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Purpose This study aims to propose optimised function-based evolutionary algorithms in this research to effectively replace the traditional electronic circuitry used in linearising constant temperature anemometer (CTA) and Microbridge mass flow sensor AWM 5000. Design/methodology/approach The proposed linearisation technique effectively uses the ratiometric function for the linearisation of CTA and Microbridge mass flow sensor AWM 5000. In addition, the well-known transfer relation, namely, the King’s Law is used for the linearisation of CTA and successfully implemented using LabVIEW 7.1. Findings Investigational results unveil that the proposed evolutionary optimised linearisation technique performs better in linearisation of both CTA and Mass flow sensors, and hence finds applications for computer-based flow measurement/control systems. Originality/value The evolutionary optimisation algorithms such as the real-coded genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimisation algorithm, differential evolution algorithm and covariance matrix adopted evolutionary strategy algorithm are used to determine the optimal values of the parameters present in the proposed ratiometric function. The performance measures, namely, the full-scale error and mean square error are used to analyse the overall performance of the proposed approach is compared to a state of art techniques available in the literature.

A tin(IV) chloride promoted (3 + 2) annulation of trans-2-aroyl-3-styrylcyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxylates with nitriles is reported. The transformation involves the Lewis acid assisted formation of 1,5-dipolar intermediates from the cyclopropane dicarboxylates and nitriles followed by cyclization. The reactions proceed in a highly diastereoselective manner and afford 5-vinyl-1-pyrroline derivatives in 60–88% yields.

The chemistry of donor-acceptor (D-A) cyclopropanes containing alkyl donors has been scantily investigated. In the present work, we have synthesized new D-A cyclopropanes containing arylethyl donors and explored their reactivity in the presence of Lewis acids. Upon treatment with SnCl

Agroforestry benefits farmers, making it a sustainable alternative to monoculture. To create a viable Eucalyptus clone-based agroforestry system, a field experiment was carried out in Tamil Nadu, India. The economics and changes in the soil qualities were evaluated by growing agricultural and horticultural crops, namely pearl millet, sorghum, maize, sesame, small onions, green gram, and red gram, as intercrops under eight-month-old eucalyptus clone trees using a randomised block design in three replications at a spacing of 3 m × 1.5 m. The plots for the intercrops and the eucalyptus clones were kept apart for comparison. Maize showed the greatest drop in plant height during all the phases, including 30 DAS, 60 DAS, and harvest, while small onions showed the least reduction in plant height. Sesame and small onions showed the greatest drop in dry matter production, whereas sorghum showed the least. In terms of the intercrop yield reduction, maize had the biggest reduction and green gram had the lowest. Red gram had the largest crop equivalent yield, whereas maize had the lowest. The volume of the trees was generally increased more favourably by red gram than by green gram. The intercrops had some effects on the nutrients in the soil. Red gram intercropping had the highest levels of EC, soil organic carbon, available soil nitrogen, available soil phosphorus, and available soil potassium, while the sole tree treatment had the lowest levels. Small onions, red gram, and sesame were the crops; tree + small onion, tree + red gram, and tree + sesame were the intercrop combinations with the highest gross income, net income, and B:C in the intercropping treatment alone. Tree + green gram had the highest land equivalent ratio (LER) and the red gram, sesame, and small onion intercrops were shown to be the most profitable. Although the present study supports a complementary relationship, the lack of awareness among farmers of Eucalyptus allelopathy formed the major limitation.

A tin(iv) chloride promoted (3 + 2) annulation of

The larvicidal property of aqueous extracts of different plant parts of milk weed plant viz., leaves, stem, flower and roots were studied on III, IV, V instar larval stages of the Helicoverpa armigera at two, four, six, eight and 10 per cent concentrations. The results indicated the five plant parts extract caused significant larval mortality. But the mortality was the maximum (80.00%) when aqueous leaf extract at 10 per cent concentration was used on second instar larvae of H. armigera. The mortality rate was high in second instar larvae and gradually decreased in the third, fourth and fifth instars larvae. As the larvae became older, the mortality was nil in the fifth instar larvae. In leaf extract, the mortality per cent got reduced from 83.33 to 76.66 per cent in third instar and 63.33 per cent in fourth instar. The flower extract was treated on different larval instars at various concentrations and from the results, it was observed that 10 per cent extract caused larval mortality to an extent of 66.66, 53.33 and 20.00 per cent on third, fourth and fifth instars respectively. The root extract was less effective and caused 36.66 per cent mortality in second instar. This percentage got reduced when it was treated on the succeeding larval instars, namely third, fourth and fifth instar. The whole plant extract showed greater mortality next to leaf and flower extract at 10 per cent concentration and caused larval mortality to an extent of 63.33, 46.66 and 16.66 per cent on third, fourth and fifth instar.

Tuberculosis is the maximum life-threatening ailment that is the result of the species of pathogenic bacteria named Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Nowadays, loss of life rates due to tuberculosis growing gradually. So, the early detection of the disease is the most vital component to be considered. Recent studies primarily based on the Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) sputum smear microscopy image which contains the ailment statistics of patients who gave their sputum samples to the laboratory for the examination. The motive of this work is to categorize the sputum images based on bacillus present in it and to lessen the dependency of technicians and pathologists through automated detection. In this work, the pre-processing is performed on ZN based sputum images by using noise reduction and intensity modification. Segmentation is based totally on the Channel Area Thresholding (CAT) that is the multilevel-thresholding method. Further, features inclusive of Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG), Speed up Robust Feature (SURF) is extracted. Classification is performed using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) classifier and it classifies the bacillus as mild, moderate and severe primarily based at the wide variety of pixels with 99.5 percentage accuracy, 94.7 percent sensitivity, and 99 percent specificity.

Out of 66.00% of rural population in India, majority are landless labours depending on the mercy of employment providers for their livelihood. This population is the most vulnerable section to poverty, underemployment, access to development, etc. Therefore the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) has been implemented by the Government of India to improve the living standards of rural poor. This study conducted in Erode district of Tamil Nadu revealed that major impacts of MGNREGA activities on agriculture were in the aspects like soil ecology attributes, water attributes, crop attributes, society attributes, economics attributes, market attributes and labour availability attributes. Majority of the respondents expressed that soil moisture, water percolation, ground water table, area under irrigation, area under cultivation, adoption of crop management technologies, social participation and farm mechanization had increased with improvement in water holding capacity, soil texture, knowledge and skill on crop production due to the activities undertaken under MGNREGA programme.

An unsophisticated process is presented to obtain constant temperature anemometer (CTA) linearised outcomes. In order to improve the CTA linearity the objective function of the nonlinear ratio metric logarithmic is used in the determination of minimising the optimal values of mean square error which enhance the performances of the CTA signal linearity. The evolutionary strategy assumes to have reliably process of generating the optimal values and linearised the function by using multi objective covariance matrix adapted evolution strategy (MO-CMAES). The obtain value is hired with the parameters of various linearization to normalize the optimal values. The proposed approach is implemented and simulated the outcomes by using Lab VIEW 7.1. Experimental analysis is carried out with the evaluation of root mean square error and full-scale error. It is preserved for associating the proposed performances with the methods of a transducer's reported of linearization. Experimental outcomes sustain that the optimised process of proposed evolutionary approach of nonlinear function is linearized with better improvement in CTA linearisation and it performed the system measurement and control process.