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Cet article propose une analyse synthétique de la cybercriminalité au travers de l’état de la menace cyber réalisé par la gendarmerie nationale. L’ampleur de cette forme de délinquance est aujourd’hui telle que l’action des enquêteurs et des magistrats, au cas-par-cas, dans une logique procédurale d’individualisation, ne saurait, à elle seule, avoir raison d’un phénomène aussi massif. Récemment reformulé sous l’angle de l’intelligence-led policing (ILP), le renseignement criminel propose une nouvelle approche de la délinquance, proactive, orientée sur une compréhension préalable des situations afin de proposer des solutions adaptées, diversifiées et innovantes. L’écosystème cyber se prête particulièrement aux méthodes d’analyse et aux stratégies proposées par le renseignement criminel. La détection et la compréhension des menaces y sont autorisées par la cyber threat intelligence (CTI) et les solutions d’entrave pour les forces de sécurité intérieures ne se limitent plus à la répression pénale, mais font appel à des dispositifs toujours plus sophistiqués.

Paid crowdsourcing connects task requesters to a globalized, skilled workforce that is available 24/7. In doing so, this new labor model promises not only to complete work faster and more efficiently than any previous approach but also to harness the best of our collective capacities. Nevertheless, for almost a decade now, crowdsourcing has been limited to addressing rather straightforward and simple tasks. Large-scale innovation, creativity, and wicked problem-solving are still largely out of the crowd’s reach. In this opinion paper, we argue that existing crowdsourcing practices bear significant resemblance to the management paradigm of Taylorism. Although criticized and often abandoned by modern organizations, Taylorism principles are prevalent in many crowdsourcing platforms, which employ practices such as the forceful decomposition of all tasks regardless of their knowledge nature and the disallowing of worker interactions, which diminish worker motivation and performance. We argue that a shift toward post-Taylorism is necessary to enable the crowd address at scale the complex problems that form the backbone of today’s knowledge economy. Drawing from recent literature, we highlight four design rules that can help make this shift, namely, endorsing social crowd networks, encouraging teamwork, scaffolding ownership of one’s work within the crowd, and leveraging algorithm-guided worker self-coordination.

In this paper, we are concerned with the development of a general set theory using the single axiom version of Lesniewski's mereology. The specification of mereology, and further of Tarski's geometry of solids will rely on the Calculus of Inductive Constructions (CIC). In the first, part we provide a specification of Lesniewski's mereology as a model for an atomless Boolean algebra using Clay's ideas. In the second part, we interpret Lesniewski's mereology in monadic second-order logic using names and develop a full version of mereology referred to as CIC-based Monadic Mereology (λ-MM) allowing an expressive theory while involving only two axioms. In the third part, we propose a modeling of Tarski's geometry of solids relying on λ-MM. It is intended to serve as a basis for spatial reasoning. All parts have been proved using a translation in type theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of the digitization of delinquent activities, perpetrated via the internet, the question of the most appropriate means of crime prevention and crime repression is once again being raised. Studies performed on police investigations have highlighted the over-determining nature of circumstantial factors in crime as a condition for their elucidation for more than fifty years. The emergence of mass delinquency, such as cybercrime, has thus strongly altered the role of investigation as a useful mode of knowledge production. This obsolescence has appeared gradually and can be summarized in four stages, which generates a suspicion about the social relevance of the investigation. It seems that the holistic approach of criminal intelligence is more adapted to the fight against new forms of crime. The investigation becomes a precision instrument assigned to functions that become more specific. This article considers this paradigm shift by the approaches to knowledge management of crime control. Cybercrime is then emblematic of this shift. This study is based on the criminological review and the delinquency analysis led by the central criminal intelligence service of the national gendarmerie. Its premise may likely guide the strategy of French law enforcement agencies.