Author: "A. BUTTON" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

26,334 results on '"A. BUTTON"'

1. Statistical selection of high-redshift, neutral-hydrogen-rich, lensed galaxies with the Square Kilometre Array

Author: Button, Charissa and Deane, Roger
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: Deep wide spectral line surveys with the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) will expand the cosmic frontiers of neutral atomic hydrogen (HI) in galaxies. However, at cosmologically significant redshifts ($z \gtrsim 0.5$), detections will typically be spatially unresolved and limited to the highest mass systems. Gravitational lensing could potentially alleviate these limitations, enabling lower mass systems to be studied at higher redshift and spatially resolved dynamical studies of some HI discs. Additionally, lensed HI systems would select foreground dark matter haloes using a different, more extended baryonic tracer compared to other lens surveys. This may result in a wider selected range of foreground dark matter halo properties, such as the concentration parameter. This paper uses the distortion of the observed HI mass function (HIMF) produced by strong gravitational lensing to find a flux density criterion for selecting lensed HI sources in future SKA-Mid spectral line surveys. This selection approach could yield lensed HI source densities in the range of $\sim 0.1$--$10$ galaxies per square degree out to a redshift of $z \simeq 3$ covered by SKA-MID Band 1. Although the sample sizes are modest, even with the proposed SKA-Mid surveys, the selection approach is straightforward and should have a 50% efficiency without any additional information, such as low-impact-factor or lower-redshift massive galaxies. The efficiency of selecting high-redshift, neutral-hydrogen-rich, lensed galaxies should then be greatly enhanced by using SKA-MID data in concert with the Vera C. Rubin Large Survey of Space and Time., Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures, 1 table; Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Published: 2025

2. GPT-4o System Card

Author: OpenAI, Hurst, Aaron, Lerer, Adam, Goucher, Adam P., Perelman, Adam, Ramesh, Aditya, Clark, Aidan, Ostrow, AJ, Welihinda, Akila, Hayes, Alan, Radford, Alec, Mądry, Aleksander, Baker-Whitcomb, Alex, Beutel, Alex, Borzunov, Alex, Carney, Alex, Chow, Alex, Kirillov, Alex, Nichol, Alex, Paino, Alex, Renzin, Alex, Passos, Alex Tachard, Kirillov, Alexander, Christakis, Alexi, Conneau, Alexis, Kamali, Ali, Jabri, Allan, Moyer, Allison, Tam, Allison, Crookes, Amadou, Tootoochian, Amin, Tootoonchian, Amin, Kumar, Ananya, Vallone, Andrea, Karpathy, Andrej, Braunstein, Andrew, Cann, Andrew, Codispoti, Andrew, Galu, Andrew, Kondrich, Andrew, Tulloch, Andrew, Mishchenko, Andrey, Baek, Angela, Jiang, Angela, Pelisse, Antoine, Woodford, Antonia, Gosalia, Anuj, Dhar, Arka, Pantuliano, Ashley, Nayak, Avi, Oliver, Avital, Zoph, Barret, Ghorbani, Behrooz, Leimberger, Ben, Rossen, Ben, Sokolowsky, Ben, Wang, Ben, Zweig, Benjamin, Hoover, Beth, Samic, Blake, McGrew, Bob, Spero, Bobby, Giertler, Bogo, Cheng, Bowen, Lightcap, Brad, Walkin, Brandon, Quinn, Brendan, Guarraci, Brian, Hsu, Brian, Kellogg, Bright, Eastman, Brydon, Lugaresi, Camillo, Wainwright, Carroll, Bassin, Cary, Hudson, Cary, Chu, Casey, Nelson, Chad, Li, Chak, Shern, Chan Jun, Conger, Channing, Barette, Charlotte, Voss, Chelsea, Ding, Chen, Lu, Cheng, Zhang, Chong, Beaumont, Chris, Hallacy, Chris, Koch, Chris, Gibson, Christian, Kim, Christina, Choi, Christine, McLeavey, Christine, Hesse, Christopher, Fischer, Claudia, Winter, Clemens, Czarnecki, Coley, Jarvis, Colin, Wei, Colin, Koumouzelis, Constantin, Sherburn, Dane, Kappler, Daniel, Levin, Daniel, Levy, Daniel, Carr, David, Farhi, David, Mely, David, Robinson, David, Sasaki, David, Jin, Denny, Valladares, Dev, Tsipras, Dimitris, Li, Doug, Nguyen, Duc Phong, Findlay, Duncan, Oiwoh, Edede, Wong, Edmund, Asdar, Ehsan, Proehl, Elizabeth, Yang, Elizabeth, Antonow, Eric, Kramer, Eric, Peterson, Eric, Sigler, Eric, Wallace, Eric, Brevdo, Eugene, Mays, Evan, Khorasani, Farzad, Such, Felipe Petroski, Raso, Filippo, Zhang, Francis, von Lohmann, Fred, Sulit, Freddie, Goh, Gabriel, Oden, Gene, Salmon, Geoff, Starace, Giulio, Brockman, Greg, Salman, Hadi, Bao, Haiming, Hu, Haitang, Wong, Hannah, Wang, Haoyu, Schmidt, Heather, Whitney, Heather, Jun, Heewoo, Kirchner, Hendrik, Pinto, Henrique Ponde de Oliveira, Ren, Hongyu, Chang, Huiwen, Chung, Hyung Won, Kivlichan, Ian, O'Connell, Ian, Osband, Ian, Silber, Ian, Sohl, Ian, Okuyucu, Ibrahim, Lan, Ikai, Kostrikov, Ilya, Sutskever, Ilya, Kanitscheider, Ingmar, Gulrajani, Ishaan, Coxon, Jacob, Menick, Jacob, Pachocki, Jakub, Aung, James, Betker, James, Crooks, James, Lennon, James, Kiros, Jamie, Leike, Jan, Park, Jane, Kwon, Jason, Phang, Jason, Teplitz, Jason, Wei, Jason, Wolfe, Jason, Chen, Jay, Harris, Jeff, Varavva, Jenia, Lee, Jessica Gan, Shieh, Jessica, Lin, Ji, Yu, Jiahui, Weng, Jiayi, Tang, Jie, Yu, Jieqi, Jang, Joanne, Candela, Joaquin Quinonero, Beutler, Joe, Landers, Joe, Parish, Joel, Heidecke, Johannes, Schulman, John, Lachman, Jonathan, McKay, Jonathan, Uesato, Jonathan, Ward, Jonathan, Kim, Jong Wook, Huizinga, Joost, Sitkin, Jordan, Kraaijeveld, Jos, Gross, Josh, Kaplan, Josh, Snyder, Josh, Achiam, Joshua, Jiao, Joy, Lee, Joyce, Zhuang, Juntang, Harriman, Justyn, Fricke, Kai, Hayashi, Kai, Singhal, Karan, Shi, Katy, Karthik, Kavin, Wood, Kayla, Rimbach, Kendra, Hsu, Kenny, Nguyen, Kenny, Gu-Lemberg, Keren, Button, Kevin, Liu, Kevin, Howe, Kiel, Muthukumar, Krithika, Luther, Kyle, Ahmad, Lama, Kai, Larry, Itow, Lauren, Workman, Lauren, Pathak, Leher, Chen, Leo, Jing, Li, Guy, Lia, Fedus, Liam, Zhou, Liang, Mamitsuka, Lien, Weng, Lilian, McCallum, Lindsay, Held, Lindsey, Ouyang, Long, Feuvrier, Louis, Zhang, Lu, Kondraciuk, Lukas, Kaiser, Lukasz, Hewitt, Luke, Metz, Luke, Doshi, Lyric, Aflak, Mada, Simens, Maddie, Boyd, Madelaine, Thompson, Madeleine, Dukhan, Marat, Chen, Mark, Gray, Mark, Hudnall, Mark, Zhang, Marvin, Aljubeh, Marwan, Litwin, Mateusz, Zeng, Matthew, Johnson, Max, Shetty, Maya, Gupta, Mayank, Shah, Meghan, Yatbaz, Mehmet, Yang, Meng Jia, Zhong, Mengchao, Glaese, Mia, Chen, Mianna, Janner, Michael, Lampe, Michael, Petrov, Michael, Wu, Michael, Wang, Michele, Fradin, Michelle, Pokrass, Michelle, Castro, Miguel, de Castro, Miguel Oom Temudo, Pavlov, Mikhail, Brundage, Miles, Wang, Miles, Khan, Minal, Murati, Mira, Bavarian, Mo, Lin, Molly, Yesildal, Murat, Soto, Nacho, Gimelshein, Natalia, Cone, Natalie, Staudacher, Natalie, Summers, Natalie, LaFontaine, Natan, Chowdhury, Neil, Ryder, Nick, Stathas, Nick, Turley, Nick, Tezak, Nik, Felix, Niko, Kudige, Nithanth, Keskar, Nitish, Deutsch, Noah, Bundick, Noel, Puckett, Nora, Nachum, Ofir, Okelola, Ola, Boiko, Oleg, Murk, Oleg, Jaffe, Oliver, Watkins, Olivia, Godement, Olivier, Campbell-Moore, Owen, Chao, Patrick, McMillan, Paul, Belov, Pavel, Su, Peng, Bak, Peter, Bakkum, Peter, Deng, Peter, Dolan, Peter, Hoeschele, Peter, Welinder, Peter, Tillet, Phil, Pronin, Philip, Tillet, Philippe, Dhariwal, Prafulla, Yuan, Qiming, Dias, Rachel, Lim, Rachel, Arora, Rahul, Troll, Rajan, Lin, Randall, Lopes, Rapha Gontijo, Puri, Raul, Miyara, Reah, Leike, Reimar, Gaubert, Renaud, Zamani, Reza, Wang, Ricky, Donnelly, Rob, Honsby, Rob, Smith, Rocky, Sahai, Rohan, Ramchandani, Rohit, Huet, Romain, Carmichael, Rory, Zellers, Rowan, Chen, Roy, Chen, Ruby, Nigmatullin, Ruslan, Cheu, Ryan, Jain, Saachi, Altman, Sam, Schoenholz, Sam, Toizer, Sam, Miserendino, Samuel, Agarwal, Sandhini, Culver, Sara, Ethersmith, Scott, Gray, Scott, Grove, Sean, Metzger, Sean, Hermani, Shamez, Jain, Shantanu, Zhao, Shengjia, Wu, Sherwin, Jomoto, Shino, Wu, Shirong, Shuaiqi, Xia, Phene, Sonia, Papay, Spencer, Narayanan, Srinivas, Coffey, Steve, Lee, Steve, Hall, Stewart, Balaji, Suchir, Broda, Tal, Stramer, Tal, Xu, Tao, Gogineni, Tarun, Christianson, Taya, Sanders, Ted, Patwardhan, Tejal, Cunninghman, Thomas, Degry, Thomas, Dimson, Thomas, Raoux, Thomas, Shadwell, Thomas, Zheng, Tianhao, Underwood, Todd, Markov, Todor, Sherbakov, Toki, Rubin, Tom, Stasi, Tom, Kaftan, Tomer, Heywood, Tristan, Peterson, Troy, Walters, Tyce, Eloundou, Tyna, Qi, Valerie, Moeller, Veit, Monaco, Vinnie, Kuo, Vishal, Fomenko, Vlad, Chang, Wayne, Zheng, Weiyi, Zhou, Wenda, Manassra, Wesam, Sheu, Will, Zaremba, Wojciech, Patil, Yash, Qian, Yilei, Kim, Yongjik, Cheng, Youlong, Zhang, Yu, He, Yuchen, Zhang, Yuchen, Jin, Yujia, Dai, Yunxing, and Malkov, Yury
Subjects: Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Computer Science - Computers and Society, Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Sound, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Audio and Speech Processing
Abstract: GPT-4o is an autoregressive omni model that accepts as input any combination of text, audio, image, and video, and generates any combination of text, audio, and image outputs. It's trained end-to-end across text, vision, and audio, meaning all inputs and outputs are processed by the same neural network. GPT-4o can respond to audio inputs in as little as 232 milliseconds, with an average of 320 milliseconds, which is similar to human response time in conversation. It matches GPT-4 Turbo performance on text in English and code, with significant improvement on text in non-English languages, while also being much faster and 50\% cheaper in the API. GPT-4o is especially better at vision and audio understanding compared to existing models. In line with our commitment to building AI safely and consistent with our voluntary commitments to the White House, we are sharing the GPT-4o System Card, which includes our Preparedness Framework evaluations. In this System Card, we provide a detailed look at GPT-4o's capabilities, limitations, and safety evaluations across multiple categories, focusing on speech-to-speech while also evaluating text and image capabilities, and measures we've implemented to ensure the model is safe and aligned. We also include third-party assessments on dangerous capabilities, as well as discussion of potential societal impacts of GPT-4o's text and vision capabilities.
Published: 2024

3. Timebound and Timeless in Italy: Why Eliot Chose Florence for Romola

Author: Button, Marilyn D., Farr, Martin, Series Editor, Brock, Michelle D., Series Editor, Zuelow, Eric G. E., Series Editor, Button, Marilyn D., editor, and Sheetz-Nguyen, Jessica A., editor
Published: 2025
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4. From ‘Flying Visit’ to Final Home: Mrs Trollope in Florence

Author: Button, Marilyn D., Farr, Martin, Series Editor, Brock, Michelle D., Series Editor, Zuelow, Eric G. E., Series Editor, Button, Marilyn D., editor, and Sheetz-Nguyen, Jessica A., editor
Published: 2025
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5. Introduction

Author: Button, Marilyn D., Sheetz-Nguyen, Jessica A., Farr, Martin, Series Editor, Brock, Michelle D., Series Editor, Zuelow, Eric G. E., Series Editor, Button, Marilyn D., editor, and Sheetz-Nguyen, Jessica A., editor
Published: 2025
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6. The role, the risk, and the reciprocity: Creating positive early rural placements in medical education

Author: Button, Brenton LG, Bohonis, Hafsa, Ross, Brian M, Kilbertus, Frances, Taylor, Kirstie, and Cameron, Erin
Published: 2024

7. Screen Media, Obesity, and Nutrition

Author: Staiano, Amanda E., Button, Alyssa M., Goldfield, Gary S., Robinson, Thomas N., Mota, Jorge, Woolford, Susan J., Katzmarzyk, Peter T., Christakis, Dimitri A., editor, and Hale, Lauren, editor
Published: 2025
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8. 'Probably Put Some Sort of Fear in': Investigating the Role of Heuristics in Cyber Awareness Messaging for Small to Medium Sized Enterprises

Author: Button, Dominic, Ophoff, Jacques, Irons, Alastair, McDonald, Sharon, Rannenberg, Kai, Editor-in-Chief, Soares Barbosa, Luís, Editorial Board Member, Carette, Jacques, Editorial Board Member, Tatnall, Arthur, Editorial Board Member, Neuhold, Erich J., Editorial Board Member, Stiller, Burkhard, Editorial Board Member, Stettner, Lukasz, Editorial Board Member, Pries-Heje, Jan, Editorial Board Member, M. Davison, Robert, Editorial Board Member, Rettberg, Achim, Editorial Board Member, Furnell, Steven, Editorial Board Member, Mercier-Laurent, Eunika, Editorial Board Member, Winckler, Marco, Editorial Board Member, Malaka, Rainer, Editorial Board Member, and Clarke, Nathan, editor
Published: 2025
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9. OtterROS: Picking and Programming an Uncrewed Surface Vessel for Experimental Field Robotics Research with ROS 2

Author: Sears, Thomas M. C., Cooper, M. Riley, Button, Sabrina R., and Marshall, Joshua A.
Subjects: Computer Science - Robotics, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Systems and Control
Abstract: There exist a wide range of options for field robotics research using ground and aerial mobile robots, but there are comparatively few robust and research-ready uncrewed surface vessels (USVs). This workshop paper starts with a snapshot of USVs currently available to the research community and then describes "OtterROS", an open source ROS 2 solution for the Otter USV. Field experiments using OtterROS are described, which highlight the utility of the Otter USV and the benefits of using ROS 2 in aquatic robotics research. For those interested in USV research, the paper details recommended hardware to run OtterROS and includes an example ROS 2 package using OtterROS, removing unnecessary non-recurring engineering from field robotics research activities., Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures. Accepted to the IEEE ICRA Workshop on Field Robotics 2024
Published: 2024

10. Public perceptions of counterfeit drugs in Nigeria and the European Union

Author: Obe, Adebowale and Button, Mark
Published: 2025
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11. Private investigations and ethical orientations: a cause for concern?

Author: Kapend, Richard, Button, Mark, and Stiernstedt, Peter
Published: 2025
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12. A Randomized Controlled Component Study of Cognitive Reminiscence Therapy for Psychological Resources and Mental Well-Being: Group-Based CRT Versus Self-Guided Homework Sheets

Author: Hallford, D. J., Gerring, K., Button, M., Campbell, R., and Sutton, K.
Published: 2024
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13. Disseminating fraud awareness and prevention advice to older adults: perspectives on the most effective means of delivery

Author: Button, Mark, Shepherd, David, Hawkins, Chloe, and Tapley, Jacki
Published: 2024
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14. Adolescent Hope: An Exploratory Investigation of Individual and Family Correlates by Racial/Ethnic Groups

Author: Fraser, Ashley M., Bryce, Crystal I., Calley, Anna S., Button, Julie A., and Rogers, Adam A.
Published: 2024
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15. A systematic review of health state utility values for older people with acute myeloid leukaemia

Author: Button, Elise, Carter, Hannah, Gavin, Nicole C., LeBlanc, Thomas W., and McCaffrey, Nikki
Published: 2024
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16. Analytical methods for Ir-192 determination and their comparison

Author: Piraner, Olga, Eardley, Karlee, Button, Jonathan, Ward, Cynthia D., and Valentin-Blasini, Liza
Published: 2024
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17. Efficient selection of gravitationally lensed OH megamasers with MeerKAT and the Square Kilometre Array

Author: Button, Charissa and Deane, Roger
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: There has been a recent resurgence in hydroxyl (OH) megamaser research driven by Square Kilometre Array (SKA) precursor/pathfinder telescopes. This will continue in the lead-up to the SKA mid-frequency array, which will greatly expand our view of OH megamasers and their cosmic evolution over $\gtrsim80$ per cent of the age of the universe. This is expected to yield large scientific returns as OH megamasers trace galaxy mergers, extreme star formation, high molecular gas densities, and potentially binary/dual supermassive black hole systems. In this paper, we predict the distortion to the OH luminosity function that a magnification bias will inflict, and in turn, predict the distortion on the OH megamaser number counts as a function of redshift. We identify spectral flux density thresholds that will enable efficient lensed OH megamaser selection in large spectral line surveys with MeerKAT and SKA. The surface density of lensed galaxies that could be discovered in this way is a strong function of the redshift evolution of the OH megamaser luminosity function, with predictions as high as $\sim$1 lensed OH source per square degree at high redshifts ($z \gtrsim 1$) for anticipated SKA spectral line survey designs. This could enable efficient selection of some of the most highly-obscured galaxies in the universe. This high-redshift selection efficiency, in combination with the large survey speed of the SKA at $\lesssim$1 GHz frequencies and the high magnifications possible with compact OH emission regions ($\mu_{\rm OH} \gg 10$), will enable a transformational view of OH in the universe., Comment: 13 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables; Accepted in MNRAS
Published: 2024

18. The Heterodox Economics of Passenger Airlines, Plagues, Pandemics, and Other Unhealthy Occurrences

Author: Button, Kenneth
Published: 2024
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19. Replication, a Hallmark of Good Science: Unraveling the Factors That Predict Replication Success

Author: Grant, Malcolm, Snook, Brent, and Button, Cathryn
Subjects: replication, replication crisis, simulation, reliability, Psychology, BF1-990
Abstract: Considerable discussion in recent years has focused on failures to replicate findings in the psychological literature. In a Monte Carlo simulation of the research process, we examined several characteristics of research studies that might predict replication success (i.e., when both studies show similar effect sizes), and when estimated effect sizes reflect true effects. In our simulation, a successful replication was most likely when the initial findings had already been replicated once by the original author and when measurement reliability was high. As expected, greater replication success was also associated with narrow confidence intervals around effect-size estimates. However, sample sizes (i.e., those typically found in experimental psychological research) contributed relatively little to replication success. The estimates of true effect sizes were more accurate, aligning closely with the values specified in the simulation, under the same conditions associated with replication success. We discuss our findings in terms of how changes in research practices might produce more reliable psychological research.
Published: 2025
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20. 'I’m living in a ‘no’ world now…'- A qualitative study of the widespread impact of living with chronic breathlessness, and experiences of identification and assessment of this symptom in an older, frail community-based population

Author: Helene L. Elliott-Button, Miriam J. Johnson, Ann Hutchinson, David C. Currow, and Joseph Clark
Subjects: Diseases of the respiratory system, RC705-779
Abstract: Abstract Chronic breathlessness is a debilitating symptom with detrimental impact on individuals and carers. However, little is known about the experiences of community-dwelling, frail, older adults living with chronic breathlessness. To explore, (i) the psychological impact of living with chronic breathlessness, (older frail adult patients, carers) and (ii) how patients, carers, and clinicians experience identification and assessment of chronic breathlessness in the primary care setting. In-depth semi-structured interviews with eligible older adults (≥65 years; moderate to severe frailty [electronic Frailty Index >0.36]), and carers recruited from a community-based Integrated Care Centre in England. Clinicians were recruited from the Centre and affiliated GP practices. Recorded in-person interviews were transcribed and subjected to reflexive thematic analysis using Total Dyspnoea and Breathing Space conceptual frameworks. 20 patients (9 females), carers (4 spouses, 1 daughter), and clinicians (5 GPs, 3 advanced clinical practitioners, 2 nurses) were interviewed. Four themes were identified: (1) Widespread negative impact of chronic breathlessness. Breathlessness adversely impacts physical and psychological wellbeing. (2) Barriers to optimal health-seeking and identification of chronic breathlessness. Breathlessness is ‘one of many’ symptoms, and not prioritised in ‘one appointment, one problem’ consultations. Clinicians do not routinely ask about breathlessness. Patients are unaware of breathlessness-specific therapies. (3) Variations in chronic breathlessness management. Management is limited; few are offered evidence-based treatments (e.g., handheld fan) and patients find their own strategies. (4) Need for education and information. Clinicians felt helpless about breathlessness management, and patients lacked understanding and had low expectations of receiving help for this symptom. Breathlessness adversely impacts the psychological wellbeing of older frail adults. Chronic breathlessness in older, frail adults is invisible, unidentified and unmanaged in primary care. Evidence-based breathlessness interventions are available, but not routinely implemented with few patients accessing them. Proactive identification, assessment and management of breathlessness in primary care is needed to support adults living with chronic breathlessness.
Published: 2025
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21. Epilogue

Author: Button, Marilyn D., Sheetz-Nguyen, Jessica A., Farr, Martin, Series Editor, Brock, Michelle D., Series Editor, Zuelow, Eric G. E., Series Editor, Button, Marilyn D., editor, and Sheetz-Nguyen, Jessica A., editor
Published: 2025
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22. The iterative conception of function and the iterative conception of set

Author: Button, Tim
Subjects: Mathematics - Logic, 03A05, 03E30
Abstract: Hilary Putnam once suggested that "the actual existence of sets as 'intangible objects' suffers... from a generalization of a problem first pointed out by Paul Benacerraf... are sets a kind of function or are functions a sort of set?" Sadly, he did not elaborate; my aim, here, is to do so on his behalf. There are well-known methods for treating sets as functions and functions as sets. But these do not raise any obvious philosophical or foundational puzzles. For that, we first need to provide a full-fledged function theory. I supply such a theory: it axiomatizes the iterative notion of function in exactly the same sense that ZF axiomatizes the iterative notion of set. Indeed, this function theory is synonymous with ZF. It might seem that set theory and function theory present us with rival foundations for mathematics, since they postulate different ontologies. But appearances are deceptive. Set theory and function theory provide the very same judicial foundation for mathematics. They do not supply rival metaphysical foundations; indeed, if they supply metaphysical foundations at all, then they supply the very same metaphysical foundations.
Published: 2023

23. Dissection of protein and RNA regions required for SPEN binding to XIST A-repeat RNA

Author: Button, Aileen C, Hall, Simone D, Ashley, Ethan L, and McHugh, Colleen Adare
Subjects: Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Biological Sciences, Genetics, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Generic health relevance, Female, Humans, Chromatin, DNA-Binding Proteins, Gene Silencing, RNA, Long Noncoding, RNA, Untranslated, RNA-Binding Proteins, X Chromosome, X Chromosome Inactivation, RNA recognition motif, RNA-protein interactions, SPEN, SHARP, X chromosome silencing, XIST noncoding RNA, RNA–protein interactions, Developmental Biology, Biochemistry and cell biology
Abstract: XIST noncoding RNA promotes the initiation of X chromosome silencing by recruiting the protein SPEN to one X chromosome in female mammals. The SPEN protein is also called SHARP (SMRT and HDAC-associated repressor protein) and MINT (Msx-2 interacting nuclear target) in humans. SPEN recruits N-CoR2 and HDAC3 to initiate histone deacetylation on the X chromosome, leading to the formation of repressive chromatin marks and silencing gene expression. We dissected the contributions of different RNA and protein regions to the formation of a human XIST-SPEN complex in vitro and identified novel sequence and structure determinants that may contribute to X chromosome silencing initiation. Binding of SPEN to XIST RNA requires RRM 4 of the protein, in contrast to the requirement of RRM 3 and RRM 4 for specific binding to SRA RNA. Measurements of SPEN binding to full-length, dimeric, trimeric, or other truncated versions of the A-repeat region revealed that high-affinity binding of XIST to SPEN in vitro requires a minimum of four A-repeat segments. SPEN binding to XIST A-repeat RNA changes the accessibility of the RNA at specific nucleotide sequences, as indicated by changes in RNA reactivity through chemical structure probing. Based on computational modeling, we found that inter-repeat duplexes formed by multiple A-repeats can present an unpaired adenosine in the context of a double-stranded region of RNA. The presence of this specific combination of sequence and structural motifs correlates with high-affinity SPEN binding in vitro. These data provide new information on the molecular basis of the XIST and SPEN interaction.
Published: 2024

24. The profile and detection of bribery in South Korea

Author: Hock, Branislav, Park, Hyeonho, Oh, Jeehyun, and Button, Mark
Published: 2025
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25. Policing cross-border fraud ‘Above and below the surface’: mapping actions and developing a more effective global response

Author: Button, Mark, Hock, Branislav, Suh, Joon Bae, and Koh, Chol Soo
Published: 2025
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26. What really works in preventing fraud against organisations and do decision-makers really need to know?

Author: Button, Mark, Hock, Branislav, Shepherd, David, and Gilmour, Paul M.
Published: 2024
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27. Preventing Sexual Harm in Nightlife Settings: A Scoping Review

Author: Button, Kira, Taylor, Nicholas, Guala, Tahnee, De Andrade, Dominique, Coomber, Kerri, Quigg, Zara, and Miller, Peter
Published: 2024
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28. A new multi-metric approach for quantifying global biodiscovery and conservation priorities reveals overlooked hotspots for amphibians

Author: Button, Sky and Borzée, Amaël
Subjects: Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution
Abstract: Undocumented species represent one of the largest hurdles for conservation efforts due to the uncertainty they introduce into conservation planning. Until the distribution of earth's biodiversity is better understood, substantial conjecture will continue to be required for protecting species from anthropogenic extinction. Therefore, we developed a novel approach for identifying regions with promising biodiscovery prospects, linked to integrative conservation priorities, which we illustrate using amphibians. Our approach builds on previous estimates of biodiscovery priorities by simultaneously (1) considering linkages between spatio-environmental variables and biodiversity, (2) accounting for the negative relationship between past sampling intensity and future biodiscovery potential, (3) incorporating a priori knowledge about global species distribution patterns, (4) addressing spatial autocorrelation in community composition, and (5) weighting theoretical undocumented species by their predicted levels of conservation need. Using boosted regression trees and 50km^2 map pixels spread across the global range of amphibians, we identified several regions likely to contain many undocumented amphibian species and conservation needs, including the Southeast Asian Archipelago, humid portions of sub-Saharan Africa, and undersampled portions of the Amazon, Andes Mountains, and Central America. We also ranked top-scoring ecoregions by their mean and maximum biodiscovery potential and found that the top-20 ranked ecoregions were most concentrated in the Southeast Asian Archipelago and tropical Africa for undocumented species richness, and in tropical Africa and tropical South America for integrative undocumented amphibian conservation needs. However, high-scoring pixels tended to be widely distributed across different ecoregions for both biodiscovery scoring approaches.
Published: 2023

29. Wand/set theories: A realization of Conway's mathematicians' liberation movement, with an application to Church's set theory with a universal set

Author: Button, Tim
Subjects: Mathematics - Logic, 03A05, 03E30
Abstract: Consider a variant of the usual story about the iterative conception of sets. As usual, at every stage, you find all the (bland) sets of objects which you found earlier. But you also find the result of tapping any earlier-found object with any magic wand (from a given stock of magic wands). By varying the number and behaviour of the wands, we can flesh out this idea in many different ways. This paper's main Theorem is that any loosely constructive way of fleshing out this idea is synonymous with a ZF-like theory. This Theorem has rich applications; it realizes John Conway's (1976) Mathematicians' Liberation Movement; and it connects with a lovely idea due to Alonzo Church (1974)., Comment: Minor typographic corrections
Published: 2023

30. Gastrojejunostomy junction perforation resulting from Dobhoff tube insertion in a patient with a history of Roux-en-Y surgery: a case report

Author: Monty Khela, Charles Button, Noureen Asghar, Jalal Dufani, Akshat Sood, and Joseph Thirumalareddy
Subjects: Dobhoff tube, Perforation, Roux-en-Y surgery, Iatrogenic injury, Endoscopic intervention, Medicine
Abstract: Abstract Background Gastrojejunostomy junction perforation is a rare yet critical complication associated with enteral tube placement, presenting unique challenges in patients with a history of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. Case presentation A 63-year-old white female with a complex medical history, including heart failure, atrial fibrillation, stage 4 chronic kidney disease, and prior Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery in 2015, experienced a significant decline in her health. She was discharged to a skilled nursing facility after a fall but deteriorated rapidly in the 2 weeks before admission. She presented with symptoms of failure to thrive, abdominal/back pain, inability to eat or drink, constipation, and stool incontinence. Lab tests showed anemia, electrolyte imbalances, and acute kidney injury. Imaging confirmed Roux-en-Y gastric bypass anatomy and a small hiatal hernia. Despite treatment attempts, her condition worsened. Nutrition discussions led to a temporary Dobhoff tube placement, considering her Roux-en-Y gastric bypass history, with plans for a gastrostomy tube. However, Dobhoff tube placement posed challenges, and imaging later revealed perforation near the gastrojejunostomy junction. After consulting with the family, the decision was made to transition the patient to comfort care due to her overall condition. Yearly education of staff about Roux-en-Y gastric bypass anatomy and updated Dobhoff placement protocol was implemented with physician oversight. Further imaging protocol in a patient who had had a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass was updated to include fluoroscopic guidance when endoscopic placement was unavailable. Conclusions This case highlights the intricacies of managing patients with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass history and underscores the need for meticulous planning and consideration of anatomical variations when performing procedures involving the gastrointestinal tract and the importance of involving multiple healthcare disciplines in complex decision-making and preventive measures to enhance patient safety in similar cases.
Published: 2024
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31. 'Snow Days Are the Best Days.' Exploring Teachers' and Administrators' Perceptions of Weather-Related School Disruptions

Author: Brenton Button, Carson Ouellette, and Gina Martin
Abstract: Extreme weather events are becoming increasingly common and have the potential to impact the school day. This study aimed to explore teachers' and administrators' perspectives on weather-related school closures. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten key informants and analyzed using content analysis. Informants took a strengths-based approach and discussed the benefits of weather-related disruptions for student mental health and planning time. However, informants did mention that if these days continued to rise, it might be a cause for concern. School boards need to begin monitoring the impact of weather events.
Published: 2024
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32. Lack of optimistic bias during social evaluation learning reflects reduced positive self-beliefs in depression and social anxiety, but via distinct mechanisms

Author: Hoffmann, Janina A., Hobbs, Catherine, Moutoussis, Michael, and Button, Katherine S.
Published: 2024
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33. MulTI-domain self-management in older People wiTh OstEoarthritis and multi-morbidities: protocol for the TIPTOE randomised controlled trial

Author: Deere, Rachel, Pallmann, Philip, Shepherd, Victoria, Brookes-Howell, Lucy, Carson-Stevens, Andrew, Davies, Ffion, Dunphy, Emma, Gupta, Preeti, Hickson, Mary, Hill, Val, Ingarfield, Kate, Ivins, Nicola, Jones, Fiona, Letchford, Robert, Lowe, Rachel, Nash, Sarah, Otter, Paula, Prout, Hayley, Randell, Elizabeth, Sewell, Bernadette, Smith, Debs, Trubey, Robert, Wainwright, Tom, Busse, Monica, and Button, Kate
Published: 2024
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34. A systematic umbrella review and meta-meta-analysis of eHealth and mHealth interventions for improving lifestyle behaviours

Author: Singh, Ben, Ahmed, Mavra, Staiano, Amanda E., Gough, Claire, Petersen, Jasmine, Vandelanotte, Corneel, Kracht, Chelsea, Huong, Christopher, Yin, Zenong, Vasiloglou, Maria F., Pan, Chen-Chia, Short, Camille E., Mclaughlin, Matthew, von Klinggraeff, Lauren, Pfledderer, Christopher D., Moran, Lisa J., Button, Alyssa M., and Maher, Carol A.
Published: 2024
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35. Amyloid-beta antibody binding to cerebral amyloid angiopathy fibrils and risk for amyloid-related imaging abnormalities

Author: Söderberg, Linda, Johannesson, Malin, Gkanatsiou, Eleni, Nygren, Patrik, Fritz, Nicolas, Zachrisson, Olof, Rachalski, Adeline, Svensson, Anne-Sophie, Button, Emily, Dentoni, Giacomo, Osswald, Gunilla, Lannfelt, Lars, and Möller, Christer
Published: 2024
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36. TRPV2 modulates mechanically Induced ATP Release from Human bronchial epithelial cells

Author: Dunne, Orla M., Martin, S. Lorraine, Sergeant, Gerard P., McAuley, Daniel F., O’Kane, Cecilia M., Button, Brian, McGarvey, Lorcan P., and Lundy, Fionnuala T.
Published: 2024
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37. COVID-related stressors, psychological distress and social support in Atlantic Canadian University students

Author: Fowler, Ken, Escoto-Rivera, Andrea Lorena, Hesson, Jacqueline, and Button, Pamela
Published: 2024
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38. Quasi-actions whose quasi-orbits are quasi-isometric to trees

Author: Button, J. O.
Subjects: Mathematics - Group Theory, Mathematics - Geometric Topology
Abstract: We give necessary and sufficient conditions under which a quasi-action of any group on an arbitrary metric space can be reduced to a cobounded isometric action on some bounded valence tree, following a result of Mosher, Sageev and Whyte. Moreover if the quasi-action is metrically proper and quasi-orbits are quasi-isometric to trees then the group is virtually free.
Published: 2023

39. Exploring the Intersections of Youth Homelessness, Disabilities, and Human Trafficking

Author: Zedalis, Kaitlyn, Button, Kylen, and Czekajlo, Rolidel
Published: 2024

40. Higher dose corticosteroids in hospitalised COVID-19 patients requiring ventilatory support (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trialResearch in context

Author: O. Abani, A. Abbas, F. Abbas, J. Abbas, K. Abbas, M. Abbas, S. Abbasi, H. Abbass, A. Abbott, N. Abdallah, A. Abdelaziz, M. Abdelfattah, B. Abdelqader, A. Abdul, B. Abdul, S. Abdul, A. Abdul Rasheed, A. Abdulakeem, R. Abdul-Kadir, A. Abdullah, A. Abdulmumeen, R. Abdul-Raheem, N. Abdulshukkoor, K. Abdusamad, Y. Abed El Khaleq, M. Abedalla, A. Abeer Ul Amna, L. Abel, K. Abernethy, M. Abeywickrema, C. Abhinaya, A. Abidin, A. Aboaba, A. Aboagye-Odei, C. Aboah, H. Aboelela, H. Abo-Leyah, K. Abouelela, A. Abou-Haggar, M. Abouibrahim, A. Abousamra, M. Abouzaid, M. Abraham, T. Abraham, A. Abraheem, J. Abrams, R. Abrams, H.J. Abu, A. Abu-Arafeh, S.M. Abubacker, A. Abung, Y. Abusamra, Y. Aceampong, A. Achara, D. Acharya, F. Acheampong, P. Acheampong, S. Acheampong, J. Acheson, S. Achieng, A. Acosta, R. Acquah, C. Acton, J. Adabie-Ankrah, P. Adair, A.S. Adam, F. Adam, M. Adam, H. Adamali, M. Adamczyk, C. Adams, D. Adams, K. Adams, L. Adams, N. Adams, R. Adams, T. Adams, L. Adamu-Ikeme, K. Adatia, K. Adcock, L. Addai-Boampong, A. Addo, O. Adeagbo, A. Adebiyi, O. Adedeji, Y. Adegeye, K. Adegoke, V. Adell, S. Adenwalla, F.W. Adeoye, O.A. Adesemoye, E.O. Adewunmi, A. Adeyanju, J. Adeyemi, T. Adeyemo, B. Adhikari, S.A. Adhikari, R. Adhikary, A. Aditya, P. Adjepong, G. Adkins, A. Adnan, M. Adriaanse, J. Aeron-Thomas, D. Affleck, C. Afnan, M. Afridi, P. Afrim, F.A. Afriyie, Z.A. Aftab, A. Afum-Adjei Awuah, M. Agarwal, P.N. Agasiya, R. Agbeko, C. Agbo, S. Aggarwal, A. Aghababaie, L. Aguilar Jimenez, J.A. Agyekum, K. Agyen, E.K. Ahadome, S. Ahamed Sadiq, M.H. Ahammed Nazeer, M. Ahmad, S. Ahmad, A. Ahmed, B.A.R. Ahmed, B. Ahmed, F. Ahmed, H. Ahmed, I. Ahmed, K. Ahmed, L. Ahmed, M. Ahmed, M.C. Ahmed, M.S. Ahmed, N. Ahmed, O. Ahmed, R.A. Ahmed, R. Ahmed, S. Ahmed, S.G. Ahmed, S.H. Ahmed, R. Ahmed Ali, B. Ahmed Mohamud, S. Ahmer, A. Ahonia, C. Aidoo, C. Aiken, D. Ail, M. Ainsworth, M. Aissa, L. Aitken, B. Ajay, A. Ajibode, A. Ajmi, N. Akhtar, S. Akili, B. Akinbiyi, O. Akindolie, Y. Akinfenwa, O. Akinkugbe, I. Akinpelu, M. Akram, O. Aktinade, U. Akudi, A.S.A.R. Al Aaraj, A. Al Balushi, M. Al Dakhola, A. Al Swaifi, E. Al-Abadi, A. Alabi, N. Aladangady, M. Alafifi, A. Alam, S. Alam, A. Al-Asadi, K. Alatzoglou, P. Albert, A. Albertus, L. Albon, A. Alcala, G. Alcorn, S. Alcorn, A. Aldana, D. Alderdice, A. Aldesouki, R. Aldouri, J. Aldridge, N. Aldridge, R. Ale, R.M. Ale, A. Alegria, A. Alexander, C. Alexander, J. Alexander, P.D.G. Alexander, J. Al-fori, L. Alghazawi, O. Alhabsha, B. Al-Hakim, R. Alhameed, M. Al-Hayali, S. Al-Hity, A. Ali, F.R. Ali, J. Ali, M. Ali, M.S. Ali, N. Ali, O. Ali, R. Ali, S. Ali, E. Aliberti, J. Alin, A. Alina, A. Alipustain, B. Alisjahbana, F. Aliyuda, K. Alizadeh, M. Al-Jibury, S. Al-Juboori, M. Al-Khalil, A. Alkhudhayri, M. Alkhusheh, F. Allan, N. Allan, A. Allanson, R. Allcock, E. Allen, J. Allen, K. Allen, L. Allen, P. Allen, R. Allen, S. Allen, T. Allen, A. Alli, K. Allison, B. Allman, H.K. Allsop, L. Allsop, D. Allsup, A.F.T. Almahroos, H. Al-Moasseb, M. Al-Obaidi, L. Alomari, A. Al-Rabahi, B. Al-Ramadhani, Z. Al-Saadi, R. Al-Sammarraie, I. Alshaer, R. Al-Shahi Salman, W. Al-Shamkhani, F. Alsheikh, B. Al-Sheklly, S. Altaf, A. Alty, M. Alvarez, M. Alvarez Corral, E. Alveyn, M. Alzetani, S. Amamou, N. Amar, S. Ambalavanan, R. Ambrogetti, C. Ambrose, A. Ameen, A. Amelia Ganefianty, K. Ames, M.R. Amezaga, A. Amin, K. Amin, S. Amin, T. Amin, B. Amit, A. Amjad, N. Amjad, J. Amoah-Dankwa, A. Amoako-Adusei, V. Amosun, M. Amsal, K. Amsha, J. Amuasi, N. Amutio Martin, P. Amy, A. Anada, A. Anand, S. Anandappa, S.D. Anantapatnaikuni, N.K.N. Andari, E. Anderson, J. Anderson, L. Anderson, M. Anderson, N. Anderson, R. Anderson, S. Anderson, W. Anderson, P. Andreou, A. Andrews, J. Andrews, K. Aneke, A. Ang, W.W. Ang, T. Angel, A. Angela, P. Angelini, L. Anguvaa, O. Anichtchik, M. Anim-Somuah, K. Aniruddhan, J. Annett, L. Anning, M. Ansah, P.J. Anstey, R. Anstey, A. Anthony, A. Anthony-Pillai, P. Antill, Z. Antonina, V. Anu, M. Anwar, S. Anwar, E. Apetri, A. Apostolopoulos, S. Appleby, D. Appleyard, M.F. Aquino, B. Araba, S. Aransiola, M. Araujo, A. Archer, D. Archer, S. Archer, D. Arcoria, C. Ardley, G. Arhin-Sam, A.-M. Arias, O. Aribike, R. Arimoto, N.L.P.E. Arisanti, C. Arkley, C. Armah, I. Armata, J. Armistead, A. Armitage, C. Armstrong, M. Armstrong, S. Armstrong, W. Armstrong, P. Armtrong, H. Arndt, C. Arnison-Newgass, D. Arnold, R. Arnold, A. Arnott, D. Arora, K. Arora, P. Arora, R. Arora, A. Arter, A. Arthur, N.M. Artini, A. Arumaithurai, A. Arya, R. Arya, D. Aryal, D. Asandei, G.A. Asare, A. Asghar, M. Asghar, A. Ashab, C. Ashbrook-Raby, H. Ashby, J. Ashcroft, S. Ashcroft, G. Asher, Z. Ashfak, A. Ashfaq, H.A. Asiamah, A. Ashish, D. Ashley, S. Ashman-Flavell, S. Ashok, A.-E.-A. Ashour, M.Z. Ashraf, S. Ashraf, M.B. Ashraq, D. Ashton, S. Ashton, A. Ashworth, F.J. Ashworth, R. Ashworth, A. Aslam, I. Aslam, S. Aslam, L. Aslett, H. Asogan, A. Asrar, O. Assaf, R. Astin-Chamberlain, Y.E. Atabudzi, P. Athavale, D. Athorne, B. Atkins, C. Atkins, S. Atkins, J. Atkinson, V. Atkinson, A. Atomode, B. Atraskiewicz, A.A. Attia, E. Attubato, M. Attwood, P. Aubrey, Z. Auer, A. Aujayeb, A.T. Aung, H. Aung, H.W.W. Aung, K.K. Aung, K.T. Aung, N. Aung, Y. Aung, Z.M. Aung, E. Austin, K. Austin, A. Auwal, M. Avari, M. Avery, N. Aveyard, J. Avis, G. Aviss, C. Avram, P. Avram, A. Awadelkareem, G. Awadzi, M. Awaly, A. Awan, S. Awisi, A. Aya, E. Ayaz, J.M. Ayerh, A. Ayers, J. Azam, A. Azeem, M. Azharuddin, A. Aziz, G. Aziz, I. Aziz, N. Aziz, A. Azkoul, A. Azman Shah, G. Azzopardi, H. Azzoug, F. Babatunde, M. Babi, B. Babiker, G. Babington, M. Babirecki, M. Babores, A.O. Babs-Osibodu, T. Bac, S. Bacciarelli, R. Bachar, M.-E. Bachour, A. Bachti, G. Bacon, J. Bacon, B. Badal, A. Badat, M. Bader, G.R. Badhan, S. Badhrinarayanan, J.P. Bae, A. Baggaley, A. Baggott, G. Bagley, D. Bagmane, L. Bagshaw, K. Bahadori, Y. Bahurupi, A. Bailey, J. Bailey, K. Bailey, L. Bailey, M.A. Bailey, M. Bailey, P. Bailey, S. Bailey, H. Baillie, J.K. Baillie, J. Bain, V. Bains, D. Baird, E. Baird, K. Baird, S. Baird, T. Baird, Y. Baird, A. Bajandouh, M. Bajracharya, D.C. Baker, E. Baker, J. Baker, K. Baker, M. Baker, R. Baker, T.-A. Baker, V. Baker, H. Bakere, N. Bakerly, M. Baker-Moffatt, A. Bakhai, N. Bakhtiar, P. Bakoulas, D. Bakthavatsalam, N. Balachandran, A. Balan, P. Balasingam, T. Balaskas, M. Balasubramaniam, N. Balatoni, A. Balcombe, A. Baldwin, C. Baldwin, D. Baldwin, F. Baldwin, R. Baldwin-Jones, N. Bale, J. Balfour, M. Ball, Ro Ball, K. Ballard, I. Balluz, C. Balmforth, E. Balogh, A. Baltmr, A. Baluwala, G. Bambridge, A. Bamford, P. Bamford, A. Bamgboye, E. Bancroft, H. Bancroft, J. Banda, K. Bandaru, S. Bandi, N. Bandla, S. Bandyopadhyam, A. Banerjee, R. Banerjee, P. Bang, S. Baniya, O. Bani-Saad, H. Banks, L. Banks, P. Banks, C. Bann, H. Bannister, O. Bannister, L. Banton, D.G. Bao, T. Bao, M. Baptist, T. Baqai, A.M. Baral, S.C. Baral, D. Baramova, R. Barber, E. Barbon, M. Barbosa, J. Barbour, A. Barclay, C. Barclay, G. Bardsley, S. Bareford, S. Bari, M. Barimbing, A. Barker, D. Barker, E. Barker, H. Barker, J. Barker, L. Barker, O. Barker, K. Barker-Williams, S. Barkha, J. Barla, G. Barlow, R. Barlow, V. Barlow, J. Barnacle, A. Barnard, D. Barnes, N. Barnes, R. Barnes, T. Barnes, C. Barnetson, A. Barnett, A. Barnett-Vanes, P.G. Barning, W. Barnsley, A. Barr, D. Barr, J. Barr, C. Barr, N. Barratt, S. Barratt, M. Barrera, A. Barrett, Fi Barrett, J. Barrett, S. Barrett, E. Barrow, J. Bartholomew, M.S. Barthwal, C. Bartlett, G. Bartlett, J. Bartlett, L. Bartlett, S. Bartley, S. Bartolmeu-Pires, A. Barton, G. Barton, J. Barton, L. Barton, R. Barton, R. Baruah, S. Baryschpolec, H. Bashir, A. Bashyal, B. Basker, S. Basnet, B. Basnyat, A. Basoglu, A. Basran, J. Bassett, G. Bassett, C. Bassford, B. Bassoy, V. Bastion, A. Bastola, A. Basumatary, P. Basvi, J.A. Batac, V.R. Bataduwaarachchi, T. Bate, H.J. Bateman, K. Bateman, V. Bateman, E. Bates, H. Bates, M. Bates, S. Bates, S. Batham, A. Batista, A. Batla, D. Batra, H. Batty, T. Batty, A. Batty, M. Baum, R. Baumber, C. Bautista, F. Bawa, T. Bawa, F.S. Bawani, S. Bax, M. Baxter, N. Baxter, Z. Baxter, H. Bayes, L.-A. Bayo, F. Bazari, R. Bazaz, A. Bazli, L. Beacham, W. Beadles, K. Beadon, P. Beak, A. Beale, K. Beard, J. Bearpark, A. Beasley, S. Beattie, K. Beaumont, D. Beaumont-Jewell, T. Beaver, S. Beavis, C. Beazley, S. Beck, V. Beckett, R. Beckitt, S. Beckley, H. Beddall, S. Beddows, D. Beeby, S. Beeby, G. Beech, M. Beecroft, N. Beer, Sa Beer, J. Beety, G. Bega, A. Begg, S. Begg, S. Beghini, A. Begum, S. Begum, T. Behan, R. Behrouzi, J. Beishon, C. Beith, J. Belcher, H. Belfield, K. Belfield, A. Belgaumkar, D. Bell, G. Bell, J. Bell, L. Bell, N. Bell, P. Bell, S. Bell, J. Bellamu, M. Bellamy, T. Bellamy, A. Bellini, A. Bellis, F. Bellis, L. Bendall, N. Benesh, N. Benetti, S.A. Bengu, L. Benham, G. Benison-Horner, S. Benkenstein, T. Benn, A. Bennett, C. Bennett, D. Bennett, G. Bennett, K. Bennett, L. Bennett, M.R. Bennett, S. Bennett, K. Bennion, G. Benoy, V. Benson, A. Bentley, J. Bentley, I. Benton, E. Beranova, M. Beresford, C. Bergin, M. Bergstrom, J. Bernatoniene, T. Berriman, Z. Berry, F. Best, K. Best, A.-M. Bester, Y. Beuvink, E. Bevan, S. Bevins, T. Bewick, A. Bexley, S. Beyatli, F. Beynon, A. Bhadi, S. Bhagani, S. Bhakta, R. Bhalla, K. Bhandal, A. Bhandari, L. Bhandari, L.N. Bhandari, S. Bhandari, J. Bhanich Supapol, A. Bhanot, R. Bhanot, S. Bhasin, A. Bhat, P. Bhat, R. Bhatnagar, K. Bhatt, J. Bhayani, D. Bhojwani, P. Bhuie, M.S. Bhuiyan, S. Bhuiyan, A. Bibby, F. Bibi, N. Bibi, S. Bibi, T. Bicanic, S. Bidgood, J. Bigg, S. Biggs, A. Biju, A. Bikov, S. Billingham, J. Billings, P. Binh, A. Binns, M. BinRofaie, O. Bintcliffe, C. Birch, J. Birch, K. Birchall, S. Bird, M. Birt, C. Bishop, K. Bishop, L. Bishop, K. Bisnauthsing, N. Biswas, M. Bittaye, S. Biuk, K. Blachford, E. Black, H. Black, K. Black, M. Black, P. Black, V. Black, H. Blackgrove, B. Blackledge, J. Blackler, S. Blackley, H. Blackman, C. Blackstock, C. Blair, F. Blakemore, H. Blamey, A. Bland, S. Blane, S. Blankley, P. Blaxill, K. Blaylock, J. Blazeby, N. Blencowe, B. Bloom, J. Bloomfield, A. Bloss, A. Blowers, S. Blows, H. Bloxham, S. Blrd, L. Blundell, A. Blunsum, M. Blunt, T. Blunt, I. Blyth, K. Blyth, A. Blythe, K. Blythe, K.A. Boahen, M. Boampoaa, S. Board, E. Boatemah, B. Bobie, K. Bobruk, P.N. Bodalia, N. Bodasing, M. Boden, T. Bodenham, G. Boehmer, M. Boffito, K. Bohanan, K. Bohmova, N. Bohnacker, S. Bokhandi, M. Bokhar, S. Bokhari, S.O. Bokhari, I. Bokobza, A. Boles, C. Bolger, C. Bonaconsa, C. Bond, H. Bond, S. Bond, T. Bond, A. Bone, G. Boniface, J. Bonney, L. Bonney, L. Booker, S. Boot, M. Boothroyd, J. Borbone, N. Borman, S. Bosence, K. Bostock, N. Botting, F. Bottrill, H. Bouattia, L. Bough, H. Boughton, Z. Boult, T. Boumrah, M. Bourke, S. Bourke, M. Bourne, R. Bousfield, L. Boustred, A. Bowes, P. Bowker, T. Bowker, H. Bowler, L. Bowman, S. Bowman, R. Bowmer, A. Bowring, H. Bowyer, A. Boyd, J. Boyd, L. Boyd, N. Boyer, N. Boyle, P. Boyle, R. Boyle, L. Boyles, L. Brace, A. Bracken, J. Bradder, C.J. Bradley, P. Bradley, J. Bradley-Potts, L. Bradshaw, Z. Bradshaw, C. Brady, R. Brady, S. Brady, P. Braga Sardo, D. Braganza, M. Braithwaite, S. Brammer, M. Branch, T. Brankin-Frisby, J. Brannigan, S. Brattan, F. Bray, N. Bray, M. Brazil, L. Brear, Tr Brear, S. Brearey, L. Bremner, M. Brend, C. Bresges, C. Bressington, G. Bretland, C. Brewer, M. Bridgett, G. Bridgwood, S. Brigham, J. Bright, C. Brightling, T. Brigstock, L. Brimfield, P. Brinksman, E. Brinkworth, R. Brittain-Long, V. Britten, H. Britton, L. Broad, S. Broadhead, R. Broadhurst, A. Broadley, M. Broadway, C. Brockelsby, M. Brocken, T. Brockley, M. Brodsky, F. Brogan, L. Brohan, F. Brokke, J. Brolly, D. Bromley, H. Brooke-Ball, V. Brooker, M. Brookes, D. Brooking, A. Brooks, D. Brooks, J. Brooks, K. Brooks, N. Brooks, P. Brooks, R. Brooks, S. Brooks, M. Broom, N. Broomhead, C. Broughton, N. Broughton, M. Brouns, A. Brown, C. Brown, E. Brown, H. Brown, J. Brown, L. Brown, N. Brown, P. Brown, R. Brown, S. Brown, T. Brown, B. Browne, C. Browne, D. Browne, M. Browne, S. Brownlee, A. Brraka, J. Bruce, M. Bruce, W. Brudlo, A. Brunchi, N. Brunskill, A. Brunton, M. Brunton, M. Bryant, E. Bryden, H. Brzezicki, A. Buazon, M.H. Buch, R. Buchan, R. Buchanan, D. Buche, A. Buck, L. Buck, M. Buckland, C. Buckley, L. Buckley, P. Buckley, S. Buckley, C. Buckman, A. Budds, G. Bugg, R. Bujazia, M. Bukhari, S. Bukhari, R. Bulbulia, A. Bull, D. Bull, K. Bull, R. Bull, Th Bull, E. Bullock, S. Bullock, N. Bulteel, K. Bumunarachchi, R. Bungue-Tuble, O. Burbidge, C. Burchett, D. Burda, C. Burden, T.G. Burden, Mi Burgess, R. Burgess, S. Burgess, E. Burhan, H. Burhan, H. Burke, K. Burke, A. Burman, S. Burnard, C. Burnett, S. Burnett, A. Burns, C. Burns, J. Burns, K. Burns, D. Burrage, K. Burrows, C. Burston, A. Burton, B. Burton, F. Burton, H. Burton, M. Burton, M. Butar butar, D. Butcher, A. Butler, E. Butler, J. Butler, P. Butler, S. Butler, A.-T. Butt, M. Butt, M.M. Butt, C. Butterworth, N. Butterworth-Cowin, R. Buttery, T. Buttle, H. Button, D. Buttress, H. Bye, J. Byrne, W. Byrne, V. Byrne-Watts, N.K. C, A. Cabandugama, L. Cabrero, S. Caddy, R. Cade, A. Cadwgan, Z. Cahilog, A. Cahyareny, D. Cairney, J. Calderwood, D. Caldow, E. Cale, G. Calisti, D. Callaghan, J. Callaghan, C. Callens, D. Callum, C. Calver, M. Cambell-Kelly, T. Camburn, D.R. Cameron, E. Cameron, F. Cameron, S. Cameron, C. Camm, F.D. Cammack, A. Campbell, B. Campbell, D. Campbell, H. Campbell, J. Campbell, K. Campbell, M. Campbell, R. Campbell, W. Campbell, Q. Campbell Hewson, J. Camsooksai, L. Canclini, S.M. Candido, J. Candlish, C. Caneja, A. Cann, J. Cann, R. Cannan, A. Cannon, E. Cannon, M. Cannon, P. Cannon, V. Cannons, E. Canonizado, J. Cantliff, N. Cap, N.T. Cap, B. Caplin, S. Capocci, N. Caponi, A. Capp, R. Capstick, T. Capstick, C. Caraenache, A. Card, M. Cardwell, C. Carey, R. Carey, S. Carley, F. Carlin, T. Carlin, S. Carmichael, M. Carmody, M. Carnahan, C. Caroline, J. Carpenter, S. Carr, A. Carrasco, Z. Carrington, A. Carroll, P. Carroll, R. Carson, C. Cart, E. Carter, J. Carter, M. Carter, N. Carter, P. Carter, D. Cartwright, J.-A. Cartwright, C. Carty, L. Carty, J. Carungcong, C. Carver, E. Carver, R. Carver, S. Casey, A. Cassells, T. Castiello, G. Castle, B. Castles, M. Caswell, A.M. Catana, H. Cate, A. Catelan Zborowski, S. Cathcart, K. Cathie, D. Catibog, C. Catley, L. Catlow, M. Caudwell, A. Cavazza, A. Cave, L. Cave, S. Cavinato, F. Cawa, K. Cawley, C. Caws, K. Cawthorne, H. Cendl, H. Century, J. Cernova, M. Cesay, E. Cetti, S. Chabane, M. Chablani, C. Chabo, J. Chacko, D. Chadwick, J. Chadwick, R. Chadwick, E. Chakkarapani, A. Chakraborty, M. Chakraborty, M. Chakravorty, P. Chalakova, B. Chalise, B.S. Chalise, J. Chalmers, R. Chalmers, G. Chamberlain, S. Chamberlain, E. Chambers, J. Chambers, L. Chambers, N. Chambers, A. Chan, C. Chan, E. 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Svensson, S. Svirpliene, A. Swain, R. Swain, T. Swaine, C. Swales, C. Swanson-Low, T. Swart, S. Sweetman, E. Swift, P. Swift, R. Swift, R. Swingler, S. Swinhoe, K. Swist-Szulik, L. Swithenbank, O. Syed, C. Sykes, D. Sykes, E. Sykes, L. Sylvester, D. Symington, D. Symon, A. Syndercombe, Z. Syrimi, J. Syson, G. Szabo, D. Szabó, T. Szakmany, N. Szarazova, M. Szekely, A. Szekeres, M. Szeto, K. Szymiczek, M. Tabish, M. Tadros, A. Tageldin, L. Tague, H. Tahir, M. Tahir, M. Tai, J. Tait, A. Takyi, P. Talbot, A. Talbot-Smith, J. Talbot-Ponsonby, R. Tallent, B. Tallon, A. Talukdar, A. Tan, B.T. Tan, H. Tan, J. Tan, J.S. Tan, K. Tan, W.T. Tan, A. Tana, A. Tanner, C. Tanney, T. Tanqueray, E. Tanton, A. Tantri, T. Tanzil-Al-Imran, H. Tarft, P. Taribagil, O. Tarin, S. Tariq, D. Tarpey, E. Tarr, L. Tarrant, A. Tasiou, A. Tate, M. Tate, M.L. Tate, P. Tate, K. Tatham, S.S. Tavares, V. Tavoukjian, S.A.I. Tay, A. Taylor, B. Taylor, C. Taylor, C.A. Taylor, D. Taylor, E. Taylor, H. Taylor, J. Taylor, K. 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Vass, K. Vassell, V. Vasu, V. Vasudevan, M. Vatish, S. Vaughan, H. Vayalaman, D. Vayapooree, C. Vaz, N. Veale, S. Veerasamy, S. Velankar, L. Velauthar, N. Veli, N. Vella, A. Velugupati, A. Velusamy, I. Venables, M. Venditti, R. Venkataramakrishnan, R. Venn, M. Venter, L. Ventilacion, J. Vere, M. Veres, S. Vergnano, W. Verling, A. Verma, R. Vernall, B. Vernon, M. Vertue, L. Verueco, J. Verula, A. Veterini, N. Vethanayagam, S. Vettikumaran, L. Veys, C. Vickers, S. Victor, S. Victoria, C. Vidaillic, C.P. Vidaillac, J. Vidler, B. Vijayakumar, V.W. Vijayaraghavan Nalini, B. Vilcinskaite, A. Vileito, N. Vilimiene, L. Vinall, S. Vinay, L. Vinayakarao, O. Vincent, R. Vincent, N.Q. Vinh, P. Virdee, E. Virgilio, A.M. Virk, E. Visentin, M. Vitaglione, K. Vithian, S. Vittoria, S. Vivekananthan, E. Vlad, B. Vlies, L. von Oven, C. Vooght, K.T. Vu Thai, K. Vutipongsatorn, A. Vuylsteke, E. Vyras, R. Wach, B. Wadams, S. Wadd, N. Waddington, P. Wade, J. Wadsley, K. Wadsworth, S.E.I. Wafa, D. Wagstaff, L. Wagstaff, D. Wahab, Z. Wahbi, A. Waheed Adigun, S. Waidyanatha, A. Waite, R. Wake, A. Wakefield, W. Wakeford, F. Wakinshaw, E. Waldeck, A. Walden, L. Walding, A. Waldron, J. Waldron, E. Wales, B. Wali, D. Walker, G. Walker, H. Walker, I. Walker, K. Walker, L. Walker, O. Walker, R. Walker, S. Walker, G. Wallace, R. Wallbutton, J. Wallen, K. Wallendszus, A. Waller, R. Waller, G. Wallis, L. Wallis, M. Wallis, E. Walmsley, D. Walsh, E. Walsh, L. Walsh, D. Walstow, D. Walter, A. Walters, H. Walters, J. Walters, E. Walton, L. Walton, M. Walton, O. Walton, S. Walton, M. Wan, J. Wanda, M. Wands, R. Wane, F. Wang, N. Wang, R. Wang, S. Wang, D. Warbrick, S. Warburton, C. Ward, D. Ward, E. Ward, H. Ward, J. Ward, L. Ward, N. Ward, R. Ward, T. Ward, S.A. Warden, G. Wardere, S. Wardle, H. Wardy, G. Waring, S. Waring, J. Warmington, B. Warner, C. Warner, L. Warnock, S. Warran, J. Warren, L. Warren, R. Warren, Y. Warren, D. Warrender, H. Warren-Miell, A. Warris, G. Warwick, H. Wassall, S. Wasserman, E. Wasson, H.J. Watchorn, H. Waterfall, A. Waters, D. Waters, M. Waterstone, A. Watkin, C. Watkins, E. Watkins, K. Watkins, L. Watkins, A. Watson, A.J.R. Watson, E. Watson, F. Watson, J.G.R. Watson, L. Watson, P. Watson, R. Watson, K. Watson, M. Watters, D. Watterson, K. Wattimena, D. Watts, J. Watts, M. Watts, V. Waugh, E. Wayman, M. Wayman, A. Wazir, M. Weatherhead, N. Weatherly, C. Webb, H. Webb, K. Webb, S. Webb, C. Websdale, D. Webster, I. Webster, J. Webster, T. Webster, J. Wedlin, L. Wee, R. Weerakoon, T. Weerasinghe, J. Weeratunga, M. Weetman, S. Wei, I. Weichert, E. Welch, H. Welch, J. Welch, L. Welch, S. Welch, B. Welham, S. Weller, L. Wellings, B. Wells, S. Wellstead, B. Welsh, R. Welsh, I. Welters, R. Welton, V. Wenn, L. Wentworth, J. Wesonga, K. Wesseldine, J. West, M. West, R. West, S. West, L. Western, R. Westhead, H. Weston, A. Westwood, K. Westwood, S. Westwood, B. Wetherill, S. Wheaver, H. Wheeler, B. Whelan, M. Whelband, A. Whileman, A. Whitcher, A. White, B. White, C. White, D. White, J. White, K. White, M. White, N. White, S. White, T. White, C. Whitehead, K. Whitehorn, A. Whitehouse, C. Whitehouse, T. Whitehouse, J. Whiteley, L. Whiteley, S. Whiteley, R. Whitham, G. Whitlingum, D. Whitmore, E. Whittaker, L. Whittam, A. Whittington, H. Whittle, R. Whittle, E. Wiafe, L. Wiblin, O. Wickens, J. Widdrington, J. Wieboldt, H. Wieringa, C. Wiesender, L. Wiffen, A. Wight, A. Wignall, C. Wignall, A. Wilce, D. Wilcock, E. Wilcock, L. Wilcox, B. Wild, L. Wild, S. Wild, M. Wilde, L. Wilding, P. Wilding, T. Wildsmith, J. Wileman, J. Wiles, K. Wiles, E. Wilhelmsen, T. Wiliams, J. Wilkie, D. Wilkin, H. Wilkins, J. Wilkins, S. Wilkins, I. Wilkinson, L. Wilkinson, N. Wilkinson, S. Wilkinson, T. Wilkinson, S. Willetts, A. Williams, C. Williams, C.V. Williams, D. Williams, E. Williams, G. Williams, H. Williams, J. Williams, K. Williams, M. Williams, P. Williams, R. Williams, S. Williams, T. Williams, A. Williamson, C. Williamson, D. Williamson, J. Williamson, J.D. Williamson, R. Williamson, H. Williamson, E. Willis, H. Willis, J. Willis, L. Wills, L. Willsher, C. Willshire, F. Willson, J. Willson, A. Wilson, B. Wilson, D. Wilson, I. Wilson, J. Wilson, K. Wilson, K.-A. Wilson, L. Wilson, M. Wilson, S. Wilson, T. Wilson, K.L.Y. Win, M. Win, T. Win, T.T. Win, W.Y.W. Win, L. Winckworth, L. Winder, P. Winder, S. Winearl, H. Winmill, S. Winn, C. Winpenny, H. Winslow, H. Winter, J. Winter, B. Winter-Goodwin, J. Winterton, H. Winwood, J. Wischhusen, S. Wisdom, M. Wise, M. Wiselka, R. Wiseman, S. Wiseman, S. Wishart, T. WIshlade, E. Witele, N. Withers, J. Wittes, D. Wixted, T. Wodehouse, W. Wolf, N. Wolff, K. Wolffsohn, R. Wolf-Roberts, E. Wolodimeroff, A. Wolstencroft, A. Wong, C. Wong, C.-H. Wong, C.-M. Wong, E. Wong, J.S.Y. Wong, K.Y. Wong, M.Y. Wong, N. Wong, S. Wong, T. Wong, A.A. Wongkyezeng, A. Wood, C. Wood, D. Wood, F. Wood, G. Wood, H. Wood, J. Wood, L. Wood, M. Wood, S. Wood, T. Wood, K. Woodall, R. Woodfield, C. Woodford, E. Woodford, J. Woodford, L. Woodhead, T. Woodhead, P. Woodland, M. Woodman, S. Woodmansey, C. Woods, J. Woods, K. Woods, S. Woods, Z. Woodward, M. Woolcock, G. Wooldridge, R. Woolf, C. Woollard, L. Woollen, E. Woolley, J. Woolley, D. Woosey, D. Wootton, J. Wootton, D. Worley, S. Worton, J. Wraight, M. Wray, K. Wren, L. Wren, C. Wrey Brown, C. Wright, D. Wright, F. Wright, H. Wright, I. Wright, L. Wright, R. Wright, S. Wright, T. Wright, C. Wroe, H. Wroe, H. Wu, P. Wu, J. Wubetu, F. Wulandari, R. Wulandari, S. Wurie, C. Wyatt, F. Wyn-Griffiths, I. Wynter, B. Xavier, A. Xhikola, B.E. Xia, Z. Xia, E. Yacoba, S. Yadav, M. Yakubi, M. Yan, Y. Yanagisawa, F. Yang, Y. Yang, M. Yanney, W.L. Yap, N. Yaqoob, S. Yasmin, B. Yates, D. Yates, E. Yates, H. Yates, T. Yates, M. Yates, J. Ye, C. Yearwood Martin, K. Yein, F. Yelnoorkar, L. Yen, L.M. Yen, A. Yeoh, C.Y. Yeung, P. Yew, D. Yewatkar, L. Ylquimiche Melly, I. Ynter, H. Yong, J. Yorke, J. Youens, A. Younes Ibrahim, E. Young, G. Young, L. Young, A. Yousafzar, S. Youssouf, A. Yousuf, H. Yovita, C. Yu, J.S.J. Yuan, N. Yufaniaputri, B. Yung, D. Yusef, S. Yusef, I. Yusuf, A.-S. Zafar, S. Zagalo, S. Zaher, A. Zahoor, M. Zainab, T. Zak, K. Zaki, N. Zakir, K. Zalewska, A. Zamalloa, M. Zaman, S. Zaman, J. Zamikula, L. Zammit, M. Zammit-Mangion, M. Zawadzka, M. Zayed, E. Zebracki, D. Zehnder, L. Zeidan, D. Zeinali, J. Zhang, X. Zhao, D. Zheng, D. Zhu, M. Zia, O. Zibdeh, R. Zill-E-Huma, E.T. Zin, E. Zincone, G. Zindoga, E. Zinkin, V. Zinyemba, C. Zipitis, L. Zitter, A. Zmierczak, G. Zubikarai, A. Zubir, N. Zuhra, R. Zulaikha, S. Zulfikar, C. Zullo, and A. Zuriaga-Alvaro
Subjects: COVID-19, Corticosteroid, Dexamethasone, Mortality, Clinical trial, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Summary: Background: Low dose corticosteroids (e.g., 6 mg dexamethasone) have been shown to reduce mortality for hypoxic COVID-19 patients. We have previously reported that higher dose corticosteroids cause harm in patients with clinical hypoxia but not receiving ventilatory support (the combination of non-invasive mechanical ventilation, including high-flow nasal oxygen, continuous positive airway pressure and bilevel positive airway pressure ventilation, and invasive mechanical ventilation or extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation), but the balance of efficacy and safety in patients receiving ventilatory support is uncertain. Methods: This randomised, controlled, open-label platform trial (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy [RECOVERY]) assessed multiple possible treatments in patients hospitalised for COVID-19. Eligible and consenting adult patients receiving ventilatory support were randomly allocated (1:1) to either usual care with higher dose corticosteroids (dexamethasone 20 mg once daily for 5 days followed by 10 mg once daily for 5 days or until discharge if sooner) or usual standard of care alone (which includes dexamethasone 6 mg once daily for 10 days or until discharge if sooner). The primary outcome was 28-day mortality; secondary outcomes were duration of hospitalisation and (among participants not on invasive mechanical ventilation at baseline) the composite of invasive mechanical ventilation or death. Recruitment closed on 31 March 2024 when funding for the trial ended. The RECOVERY trial is registered with ISRCTN (50189673) and clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04381936). Findings: Between 25 May 2021 and 9 January 2024, 477 COVID-19 patients receiving ventilatory support were randomly allocated to receive usual care plus higher dose corticosteroids vs. usual care alone (of whom 99% received corticosteroids during the follow-up period). Of those randomised, 221 (46%) were in Asia, 245 (51%) in the UK and 11 (2%) in Africa. 143 (30%) had diabetes mellitus. Overall, 86 (35%) of 246 patients allocated to higher dose corticosteroids vs. 86 (37%) of 231 patients allocated to usual care died within 28 days (rate ratio [RR] 0.87; 95% CI 0.64–1.18; p = 0.37). There was no significant difference in the proportion of patients discharged from hospital alive within 28 days (128 [52%] in the higher dose corticosteroids group vs. 120 [52%] in the usual care group; RR 1.04, 0.81–1.33]; p = 0.78). Among those not on invasive mechanical ventilation at baseline, there was no clear reduction in the proportion meeting the composite endpoint of invasive mechanical ventilation or death (76 [37%] of 206 vs. 93 [45%] of 205; RR 0.79 [95% CI 0.63–1.00]; p = 0.05). Interpretation: In patients hospitalised for COVID-19 receiving ventilatory support, we found no evidence that higher dose corticosteroids reduced the risk of death compared to usual care, which included low dose corticosteroids. Funding: UK Research and Innovation (Medical Research Council) and National Institute for Health Research (Grant ref: MC_PC_19056), and Wellcome Trust (Grant Ref: 222406/Z/20/Z).
Published: 2025
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41. Strategic business movements? The migration of online romance fraudsters from Nigeria to Ghana

Author: Suleman Lazarus, Mark Button, Kaina Habila Garba, Adebayo Benedict Soares, and Mariata Hughes
Subjects: Online romance fraud, Sakawa boys, Yahoo boys, Institutionalisation of scams, Migration of cybercriminals, West Africa, Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology, HV1-9960
Abstract: This study used an emic approach to examine the dynamics of online romance fraud, focusing on the migration of offenders from Nigeria to Ghana. We collected data through qualitative methods, such as semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions. Ghanaian police officers and Nigerian law enforcement officers were consulted for their perspectives. Thematic analysis revealed key findings, including the migration patterns of Nigerian offenders to Ghana and the institutionalisation of scamming enterprises. These findings shed light on the transnational and structural factors driving online romance fraud in West Africa, highlighting both its global reach and the local mechanisms sustaining these criminal networks. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of regional and international cybercrime dynamics, offering valuable insights to inform policy and law enforcement strategies.
Published: 2025
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42. Transient unilateral brachial plexus block following landmark-guided superficial cervical plexus block: A case report

Author: Isabel Besozzi, Andrea Goldmann, Daniel Button, Stefanie Senn, and Caveh Madjdpour
Subjects: Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: We report a case of a 61-year-old male patient with impaired function of the contralateral brachial plexus after right parathyroidectomy. The symptoms appeared directly after emerging from general anaesthesia and disappeared completely within 24 h after surgery. The follow-up check after 6 weeks was unremarkable. The patient suffered from asthma, osteoporotic degenerative changes of the spine and a chronic impingement of the left shoulder. He showed no signs of pain or limitations while reclining his neck during pre-operative airway assessment. Before surgery, a bilateral superficial cervical plexus block was performed by the surgeon using the landmark technique. We discuss the positioning of the neck and cervical spine in preparation for surgery and pre-operative superficial cervical plexus block as possible causes for the impaired function of the brachial plexus observed in this patient. We conclude that the latter was the most likely cause in this patient and recommend considering ultrasound guidance for the performance of superficial cervical plexus block.
Published: 2025
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43. Malnutrition risk, weight loss, and subsequent survival in patients listed for heart transplantation

Author: Tae Kyung Yoo, MD, MS, Satoshi Miyashita, MD, Ariella Stein, MSCIS-HI, Michael Wu, BS, MPH, Lauren Parsly Read-Button, MPH, RD, LDN, Masashi Kawabori, MD, Greg S. Couper, MD, Edward Saltzman, MD, and Amanda R. Vest, MBBS, MPH
Subjects: heart transplant, heart failure, malnutrition, mortality, weight loss, Surgery, RD1-811, Specialties of internal medicine, RC581-951
Abstract: Background: Higher malnutrition risk is associated with mortality among patients with heart failure and heart transplantation (HT). We investigated which malnutrition risk scores – geriatric nutrition risk index (GNRI), prognostic nutritional index (PNI), or controlling nutritional status (CONUT) – have the strongest mortality association for HT candidates, and whether they are prognostic at the time of HT listing or HT operation. Methods: We reviewed adults listed for primary HT at a single center 1987–March 2022, with survival follow-up to November 2022. We constructed Cox proportional hazards models and restricted cubic spline curves for each risk score at both HT listing and HT operation and inputted HT operation as a time-varying covariate for models commencing at listing. Risk scores were assessed as continuous and binary variables. Weight change between listing and HT was evaluated similarly. Results: The 1,024 patients [76% male; median age 55 (46–61) years; HT operation n = 656] had median follow-up of 4.6 (interquartile range 1.6–8.7) years. As a continuous variable, lower GNRI at HT listing (greater malnutrition risk) was independently associated with higher mortality. As binary variables, higher risk GNRI, PNI or CONUT scores at listing were all associated with higher mortality. Conversely, risk scores at time of HT operation were not associated with subsequent mortality. There was a non-significant trend towards higher mortality with greater weight loss between listing and HT operation. Conclusion: Malnutrition risk scores showed prognostic utility only at time of HT listing. As a continuous variable, GNRI at HT listing was independently associated with subsequent mortality.
Published: 2025
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44. Clinical Characteristics of Virologically Confirmed Respiratory Syncytial Virus in English Primary Care: Protocol for an Observational Study of Acute Respiratory Infection

Author: Uy Hoang, Utkarsh Agrawal, José Manuel Ordóñez-Mena, Zachary Marcum, Jennifer Radin, Andre Araujo, Catherine A Panozzo, Orsolya Balogh, Mihir Desai, Ahreej Eltayeb, Tianyi Lu, Catia Nicodemo, Xinchun Gu, Rosalind Goudie, Xuejuan Fan, Elizabeth Button, Jessica Smylie, Mark Joy, Gavin Jamie, William Elson, Rachel Byford, Joan Madia, Sneha Anand, Filipa Ferreira, Stavros Petrou, David Martin, and Simon de Lusignan
Subjects: Medicine, Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, R858-859.7
Abstract: BackgroundThere are gaps in our understanding of the clinical characteristics and disease burden of the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) among community-dwelling adults. This is in part due to a lack of routine testing at the point of care. More data would enhance our assessment of the need for an RSV vaccination program for adults in the United Kingdom. ObjectiveThis study aimed to implement point-of-care-testing (POCT) in primary care to describe the incidence, clinical presentation, risk factors, and economic burden of RSV among adults presenting with acute respiratory infection. MethodsWe are recruiting up to 3600 patients from at least 21 practices across England to participate in the Royal College of General Practitioners Research Surveillance Centre. Practices are selected if they undertake reference virology sampling for the Royal College of General Practitioners Research Surveillance Centre and had previous experience with respiratory illness studies. Any adult, ≥40 years old, presenting with acute respiratory infection with onset ≤10 days, but without RSV within the past 28 days, will be eligible to participate. We will estimate the incidence proportion of RSV, describe the clinical features, and risk factors of patients with RSV infection, and measure the economic burden of RSV infection. ResultsA total of 25 practices across different English health administrative regions expressed interest and were recruited to participate. We have created and tested an educational program to deploy POCT for RSV in primary care. In addition to using the POCT device, we provide suggestions about how to integrate POCT into primary care workflow and templates for high-quality data recording of diagnosis, symptoms, and signs. In the 2023-2024 winter RSV detection in the sentinel network grew between October and late November. According to data from the UK Health Security Agency, the peak RSV swab positivity was in International Standards Organization week 48, 2023. Data collection remains ongoing, and results from the subset of practices participating in this study are not yet available. ConclusionsThis study will provide data on the RSV incidence in the community as well as rapid information to inform sentinel surveillance and vaccination programs. This information could potentially improve clinical decision-making. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)DERR1-10.2196/60669
Published: 2025
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45. The effects of sex and load on quantifying the bilateral force deficit during an upper body Wingate test

Author: Angie K. Antolinez, Philip F. Edwards, Michael W. R. Holmes, and Duane C. Button
Subjects: bilateral deficit, cycling, fatigue, upper body, velocity, Sports, GV557-1198.995
Abstract: IntroductionThe bilateral deficit (BLD) is a reduction in the amount of force during a bilateral task vs. the total force from the unilateral limbs performing the same task. We quantified the BLD during an upper body Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT) and evaluated the influence of sex and load on the BLD in force.MethodsEighteen participants performed maximum handgrip strength, voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC), and three 30s WAnTs. In each session they completed the tasks with the dominant-arm, non-dominant arm and with both arms, randomly. WAnT intensities were 3, 4, and 5% body weight (BW). Instantaneous force data was used to calculate the BLD.ResultsMales showed greater (p
Published: 2025
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46. Transforming Barriers into Opportunities: Teaching Environment and Sustainability Service-Learning Courses during the 2020 COVID-19 Pandemic

Author: Button, Charles E., Ghezzi, Sara E., Godfrey, Phoebe, Huminski, Suzanne E., Minor, Jesse, and Silka, Linda
Abstract: In response to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, many institutions of higher learning locked down their campuses and altered their ways of teaching. This article discusses changes made to courses at five highly varied public universities in New England participating in the multiyear Campuses for Environmental Stewardship (CES) program. The primary aim of the CES program is to integrate environmental service-learning (SL) into college curricula through workshops, faculty fellowships, and mentoring. We detail how teaching strategies were altered in fall 2020 to accommodate the threat of COVID-19 in the classroom. The authors transitioned significant portions of their instruction to online formats or outdoor classrooms. Specifics about the impacts of the shift to virtual teaching--learning are discussed, with particular focus on the impacts to the service-learning components of each of the courses.
Published: 2022

47. GPT-4 Technical Report

Author: OpenAI, Achiam, Josh, Adler, Steven, Agarwal, Sandhini, Ahmad, Lama, Akkaya, Ilge, Aleman, Florencia Leoni, Almeida, Diogo, Altenschmidt, Janko, Altman, Sam, Anadkat, Shyamal, Avila, Red, Babuschkin, Igor, Balaji, Suchir, Balcom, Valerie, Baltescu, Paul, Bao, Haiming, Bavarian, Mohammad, Belgum, Jeff, Bello, Irwan, Berdine, Jake, Bernadett-Shapiro, Gabriel, Berner, Christopher, Bogdonoff, Lenny, Boiko, Oleg, Boyd, Madelaine, Brakman, Anna-Luisa, Brockman, Greg, Brooks, Tim, Brundage, Miles, Button, Kevin, Cai, Trevor, Campbell, Rosie, Cann, Andrew, Carey, Brittany, Carlson, Chelsea, Carmichael, Rory, Chan, Brooke, Chang, Che, Chantzis, Fotis, Chen, Derek, Chen, Sully, Chen, Ruby, Chen, Jason, Chen, Mark, Chess, Ben, Cho, Chester, Chu, Casey, Chung, Hyung Won, Cummings, Dave, Currier, Jeremiah, Dai, Yunxing, Decareaux, Cory, Degry, Thomas, Deutsch, Noah, Deville, Damien, Dhar, Arka, Dohan, David, Dowling, Steve, Dunning, Sheila, Ecoffet, Adrien, Eleti, Atty, Eloundou, Tyna, Farhi, David, Fedus, Liam, Felix, Niko, Fishman, Simón Posada, Forte, Juston, Fulford, Isabella, Gao, Leo, Georges, Elie, Gibson, Christian, Goel, Vik, Gogineni, Tarun, Goh, Gabriel, Gontijo-Lopes, Rapha, Gordon, Jonathan, Grafstein, Morgan, Gray, Scott, Greene, Ryan, Gross, Joshua, Gu, Shixiang Shane, Guo, Yufei, Hallacy, Chris, Han, Jesse, Harris, Jeff, He, Yuchen, Heaton, Mike, Heidecke, Johannes, Hesse, Chris, Hickey, Alan, Hickey, Wade, Hoeschele, Peter, Houghton, Brandon, Hsu, Kenny, Hu, Shengli, Hu, Xin, Huizinga, Joost, Jain, Shantanu, Jain, Shawn, Jang, Joanne, Jiang, Angela, Jiang, Roger, Jin, Haozhun, Jin, Denny, Jomoto, Shino, Jonn, Billie, Jun, Heewoo, Kaftan, Tomer, Kaiser, Łukasz, Kamali, Ali, Kanitscheider, Ingmar, Keskar, Nitish Shirish, Khan, Tabarak, Kilpatrick, Logan, Kim, Jong Wook, Kim, Christina, Kim, Yongjik, Kirchner, Jan Hendrik, Kiros, Jamie, Knight, Matt, Kokotajlo, Daniel, Kondraciuk, Łukasz, Kondrich, Andrew, Konstantinidis, Aris, Kosic, Kyle, Krueger, Gretchen, Kuo, Vishal, Lampe, Michael, Lan, Ikai, Lee, Teddy, Leike, Jan, Leung, Jade, Levy, Daniel, Li, Chak Ming, Lim, Rachel, Lin, Molly, Lin, Stephanie, Litwin, Mateusz, Lopez, Theresa, Lowe, Ryan, Lue, Patricia, Makanju, Anna, Malfacini, Kim, Manning, Sam, Markov, Todor, Markovski, Yaniv, Martin, Bianca, Mayer, Katie, Mayne, Andrew, McGrew, Bob, McKinney, Scott Mayer, McLeavey, Christine, McMillan, Paul, McNeil, Jake, Medina, David, Mehta, Aalok, Menick, Jacob, Metz, Luke, Mishchenko, Andrey, Mishkin, Pamela, Monaco, Vinnie, Morikawa, Evan, Mossing, Daniel, Mu, Tong, Murati, Mira, Murk, Oleg, Mély, David, Nair, Ashvin, Nakano, Reiichiro, Nayak, Rajeev, Neelakantan, Arvind, Ngo, Richard, Noh, Hyeonwoo, Ouyang, Long, O'Keefe, Cullen, Pachocki, Jakub, Paino, Alex, Palermo, Joe, Pantuliano, Ashley, Parascandolo, Giambattista, Parish, Joel, Parparita, Emy, Passos, Alex, Pavlov, Mikhail, Peng, Andrew, Perelman, Adam, Peres, Filipe de Avila Belbute, Petrov, Michael, Pinto, Henrique Ponde de Oliveira, Michael, Pokorny, Pokrass, Michelle, Pong, Vitchyr H., Powell, Tolly, Power, Alethea, Power, Boris, Proehl, Elizabeth, Puri, Raul, Radford, Alec, Rae, Jack, Ramesh, Aditya, Raymond, Cameron, Real, Francis, Rimbach, Kendra, Ross, Carl, Rotsted, Bob, Roussez, Henri, Ryder, Nick, Saltarelli, Mario, Sanders, Ted, Santurkar, Shibani, Sastry, Girish, Schmidt, Heather, Schnurr, David, Schulman, John, Selsam, Daniel, Sheppard, Kyla, Sherbakov, Toki, Shieh, Jessica, Shoker, Sarah, Shyam, Pranav, Sidor, Szymon, Sigler, Eric, Simens, Maddie, Sitkin, Jordan, Slama, Katarina, Sohl, Ian, Sokolowsky, Benjamin, Song, Yang, Staudacher, Natalie, Such, Felipe Petroski, Summers, Natalie, Sutskever, Ilya, Tang, Jie, Tezak, Nikolas, Thompson, Madeleine B., Tillet, Phil, Tootoonchian, Amin, Tseng, Elizabeth, Tuggle, Preston, Turley, Nick, Tworek, Jerry, Uribe, Juan Felipe Cerón, Vallone, Andrea, Vijayvergiya, Arun, Voss, Chelsea, Wainwright, Carroll, Wang, Justin Jay, Wang, Alvin, Wang, Ben, Ward, Jonathan, Wei, Jason, Weinmann, CJ, Welihinda, Akila, Welinder, Peter, Weng, Jiayi, Weng, Lilian, Wiethoff, Matt, Willner, Dave, Winter, Clemens, Wolrich, Samuel, Wong, Hannah, Workman, Lauren, Wu, Sherwin, Wu, Jeff, Wu, Michael, Xiao, Kai, Xu, Tao, Yoo, Sarah, Yu, Kevin, Yuan, Qiming, Zaremba, Wojciech, Zellers, Rowan, Zhang, Chong, Zhang, Marvin, Zhao, Shengjia, Zheng, Tianhao, Zhuang, Juntang, Zhuk, William, and Zoph, Barret
Subjects: Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Abstract: We report the development of GPT-4, a large-scale, multimodal model which can accept image and text inputs and produce text outputs. While less capable than humans in many real-world scenarios, GPT-4 exhibits human-level performance on various professional and academic benchmarks, including passing a simulated bar exam with a score around the top 10% of test takers. GPT-4 is a Transformer-based model pre-trained to predict the next token in a document. The post-training alignment process results in improved performance on measures of factuality and adherence to desired behavior. A core component of this project was developing infrastructure and optimization methods that behave predictably across a wide range of scales. This allowed us to accurately predict some aspects of GPT-4's performance based on models trained with no more than 1/1,000th the compute of GPT-4., Comment: 100 pages; updated authors list; fixed author names and added citation
Published: 2023

48. Precision modulation of dysbiotic adult microbiomes with a human-milk-derived synbiotic reshapes gut microbial composition and metabolites

Author: Button, Julie E, Cosetta, Casey M, Reens, Abigail L, Brooker, Sarah L, Rowan-Nash, Aislinn D, Lavin, Richard C, Saur, Russell, Zheng, Shuning, Autran, Chloe A, Lee, Martin L, Sun, Adam K, Alousi, Amin M, Peterson, Christine B, Koh, Andrew Y, Rechtman, David J, Jenq, Robert R, and McKenzie, Gregory J
Subjects: Microbiology, Biological Sciences, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Pediatric, Nutrition, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Milk, Human, Humans, Veillonella, Lactic Acid, Adult, Infant, Synbiotics, Microbiota, Dysbiosis, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, B. infantis, Bifidobacterium, HMO, LBP, gut engraftment, gut microbiome, gut microbiota, human milk oligosaccharides, live biotherapeutic product, microbiome modulation, propionate, Medical Microbiology, Immunology, Biochemistry and cell biology, Medical microbiology
Abstract: Manipulation of the gut microbiome using live biotherapeutic products shows promise for clinical applications but remains challenging to achieve. Here, we induced dysbiosis in 56 healthy volunteers using antibiotics to test a synbiotic comprising the infant gut microbe, Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis (B. infantis), and human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). B. infantis engrafted in 76% of subjects in an HMO-dependent manner, reaching a relative abundance of up to 81%. Changes in microbiome composition and gut metabolites reflect altered recovery of engrafted subjects compared with controls. Engraftment associates with increases in lactate-consuming Veillonella, faster acetate recovery, and changes in indolelactate and p-cresol sulfate, metabolites that impact host inflammatory status. Furthermore, Veillonella co-cultured in vitro and in vivo with B. infantis and HMO converts lactate produced by B. infantis to propionate, an important mediator of host physiology. These results suggest that the synbiotic reproducibly and predictably modulates recovery of a dysbiotic microbiome.
Published: 2023

49. Estimates of the number of undescribed species should account for sampling effort

Author: Button, Sky and Borzée, Amaël
Published: 2024
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50. Investigation of select radionuclides stability in urine under various conditions for liquid scintillation counting (LSC)

Author: Piraner, Olga, Button, Jonathan, Ward, Cynthia D., and Valentin-Blasini, Liza
Published: 2024
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