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1. Entry and Exit of Baltimore City Teachers before and after COVID

Author

Abell Foundation and Jane Arnold Lincove

Abstract

In 2022, after increasing pressures from the COVID pandemic and a shifting political climate, the nation's largest teachers' union warned that over half of teachers were considering exiting the teaching profession. More recent national and local work suggests that such evidence in the media is often not supported by administrative data and that reports of a teacher exodus are often exaggerated or incorrect. There is no public data on teacher vacancies in Maryland, so in this study the supply of teachers in Baltimore City Public Schools (City Schools) was examined, with a particular focus on sources of potential teacher shortages that emerged during the COVID-19 era. Data for this study was provided by the Maryland Longitudinal Data System Center (MLDSC), an independent state agency that supports research on education and workforce outcomes in Maryland. Through descriptive evidence on teacher entry and exit from 2016 to 2022, it was shown that teacher retention rates in City Schools actually improved over pre-COVID levels. However, the post-COVID period also saw an increase in the number of new teachers hired with temporary teaching certificates. This suggests that City Schools faces new challenges to recruit and develop the next generation of teachers for Baltimore students.

Published
2023

2. Podcasting for Public Knowledge: A Multiple Case Study of Scholarly Podcasts at One University

Author

Lindsay Persohn, Rayna Letourneau, Emma Abell-Selby, Jason Boczar, Allison Symulevich, Jessica Szempruch, Matthew Torrence, Thomas Woolf, and Audrey Holtzman

Abstract

Through a lens for engaged scholarship (Boyer in "Journal of Public Service and Outreach," 1(1), 11-20, 1996) this multiple case study (Merriam, 1996) explores the potential of scholarly podcasts for public knowledge dissemination, highlighting the misalignment of university impact metrics with this medium. Our team collected qualitative and numerical data from six podcasters across our university system. We identify metrics for assessing scholarly podcast value, offer recommendations for institutional communication, and share our insights and challenges. Data analysis suggests that a Listen Score (Listen Notes, ND) and an increasing Podcast Success Index (Singh et al. "JMIR Medical Education," 2(2), 1-10, 2016) may be consistent with a wider reach. Consistent production and promotion are key and infrastructure support for scholarly podcasters is necessary.

Published
2024
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4. Role of land-ocean interactions in stepwise Northern Hemisphere Glaciation.

Author

Zhong, Yi, Tan, Ning, Abell, Jordan, Sun, Chijun, Kaboth-Bahr, Stefanie, Ford, Heather, Herbert, Timothy, Pullen, Alex, Horikawa, Keiji, Yu, Jimin, Struve, Torben, Weber, Michael, Clift, Peter, Larrasoaña, Juan, Lu, Zhengyao, Yang, Hu, Bahr, André, Chen, Tianyu, Zhang, Jingyu, Wei, Cao, Xia, Wenyue, Yang, Sheng, and Liu, Qingsong

Abstract

The investigation of triggers causing the onset and intensification of Northern Hemisphere Glaciation (NHG) during the late Pliocene is essential for understanding the global climate system, with important implications for projecting future climate changes. Despite their critical roles in the global climate system, influences of land-ocean interactions on high-latitude ice sheets remain largely unexplored. Here, we present a high-resolution Asian dust record from Ocean Drilling Program Site 1208 in the North Pacific, which lies along the main route of the westerlies. Our data indicate that atmosphere-land-ocean interactions affected aeolian dust emissions through modulating moisture and vegetation in dust source regions, highlighting a critical role of terrestrial systems in initiating the NHG as early as 3.6 Myr ago. Combined with additional multi-proxy and model results, we further show that westerly wind strength was enhanced, mainly at low-to-middle tropospheric levels, during major glacial events at about 3.3 and 2.7 Myr ago. We suggest that coupled responses of Earths surface dynamics and atmospheric circulation in the Plio-Pleistocene likely involved feedbacks related to changes in paleogeography, ocean circulation, and global climate.

Published
2024

5. Understanding the nature of the $\Delta(1600)$ resonance

Author

Hockley, Liam, Abell, Curtis, Leinweber, Derek, and Thomas, Anthony

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Lattice, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

We present a coupled-channel analysis of the $ J^P = 3/2^+ \Delta $-baryon spectrum, based in the framework of Hamiltonian Effective Field Theory (HEFT). We construct a Hamiltonian which mixes quark model-like single-particle states and two-particle meson-baryon channels, and constrain this via experimentally measured $ \pi N \to \pi N $ scattering observables. In the same vein as L\"{u}scher's approach, we then connect this infinite-volume inspired Hamiltonian with finite-volume lattice QCD results. Drawing on lattice correlation-matrix eigenvectors identifying the $ 1s $ and $ 2s $ states in the finite-volume $ \Delta(3/2^+) $ spectrum, and utilising the HEFT eigenvectors describing the composition of the energy eigenstates, we resolve the structure of these states and their relation to the $ \Delta(1600) $ resonance. We find the dominant contributions to this resonance come from strong rescattering in the $ \pi N $ and $ \pi \Delta $ channels. This contrasts the long-held view of a dominant quark model-like core for the $ \Delta(1600) $. Further discussion of other contemporary lattice results for the $ \Delta $ spectrum and $ \pi N $ scattering states is also presented., Comment: 29 pages, 20 figures

Published
2024

14. Understanding the nature of baryon resonances

Author

Leinweber, Derek B., Abell, Curtis D., Hockley, Liam C., Kamleh, Waseem, Liu, Zhan-Wei, Stokes, Finn M., Thomas, Anthony W., and Wu, Jia-Jun

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Lattice, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

This presentation opens with a brief review of lattice QCD calculations showing the $2s$ radial excitation of the nucleon sits at approximately 2 GeV, well above the Roper resonance position. We then proceed to reconcile this observation with experimental scattering data. While the idea of dressing quark-model states in a coupled-channel analysis to describe scattering data has been around for decades, it's now possible to bring these descriptions to the finite-volume of lattice QCD for confrontation with lattice-QCD calculations. This combination of lattice QCD and experiment demands that we reconsider our preconceived notions about the quark-model and its excitation spectrum. We close with a discussion of an unanticipated resolution to the missing baryon resonances problem., Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures. To appear as a plenary contribution to the proceedings of HADRON 2023, the 20th International Conference on Hadron Spectroscopy and Structure, 5th-9th June 2023, Genova, Italy

Published
2024

15. Author Correction: Evidence for multi-fragmentation and mass shedding of boulders on rubble-pile binary asteroid system (65803) Didymos

Author

Pajola, M., Tusberti, F., Lucchetti, A., Barnouin, O., Cambioni, S., Ernst, C. M., Dotto, E., Daly, R. T., Poggiali, G., Hirabayashi, M., Nakano, R., Epifani, E. Mazzotta, Chabot, N. L., Della Corte, V., Rivkin, A., Agrusa, H., Zhang, Y., Penasa, L., Ballouz, R.-L., Ivanovski, S., Murdoch, N., Rossi, A., Robin, C., Ieva, S., Vincent, J. B., Ferrari, F., Raducan, S. D., Campo-Bagatin, A., Parro, L., Benavidez, P., Tancredi, G., Karatekin, Ö., Trigo-Rodriguez, J. M., Sunshine, J., Farnham, T., Asphaug, E., Deshapriya, J. D. P., Hasselmann, P. H. A., Beccarelli, J., Schwartz, S. R., Abell, P., Michel, P., Cheng, A., Brucato, J. R., Zinzi, A., Amoroso, M., Pirrotta, S., Impresario, G., Bertini, I., Capannolo, A., Caporali, S., Ceresoli, M., Cremonese, G., Dall’Ora, M., Gai, I., Casajus, L. Gomez, Gramigna, E., Manghi, R. Lasagni, Lavagna, M., Lombardo, M., Modenini, D., Palumbo, P., Perna, D., Tortora, P., Zannoni, M., and Zanotti, G.

Published
2024
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18. Evaluating the tailored implementation of a multisite care navigation service for mental health in rural and remote Australia (The Bridging Study): protocol for a community-engaged hybrid effectiveness-implementation study

Author

Tyack, Zephanie, McPhail, Steven, Aarons, Gregory A., McGrath, Kelly, Barron, Andrew, Carter, Hannah, Larkins, Sarah, Barnett, Adrian, Hummell, Eloise, Tulleners, Ruth, Fisher, Olivia, Harvey, Gillian, Jones, Lee, Murray, Kate, and Abell, Bridget

Published
2024
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19. Evidence for multi-fragmentation and mass shedding of boulders on rubble-pile binary asteroid system (65803) Didymos

Author

Pajola, M., Tusberti, F., Lucchetti, A., Barnouin, O., Cambioni, S., Ernst, C. M., Dotto, E., Daly, R. T., Poggiali, G., Hirabayashi, M., Nakano, R., Epifani, E. Mazzotta, Chabot, N. L., Della Corte, V., Rivkin, A., Agrusa, H., Zhang, Y., Penasa, L., Ballouz, R.-L., Ivanovski, S., Murdoch, N., Rossi, A., Robin, C., Ieva, S., Vincent, J. B., Ferrari, F., Raducan, S. D., Campo-Bagatin, A., Parro, L., Benavidez, P., Tancredi, G., Karatekin, Ö., Trigo-Rodriguez, J. M., Sunshine, J., Farnham, T., Asphaug, E., Deshapriya, J. D. P., Hasselmann, P. H. A., Beccarelli, J., Schwartz, S. R., Abell, P., Michel, P., Cheng, A., Brucato, J. R., Zinzi, A., Amoroso, M., Pirrotta, S., Impresario, G., Bertini, I., Capannolo, A., Caporali, S., Ceresoli, M., Cremonese, G., Dall’Ora, M., Gai, I., Casajus, L. Gomez, Gramigna, E., Manghi, R. Lasagni, Lavagna, M., Lombardo, M., Modenini, D., Palumbo, P., Perna, D., Tortora, P., Zannoni, M., and Zanotti, G.

Published
2024
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22. Institutionalizing Community-Based Research: A Case Study of Articulated Program Development

Author

Leslie Abell, Dennis J. Downey, and Pilar Pacheco

Abstract

Community-Based Research (CBR) presents a wide range of benefits in higher education to students, community partners, and universities. Yet on our campus (and many others), CBR remains less common than other high-impact practices (HIPs) such as service learning and undergraduate research due to lack of effective institutionalization. Moreover, when CBR projects are undertaken, they result in a level of engagement with CBR that produces fewer of the expected benefits than is ideal. Here we detail our efforts to institutionalize CBR on our campus to appropriately expand the practice and its resulting benefits. These efforts focus on three initiatives: raising the visibility of CBR, diffusing expertise to implement CBR, and providing critical support for designing and implementing CBR. We also include our assessment plan which had to be postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This plan utilizes a mixed-methods approach and will explore how our initiatives have made an impact on faculty and community partners involved with CBR, as well as assess interest and knowledge about CBR among faculty and community partners who are currently involved in service learning but not yet involved in CBR. We present our efforts as a model for other universities seeking to increase implementation of CBR.

Published
2023

23. The Near-Earth Object Surveyor Mission

Author

Mainzer, A. K., Masiero, Joseph R., Abell, Paul A., Bauer, J. M., Bottke, William, Buratti, Bonnie J., Carey, Sean J., Cotto-Figueroa, D., Cutri, R. M., Dahlen, D., Eisenhardt, Peter R. M., Fernandez, 6 Y. R., Furfaro, Roberto, Grav, Tommy, Hoffman, T. L., Kelley, Michael S., Kim, Yoonyoung, Kirkpatrick, J. Davy, Lawler, Christopher R., Lilly, Eva, Liu, X., Marocco, Federico, Marsh, K. A., Masci, Frank J., McMurtry, Craig W., Pourrahmani, Milad, Reinhart, Lennon, Ressler, Michael E., Satpathy, Akash, Schambeau, C. A., Sonnett, S., Spahr, Timothy B., Surace, Jason A., Vaquero, Mar, Wright, E. L., Zengilowski, Gregory R., and Team, NEO Surveyor Mission

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The Near-Earth Object (NEO) Surveyor mission is a NASA observatory designed to discover and characterize near-Earth asteroids and comets. The mission's primary objective is to find the majority of objects large enough to cause severe regional impact damage ($>$140 m in effective spherical diameter) within its five-year baseline survey. Operating at the Sun-Earth L1 Lagrange point, the mission will survey to within 45 degrees of the Sun in an effort to find the objects in the most Earth-like orbits. The survey cadence is optimized to provide observational arcs long enough to reliably distinguish near-Earth objects from more distant small bodies that cannot pose an impact hazard. Over the course of its survey, NEO Surveyor will discover $\sim$200,000 - 300,000 new NEOs down to sizes as small as $\sim$10 m and thousands of comets, significantly improving our understanding of the probability of an Earth impact over the next century., Comment: accepted to PSJ

Published
2023

24. Optimization of Magnetized Electron Cooling with JSPEC

Author

Coleman, Stephen J., Bruhwiler, David L., Abell, Dan T., Nash, Boaz, Pogorelov, Ilya, and Zhang, He

Subjects
Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract

The Electron-Ion-Collider (EIC) will be a next-generation facility located at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), built with the goal of accelerating heavy ions up to 275 GeV. To prevent ion beam size growth during the acceleration phase, cooling techniques will be required to keep the beam size from growing due to intra-beam scattering. The JSPEC (JLab Simulation Package for Electron Cooling) $\texttt{C++}$ package is a tool designed to numerically model magnetized and unmagnetized cooling through friction forces between co-propagating electron and ion bunches. Here we describe a feature that has been added to the JSPEC package, which implements a Nelder-Mead Simplex optimization algorithm to allow a user to optimize certain beam parameters in order to achieve a target cooling time.

Published
2023

25. Propagation of a Gaussian Wigner Function Through a Matrix-Aperture Beamline

Author

Pogorelov, Ilya V., Nash, Boaz, Abell, Dan T., Moeller, Paul, and Goldring, Nicholas

Subjects
Physics - Accelerator Physics, Physics - Optics
Abstract

In the framework of statistical optics, a Wigner function represents partially coherent radiation. A Gaussian Wigner function, which is an equivalent representation of the more commonly used Gaussian Schell-model cross-spectral density, may be defined in terms of its covariance matrix and centroid. Starting from the relationship between Gaussian Wigner functions and the Gaussian Schell model, we derive coherence properties of the Gaussian Wigner function, including coherence length and degree of coherence. We define a simplified beamline called a matrix-aperture beamline composed of linear transport sections separated by physical apertures. This is an idealized form for a transport beamline in a synchrotron light source or X-ray free electron laser. An envelope model provides a basic foundation for understanding the optics of a given beamline, in a manner analogous to how linear optics are treated in particle beam dynamics, with corresponding definitions of emittance and Twiss parameters. One major challenge to such an envelope model lies in the hard-edge apertures which break the Gaussian condition, raising the question as to the adequacy of a Gaussian model. We present a consistent way to construct a Gaussian approximation of the far-field Wigner function following the hard edge aperture. To this end, we introduce the concept of a Gaussian aperture and analyze its effects on the radiation Wigner function. A software implementation of this model is described as well.

Published
2023

27. The Impacts of Ongoing Higher Education Legislation on University Instruction: Perspectives from an Anthropology Graduate Student in the State of Florida

Author

Abell-Selby, Emma

Subjects
Legislation, Graduate Student, Higher Education, Teaching, Florida
Abstract

In this essay, I reflect on my own experiences as a graduate student in applied anthropology working in the context of ongoing higher education legislation implemented under the DeSantis administration in the state of Florida. In particular, I focus on the ways Florida’s House Bill 7 and Senate Bill 266 have impacted my experiences as a graduate student teaching general education courses in anthropology. This commentary argues that these laws have promoted a culture of uncertainty and precarity by disrupting the academic freedoms of people in teaching positions, while potentially undermining critical and creative thinking in the classroom.

Published
2024

31. Low-lying odd-parity nucleon resonances as quark-model like states

Author

Abell, Curtis D., Leinweber, Derek B., Liu, Zhan-Wei, Thomas, Anthony W., and Wu, Jia-Jun

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Lattice, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

Recent lattice QCD results for the low-lying odd-parity excitations of the nucleon near the $N^{*}(1535)$ and $N^{*}(1650)$ resonance positions have revealed that the lattice QCD states have magnetic moments consistent with predictions from a constituent-quark-model. Using Hamiltonian Effective Field Theory (HEFT) to describe pion-nucleon scattering in the $I(J^{P}) = \frac{1}{2}(\frac{1}{2}^{-})$ channel, we represent these two quark-model like states as two single-particle bare basis states, dressed and mixed by meson-baryon scattering channels. By constraining the free parameters of the Hamiltonian with $S_{11}$ pion-nucleon scattering data, we perform the first calculation of the finite-volume spectrum using two bare-baryon basis states. By comparing this spectrum to contemporary lattice QCD results at three lattice volumes, we analyse the eigenvectors of the Hamiltonian to gain insight into the structure and composition of these two low-lying resonances. We find that an interpretation of the two low-lying nucleon resonances as quark-model like states dressed by meson-baryon interactions is consistent with both the $S_{11}$ scattering data and lattice QCD. We introduce a novel HEFT formalism for estimating scattering-state contaminations in lattice QCD correlation functions constructed with standard three-quark operators. Not only are historical lattice QCD results described with excellent accuracy, but correlation functions with large scattering-state contaminations are identified., Comment: 17 pages, 12 figures

Published
2023

32. Effects of multiple single-particle basis states in scattering systems

Author

Abell, Curtis D., Leinweber, Derek B., Thomas, Anthony W., and Wu, Jia-Jun

Subjects
Nuclear Theory, High Energy Physics - Lattice, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

Low-lying baryon resonances have been explored using Hamiltonian Effective Field Theory (HEFT), in a formalism where resonances with a three-quark component are described by both two-particle meson-baryon states and a bare basis state. Here, we investigate the use of multiple bare states in the Hamiltonian, to extend the formalism to higher energy ranges, and represent a larger portion of the low-lying baryon spectrum. Introducing a second bare state into a toy model extension of the low-energy $\Delta(1232)$ system, we explore the influence of the second bare state on the position of poles in the infinite-volume $T$-matrix. Considering the same system in a finite-volume, we analyse the finite-volume energy spectrum in the presence of a second bare state, providing insight into the interplay between two bare basis states, representing quark-model states, and the relationship between infinite-volume poles and finite-volume eigenstates., Comment: 14 pages, 7 figures

Published
2023

33. Principles and clinical methods of body surface gastric mapping: Technical review.

Author

OGrady, Gregory, Varghese, Chris, Schamberg, Gabriel, Calder, Stefan, Du, Peng, Xu, William, Tack, Jan, Daker, Charlotte, Mousa, Hayat, Abell, Thomas, Parkman, Henry, Ho, Vincent, Bradshaw, L, Hobson, Anthony, Andrews, Christopher, and Gharibans, Armen

Subjects
Humans, Gastrointestinal Motility, Stomach, Electromyography, Body Surface Potential Mapping, Electrodes
Abstract

Chronic gastric symptoms are common, however differentiating specific contributing mechanisms in individual patients remains challenging. Abnormal gastric motility is present in a significant subgroup, but reliable methods for assessing gastric motor function in clinical practice are lacking. Body surface gastric mapping (BSGM) is a new diagnostic aid, employs multi-electrode arrays to measure and map gastric myoelectrical activity non-invasively in high resolution. Clinical adoption of BSGM is currently expanding following studies demonstrating the ability to achieve specific patient subgrouping, and subsequent regulatory clearances. An international working group was formed in order to standardize clinical BSGM methods, encompassing a technical group developing BSGM methods and a clinical advisory group. The working group performed a technical literature review and synthesis focusing on the rationale, principles, methods, and clinical applications of BSGM, with secondary review by the clinical group. The principles and validation of BSGM were evaluated, including key advances achieved over legacy electrogastrography (EGG). Methods for BSGM were reviewed, including device design considerations, patient preparation, test conduct, and data processing steps. Recent advances in BSGM test metrics and reference intervals are discussed, including four novel metrics, being the principal gastric frequency, BMI-adjusted amplitude, Gastric Alimetry Rhythm Index™, and fed: fasted amplitude ratio. An additional essential element of BSGM has been the introduction of validated digital tools for standardized symptom profiling, performed simultaneously during testing. Specific phenotypes identifiable by BSGM and the associated symptom profiles were codified with reference to pathophysiology. Finally, knowledge gaps and priority areas for future BSGM research were also identified by the working group.

Published
2023

34. Exploring the Comparability of Multiple-Choice and Constructed-Response Versions of Scenario-Based Assessment Tasks

Author

Herrmann-Abell, Cari F., Hardcastle, Joseph, and DeBoer, George E.

Abstract

As implementation of the "Next Generation Science Standards" moves forward, there is a need for new assessments that can measure students' integrated three-dimensional science learning. The National Research Council has suggested that these assessments be multicomponent tasks that utilize a combination of item formats including constructed-response and multiple-choice. However, little guidance has been provided for determining the relative value or cost effectiveness of those two formats. In this study, students were randomly assigned assessment tasks that contained either a constructed-response or a multiple-choice version of an otherwise equivalent item. Rasch analysis was used to compare the difficulty of these items on the same construct scale. We found that the set of items formed a broad unidimensional scale, but the constructed-response versions were more difficult than their multiple-choice counterparts. This difficulty was found to be partially due to the increased writing demand and the reasoning element in the constructed-response rubric. Students were more likely to recognize a clearly reasoned argument in a multiple-choice item than they were to create that reasoning themselves and communicate it in writing. Our findings can help instrument developers select a set of items that balances the time and effort students must provide during testing and the time and effort scorers need to spend to evaluate and score students' responses. In cases where constructing a response is an essential part of the targeted understanding, as when the target learning goal is to be able to construct an argument or generate a model, CR items are needed, but in other cases, MC items may be more efficient.

Published
2022

35. The James Webb Space Telescope Mission

Author

Gardner, Jonathan P., Mather, John C., Abbott, Randy, Abell, James S., Abernathy, Mark, Abney, Faith E., Abraham, John G., Abraham, Roberto, Abul-Huda, Yasin M., Acton, Scott, Adams, Cynthia K., Adams, Evan, Adler, David S., Adriaensen, Maarten, Aguilar, Jonathan Albert, Ahmed, Mansoor, Ahmed, Nasif S., Ahmed, Tanjira, Albat, Rüdeger, Albert, Loïc, Alberts, Stacey, Aldridge, David, Allen, Mary Marsha, Allen, Shaune S., Altenburg, Martin, Altunc, Serhat, Alvarez, Jose Lorenzo, Álvarez-Márquez, Javier, de Oliveira, Catarina Alves, Ambrose, Leslie L., Anandakrishnan, Satya M., Andersen, Gregory C., Anderson, Harry James, Anderson, Jay, Anderson, Kristen, Anderson, Sara M., Aprea, Julio, Archer, Benita J., Arenberg, Jonathan W., Argyriou, Ioannis, Arribas, Santiago, Artigau, Étienne, Arvai, Amanda Rose, Atcheson, Paul, Atkinson, Charles B., Averbukh, Jesse, Aymergen, Cagatay, Bacinski, John J., Baggett, Wayne E., Bagnasco, Giorgio, Baker, Lynn L., Balzano, Vicki Ann, Banks, Kimberly A., Baran, David A., Barker, Elizabeth A., Barrett, Larry K., Barringer, Bruce O., Barto, Allison, Bast, William, Baudoz, Pierre, Baum, Stefi, Beatty, Thomas G., Beaulieu, Mathilde, Bechtold, Kathryn, Beck, Tracy, Beddard, Megan M., Beichman, Charles, Bellagama, Larry, Bely, Pierre, Berger, Timothy W., Bergeron, Louis E., Darveau-Bernier, Antoine, Bertch, Maria D., Beskow, Charlotte, Betz, Laura E., Biagetti, Carl P., Birkmann, Stephan, Bjorklund, Kurt F., Blackwood, James D., Blazek, Ronald Paul, Blossfeld, Stephen, Bluth, Marcel, Boccaletti, Anthony, Boegner Jr., Martin E., Bohlin, Ralph C., Boia, John Joseph, Böker, Torsten, Bonaventura, N., Bond, Nicholas A., Bosley, Kari Ann, Boucarut, Rene A., Bouchet, Patrice, Bouwman, Jeroen, Bower, Gary, Bowers, Ariel S., Bowers, Charles W., Boyce, Leslye A., Boyer, Christine T., Boyer, Martha L., Boyer, Michael, Boyer, Robert, Bradley, Larry D., Brady, Gregory R., Brandl, Bernhard R., Brannen, Judith L., Breda, David, Bremmer, Harold G., Brennan, David, Bresnahan, Pamela A., Bright, Stacey N., Broiles, Brian J., Bromenschenkel, Asa, Brooks, Brian H., Brooks, Keira J., Brown, Bob, Brown, Bruce, Brown, Thomas M., Bruce, Barry W., Bryson, Jonathan G., Bujanda, Edwin D., Bullock, Blake M., Bunker, A. J., Bureo, Rafael, Burt, Irving J., Bush, James Aaron, Bushouse, Howard A., Bussman, Marie C., Cabaud, Olivier, Cale, Steven, Calhoon, Charles D., Calvani, Humberto, Canipe, Alicia M., Caputo, Francis M., Cara, Mihai, Carey, Larkin, Case, Michael Eli, Cesari, Thaddeus, Cetorelli, Lee D., Chance, Don R., Chandler, Lynn, Chaney, Dave, Chapman, George N., Charlot, S., Chayer, Pierre, Cheezum, Jeffrey I., Chen, Bin, Chen, Christine H., Cherinka, Brian, Chichester, Sarah C., Chilton, Zachary S., Chittiraibalan, Dharini, Clampin, Mark, Clark, Charles R., Clark, Kerry W., Clark, Stephanie M., Claybrooks, Edward E., Cleveland, Keith A., Cohen, Andrew L., Cohen, Lester M., Colón, Knicole D., Coleman, Benee L., Colina, Luis, Comber, Brian J., Comeau, Thomas M., Comer, Thomas, Reis, Alain Conde, Connolly, Dennis C., Conroy, Kyle E., Contos, Adam R., Contreras, James, Cook, Neil J., Cooper, James L., Cooper, Rachel Aviva, Correia, Michael F., Correnti, Matteo, Cossou, Christophe, Costanza, Brian F., Coulais, Alain, Cox, Colin R., Coyle, Ray T., Cracraft, Misty M., Noriega-Crespo, Alberto, Crew, Keith A., Curtis, Gary J., Cusveller, Bianca, Maciel, Cleyciane Da Costa, Dailey, Christopher T., Daugeron, Frédéric, Davidson, Greg S., Davies, James E., Davis, Katherine Anne, Davis, Michael S., Day, Ratna, de Chambure, Daniel, de Jong, Pauline, De Marchi, Guido, Dean, Bruce H., Decker, John E., Delisa, Amy S., Dell, Lawrence C., Dellagatta, Gail, Dembinska, Franciszka, Demosthenes, Sandor, Dencheva, Nadezhda M., Deneu, Philippe, DePriest, William W., Deschenes, Jeremy, Dethienne, Nathalie, Detre, Örs Hunor, Diaz, Rosa Izela, Dicken, Daniel, DiFelice, Audrey S., Dillman, Matthew, Disharoon, Maureen O., van Dishoeck, Ewine F., Dixon, William V., Doggett, Jesse B., Dominguez, Keisha L., Donaldson, Thomas S., Doria-Warner, Cristina M., Santos, Tony Dos, Doty, Heather, Douglas Jr., Robert E., Doyon, René, Dressler, Alan, Driggers, Jennifer, Driggers, Phillip A., Dunn, Jamie L., DuPrie, Kimberly C., Dupuis, Jean, Durning, John, Dutta, Sanghamitra B., Earl, Nicholas M., Eccleston, Paul, Ecobichon, Pascal, Egami, Eiichi, Ehrenwinkler, Ralf, Eisenhamer, Jonathan D., Eisenhower, Michael, Eisenstein, Daniel J., Hamel, Zaky El, Elie, Michelle L., Elliott, James, Elliott, Kyle Wesley, Engesser, Michael, Espinoza, Néstor, Etienne, Odessa, Etxaluze, Mireya, Evans, Leah, Fabreguettes, Luce, Falcolini, Massimo, Falini, Patrick R., Fatig, Curtis, Feeney, Matthew, Feinberg, Lee D., Fels, Raymond, Ferdous, Nazma, Ferguson, Henry C., Ferrarese, Laura, Ferreira, Marie-Héléne, Ferruit, Pierre, Ferry, Malcolm, Filippazzo, Joseph Charles, Firre, Daniel, Fix, Mees, Flagey, Nicolas, Flanagan, Kathryn A., Fleming, Scott W., Florian, Michael, Flynn, James R., Foiadelli, Luca, Fontaine, Mark R., Fontanella, Erin Marie, Forshay, Peter Randolph, Fortner, Elizabeth A., Fox, Ori D., Framarini, Alexandro P., Francisco, John I., Franck, Randy, Franx, Marijn, Franz, David E., Friedman, Scott D., Friend, Katheryn E., Frost, James R., Fu, Henry, Fullerton, Alexander W., Gaillard, Lionel, Galkin, Sergey, Gallagher, Ben, Galyer, Anthony D., Marín, Macarena García, Gardner, Lisa E., Garland, Dennis, Garrett, Bruce Albert, Gasman, Danny, Gáspár, András, Gastaud, René, Gaudreau, Daniel, Gauthier, Peter Timothy, Geers, Vincent, Geithner, Paul H., Gennaro, Mario, Gerber, John, Gereau, John C., Giampaoli, Robert, Giardino, Giovanna, Gibbons, Paul C., Gilbert, Karolina, Gilman, Larry, Girard, Julien H., Giuliano, Mark E., Gkountis, Konstantinos, Glasse, Alistair, Glassmire, Kirk Zachary, Glauser, Adrian Michael, Glazer, Stuart D., Goldberg, Joshua, Golimowski, David A., Gonzaga, Shireen P., Gordon, Karl D., Gordon, Shawn J., Goudfrooij, Paul, Gough, Michael J., Graham, Adrian J., Grau, Christopher M., Green, Joel David, Greene, Gretchen R., Greene, Thomas P., Greenfield, Perry E., Greenhouse, Matthew A., Greve, Thomas R., Greville, Edgar M., Grimaldi, Stefano, Groe, Frank E., Groebner, Andrew, Grumm, David M., Grundy, Timothy, Güdel, Manuel, Guillard, Pierre, Guldalian, John, Gunn, Christopher A., Gurule, Anthony, Gutman, Irvin Meyer, Guy, Paul D., Guyot, Benjamin, Hack, Warren J., Haderlein, Peter, Hagan, James B., Hagedorn, Andria, Hainline, Kevin, Haley, Craig, Hami, Maryam, Hamilton, Forrest Clifford, Hammann, Jeffrey, Hammel, Heidi B., Hanley, Christopher J., Hansen, Carl August, Hardy, Bruce, Harnisch, Bernd, Harr, Michael Hunter, Harris, Pamela, Hart, Jessica Ann, Hartig, George F., Hasan, Hashima, Hashim, Kathleen Marie, Hashimoto, Ryan, Haskins, Sujee J., Hawkins, Robert Edward, Hayden, Brian, Hayden, William L., Healy, Mike, Hecht, Karen, Heeg, Vince J., Hejal, Reem, Helm, Kristopher A., Hengemihle, Nicholas J., Henning, Thomas, Henry, Alaina, Henry, Ronald L., Henshaw, Katherine, Hernandez, Scarlin, Herrington, Donald C., Heske, Astrid, Hesman, Brigette Emily, Hickey, David L., Hilbert, Bryan N., Hines, Dean C., Hinz, Michael R., Hirsch, Michael, Hitcho, Robert S., Hodapp, Klaus, Hodge, Philip E., Hoffman, Melissa, Holfeltz, Sherie T., Holler, Bryan Jason, Hoppa, Jennifer Rose, Horner, Scott, Howard, Joseph M., Howard, Richard J., Huber, Jean M., Hunkeler, Joseph S., Hunter, Alexander, Hunter, David Gavin, Hurd, Spencer W., Hurst, Brendan J., Hutchings, John B., Hylan, Jason E., Ignat, Luminita Ilinca, Illingworth, Garth, Irish, Sandra M., Isaacs III, John C., Jackson Jr., Wallace C., Jaffe, Daniel T., Jahic, Jasmin, Jahromi, Amir, Jakobsen, Peter, James, Bryan, James, John C., James, LeAndrea Rae, Jamieson, William Brian, Jandra, Raymond D., Jayawardhana, Ray, Jedrzejewski, Robert, Jeffers, Basil S., Jensen, Peter, Joanne, Egges, Johns, Alan T., Johnson, Carl A., Johnson, Eric L., Johnson, Patricia, Johnson, Phillip Stephen, Johnson, Thomas K., Johnson, Timothy W., Johnstone, Doug, Jollet, Delphine, Jones, Danny P., Jones, Gregory S., Jones, Olivia C., Jones, Ronald A., Jones, Vicki, Jordan, Ian J., Jordan, Margaret E., Jue, Reginald, Jurkowski, Mark H., Justis, Grant, Justtanont, Kay, Kaleida, Catherine C., Kalirai, Jason S., Kalmanson, Phillip Cabrales, Kaltenegger, Lisa, Kammerer, Jens, Kan, Samuel K., Kanarek, Graham Childs, Kao, Shaw-Hong, Karakla, Diane M., Karl, Hermann, Kassin, Susan A., Kauffman, David D., Kavanagh, Patrick, Kelley, Leigh L., Kelly, Douglas M., Kendrew, Sarah, Kennedy, Herbert V., Kenny, Deborah A., Keski-Kuha, Ritva A., Keyes, Charles D., Khan, Ali, Kidwell, Richard C., Kimble, Randy A., King, James S., King, Richard C., Kinzel, Wayne M., Kirk, Jeffrey R., Kirkpatrick, Marc E., Klaassen, Pamela, Klingemann, Lana, Klintworth, Paul U., Knapp, Bryan Adam, Knight, Scott, Knollenberg, Perry J., Knutsen, Daniel Mark, Koehler, Robert, Koekemoer, Anton M., Kofler, Earl T., Kontson, Vicki L., Kovacs, Aiden Rose, Kozhurina-Platais, Vera, Krause, Oliver, Kriss, Gerard A., Krist, John, Kristoffersen, Monica R., Krogel, Claudia, Krueger, Anthony P., Kulp, Bernard A., Kumari, Nimisha, Kwan, Sandy W., Kyprianou, Mark, Labador, Aurora Gadiano, Labiano, Álvaro, Lafrenière, David, Lagage, Pierre-Olivier, Laidler, Victoria G., Laine, Benoit, Laird, Simon, Lajoie, Charles-Philippe, Lallo, Matthew D., Lam, May Yen, LaMassa, Stephanie Marie, Lambros, Scott D., Lampenfield, Richard Joseph, Lander, Matthew Ed, Langston, James Hutton, Larson, Kirsten, Larson, Melora, LaVerghetta, Robert Joseph, Law, David R., Lawrence, Jon F., Lee, David W., Lee, Janice, Lee, Yat-Ning Paul, Leisenring, Jarron, Leveille, Michael Dunlap, Levenson, Nancy A., Levi, Joshua S., Levine, Marie B., Lewis, Dan, Lewis, Jake, Lewis, Nikole, Libralato, Mattia, Lidon, Norbert, Liebrecht, Paula Louisa, Lightsey, Paul, Lilly, Simon, Lim, Frederick C., Lim, Pey Lian, Ling, Sai-Kwong, Link, Lisa J., Link, Miranda Nicole, Lipinski, Jamie L., Liu, XiaoLi, Lo, Amy S., Lobmeyer, Lynette, Logue, Ryan M., Long, Chris A., Long, Douglas R., Long, Ilana D., Long, Knox S., López-Caniego, Marcos, Lotz, Jennifer M., Love-Pruitt, Jennifer M., Lubskiy, Michael, Luers, Edward B., Luetgens, Robert A., Luevano, Annetta J., Lui, Sarah Marie G. Flores, Lund III, James M., Lundquist, Ray A., Lunine, Jonathan, Lützgendorf, Nora, Lynch, Richard J., MacDonald, Alex J., MacDonald, Kenneth, Macias, Matthew J., Macklis, Keith I., Maghami, Peiman, Maharaja, Rishabh Y., Maiolino, Roberto, Makrygiannis, Konstantinos G., Malla, Sunita Giri, Malumuth, Eliot M., Manjavacas, Elena, Marini, Andrea, Marrione, Amanda, Marston, Anthony, Martel, André R, Martin, Didier, Martin, Peter G., Martinez, Kristin L., Maschmann, Marc, Masci, Gregory L., Masetti, Margaret E., Maszkiewicz, Michael, Matthews, Gary, Matuskey, Jacob E., McBrayer, Glen A., McCarthy, Donald W., McCaughrean, Mark J., McClare, Leslie A., McClare, Michael D., McCloskey, John C., McClurg, Taylore D., McCoy, Martin, McElwain, Michael W., McGregor, Roy D., McGuffey, Douglas B., McKay, Andrew G., McKenzie, William K., McLean, Brian, McMaster, Matthew, McNeil, Warren, De Meester, Wim, Mehalick, Kimberly L., Meixner, Margaret, Meléndez, Marcio, Menzel, Michael P., Menzel, Michael T., Merz, Matthew, Mesterharm, David D., Meyer, Michael R., Meyett, Michele L., Meza, Luis E., Midwinter, Calvin, Milam, Stefanie N., Miller, Jay Todd, Miller, William C., Miskey, Cherie L., Misselt, Karl, Mitchell, Eileen P., Mohan, Martin, Montoya, Emily E., Moran, Michael J., Morishita, Takahiro, Moro-Martín, Amaya, Morrison, Debra L., Morrison, Jane, Morse, Ernie C., Moschos, Michael, Moseley, S. H., Mosier, Gary E., Mosner, Peter, Mountain, Matt, Muckenthaler, Jason S., Mueller, Donald G., Mueller, Migo, Muhiem, Daniella, Mühlmann, Prisca, Mullally, Susan Elizabeth, Mullen, Stephanie M., Munger, Alan J, Murphy, Jess, Murray, Katherine T., Muzerolle, James C., Mycroft, Matthew, Myers, Andrew, Myers, Carey R., Myers, Fred Richard R., Myers, Richard, Myrick, Kaila, Nagle IV, Adrian F., Nayak, Omnarayani, Naylor, Bret, Neff, Susan G., Nelan, Edmund P., Nella, John, Nguyen, Duy Tuong, Nguyen, Michael N., Nickson, Bryony, Nidhiry, John Joseph, Niedner, Malcolm B., Nieto-Santisteban, Maria, Nikolov, Nikolay K., Nishisaka, Mary Ann, Nota, Antonella, O'Mara, Robyn C., Oboryshko, Michael, O'Brien, Marcus B., Ochs, William R., Offenberg, Joel D., Ogle, Patrick Michael, Ohl, Raymond G., Olmsted, Joseph Hamden, Osborne, Shannon Barbara, O'Shaughnessy, Brian Patrick, Östlin, Göran, O'Sullivan, Brian, Otor, O. Justin, Ottens, Richard, Ouellette, Nathalie N. -Q., Outlaw, Daria J., Owens, Beverly A., Pacifici, Camilla, Page, James Christophe, Paranilam, James G., Park, Sang, Parrish, Keith A., Paschal, Laura, Patapis, Polychronis, Patel, Jignasha, Patrick, Keith, Pattishall Jr., Robert A., Paul, Douglas William, Paul, Shirley J., Pauly, Tyler Andrew, Pavlovsky, Cheryl M., Peña-Guerrero, Maria, Pedder, Andrew H., Peek, Matthew Weldon, Pelham, Patricia A., Penanen, Konstantin, Perriello, Beth A., Perrin, Marshall D., Perrine, Richard F., Perrygo, Chuck, Peslier, Muriel, Petach, Michael, Peterson, Karla A., Pfarr, Tom, Pierson, James M., Pietraszkiewicz, Martin, Pilchen, Guy, Pipher, Judy L., Pirzkal, Norbert, Pitman, Joseph T., Player, Danielle M., Plesha, Rachel, Plitzke, Anja, Pohner, John A., Poletis, Karyn Konstantin, Pollizzi, Joseph A., Polster, Ethan, Pontius, James T., Pontoppidan, Klaus, Porges, Susana C., Potter, Gregg D., Prescott, Stephen, Proffitt, Charles R., Pueyo, Laurent, Neira, Irma Aracely Quispe, Radich, Armando, Rager, Reiko T., Rameau, Julien, Ramey, Deborah D., Alarcon, Rafael Ramos, Rampini, Riccardo, Rapp, Robert, Rashford, Robert A., Rauscher, Bernard J., Ravindranath, Swara, Rawle, Timothy, Rawlings, Tynika N., Ray, Tom, Regan, Michael W., Rehm, Brian, Rehm, Kenneth D., Reid, Neill, Reis, Carl A., Renk, Florian, Reoch, Tom B., Ressler, Michael, Rest, Armin W., Reynolds, Paul J., Richon, Joel G., Richon, Karen V., Ridgaway, Michael, Riedel, Adric Richard, Rieke, George H., Rieke, Marcia, Rifelli, Richard E., Rigby, Jane R., Riggs, Catherine S., Ringel, Nancy J., Ritchie, Christine E., Rix, Hans-Walter, Robberto, Massimo, Robinson, Michael S., Robinson, Orion, Rock, Frank W., Rodriguez, David R., del Pino, Bruno Rodríguez, Roellig, Thomas, Rohrbach, Scott O., Roman, Anthony J., Romelfanger, Frederick J., Romo Jr., Felipe P., Rosales, Jose J., Rose, Perry, Roteliuk, Anthony F., Roth, Marc N., Rothwell, Braden Quinn, Rouzaud, Sylvain, Rowe, Jason, Rowlands, Neil, Roy, Arpita, Royer, Pierre, Rui, Chunlei, Rumler, Peter, Rumpl, William, Russ, Melissa L., Ryan, Michael B., Ryan, Richard M., Saad, Karl, Sabata, Modhumita, Sabatino, Rick, Sabbi, Elena, Sabelhaus, Phillip A., Sabia, Stephen, Sahu, Kailash C., Saif, Babak N., Salvignol, Jean-Christophe, Samara-Ratna, Piyal, Samuelson, Bridget S., Sanders, Felicia A., Sappington, Bradley, Sargent, B. A., Sauer, Arne, Savadkin, Bruce J., Sawicki, Marcin, Schappell, Tina M., Scheffer, Caroline, Scheithauer, Silvia, Scherer, Ron, Schiff, Conrad, Schlawin, Everett, Schmeitzky, Olivier, Schmitz, Tyler S., Schmude, Donald J., Schneider, Analyn, Schreiber, Jürgen, Schroeven-Deceuninck, Hilde, Schultz, John J., Schwab, Ryan, Schwartz, Curtis H., Scoccimarro, Dario, Scott, John F., Scott, Michelle B., Seaton, Bonita L., Seely, Bruce S., Seery, Bernard, Seidleck, Mark, Sembach, Kenneth, Shanahan, Clare Elizabeth, Shaughnessy, Bryan, Shaw, Richard A., Shay, Christopher Michael, Sheehan, Even, Sheth, Kartik, Shih, Hsin-Yi, Shivaei, Irene, Siegel, Noah, Sienkiewicz, Matthew G., Simmons, Debra D., Simon, Bernard P., Sirianni, Marco, Sivaramakrishnan, Anand, Slade, Jeffrey E., Sloan, G. C., Slocum, Christine E., Slowinski, Steven E., Smith, Corbett T., Smith, Eric P., Smith, Erin C., Smith, Koby, Smith, Robert, Smith, Stephanie J., Smolik, John L., Soderblom, David R., Sohn, Sangmo Tony, Sokol, Jeff, Sonneborn, George, Sontag, Christopher D., Sooy, Peter R., Soummer, Remi, Southwood, Dana M., Spain, Kay, Sparmo, Joseph, Speer, David T., Spencer, Richard, Sprofera, Joseph D., Stallcup, Scott S., Stanley, Marcia K., Stansberry, John A., Stark, Christopher C., Starr, Carl W., Stassi, Diane Y., Steck, Jane A., Steeley, Christine D., Stephens, Matthew A., Stephenson, Ralph J., Stewart, Alphonso C., Stiavelli, Massimo, Stockman Jr., Hervey, Strada, Paolo, Straughn, Amber N., Streetman, Scott, Strickland, David Kendal, Strobele, Jingping F., Stuhlinger, Martin, Stys, Jeffrey Edward, Such, Miguel, Sukhatme, Kalyani, Sullivan, Joseph F., Sullivan, Pamela C., Sumner, Sandra M., Sun, Fengwu, Sunnquist, Benjamin Dale, Swade, Daryl Allen, Swam, Michael S., Swenton, Diane F., Swoish, Robby A., Litten, Oi In Tam, Tamas, Laszlo, Tao, Andrew, Taylor, David K., Taylor, Joanna M., Plate, Maurice te, Van Tea, Mason, Teague, Kelly K., Telfer, Randal C., Temim, Tea, Texter, Scott C., Thatte, Deepashri G., Thompson, Christopher Lee, Thompson, Linda M., Thomson, Shaun R., Thronson, Harley, Tierney, C. M., Tikkanen, Tuomo, Tinnin, Lee, Tippet, William Thomas, Todd, Connor William, Tran, Hien D., Trauger, John, Trejo, Edwin Gregorio, Truong, Justin Hoang Vinh, Tsukamoto, Christine L., Tufail, Yasir, Tumlinson, Jason, Tustain, Samuel, Tyra, Harrison, Ubeda, Leonardo, Underwood, Kelli, Uzzo, Michael A., Vaclavik, Steven, Valenduc, Frida, Valenti, Jeff A., Van Campen, Julie, van de Wetering, Inge, Van Der Marel, Roeland P., van Haarlem, Remy, Vandenbussche, Bart, Vanterpool, Dona D., Vernoy, Michael R., Costas, Maria Begoña Vila, Volk, Kevin, Voorzaat, Piet, Voyton, Mark F., Vydra, Ekaterina, Waddy, Darryl J., Waelkens, Christoffel, Wahlgren, Glenn Michael, Walker Jr., Frederick E., Wander, Michel, Warfield, Christine K., Warner, Gerald, Wasiak, Francis C., Wasiak, Matthew F., Wehner, James, Weiler, Kevin R., Weilert, Mark, Weiss, Stanley B., Wells, Martyn, Welty, Alan D., Wheate, Lauren, Wheeler, Thomas P., White, Christy L., Whitehouse, Paul, Whiteleather, Jennifer Margaret, Whitman, William Russell, Williams, Christina C., Willmer, Christopher N. A., Willott, Chris J., Willoughby, Scott P., Wilson, Andrew, Wilson, Debra, Wilson, Donna V., Windhorst, Rogier, Wislowski, Emily Christine, Wolfe, David J., Wolfe, Michael A., Wolff, Schuyler, Wondel, Amancio, Woo, Cindy, Woods, Robert T., Worden, Elaine, Workman, William, Wright, Gillian S., Wu, Carl, Wu, Chi-Rai, Wun, Dakin D., Wymer, Kristen B., Yadetie, Thomas, Yan, Isabelle C., Yang, Keith C., Yates, Kayla L., Yeager, Christopher R., Yerger, Ethan John, Young, Erick T., Young, Gary, Yu, Gene, Yu, Susan, Zak, Dean S., Zeidler, Peter, Zepp, Robert, Zhou, Julia, Zincke, Christian A., Zonak, Stephanie, and Zondag, Elisabeth

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Twenty-six years ago a small committee report, building on earlier studies, expounded a compelling and poetic vision for the future of astronomy, calling for an infrared-optimized space telescope with an aperture of at least $4m$. With the support of their governments in the US, Europe, and Canada, 20,000 people realized that vision as the $6.5m$ James Webb Space Telescope. A generation of astronomers will celebrate their accomplishments for the life of the mission, potentially as long as 20 years, and beyond. This report and the scientific discoveries that follow are extended thank-you notes to the 20,000 team members. The telescope is working perfectly, with much better image quality than expected. In this and accompanying papers, we give a brief history, describe the observatory, outline its objectives and current observing program, and discuss the inventions and people who made it possible. We cite detailed reports on the design and the measured performance on orbit., Comment: Accepted by PASP for the special issue on The James Webb Space Telescope Overview, 29 pages, 4 figures

Published
2023
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36. Elucidating Synergies of Single‐Atom Catalysts in a Model Thin Film Photoelectrocatalyst to Maximize Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

Author

Zichu Zhao, Cheryl Suwen Law, Yanzhang Zhao, Jairo Alberto Baron Jaimez, Amin Talebian‐Kiakalaieh, Haobo Li, Jingrun Ran, Yan Jiao, Andrew D. Abell, and Abel Santos

Subjects
hydrogen evolution reactions, materials design, semiconductor thin films, single atom photoelectrocatalysts, Science
Abstract

Abstract Realization of the full potential of single‐atom photoelectrocatalysts in sustainable energy generation requires careful consideration of the design of the host material. Here, a comprehensive methodology for the rational design of photoelectrocatalysts using anodic titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanofilm as a model platform is presented. The properties of these nanofilms are precisely engineered to elucidate synergies across structural, chemical, optoelectronic, and electrochemical properties to maximize the efficiency of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). These findings clearly demonstrate that thicker TiO2 nanofilms in anatase phase with pits on the surface can accommodate single‐atom platinum catalysts in an optimal configuration to increase HER performance. It is also evident that the electrolyte temperature can further enhance HER output through thermochemical effect. A judicious design incorporating all these factors into one system gives rise to a ten‐fold HER enhancement. However, the reusability of the host photoelectrocatalyst is limited by the leaching of the Pt atom, worsening HER. Density‐functional theory calculations have provided insights into the mechanism underlying the experimental observations in terms of moderate hydrogen adsorption and enhanced gas generation. This improved understanding of the critical factors determining HER performance in a model photoelectrocatalyst paves the way for future advances in scalable and translatable photoelectrocatalyst technologies.

Published
2024
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37. Semiconductor Nanoporous Anodic Alumina Photonic Crystals as a Model Photoelectrocatalytic Platform for Solar Light‐Driven Reactions

Author

Van Truc Ngo, Siew Yee Lim, Cheryl Suwen Law, Juan Wang, Mahmoud Adel Hamza, Andrew D. Abell, Huayang Zhang, and Abel Santos

Subjects
distributed Bragg reflectors, nanoporous anodic alumina, photoelectrocatalysis, photonic crystals, slow photons, Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, TD1-1066, Renewable energy sources, TJ807-830
Abstract

In this study, nanoporous anodic alumina distributed‐Bragg reflectors (NAA–DBRs) functionalized with tungsten trioxide (WO3) are used as prototype photoelectrocatalysts (PEC) for harnessing the slow photon effect to maximize photon‐to‐electron conversion efficiency under UV–visible–NIR illumination. NAA–DBR structures are structurally engineered by anodization, where their characteristic photonic stopband is precisely tuned along specific positions of the UV–visible spectrum. Subsequent atomic layer deposition is employed to coat the inner surface of these porous structures with WO3 semiconductor layers. Upon the application of overpotential bias, these platforms reveal excellent electron–hole pair separation to boost photoelectrocatalytic reactions. Photoelectrochemical degradation of methylene blue is used as a model reaction to elucidate enhancements associated with structural and optoelectronic arrangements. Notably, precise spectral alignment between the photonic stopband's red edge and the absorbance band of methylene blue enhances the degradation performance through the slow photon effect. Applying an overpotential bias further improves the photodegradation performance through efficient charge separation. These systems outperform comparable structures in this model reaction, achieving a maximum kinetic rate of 13.7 ± 2.0 h−1. The findings create new opportunities to develop high‐performing PEC technologies harnessing light–matter interactions.

Published
2024
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42. Understanding the Priorities and Practices of Rural Science Teachers: Implications for Designing Professional Learning

Author

Wingert, Kerri, Jacobs, Jennifer, Lindsay, William, Lo, Abraham S., Herrmann-Abell, Cari F., and Penuel, William R.

Abstract

In order to design professional learning that supports rural science teachers to effectively implement standards-based "five-dimensional" (5D) instructional and assessment practices, a critical first step is to elicit their perspectives, prior experiences, concerns, and interests. Based on survey data from 87 rural science teachers in Colorado, along with focus group sessions with 18 of those teachers, this article investigates teachers' perspectives on what makes rural science teaching unique, the degree to which they use 5D science instruction, their curricular and assessment resources, and their professional learning experiences and preferences. Overall, rural science teachers in Colorado reported using rich practices for engaging students' interests and identities in the pursuit of high-quality engagement, and they expressed a need for more science-specific professional learning and materials distribution. Implications for designing professional learning opportunities for rural science teachers are offered.

Published
2022

43. Supporting Executive Function in Schools: A Look at Three Promising Program Models. The Abell Report. Volume 35, No. 1

Author

Abell Foundation and Lohnes, Sarah

Abstract

A small but growing cadre of schools and districts across the nation are turning to interventions rooted in brain science to complement or replace core curricula. Such programs target a related set of cognitive processes, known as executive function (EF), that are key to learning. Executive function skills are essential for planning, executing, and monitoring goal-directed behavior, and are therefore central to problem-solving and learning. While all students can benefit from these programs, because of a strong connection between trauma, poverty, and altered executive function, students in schools and districts in areas of concentrated poverty may benefit the most from targeted EF programs. This paper set out to understand the potential for EF training programs to support students in one urban district--Baltimore City Public Schools (BCPSS). It draws from interviews with program developers and administrators in Baltimore and other districts to understand the use of evidence-based and promising EF programs and gather lessons learned and recommendations for interested schools and districts.

Published
2022

44. The Power of a Star Rating: Differential Effects of Customer Rating Formats on Magnitude Perceptions and Consumer Reactions.

Author

Abell, Annika, Morgan, Carter, and Romero, Marisabel

Subjects
CONSUMER attitudes, CONSUMERS, CONSUMER behavior, COMMERCIAL product evaluation, WEBSITES, INTERNET marketing
Abstract

Average product ratings are displayed on many major websites, including online retailers, search engines, and social media sites. Research in both academia and industry has shown that consumers rely heavily on product ratings when making purchase decisions. Websites may show customer ratings in different shapes, colors, or formats. For example, some websites present their rating in a numerical format (e.g., 4.0/5) while others utilize an analog format (e.g.,). The present research investigates how a website's rating presentation may influence magnitude perceptions of the rating, which subsequently affect choices and purchase intentions. The authors propose and find that when the average customer rating is at or above the midpoint (i.e.,.5–.9) of each rating level (i.e., 1–5 on a five-point scale), the numerical (vs. analog) rating format is perceived to be lower in magnitude due to left-digit anchoring, leading to differences in choice likelihood, purchase intent, and ad click likelihood for products and services. Across nine experiments, including an eye-tracking study and a multiple-ad study without holdout, the findings show robust evidence for the proposed effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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45. Branched-chain keto acids inhibit mitochondrial pyruvate carrier and suppress gluconeogenesis in hepatocytes.

Author

Nishi, Kiyoto, Yoshii, Akira, Abell, Lauren, Zhou, Bo, Ritterhoff, Julia, McMillen, Timothy, Sweet, Ian, Wang, Yibin, Gao, Chen, Tian, Rong, and Frausto, Ricardo

Subjects
CP: Metabolism, branched-chain amino acids, branched-chain keto acids, gluconeogenesis, mitochondrial pyruvate carrier, pyruvate, Mice, Animals, Keto Acids, Monocarboxylic Acid Transporters, Gluconeogenesis, Amino Acids, Branched-Chain, Hepatocytes, Pyruvates, Glucose
Abstract

Branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism is linked to glucose homeostasis, but the underlying signaling mechanisms are unclear. We find that gluconeogenesis is reduced in mice deficient of Ppm1k, a positive regulator of BCAA catabolism, which protects against obesity-induced glucose intolerance. Accumulation of branched-chain keto acids (BCKAs) inhibits glucose production in hepatocytes. BCKAs suppress liver mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) activity and pyruvate-supported respiration. Pyruvate-supported gluconeogenesis is selectively suppressed in Ppm1k-deficient mice and can be restored with pharmacological activation of BCKA catabolism by BT2. Finally, hepatocytes lack branched-chain aminotransferase that alleviates BCKA accumulation via reversible conversion between BCAAs and BCKAs. This renders liver MPC most susceptible to circulating BCKA levels hence a sensor of BCAA catabolism.

Published
2023

49. Language Choices in Interracial Marriage: An Insight into Malay-Melanau Families in Sarikei, East Malaysia

Author

Gelson Peter, Dexter Sigan John, Feona Albert Abell, and Keezrawati Mujan Yusuf

Subjects
interracial marriage, language choice, language dominant, language shift, malay-melanau, Language and Literature, English language, PE1-3729, Oriental languages and literatures, PJ
Abstract

This study aims to identify the language choices within interracial marriages, focusing specifically on Malay-Melanau families in Sarikei, Sarawak, East Malaysia. The primary objectives are (1) to investigate the language choices among Malay-Melanau families in Sarikei and (2) examine factors influencing their choices. A sample of 14 respondents, all hailing from Malay-Melanau backgrounds and married for over five years, was selected using purposive sampling methods. Employing a mixed-method approach, respondents completed a Google Form questionnaire comprising both open and close-ended queries. The findings underscore a prevailing inclination towards Malay as the preferred language within the household. This preference appears to be chiefly influenced by two key factors: parental guidance and immediate surroundings. Notably, the language predominantly spoken by the parents cohabiting with the couples significantly influences their linguistic selection. The study highlights the critical role of parental language choices and the immediate environment in shaping the language dynamics within these families. Additionally, it emphasizes the necessity of promoting awareness regarding language preservation, particularly the nurturing of less-dominant languages spoken within the home environment. Efforts in this direction are essential for fostering linguistic diversity and cultural vitality within mixed-ethnicity households. By understanding these dynamics, stakeholders can better support policies and initiatives that encourage the maintenance of linguistic heritage in multicultural contexts.

Published
2024
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50. Structure-preserving techniques in accelerator physics

Author

Abell, Dan T. and Dragt, Alex J.

Subjects
Physics - Accelerator Physics, Physics - Computational Physics
Abstract

To a very good approximation, particularly for hadron machines, charged-particle trajectories in accelerators obey Hamiltonian mechanics. During routine storage times of eight hours or more, such particles execute some $10^{8}$ revolutions about the machine, $10^{10}$ oscillations about the design orbit, and $10^{13}$ passages through various bending and focusing elements. Prior to building, or modifying, such a machine, we seek to identify accurately the long-term behavior and stability of particle orbits over such large numbers of interactions. This demanding computational effort does not yield easily to traditional methods of symplectic numerical integration, including both explicit Yoshida-type and implicit Runge-Kutta or Gaussian methods. As an alternative, one may compute an approximate one-turn map and then iterate that map. We describe some of the essential considerations and techniques for constructing such maps to high order and for realistic magnetic field models. Particular attention is given to preserving the symplectic condition characteristic of Hamiltonian mechanics., Comment: 28 pages, 5 figures

Published
2022
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