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Under the conditions of sanctions, the development of petrochemical production in Under the conditions of sanctions, petrochemical production development in Russia is especially important both from the point of view of high-grade products growth with increased margins and the need to increase demand for hydrocarbons within the country with a decrease in export supplies. The purpose of the study is to analyze the existing and identify the main possible incentive measures of state support to enhance investment activities in modernization and creation of new production facilities of Russian petrochemical complex. Methods such as generalization, analysis and synthesis, classification and modeling were used in the work. As a study result, main problems and challenges facing the industry have been identified. Priority areas of oil and gas companies’ activity necessary for petrochemistry accelerated development, positive examples of cooperation in the field of gas processing and gas chemistry, as well as industrial clusters creation have been presented. Project financing mechanisms of the state corporation VEB.RF have been analyzed. The need to attract competent specialized Russian EPC contractors from the register recommended by VEB.RF for implementing projects in the field of petrochemistry has been explained. Using the example of methanol production and its use as a raw material for high-grade products creation, importance of long-term contractual relations between the state and business, such as agreements on protection and promotion of capital investments and special investment contracts, has been shown. The need to ensure continuity of state support measures at all stages of creating and implementing technologies for developing and improving petrochemical products has been formulated.

The article discusses promising areas that contribute to the formation of a closed-cycle economy or, in other words, a circular economy in the Russian fuel and energy complex. The basic principles of the circular economy model aimed at preserving the environment through the transition from linear business models to more closedones and by increasing the efficiency of natural resources use have been outlined. The data on the estimates of the negative impact combustion of associated petroleum gas have been presented, the methods of its rational utilization and further use as raw materials for high-grade products have been analyzed. The petrochemical complex is presented as one of the fundamental elements of the circular economy. The advantages of using biogas as a supplement and alternative to fossil natural gas when moving towards a circular economy have been substantiated. The importance of implementing biogas projects in Russia in modern conditions has been emphasized. Factors’ number of constraining the development pace of the circular economy in the fuel and energy complex sectors have been identified. The key support measures and stimulation of companies by the state have been outlined.

Due to the fact that the sanctions regime of Western countries is aimed at destroying Russia’s foreign trade relations and restraining the economic development of Russia, the article considers the increased importance of the main aspects of energy stability and presents a state assessment of Russian Federation energy security in conjunction with energy availability and environmental sustainability using the energy trilemma index. A number of urgent problems that have arisen in the fuel and energy complex as a result of sanctions have been identified. The general scheme of fuel and energy complex transformation is presented and possible ways of solving problems are given. The necessity of carrying out a set of measures for the transformation of the fuel and energy complex, including short- and medium-term measures necessary to ensure the state of energy security and sustainable economic development of Russia is substantiated.

The foundation and activity of the Mariupol Local Public University under the social processes of the Ukrainian Revolution during 1917-1919-s is highlighted in the paper on the base of the modern methodological approaches. The history of the educational institution is analyzed in the context of anthropological, social, cultural and interdisciplinary approaches. The issues of the Mariupol Local Public University’s organization and principles of its activity are considered regarding the principles of microhistory in detail. The educational activity, personnel and university enrolment are presented. The attention was drawn to the activity of the Mariupol democratic community regarding university’s establishment, to an impact of changing social processes that were in Ukraine in general and in Mariupol in particular, according to the methodological principles of socio-cultural history. The role of the particular historical and public figures (namely, the head of the Board of trustees of the public university S. Vainerova, the heads of the City Council of Mariupol I. Popov and O. Levytskyi, the member of Mariupol public executive committee I. Kovalenko and others) is considered on the methodological bases of historical anthropology. The elements of history, social and cultural studies are combined in the article according to the interdisciplinary approach.

Background: Acute gastroduodenal bleeding (GIB) is one of the urgent and complex problems of emergency surgery. The objective of our study was to investigate the performance of powder-like hemostatic agents in combination with granular Diovine for bleeding management in experimental gastric ulcers. Methods and Results: Experimental studies in vivo were conducted on 15 mongrel dogs, using the model of gastric ulcer by E. F. Cherednikov. During esophagogastroscopy, all animals were exposed to 2 bleeding gastric ulcers (experimental and control). Experiments were performed with 30 bleeding gastric ulcers. In experimental ulcers, endoscopic hemostasis was carried out by sufflations on a bleeding defect of powder-like Gelplastan and NovoSeven (lyophilized powder) in combination with Diovine. In control ulcers, endoscopic treatment was not performed. The experimental studies showed that in experimental ulcers, bleeding stopped at 3.9(3.5;4.9) sec (P

The article highlights the issue of political everyday life of Mariupol Ukrainians in the revolutionary processes of 1917 on the basis of the analysis of periodicals. The informational and organizing role of the regional periodicals of that time, that, along with other aspects, contained reports on the political situation in Ukraine, the activities of Mariupol Ukrainians and the political influence on them by the Ukrainian Central Rada, have been emphasized. An analysis of the political everyday life of Mariupol Ukrainians in the revolutionary processes of 1917 makes it possible to determine the peculiarities of this social phenomenon. The change of vectors of everyday life of Mariupol Ukrainians in the political sphere during 1917 under the influence of revolutionary processes have been traced. It has been proved that the political everyday life of Mariupol Ukrainians in the rapid events of the revolution was determined by the influence of several factors: the Ukrainian Revolution, which began in 1917 as part of the Russian democratic revolution and after the adoption of the Third Universal, received a national character; the struggle for the revival of Ukrainian statehood, which was legally documented by the Universals of the Central Rada; active formation of Ukrainian identity at the regional level, social attitude in Ukraine in general and the Northern Azov and Mariupol; worsening of social contradictions and intensification of military and political confrontation at the end of the year. The place of activists of the Ukrainian movement in Mariupol in the political life of the revolutionary period has been defined.

У статті висвітлюється питання розвитку українського визвольного руху в Маріуполі в 1941-1943 рр. Розглянуто формування маріупольської підпільної групи ОУН, ідейні засади та напрямки її боротьби, місце осередку "Просвіти" в боротьбі ОУН, роль Євгена Стахіва як керівника зазначеної підпільної групи. Руйнується історичний міф про брак підтримки ОУН на сході України.

Economic and political freedoms are often used as key indicators to classify types of political regimes. These freedoms, which include freedom of speech, freedom of the press, and economic freedoms such as freedom of business and freedom of trade, significantly affect how a country is perceived as a democracy or an autocracy. Democracies are typically characterized by high levels of these freedoms, allowing open expression and market regulation that encourages competition and fair trade. In contrast, autocratic regimes often impose restrictions on both speech and economic activity, limiting the scope of political discourse and centralizing economic control. These freedoms not only reflect, but also shape the political landscapes of modern states. The synthesis of freedoms with political governance not only determines the internal dynamics of nations, but also affects their relationships on the global stage. Ensuring the development and protection of these freedoms is of paramount importance to the development of stable, prosperous and just societies around the world. Economic and political freedoms are the foundation of democratic government and are essential to the personal and economic well-being of citizens.The purpose of the work is to conduct a study of the influence of the scope of economic and political rights and freedoms on the formation of the political regime in the country. The object of the research iseconomic and political freedoms as key criteria for the classification of types of political regimes. The subject of the research is social relations that arise, change and cease in the process of consolidation and implementation of economic and political rights and freedoms and their influence on the formation and functioning of democratic and autocratic political regimes. Research methodology includes methodological approaches (active, systemic, comparative, axiological), general scientific methods of thinking (analysis, synthesis, abstraction, generalization), philosophical (dialectical, metaphysical, hermeneutic, epistemological), general scientific (historical, synergistic, functional, structural) and specifically scientific (formal-legal, comparative-legal) methods. As a result of the study, problematic issues related to the problem were analyzedwith the realization of economic and political freedoms as key indicators of the country’s political regime, which significantly affect the trajectory of its development and international position. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conceptual position of vocational education is the personal and professional development learning and personal development is an essential goal of vocational education. The formation and development of the specialist involves the development of a professional intelligence, independence, self-confidence, professionally important qualities and competence.

The article describes modern methods of teaching needed to ensure and improve the learning process, while maintaining traditional ways of learning. Character-ized by control methods to ensure the educational process, argues conducting educational monitoring and presents a contemporary view of the problem of quality of education in high school, in terms of its reform intensification of training in high school are invited to spend, using the elements of the educational process of constructive pedagogy.

In this paper the authors describe the features of professional continuous medical education in the modern conditions of higher education reform inRussia. A new role of the teacher of the medical school is described. It is important to be professionally competent and to master modern teaching technologies (educational modules, project learning methods, distant education, etc.). The system of continuous medical education as a tool of professional development should become a strategic objective in the implementation of the goals of reforming professional medical education inRussia.

Limits of administration, efficacy and safety of hepatotropic drugs are not finally formulated yet because of lack of clinical trials which satisfy current principles of evidence-based medicine. The review analyses data on clinical use of drugs for which hepatotropic action is leading, prevalent or clinically independent; gives information on composition of some drugs, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, principles of clinical administration, side effects, clinical trials; outlines a mechanism of action and area of application of a new original hepatotropic drug remaxol. Experimental data are available on remaxol ability to reduce hepatic affection induced by hepatotoxic agents and severity of carbohydrate, protein and fat dystrophy, to activate regeneration of the liver. Clinical trials demonstrate remaxol efficacy in management of toxemia, cytolysis, cholestasis. The above effectiveness and its antiasthenic and antidepressive activity makes this drug a universal hepatotropic medicine effective in various hepatic diseases (viral hepatitis C, toxic and pharmacological damage) both in therapeutic and prophylactic schemes.

The development of the modern education system presupposes training with a high level of independence and the leading role of the student’s personality. Vocational education institutions should provide a wide range of educational services that are adequate to demands of the labor market. Methods and forms of education must be variable. Modern educational technology should be used of the as one of the most convenient ways of training.

The shift in priorities in the system of Russian education, transition from reproductive learning to learner-centered approach, incorporation of competency-based approach into the educational standards of «the third generation» require the training of a competitive specialist with professional competency. Types of competencies are characterized. The competency presenting certain requirements is studied. The mastering of the requirements will enable to train qualified specialists. The quality of education directly influences the level of professional activity through training of specialists and development of sciences. Competence-oriented approach and adherence to pedagogic requirements in education enables the efficacy of professional training. Innovative techniques and approaches to organizing educational process in their active form stimulate the process of studying.

The development of the modern education system includes a number of features. Learning involves a high level of independence with the leading role of the student. Vocational education institutions should provide a wide range of educational services that are adequate to labor market demands. Methods and forms of education should be variable including active use of modern educational technology as one of the most convenient ways of learning.

The review describes endogenous interferon inductors that belong to antiviral drugs and contain different chemical compounds. Among the groups identified by the authors, there are promising and most effective medicines inducing different types of interferon in the body, as well as their mechanism of action. The paper shows the synthesis of endogenous interferon and the level of its accumulation in the organs and tissues. The clinical effects of methylglucamine acridonacetate (cycloferon) are depicted in patients with major viral (influenza, acute respiratory viral and arboviral infections, and viral hepatitis) and bacterial (brucellosis, tuberculosis) infections, or endometrial hyperplastic processes. Cycloferon is shown to be used as an etiotropic and antipathogenic drug.

Disputable periodization problem of the XVII midcentury Ukrainian people’s national liberation war has been analysed. Criteria of determining chronological boundaries of the future - making events for Ukrainian history are being considered. National historians’ concaptions concerning the liberation war periodization problem is being compared.

The article deals with the socio-political processes in Greek villages of Northern Azov region that happened in UNR at the period ofCentral Rada. The author identifies the problem of political struggle which took place among Greek-peasants at the boundary of 1917-1918. The questions of national cultural revival, the problems of agrarian relations in Greek villages community are highlighted.