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The article considers the results of applying a multi-layer approach to the quantitative interpretation of electrical and induction logging data in vertical wells for formation evaluation of the Achimov formation in the central part of Western Siberia. Interpretation of electrical logging data by conventional methods often leads to errors in estimating the oil saturation of thin reservoirs due to the complex apparent resistivity logs, which are significantly influenced by the high-contrast invaded zones and shoulder beds. The approach proposed at Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences is based on joint multilayer 2D inversion of signals from a complex of galvanic and induction probes. The signals are calculated using a verified finite element algorithm. This naturally takes into account changes in the well diameter and drilling mud resistivity, radial and vertical distribution of electrical properties in the section, different sensitivity of the signals to various elements of the environment around the logging tool, as well as design parameters of the most common Russian electrical logging tools. The approach has been tested on logging data provided under an agreement with SNIIGGiMS. Geoelectric models of Lower Cretaceous deposits were built for several dozen wells, typical examples of which are given in the article.

The presented research is carried out in continuation of the works connected with studying the nature of radioactivity of drainage waters of quarries of Novosibirsk region, performed by the Laboratory of Hydrogeology of Sedimentary Basins of Siberia, INGG SB RAS, which showed that the waters of granite quarries are characterized by significantly higher radioactivity, than waters of other host rocks. The results of detailed mineralogical and geochemical studies of granitoids of the Ob-Zaisan region within the Kolyvan-Tom folded system are presented for the first time. The relevance of the present study is determined by the previously obtained data on high concentrations of uranium, thorium, and radon in drainage water of quarries developed in this territory. The granitoids of the Priobsky (Obsky and Novosibirsk massifs) and Barlak complexes were studied. It was established that the rocks of the complexes differ significantly in the spectrum of accessory minerals, which acted as the concentrators of natural radioactive and rare-earth elements: in the Barlak, in addition to apatite, sphene, and zircon, typical for all phases of the intrusion, fluorite, topaz, rutile, and minerals enriched with rare-earth elements are found: monazite, xenotime, bastnesite, parisite, less often uraninite. It was shown that a wide range of mineral-concentrators of radioactive and rare-earth elements determines higher concentrations of radionuclides in groundwater of the Barlak granitoid complex. Maximum uranium concentrations are one order of magnitude and those of thorium are two orders of magnitude higher in the groundwater of the Barlak granitoid complex compared to those of the Priobsky granitoid complex. The following peak concentrations, mg/dm3, were established in the groundwater of the studied granitoid complexes: 238U up to 1.40 and 232Th up to 2.16 · 10–3. One can predict a high background of radionuclides in the groundwater of the Barlak and Priobsky granitoid complexes, within the ranges, mg/dm3: 238U from 0.1 · 10–3 to 1.40 and 232Th from 1 · 10–6 to 2.16 · 10–3. Radon 222Rn activity in the groundwater ranges 1–50 Bq/dm3 in the contact zones of granitoids with different-aged sedimentary rocks to 600–5,000 Bq/dm3 in the areas of granitoids occurrence.

Objective. To study the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in adult hospitalized patients after the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods. The prospective multicenter study included patients 18 years and older with confirmed diagnosis of CAP admitted to 6 hospitals in different regions of Russia from July to November 2023. Etiology was confirmed by respiratory samples (sputum, tracheal aspirate) culture, blood culture (severe cases), and urinary antigen tests (Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1, Streptococcus pneumoniae). Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, and common respiratory viruses were identified using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in respiratory samples. Qualitative PCR for S. pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae DNA tests were also applied. Results. Altogether 152 patients were enrolled, and significant CAP pathogens were identified in 96 (63%) cases; the median age of patients with verified etiology of CAP was 45 [34.8; 66] years, comorbidity index was 0.5 (0; 3.0) points. The most frequently detected pathogens were M. pneumoniae – 42 (44%), rhinovirus – 23 (24%), S. pneumoniae – 17 (18%) and SARS-CoV-2 – 13 (14%). Coinfection was registered in 22% of cases, the most common associations were M. pneumoniae + rhinovirus – 5 (3.3%), S. pneumoniae + rhinovirus – 3 (2%). Pneumococcal bacteremia was detected in 1 patient. In most patients CAP was non-severe; 17 (18%) patients required admission to the ICU. Hospital mortality was 7%. Conclusions. M. pneumoniae, respiratory viruses (mainly rhinovirus and SARS-CoV-2), and S. pneumoniae were the predominant CAP pathogens in hospitalized adults with CAP in the first months after the COVID-19 pandemiс. The use of an integrated approach to etiological diagnosis can significantly increase the proportion of patients with an established etiology of CAP.

Introduction. In modern surgery, there are many types of different energy used to achieve hemostasis; one of them is the energy of argon plasma coagulation. However, the impact of energy affects not only the bleeding site; it also affects the stitches lying nearby the source of bleeding. The instructions for the use of a suture material or a coagulation tool do not describe the changes that may occur when they interact. A review of the literature found a small number of publications devoted to changes in the physical properties of suture material when exposed to it. This information is not sufficient to predict the effects of argon plasma coagulation energy on the suture material and, as a result, on wound healing or the quality of the postoperative scar.The objective was to determine changes in the biodestructive properties of synthetic absorbable suture materials with argon plasma coagulation in an in vivo experiment.Methods and materials. In the experimental study, the results of biodegradation of monofilament and polyfilament sutures after exposure to argon plasma coagulation energy were analyzed in comparison with control samples in the body of laboratory mice.Results. It can be unequivocally stated that the effect of argon plasma coagulation energy has an effect on the rate of biodegradation of both monofilament and polyfilament synthetic filaments implanted in muscle tissue.Conclusions. Suture material exposed to argon plasma coagulation may not meet the terms of partial or full biodegradation stated by the manufacturer, which may affect the quality of scar formation.

Objective. To study the prevalence and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance, including carbapenemase production, in clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli isolated in different regions of Russia as part of the sentinel multicenter surveillance study in 2020–2021, and to explore the population structure of K. pneumoniae and the impact of “high-risk clones” on antibiotic resistance. Materials and Methods. Consecutive, non-duplicate isolates of K. pneumoniae (n = 2503) and E. coli (n = 2055) isolated from various specimens (blood, cerebrospinal fluid, respiratory samples, urine, wound secretions, etc.) of hospitalized patients with clinical signs of infection in 55 hospitals of 29 cities of Russia were studied. Species identification of isolates was performed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Antibiotic susceptibilities were determined by serial broth microdilution or, in the case of fosfomycin, by agar dilution method, and results were interpreted according to EUCAST v13 MIC breakpoints. Carbapenemase production was determined phenotypically by carbapenem inactivation method (CIM), the presence of genes of the most common serine carbapenemases (KPC, OXA-48) and metallo-β-lactamases (VIM, IMP, NDM) was determined by real-time PCR. K. pneumoniae clinical isolates were genotyped and assigned to the known clonal complexes (CC) and sequence types (ST) using SNP typing and multilocus sequencing typing (MLST) methods. K- and O-serotypes, acquired resistance and virulence genes, and plasmids carrying these genes were characterized using whole-genome sequencing of selected isolates (n = 215). Results. The resistance rates of nosocomial/community-acquired isolates of K. pneumoniae were as follows: amoxicillin-clavulanate – 88.63/57.99%, piperacillin-tazobactam – 82.92/45.49%, cefotaxime – 87.74/56.97%, ceftazidime – 84.76/53.07%, cefepime – 81.43/49.18%, aztreonam – 1.63/53.28%, ceftazidime-avibactam – 30, 88/9.22%, ceftolozan-tazobactam – 70.06/31.35%, ertapenem – 72.10/28.69%, meropenem – 49.60/15.16%, imipenem – 44.54/13.73%, gentamicin – 60.82/30.33%, amikacin – 42.06/17.21%, ciprofloxacin – 85.10/49.39%; trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole – 74.38/48.16%, colistin – 5.96/2.25%. The resistance of nosocomial/outpatient isolates of E. coli were: ampicillin – 84.93/67.67%, amoxicillin-clavulanate – 57.37/39.73%, piperacillin-tazobactam – 19.48/8.70%, cefotaxime – 63.83/34.19%, ceftazidime – 45.32/20.34%, cefepime – 35.95/16.61%, aztreonam – 51.78/26.11%, ceftazidime-avibactam – 5.71/0.80%, ceftolozane-tazobactam – 11, 95/2.22%, ertapenem – 8.18/1.42%, meropenem – 5.17/0.53%, imipenem – 4.95/0.36%, gentamicin – 24.54/13.68%, amikacin – 5.49/1.42%, ciprofloxacin – 54, 14/32.50%, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole – 52.21/38.54%, fosfomycin – 2.48/1.43%, colistin – 1.60/1.07%, tigecycline – 6.35/3.11%. The frequency of carbapenemase production among K. pneumoniae nosocomial isolates was 65.32% (OXA-48 – 40.75%, NDM – 30.28%, KPC – 8.74%, OXA-48 + NDM – 10.62%, OXA-48 + KPC – 2.98%, NDM + KPC – 0.45%, OXA-48 + NDM + KPC – 0.20%). More than 70% of nosocomial isolates of K. pneumoniae belonged to only 7 major genetic lineages known as “high-risk international clones”: CC395 – 37.40%, CC23 – 9.59%, CC307 – 8.64%, CC147 – 7.61%, CC15 – 2.95%, CC258 – 2.92%, and CC11 – 2.41%. The population of community-acquired K. pneumoniae was characterized by significantly greater genetic diversity (Simpson diversity index: D = 0.919; 95% CI: 0.904 to 0.933) compared with the population of nosocomial strains (Simpson diversity index: D = 0.815; 95% CI: 0.802 to 0.827). Strains of the “hypervirulent” genetic lineage of K. pneumoniae CC23 were more common in community-acquired infections. Conclusions. The extremely high frequency of resistance to cephalosporins in K. pneumoniae (> 80%) and E. coli (> 60%), as well as the high frequency of combined resistance to aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones precludes their empirical use for the treatment of serious nosocomial infections caused by these pathogens. K. pneumoniae shows a rapid increase in resistance to carbapenems, mainly due to the spread of carbapenemases of three major groups: OXA-48, NDM and KPC. The overall increase in the frequency of carbapenemase production is accompanied by the growing diversity of carbapenemases, the increasing prevalence of strains producing NDM and KPC enzymes and those co-producing multiple carbapenemases simultaneously. In community-acquired infections, the high prevalence of resistance to cephalosporins in E. coli (> 30%) and K. pneumoniae (> 50%) remains the most important problem.

Nosocomial pneumonia is a healthcare-associated infection with significant consequences for the patient and the healthcare system. The efficacy of treatment significantly depends on the timeliness and adequacy of the antibiotic therapy regimen. The growth of resistance of gram-negative pathogens of nosocomial pneumonia to antimicrobial agents increases the risk of prescribing inadequate empirical therapy, which worsens the results of patient treatment. Identification of risk factors for infection with multidrug-resistant microorganisms, careful local microbiological monitoring with detection of resistance mechanisms, implementation of antimicrobial therapy control strategy and use of rational combinations of antibacterial drugs are of great importance. In addition, the importance of using new drugs with activity against carbapenem-resistant strains, including ceftazidime/aviabactam, must be understood. This review outlines the current data on the etiology, features of diagnosis and antibacterial therapy of nosocomial pneumonia.

The article studies the economic consequences of harmful effects on the environment. A mathematical model has been developed for the analysis of environmental risk factors. When constructing a model, the probability of an insured event depending on time is taken into account. It is shown that different probabilistic impact models can be used for different categories of risk factors. The development of a dynamic model is based on the methods of probability theory, actuarial mathematics and, accordingly, on the, numerical methods and simulation methods. Analytical expressions for the risk factor integral value of environmental management are obtained in the work. The mathematical calculation of the distribution function, or the survival function before the time period occurrence of an insured event in different cases is performed, namely: in the case of a risk factor with a constant intensity, in the case of gradually emerging risk factors with their constant intensities, in the case when the survival function is decreasing at a linear rate, as well as in the case when equipment wear and tear leads to an exponential increase in the risk intensity.

In clinical practice, differences in the efficacy of tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors (iTNF-α) have been observed in different diseases.Objective: to evaluate the efficacy of iTNF-α in patients with immune-mediated diseases and its relation to the immunogenicity of these drugs.Material and methods. The study included 70 patients with rheumatic diseases (RD) and 53 with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treated with infliximab (IFN), adalimumab, or certolizumab pegol (CZP). Disease activity and response to therapy were evaluated, as well as measurement of the minimal residual concentration of iTNF-α and the level of anti-drug antibodies.Results and discussion. Therapy efficacy was maintained in 60 (85.7%) patients with RD and 35 (66.0%) with IBD (odds ratio, OR 1.3; p=0.01). Event-free survival of therapy was observed more frequently in RD and was longer than in IBD (p

Objective. To analyse aggregated AST results for key microorganisms collected through the 2022 reports of chief specialists in clinical microbiology and antimicrobial resistance. Materials and Methods. The study included an analysis of the interpretation criteria used in the laboratories and an evaluation of the AST reports. Data were obtained from the clinical microbiology and antimicrobial resistance annual reporting system. Reports were analyzed using EUCAST guidelines for expected resistance phenotypes and expected susceptible phenotypes. Data processing and analysis were realized using the «R» programming language. The 95% CI for the percentages of inaccuracies/errors distributed by federal districts was calculated using the Wilson method. Results. A combination of several interpretation standards was used in 27.78% of laboratories, MUK 4.2.1890-04 was noted as one of the options in 57.6% of laboratories. Irrelevant standards of interpretation with a lag of 1 year or more were used in a significant number of cases. The highest percentage of errors/ inaccuracies by the type «expected resistance» was observed for A. baumannii – 14,06% (N = 9163), E. faecium – 8,05% (N = 3451) and S. pneumoniae – 6,18% (N = 2779). «Susceptibility categorization in the absence of interpretive breakpoints» was highest for S. aureus – 13.24% (N = 19784) and S. pneumoniae – 8.76% (N = 3942). Rare phenotype was determined in the highest percentage in relation to S. pneumoniae and antimicrobials: vancomycin – 54.04% and linezolid – 64.6%. Conclusions. The study revealed a significant number of errors/inaccuracies in the data reported. The use of irrelevant interpretation criteria, the exclusion of situations with rare phenotypes and expected resistance, may contribute to a significant increase in the likelihood of inappropriate antibacterial prescribing.

Ethnoarchaeological research, which gained great popularity in the second half of the 20th century, has become a new full-fledged source for a variety of socio-economic reconstructions in archaeology, including when characterizing the features of industrial complexes. Developments that combine experimental traceological analysis of tools and ethnographic data play an important role in modeling ancient technologies, especially when ethnographic artifacts are a direct continuation of archaeological traditions, both in terms of their manufacturing method and specific purpose. In this regard, the study of stone knives from the Ekven burial ground of the 1st millennium AD is of great interest, discovered in Chukotka. These products have retained their specific form from antiquity to the present day. The presence in the archaeological and ethnographic collections of these items in varying degrees of processing and use (from blanks to tools with a completely recycled or redesigned working blade) made it possible not only to describe the chain of basic technological operations of their manufacture from the primary processing of raw materials, shaping, processing of the working and edge parts, mounts in the handle, but also to install the tools involved in this production process. The data obtained were verified using experimental work, which confirmed the invariability of the technology for processing slate raw materials and manufacturing archaeological and ethnographic man’s knives from it.

Objective. To review the key principles and functionality of AMRexpert online platform. Materials and Methods. The information part of the platform is comprised of rules based on the EUCAST recommendations and various standards for interpreting the results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing (EUCAST, CLSI versions 2020-2022). The technical part of the platform was developed using C# programming language, Angular and Bootstrap frameworks. AST results of Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Enterococcus faecium specific isolates were analyzed for practical testing of the platform using EUCAST v.12.0, 2022 interpretation criteria. Results. The developed platform for the evaluation of microbiological reports includes a wide list of expert rules, various standards for the interpretation of the AST results. Consistent data input, the ability to switch forms between several microorganisms, and the presentation of evaluation results in the form of blocks allows all necessary information to be structured. Practical use of the platform is available for various infectious pathogens. Fast and efficient interaction between users is provided by different options for sharing and saving the results. Conclusions. The web-based application evaluates microbiological reports in a comprehensive approach, with the ability to apply the results later to prescribe antimicrobial therapy. The platform for the interpretation, verification and validation of the AST results – AMRexpert can be accessed at https://amrexpert.ru.

Patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) cause extreme alertness during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, associated with many factors: the initial damage to the respiratory system (upper respiratory tract, lungs) and kidneys, immunosuppressive treatments, difficult prognosis of COVID-19 with the risk of AAV exacerbation. We present a clinical case of а moderate COVID-19 in a patient with granulomatosis with polyangiitis, who received anti-B cell therapy with rituximab (RTX) for a long time. Coronavirus pneumonia developed one year after RTX, while B-lymphocyte depletion persisted. In order to achieve an adequate antiviral immune response and prevent hyperinflammation, treatment was carried out with antiviral drugs, anticoagulants, convalescent plasma, human normal immunoglobulin, and interleukin-6 antagonist tocilizumab. Possible predictors of severe COVID-19 in patients with AAV are discussed.

Relevance of the investigation is in obtaining actual isotope-geochemical data on natural waters and water-bearing rocks in the Sedova Zaimka, an occurrence of radon waters. Objective: to study the features of chemical composition of natural waters and water-bearing rocks, and to obtain the first data on the activity of 222Rn and on the isotope composition: δD, δ18O, δ13С, 234U, 238U, 226Ra and 228Ra. Methods. Laboratory studies of the chemical composition by means of titration, ion chromatography, mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma were carried out at the Research Laboratory of Hydrogeochemistry at the School of Earth Sciences and Engineering of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Determination of the set of parameters δD, δ18O, δ13СDIC in waters and dissolved inorganic carbon was carried out at the Shared Equipment Center if the IGM SB RAS with the help of Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer FinniganTM MAT 253, equipped with sample preparation attachments H/Device (to determine δD) and GasBench II (to determine δ18O and δ13СDIC). 222Rn concentration in waters was determined using the Alfarad Plyus instrument in the Laboratory of Hydrogeology of Sedimentary Basins of Siberia at the IPGG SB RAS. The data on the total β-activity of waters, as well as on the activities of 234U, 238U, 226Ra and 228Ra, were obtained after preliminary radiochemical sample preparation using an alpha spectrometer ALPHA-ENSEMBLE-8 (Ametek, ORTEC, USA); gamma-spectrometric system arranged on the basis of well coaxial HPGe semiconductor detector with low-background cryostat EGPC 192-P21/SHF 00-30A-CLF-FA (EURISYS MEASURES, France) and alpha-beta radiometer UMF-2000 with a silicon detector (Doza, Russia) to measure low activities. Data separation into homogeneous geochemical sets was performed with the help of Са/Na, Са/Mg, Ca/Si, Mg/Si, Na/Si coefficients. To determine the extent of element concentrating in natural waters, the coefficients of concentration and water migration (according to A. I. Perelman) were calculated. Results. Radon water occurrence at Sedova Zaimka was discovered, and isotope-geochemical investigation was carried out. Radon waters (with 222Rn activity up to 428 Bq/dm3) are mainly characterized by HCO3 Mg-Na-Ca composition with TDS 158 to 581 mg/dm3 and silicon content 4,34 to 30,84 mg/dm3. The geochemical parameters of the environment vary from reductive to oxidative settings with Eh from –40,2 to +28,4 mV; pH from 7,5 to 7,6 and O2dissolved from 2,99 to 5,24 mg/dm3. Geochemical coefficients are equal to: Ca/Na 77,17; Ca/Mg 6,63; Ca/Si 11,42; Mg/Si 1,48; Na/Si 0,92; Si/Na 15,34; rNa/rCl 2,12; SO4/Cl 4,02, which is a regular indication of the formation of radon water composition in the embedding rocks of mainly aluminosilicate composition. Among trace components, the highest average content is characteristic of (mg/dm3): Si=17,77; Fe=1,18; Mn=0,16; Zn=0,020 and W=0,0036. No significant coefficients of component concentrations were revealed. Strong migration ability in solution is exhibited by Sr, medium – by Si, Mn, Ba, Cs and U. The total β-activity of the waters is 32 mBq/dm3. The concentrations of natural radionuclides vary (mg/dm3): 238U from 3,91∙10–4 to 6,39∙10–4; 232Th from 6,02∙10–6 to 2,37∙10–5 and 226Ra from 6,66∙10–11 to 1,09∙10–10. The 232Th/238U ratio in the waters varies from 1,02∙10–2 to 3,71∙10–2, which is a consequence of the oxidative geochemical setting, in which thorium does not migrate. The uranium isotope ratio (γ) 234U/238U is 5,75, with the activity of uranium isotopes (mBq/dm3): 234U (115±7), 238U (20±2), which points to not very deep circulation of the studied waters. The activity of radium isotopes in the waters is 70±7 mBq/dm3 for 226Ra and 51,8±3,9 mBq/dm3 for 228Ra. The 226Ra/228Ra ratio in HCO3 Mg-Na-Ca radon waters is equal to 1,35. The isotope composition of radon waters (from –126,3 to –121,1 ‰ for δD and from –16,8 to –16,3 ‰ for δ18O) points to their meteoric infiltration origin. The isotope composition of carbon δ13CDIC points to the biogenic origin of carbon dioxide and its participation in carbonate-silicate weathering of the rocks.

The functor of $\ast$-measures of compact support on the category of ultrametric spaces and non-expanding maps is introduced in the previous publication of the authors. In the present note, we prove that this functor determines a monad on this category. The monad structure allows us to define the tensor product of $\ast$-measures. We consider some applications of this notion to equilibrium theory.

The effect of picamilon (50 mg/kg/day), tropoxin (10 mg/kg/day) and LK-933 (9,3 mg/kg/day) on the behavior of CD-1 mice phenotypes with different attention stability in the "closed enriched cross maze" test after 6 days of intraperitoneal administration was studied. It was shown for the first time that in mice with native attention deficit drugs with nootropic and cerebrovascular activity improved attention. Observed effect was combined with changings of exploratory behavior parameters, motor activity and anxiety in both mice subpopulations. Obtained results allow to make an assumption about further experimental study of drugs with cerebrovascular properties in the attention deficit disorder model proposed by the authors.