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Research aim: Participation in reviving the Islamic heritage on Fundamentals of Jurisprudence by investigating a valuable manuscript, and presenting it to the respected reader. Research methodology: The investigation relied on two manuscripts by comparing between them, based on the text chosen for the primary copy, and relying on the other copy for the text understanding and correction, so that the text will be correctly produced as intended by its author, although with the mention of the difference between the two copies in the footnote. Research findings: The authenticity of the book’s ascription to its author, and his wide knowledge of the literature of his Ḥanafī co-scholars, and his accuracy in what he transmits from them, although with critique and rejoinder in some places. Recommendations: Giving attention to the investigation of manuscripts of Islamic heritage, most especially those authored on a particular field or a particular issue, because it contains scholarly focus and explanations that may not be easily found in the books that are comprehensive on all issues and chapters.

Patients with neurological symptoms should be enquired about recent vaccination history. It is important after the COVID‐19 mRNA vaccine, which is newly introduced as it might link to the development of a wider variety of neurological diseases.

We report a 60-year-old lady known to have a stable MS disease. Who presented with right-hand weakness on the same day of COVID 19 vaccine administration. MRI showed a relapse, and she was treated with steroids with improvement in her symptoms. neurological side effects can occur following COVID 19 vaccines

COVID-19 Virus has affected the world in many ways, resulting in several challenges. COVID 19 vaccines were introduced recently, with a variable degree of immunogenicity and safety. We report a 61-year-old man who had GBS a few days after Receiving The vaccine, his condition improved after 5 days of IVIG

This is a report of a very rare case of marginal zone lymphoma in a 15-years old male with Ataxia Telangiectasia. Besides being a rare diagnosis within the pediatric age group, this case exhibited a true challenge not only from diagnostic point of view but also regarding management plans. Marginal zone lymphoma is an indolent disease in which transformation is extremely rare particularly the pediatric subtype. However, there isn't enough data regarding marginal zone lymphoma in a sitting of immunodeficiency conditions had been published so far. The case described here showed some features pointing to more aggressive disease with massive bone marrow involvement and areas of focal transformation unlike the subtle pattern of infiltration that is usually seen in cases of marginal zone lymphoma. Another interesting finding in our case is the presence of a clone of CD4/CD8 double positive T-cells of moderate size (12%) with restricted expansion of Vb1 region. The significance of this clone is uncertain as it could be a transient reactive clone or a pre-malignant one. Keywords: Ataxia telangiectasia, Marginal zone lymphoma, Low grade lymphoma

Background Neurolymphomatosis is rare. Neoplastic lymphocytes are seen to invade nerves (cranial or peripheral), nerve roots or other related structures in patients with hematological malignancy. It is a separate entity from central nervous system lymphoma. Neurolymphomatosis has most commonly been described in association with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Neurolymphomatosis in the context of Burkitt lymphoma and the post-renal transplant setting has not been described before. Case reports We report for the first time in the Arabian Gulf countries and nearby Arab states four cases of neurolymphomatosis (one Asian, and the other 3 are from Arabic nationals) occurring between 2012 and 2017 involving the median nerve, optic nerve, nerve root and cauda equina in patients with Burkitt lymphoma, Philadelphia chromosome-positive B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Conclusions Neurolymphomatosis is rare and can be difficult to diagnose by biopsy but reliably confirmed by a combined imaging approach. Prior treatment with high-dose dexamethasone might suppress 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) activity and decrease the sensitivity of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). The prognosis is generally poor but using high-dose methotrexate as well as high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation may be an effective way to treat neurolymphomatosis.

Introduction: YouTube is a popular website where public can access and gain information from videos related to COVID-19. This paper seeks to assess the quality and validity of information available on YouTube, based on the current Center for Disease Control (CDC) and World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Methods: We identified the 250 most-viewed videos from 1 January 2020 to 12 May 2020 on YouTube using keyword ‘COVID 19’. Two independent reviewers analyzed the English-language videos as useful, misleading, or news updates. Result: After excluding non-English and irrelevant videos, 100 videos were analyzed. Forty-four videos were classified as useful, 33 videos were classified as news updates, and 23 videos were classified as misleading. Independent users had five times increased odds of posting misleading videos (40% vs. 12%, OR = 5.05, 95% CI = 1.84–13.9, P = 0.001), whereas news agencies have 2.8 greater odds of posting useful or update videos (87% vs 44%, OR = 2.85, 95% CI = 0.959–8.45, P = 0.087). Conclusion: YouTube is an increasingly important source of medical information during the COVID-19 pandemic. Most of the videos were useful, however due to the public nature of the platform, misleading information may also be easily disseminated. Independent users are more likely to post-misleading videos.

Chalcones and their derivatives are becoming increasingly popular due to their various pharmacological effects. Chalcone molecules may be extracted from natural resources, entirely synthesised, or biosynthesised by modifying the natural ones. In the present study, five pyrazole-based adamantyl heterocyclic compounds were synthesised by condensation of 1-adamantyl chalcone with substituted phenylhydrazine. The products were characterised by using ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy. The microbiological activity of these compounds was investigated against bacteria and fungi. The new compounds showed good to moderate activity against the microbial species used for screening. All developed molecules showed antibacterial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive. These molecules showed antifungal activities against Fusarium oxysporum fungus and in a dose-dependent manner, apart from RS-1 molecules which showed compromised antifungal activity and even at a high dose.

To evaluate the occlusal bite force (OBF) changes 6 months after placement of preformed metal crowns PMCs on primary molars in children. Twenty-two subjects (aged 5.08 ± 0.92 years) participated and completed OBF records. Each patient received eight PMCs on their primary molars. OBF was recorded using a battery-operated portable type of OBF gauge at different time intervals: before placement, 1 week-, 1 month-, 2 months-, 3 months-, and 6 months after PMCs placement (T0–T5). A second group consisted of 22 caries-free children matched for age and gender were selected as a control sample and received no dental treatment. OBF was recorded in these subjects at T0 and T5 (6 months after). OBF was reduced the first week after placement of PMCs. However, the OBF was restored and reached its original value at T4. At the 6-month recall visit (T5), maximum occlusal bite force (MOBF) was 148% and 136% of pre-treatment value on right and left sides, respectively. The mean MOBF difference between T5 and T0 was statistically significant (70.83N and 54.67N on the right and left sides respectively, p

Price policy is considered one of the important policies carried out by the state in order to increase and improve the agricultural production from one hand and provide food for all individuals of the community in encouraging prices for the producers and suitable for the consumers with low income from the other hand. It also contributes in providing the necessary capital for the economic development operation,The research aims at recognizing the range of the agricultural price policy effect of the strategic agricultural crops in expanding and deflating their local production in order to take benefit from the value of the economic variables and their effective ranges in designing the agricultural price policy suitable for the Iraqi agriculture,We have chosen a number of agricultural crops whose prices have a great importance for they are considered of the important strategic crops in achieving food security of the country. Those crops have been represented by wheat, barley and rice. The study has depended on the concepts of the economic theory and the previous studies in determining the variable effective on the agricultural production model for the abovementioned crops that involve a number of independent variables. We have used data obtained from those variables for a period (24) years for analysis. In order to get best results, we have applied a standard model with different formulas (double linear and logarithmic and the semi logarithmic). In order to collect data, the research depends on several resources.

To identify differentially abundant miRNAs in sperm samples and spent culture media (SCM) of embryos of different grade toward a prediction of pregnancy outcome.Array-based reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction profiling and validation.University research institute and in vitro fertilization center.Couples (n = 61) undergoing infertility treatment with the use of intracytoplasmic sperm injection.None.Abundance levels of miRNAs in combined SCM of embryos of different quality and in sperm samples associated with pregnancy outcome.Out of 372 screened miRNAs, miR-19b-3p and let-7a-5p were detected consistently in all SCM and sperm samples. The abundance levels of miRNAs were significantly altered between SCM of embryos with different quality (G1, G2, and G3 grades). Specifically, miR-320a and miR-15a-5p were differentially abundant in G1 vs. G2, miR-21-5p in G1 vs. G3, and miR-20a-5p in G2 vs. G3. The abundance levels of combined SCM and sperm derived miRNAs were also significantly altered between different pregnancy outcomes. MiR-19b-3p showed the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values between positive and negative outcomes, with lower abundance levels in both combined SCM and sperm samples associated with a positive pregnancy outcome. MiR-320a, miR-15a-5p, miR-21-5p, and miR-20a-5p showed similar results in combined SCM samples.miRNA abundance levels in combined SCM and sperm differed significantly depending on embryo quality and pregnancy outcome. MiR-19b-3p may serve as a potential biomarker to predict pregnancy outcome.

The city of Dubai has experienced a rapid urban growth in the last 60 years. Located in the north west of the United Arab Emirates, Dubai has a linear development expanding mainly towards the coast. However recently this expansion is going towards the desert. Mapping such development creates a history that is relevant to many research entities. WUDAPT is a network that facilitates city mapping. With open source tools it is possible to create Local Climate Zones (LCZ). This zones have similar properties. Therefore, in the end of the process it would be possible to see the most dense urban areas of the city where the UHI phenomena is higher. The process of mapping involves, Google Earth Pro, high definition satellite images and the CFD software, ENVI-met. The first two tools detect the LCZ and create the general map of the city. Then this map is compared with the validated models of ENVI-met. This comparison shows the connection of the UHI between one approach and the other. The site data taken from an open-source are used as a boundary condition in the simulations. The climate of Dubai is hot arid, with high temperatures in the summer and cool winters. The spring and autumn are short periods of 2-4 weeks. The aim of this study is to detect problematic areas in the city in terms of surface/air temperature, high levels of UHI. This detection helps understanding where should be intervened in order to have more walkable districts.

Aim: Based on knowledge from traditional Greco-Arab herbal medicine, this in vitro study aims to evaluate the cytotoxicity and the anti-inflammatory mechanism of Peganum harmala (P. harmala ) seeds by measuring the expression and release of both anti-inflammatory (IL-10) and proinflammatory (IL-1, IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-α) cytokines in human THP-1-derived macrophages. Methodology: Cells were treated with 1 μg lipopolyssacharide/ml (LPS) in the absence and presence of increasing concentrations of extracts from the P. harmala seeds (PHS-extract). During the entire experimental period, we used extract concentrations (up to 250 μg/ml) that had no cytotoxic effects as measured with MTT and LDH assays. The anti-inflammatory effects were assessed by measuring the levels of secretory proteins and mRNA of IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α in LPS-activated (1 μg/ml) human THP-1-derived macrophages.

The research aims to assess and analyze the factors affecting the production and grain yields in Iraq during the period (1985-2008). I have used in the analysis method of least squares two-stage and has adopted the productivity of these grains selected as variable supported and the factors affecting them are: (per hectare of agricultural work, mechanical technology, chemical technology, Nominal Protection Coefficient, the domestic price for the year previous climatic variables, agricultural education, the proportion of spending on research and development), for the first phase of the analysis, and production variable is supported in the second stage and the factors affecting it are: (cultivated area, the volume of domestic demand, the degree of exposure agricultural world price, size of agricultural loans, estimated useful), has been used model measuring Two versions are linear and logarithmic and double where it relied on the concepts of economic theory and previous studies on the assessment and analysis of the factors affecting the production and productivity of grain crops which have been obtained from the time series data they reflect the factors affecting them all crops selected

UNLABELLED: The role of progenitor cells in liver repair and fibrosis has been extensively described, but their purification remains a challenge, hampering their characterization and use in regenerative medicine. To address this issue, we developed an easy and reproducible liver progenitor cell (LPC) isolation strategy based on aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity, a common feature shared by many progenitor cells. We demonstrate that a subset of nonparenchymal mouse liver cells displays high levels of ALDH activity, allowing the isolation of these cells by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Immunocytochemistry and qPCR analyses on freshly isolated ALDH(+) cells reveal an enrichment in cells expressing liver stem cell markers such as EpCAM, CK19, CD133, and Sox9. In culture, the ALDH(+) population can give rise to functional hepatocyte-like cells as illustrated by albumin and urea secretion and cytochrome P450 activity. ALDH1A1 expression can be detected in canals of Hering and bile duct epithelial cells and is increased on liver injury. Finally, we showed that the isolation and differentiation toward hepatocyte-like cells of LPCs with high ALDH activity is also successfully applicable to human liver samples. CONCLUSION: High ALDH activity is a feature of LPCs that can be taken advantage of to isolate these cells from untreated mouse as well as human liver tissues. This novel protocol is practically relevant, because it provides an easy and nontoxic method to isolate liver stem cells from normal tissue for potential therapeutic purposes.

The shortage of human organ donors and the low cell quality of available liver tissues represent major obstacles for the clinical application of orthotropic liver transplantation and hepatocyte transplantation, respectively. Therefore, worldwide research groups are investigating alternative extrahepatic cell sources. Recentin vitrostudies have demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from various sources, including human bone marrow, adipose tissue, and umbilical cord, can be differentiated into hepatocyte-like cells when appropriate conditions are used. In particular, interest exists for human adipose–derived stems cells (hASCs) as an attractive cell source for generating hepatocyte-like cells. The hASCs are multipotent MSCs that reside in adipose tissue, with the ability to self-renew and differentiate into multiple cell lineages. Moreover, these cells can secrete multiple growth factors and cytokines that exert beneficial effects on organ or tissue injury. In this review, we will not only present recent data regarding hASC biology, their isolation, and differentiation capability towards hepatocytes, but also the potential application of hASC-derived hepatocytes to study drug toxicity. Additionally, this review will discuss the therapeutic potential of hASCs as undifferentiated cells in liver regeneration.

Chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL) is a rare myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) that represents a diagnostic dilemma for both clinicians and pathologists. Because this disease entity is very rare, and because its diagnosis is by exclusion, it is important for clinical hematologists and hemato-pathologists to be familiar with CNL when approaching patients with MPNs and persistent neutrophilia. A woman in her 40s who was incidentally found to have leukocytosis was referred to the hematology service at the National Center for Cancer Care and Research for evaluation. Complete blood count revealed hyperleukocytosis with predominant neutrophilia. Peripheral blood and flow cytometry did not show any evidence of lymphoproliferative disorder or myeloblasts. Bone marrow aspirate and biopsy revealed a hypercellular marrow with myeloid hyperplasia. Cytogenetics revealed normal karyotype. Tests for both Janus kinase mutation JAK2 V617F and rearrangement of the genes BCR–ABL1, platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α (PDGFRα), PDGFRβ, and fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 (FGFR1) were negative. Thereafter, the diagnosis of CNL was reached. She was treated with pegylated interferon alpha-2a, with very good hematological response. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of CNL reported among the Arab population.

Non-parenchymal cells might play an important role in the modulation of xenobiotic metabolism in liver and its pharmacological and toxicological consequences. Therefore, the role of cell-to-cell interactions in herbal induced liver toxicity was investigated in monocultures of cells from the human hepatocyte cell line (HepG2) and in co-cultures of cells from the HepG2 cell line and cells from the human monocyte cell line (THP1). Cells were treated with various concentrations (1–500 µg ml−1) of extracts ofPistacia palaestina,Juglans regiaandQuercus ithaburensisfor 24 h. Extracts fromCleome droserifolia, a known toxic plant, were taken as positive control. In the co-culture system, toxic effects were observed after exposure to extracts ofPistacia palestinaandC. droserifolia. These two extracts significantly reduced by cell viability as measured the MTT test and the LDH assay. Whereas in hepatocyte cultures, only extracts ofC. droserifoliawere found to affect the cell viability. The production levels of albumin from hepatocytes were not affected by treatment with plant extracts in both culture systems. It seems that the observed reduction in cell viability after exposure to extracts ofP. palestinain co-cultures but not in monocultures is a result of monocyte-derived factors. The use of liver cell co-cultures is therefore a useful approach to investigate the influence of intercellular communication on xenobiotic metabolism in liver.

Primary breast lymphoma (PBL) is a rare disease, and few clinicohistopathologic features of the disease have been discussed in previous studies. It represents 2.2% of extranodal lymphomas and constitutes 0.04% to 0.5% of malignant breast neoplasms, despite the clinical and radiographic similarities between breast lymphoma and carcinoma, the prognosis, as reported in the literature, varies. No consensus exists on the best way to treat PBL. However, radiotherapy and chemotherapy were used alone or in combination to treat various cases of PBL. We retrospectively studied 3 cases of PBL of the breast seen in patients attending a tertiary cancer center in Qatar, between 2012 and 2015, in an attempt to determine the common clinical features, therapy, and prognosis of PBL.