Suda, Y., Suutarinen, S., Tajima, H., Takeishi, R., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terauchi, K., Terzić, T., Teshima, M., Tosti, L., Truzzi, S., Tutone, A., Ubach, S., van Scherpenberg, J., Ventura, S., Verguilov, V., Viale, I., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Walter, R., Wunderlich, C., Yamamoto, T., collaborators, MWL, Jermak, H., Steele, I. A., Smith, P. S., Blinov, D., Raiteri, C. M., Villata, M., Mirzaqulov, D. O., Kurtanidze, S. O., Carosati, D., Savchenko, S. S., Acosta-Pulido, J. A., Borman, G. A., Bozhilov, V., Carnerero, M. I., Chigladze, R. A., Damljanovic, G., Ehgamberdiev, S. A., Feige, M., Grishina, T. S., Gupta, A. C., Hagen-Thorn, V. A., Ibryamov, S., Ivanidze, R. Z., Jorstad, S. G., Kania, J., Kimeridze, G. N., Kopatskaya, E. N., Kopp, M., Kunkel, L., Kurtanidze, O. M., Larionov, V. M., Larionova, E. G., Larionova, L. V., Lorey, C., Marchini, A., Marscher, A. P., Minev, M., Morozova, D. A., Nikolashvili, M. G., Ovcharov, E., Reinhart, D., Sadun, A. C., Scherbantin, A., Schneider, L., Semkov, E., Sigua, L. A., Steineke, R., Troitskaya, Yu. V., Troitskiy, I. S., Valcheva, A., Vasilyev, A. A., Vince, O., Zaharieva, E., Zottmann, N., Kiehlmann, S., Readhead, A., Max-Moerbeck, W., Reeves, R. A., Sandrinelli, A., Ramazani, V. Fallah, Giroletti, M., Righini, S., Marchili, N., Patricelli, B., Ghirlanda, G., and Lico, R.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: PG 1553+113 is one of the few blazars with a convincing quasi-periodic emission in the gamma-ray band. The source is also a very high-energy (VHE; >100 GeV) gamma-ray emitter. To better understand its properties and identify the underlying physical processes driving its variability, the MAGIC Collaboration initiated a multiyear, multiwavelength monitoring campaign in 2015 involving the OVRO 40-m and Medicina radio telescopes, REM, KVA, and the MAGIC telescopes, Swift and Fermi satellites, and the WEBT network. The analysis presented in this paper uses data until 2017 and focuses on the characterization of the variability. The gamma-ray data show a (hint of a) periodic signal compatible with literature, but the X-ray and VHE gamma-ray data do not show statistical evidence for a periodic signal. In other bands, the data are compatible with the gamma-ray period, but with a relatively high p-value. The complex connection between the low and high-energy emission and the non-monochromatic modulation and changes in flux suggests that a simple one-zone model is unable to explain all the variability. Instead, a model including a periodic component along with multiple emission zones is required., Comment: Accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 19 pages, 9 figures. Corresponding authors: Elisa Prandini, Antonio Stamerra, Talvikki Hovatta
Published: 2024
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41. Assessment of Abuse Liability and Nicotine Pharmacokinetics of glo Heated Tobacco Products in a Randomized, Crossover Study

Author: Kanobe, Milly N., Makena, Patrudu, Prevette, Kristen, and Baxter, Sarah A.
Published: 2024
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42. Change in Biomarker Profile After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy is Prognostic and Common Among Patients with HER2+ Breast Cancer

Author: Tchou, Julia, Gottipati, Soumy, Goldbach, Macy, Baxter, Molly, Venters, Sara, Balassanian, Ron, Vohra, Poonam, Gonzalves, Diego, Ahmad, Zahra, Nayak, Anupma, Boughey, Judy C., Mukhtar, Rita A., and Chen, Yunn-Yi
Published: 2024
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43. NIR-II scattering gold superclusters for intravascular optical coherence tomography molecular imaging

Author: Calvert, Nicholas D., Baxter, Joshua, Torrens, Aidan A., Thompson, Jesse, Kirby, Alexia, Walia, Jaspreet, Ntais, Spyridon, Hemmer, Eva, Berini, Pierre, Hibbert, Benjamin, Ramunno, Lora, and Shuhendler, Adam J.
Published: 2024
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44. Sustained human outbreak of a new MPXV clade I lineage in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo

Author: Vakaniaki, Emmanuel Hasivirwe, Kacita, Cris, Kinganda-Lusamaki, Eddy, O’Toole, Áine, Wawina-Bokalanga, Tony, Mukadi-Bamuleka, Daniel, Amuri-Aziza, Adrienne, Malyamungu-Bubala, Nadine, Mweshi-Kumbana, Franklin, Mutimbwa-Mambo, Léandre, Belesi-Siangoli, Freddy, Mujula, Yves, Parker, Edyth, Muswamba-Kayembe, Pauline-Chloé, Nundu, Sabin S., Lushima, Robert S., Makangara-Cigolo, Jean-Claude, Mulopo-Mukanya, Noella, Pukuta-Simbu, Elisabeth, Akil-Bandali, Prince, Kavunga, Hugo, Abdramane, Ombotimbe, Brosius, Isabel, Bangwen, Eugene, Vercauteren, Koen, Sam-Agudu, Nadia A., Mills, Edward J., Tshiani-Mbaya, Olivier, Hoff, Nicole A., Rimoin, Anne W., Hensley, Lisa E., Kindrachuk, Jason, Baxter, Cheryl, de Oliveira, Tulio, Ayouba, Ahidjo, Peeters, Martine, Delaporte, Eric, Ahuka-Mundeke, Steve, Mohr, Emma L., Sullivan, Nancy J., Muyembe-Tamfum, Jean-Jacques, Nachega, Jean B., Rambaut, Andrew, Liesenborghs, Laurens, and Mbala-Kingebeni, Placide
Published: 2024
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45. The Paradox of Elites in Civil Society: A Comparative Study on Civil Society Leaders’ Satisfaction with Democracy in the UK and Sweden

Author: Baxter, Megan K., Lee, Jayeon, Odai, Minja, and Scaramuzzino, Roberto
Published: 2024
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46. Oncologic Safety of Immediate Oncoplastic Surgery Compared with Standard Breast-Conserving Surgery for Patients with Invasive Lobular Carcinoma

Author: Falade, Israel, Switalla, Kayla, Quirarte, Astrid, Baxter, Molly, Soroudi, Daniel, Rothschild, Harriet, Abe, Shoko Emily, Goodwin, Karen, Piper, Merisa, Wong, Jasmine, Foster, Robert, and Mukhtar, Rita A.
Published: 2024
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47. Functional correlation tensors in brain white matter and the effects of normal aging

Author: Xu, Lyuan, Gao, Yurui, Li, Muwei, Lawless, Richard, Zhao, Yu, Schilling, Kurt G., Rogers, Baxter P., Anderson, Adam W., Ding, Zhaohua, Landman, Bennett A., and Gore, John C.
Published: 2024
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48. Lifespan development of thalamic nuclei and characterizing thalamic nuclei abnormalities in schizophrenia using normative modeling

Author: Huang, Anna S., Kang, Kaidi, Vandekar, Simon, Rogers, Baxter P., Heckers, Stephan, and Woodward, Neil D.
Published: 2024
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49. Computing Longitudinal Moments for Heterogeneous Agent Models

Author: Ocampo, Sergio and Robinson, Baxter
Published: 2024
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50. Multiplexed RNA flow cytometric FISH allows single-cell viral transcriptional profiling and phenotypic characterisation of translation-incompetent HIV reservoirs

Author: D. Kaufmann, M. Dubé, G. Sannier, N. Brassard, G.G. Delgado, A. Baxter, J.P. Routy, and N. Chomont
Subjects: Microbiology, QR1-502, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Published: 2019
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