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Objective of research: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the anthelmintic efficacy of preparations against chicken ascariasis under conditions of Western Kazakhstan. Material and methods: Experiments were performed in May 2016 on 43 chickens from the zoo of the West Kazakhstan Regional Ecological and Biological Center of the Uralsk city of the Republic of Kazakhstan spontaneously infected with Ascaridia galli. The infection rate was estimated using the helminthovoscopic methods of examinations by Fulleborn. All chickens were divided into four groups of 10-20 individuals each. Ivermec OR was administered to chickens of the first group at a single dose of 0,04 ml/kg orally individually; of the second group - Alvet at the dose of 50 mg/kg orally twice at a 24 hour interval, individually; of the third group- Piperazine at the dose _of 250 mg/kg orally twice at a 24 hour interval, individually. Chickens of the fourth group did not receive the preparation and served as controls. The efficacy of preparations was evaluated 7 days after dehelmintization according to the result of «the control test». Eggs A. galli were detected by the flotation method with the use of VIGIS counting chamber for calculation of helminth eggs in 1 g of feces. During the experiment we observed the dynamics of discharge of dead ascarides, carried out helminthoscopy every 12 hours, and after the introduction of anthelmintics on the first day - every 4-6 hours. Results and discussion: No ascarides were found in all chickens of the first and second experimental groups that received Ivermec OR and Alvet respectively; the extenseffectiveness (EE) of preparations was 100 %. No ascarides were detected only in 8 chicken of the third group; the extenseffectiveness (EE) was 80 %. Chickens of the control group remained infected with A. galli at the beginning and at the end of experiment. After giving the anthelmintics to chickens, no side effects were observed.

The writing system -- the transparency of orthography in alphabet-based systems and differences between logographic and phonetic-based systems -- can affect the efficiency of inferential word learning when words are introduced visually. It can also shape how people self-evaluate their learning success (we refer to such type of self-evaluation as metacognitive monitoring of word learning). By contrast, differences in metacognition and learning performance do not emerge when words are presented auditorily. To measure metacognition, we assessed retrospective confidence by asking participants to rate their certainty about the correctness of their responses. As this direct question raises a person's conscious awareness of how well they have learned a particular lexical unit, it allowed us to measure those aspects of metacognition that are modulated by consciousness. Such consciousness comes into play when a word is associated with an object. Differences in conscious awareness of the word learning success when words are represented visually make differential demands on word learning across languages and modalities. The observed differences between populations using different writing systems and between perceptual modalities may potentially modulate the effectiveness of vocabulary acquisition activities during foreign language learning.

The physical and neurological development of children born to mothers with gestation diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a matter of research interest. We examined 28 children whose mothers were diagnosed with GDM, in the newborn period and at 6 months. By the parameters of physical development at birth the number of children with outstripping development and the average body mass index (BMI) was predominant and by the end of the first semester of life most of the children had the values of the average parameters specified above, that is, normal for that age, range, but the proportion of the deficient BMI remained unchanged. Insulin therapy during pregnancy had no significant impact on the frequency characteristics of children with physical development disorders. The neurological disorders of the six-month-old children born of women with gestation diabetes mellitus and non-targeted metabolic control were more severely represented by sensory sphere disturbances and interaction with subjects; to a lesser extent - by emotional and voice development. The children of this group had the minimum disturbances in the development of the motor sphere.

Aim: To study an association between seborrheic keratosis and human papilloma virus (HPV) using quantitative analysis of viral desoxyribonucleic acid (DNA); to assess prevalence of different phenotypes of beta-HPV. Materials and methods: We examined 60 renal transplant recipients (20 of them had multiple seborrheic keratosis) and 22 immunocompetent patients with seborrheic keratosis. Control group included 49 healthy subjects. Burr biopsy samples (micro-samples) were collected in sterile conditions. After sample procession and DNA isolation using DNK-sorb-C kit (Central Research Institute for Epidemiology – CRIE), polymerase chain reaction for HPV was performed with real-time fluorescent hybridization detection. For DNA amplification and detection we used RotorGene 3000 analyzer (Corbett Research, Australia). In the beta-HPV assay, recombinant plasmids were used as positive controls and control human beta-globin gene fragments (CRIE). 4 oligo-nucleotide systems (group-specific primers and probes) were used for the detection of beta-HPV DNA. Results: Keratotic lesions of open and covered skin regions were common in renal transplant recipients. Beta-HPV DNA was more frequent in seborrheis keratomas and intact skin (81% and 55%) of renal transplant recipients compared to healthy donors (47%). Conclusion: HPV DNA was frequently detected in keratotic lesions and intact skin of renal transplant recipients. In immunocompetent patients prevalence of HPV DNA in keratotic lesions was significantly higher compared to intact skin.

Aim: To study an association between acrochordon and human papilloma virus (HPV) using quantitative analysis of viral desoxyribonucleic acid (DNA); to detect different phenotypes of beta-HPV. Materials and methods: We examined 52 patients (22 immuno-suppressed patients and 30 immunocompetent subjects) in the Dermatovenereology and Dermato-Oncology Department and Chronic Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation Department of the Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI). Control group included 49 healthy donors. Burr biopsy samples (micro-samples) of acrochordon and intact skin (apper arm) were collected in sterile conditions. After sample procession and DNA isolation using DNK-sorb-C kit (Central Research Institute for Epidemiology – CRIE), polymerase chain reaction for HPV was performed with real-time fluorescent hybridization detection. For DNA amplification and detection we used RotorGene 3000 analyzer (Corbett Research, Australia). In the beta-HPV assay, recombinant plasmids were used as positive controls and control human beta-globin gene fragments (CRIE). 4 oligo-nucleotide systems (group-specific primers and probes) were used for the detection of beta-HPV DNA. Results: Preliminary data indicated that acrochordons of open and covered skin regions were common in renal transplant recipients. Beta-HPV DNA was more frequent in acrochordons and intact skin (64% and 54%) of renal transplant recipients compared to healthy donors (47%). 57% of renal transplant recipients demonstrated mixed infection in acrochordons. Conclusion: HPV DNA was frequently detected in acrochordons and intact skin of renal transplant recipients. In immunocompetent patients prevalence of HPV DNA in acrochordons was significantly higher compared to intact skin.

Olutasidenib (FT-2102) is a potent, selective, oral, small-molecule inhibitor of mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (mIDH1). Overall, 153 IDH1 inhibitor-naive patients with mIDH1R132 relapsed/refractory (R/R) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) received olutasidenib monotherapy 150 mg twice daily in the pivotal cohort of this study. The median age of participants was 71 years (range, 32-87 years) and the median number of prior regimens received by patients was 2 (1-7). The rate of complete remission (CR) plus CR with partial hematologic recovery (CRh) was 35%, and the overall response rate was 48%. Response rates were similar in patients who had, and who had not, received prior venetoclax. With 55% of patients censored at the time of data cut-off, the median duration of CR/CRh was 25.9 months. The median duration of overall response was 11.7 months, and the median overall survival was 11.6 months. Of 86 patients who were transfusion dependent at baseline, a 56-day transfusion independence was achieved in 29 (34%), which included patients in all response groups. Grade 3 or 4 treatment-emergent adverse events (≥10%) were febrile neutropenia and anemia (n = 31; 20% each), thrombocytopenia (n = 25; 16%), and neutropenia (n = 20; 13%). Differentiation syndrome adverse events of special interest occurred in 22 (14%) patients, with 14 (9%) grade ≥3 and 1 fatal case reported. Overall, olutasidenib induced durable remissions and transfusion independence with a well-characterized and manageable side effect profile. The observed efficacy represents a therapeutic advance in this molecularly defined, poor-prognostic population of patients with mIDH1 R/R AML. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02719574.

The article is concerned with the substantiation of innovative approaches to teaching foreign languages at the university. It is established that during the professional training of specialists at the university, the special emphasis should be given to the application of innovative forms and methods of training aimed at qualitative mastering of knowledge, abilities, and skills, developing students' mental activities, identifying skills of critical addressing the problems, gaining experience of independent learning of training materials, conducting exploration work, and gaining qualities that will be useful in professional activities and later in life. It is proved that the effectiveness of teaching foreign languages at the university will depend on the desire and ability of teachers to take advantage of successful practices in the humanistic approach to teaching, understanding the need to abandon authoritarian and scholastic teaching methods.

The article strives to analyze, systematize and consolidate the findings of empirical research into career orientations of Russian youth through the prism of E. Schein's anchor conception and on the basis of the various versions of his questionnaire. It was revealed that career orientations in adolescence are characterized by low differentiation, declarative nature, low awareness and contradiction. The article shows that youth career anchors are conditioned by such factors as the year of training, gender, training orientation and type of occupation. Female students are generally inclined towards stability, career-family balance and orientation to service, while male students or, in a broader scope, those with masculine-type personality put more value on management.

This study investigates the role of recursive language and working memory (WM) in second-order false belief skills in Danish-speaking children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD; n = 62; 8 females) and typical development (n = 41; 15 females), ages 6-16. Second-order false belief skills correlated with receptive grammar, vocabulary, and age; sentential complement production predicted second-order false beliefs, controlling for age, receptive grammar and WM. Regressions showed that second-order false belief was associated with age across groups, but with sentential complements in the ASD group only. Second-order false belief skills improved in children who received training in "either" recursive phrases (d = 0.21) or WM (d = 0.74), compared to an active control group. Results suggest that false belief skills are entwined with both linguistic and executive functions.

Background: Takayasu's arteritis (TA) is a systemic vasculitis that primarily affects the aorta and major arteries. Despite aggressive treatment with glucocorticoids (GCs) and non-biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (nbDMARDs), about 30% of patients experience resistance to therapy or relapse. This study aimed to identify risk factors associated with refractory and relapse TA in pediatric patients. Methods: A retrospective, open-label, case–control study was conducted with 56 pediatric patients with TA diagnosed between February 2011 and October 2022. Fourteen patients were excluded due to insufficient data in their medical records, leaving 42 for further analysis. The patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 (18 patients) with no evidence of relapse and Group 2 (24 patients) with relapse despite first-line treatment at the end of the follow-up period. Clinical, laboratory, and instrumental data were collected and analyzed using R v4.2 and Python v3.10. Results: The median time to relapse was 18 [IQR: 13; -] months according to the Kaplan–Meier curve. Patients with ITAS.A with a diagnosis of TA ≥ 12 had a higher probability of relapse, according to the log-rank criterion (p = 0.006). Symptoms of critical ischemia, such as limb claudication, were more common in Group 2 at diagnosis (p = 0.047), and a trend toward a longer diagnostic delay was observed (p = 0.067). Conclusions: Pediatric patients with an initial ITAS.A score above 12 have a higher risk of relapse when treated with a combination of GCs and nbDMARDs as first-line treatment. Further research is needed to identify high-risk patients more accurately and optimize therapeutic strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We assessed the effect of bilingualism on metacognitive processing in the artificial language learning task, in 2 experiments varying in the difficulty to segment the language. Following a study phase in which participants were exposed to the artificial language, segmentation performance was assessed by means of a dual forced-choice recognition test followed by confidence judgments. We used a signal detection approach to estimate type 1 performance (i.e., the participants' ability to discriminate statistical words vs. foils constructed from the same syllables) and type 2 metacognitive performance (i.e., the ability to discriminate the correctness of the type 1 decisions by confidence ratings). The results showed that bilinguals and monolinguals do not differ in type 1 recognition performance, but across the 2 experiments, metacognitive performance was higher in bilinguals compared with monolinguals. The results show that bilingualism improves metacognitive evaluation of performance in linguistic domains. We suggest that the improvement in metacognitive performance stems from bilinguals' enhanced error-monitoring abilities in language domain, which is also modulated by individual experience.

ContextAlthough radiation exposure is an important predictor of thyroid cancer on diagnosis of a thyroid nodule, the relationship between childhood radiation exposure and thyroid nodules has not been comprehensively evaluated.ObjectiveTo examine the association between internal I-131 thyroid dose and thyroid nodules in young adults exposed during childhood.Design, setting, and participantsIn this cross-sectional study, we screened residents of Belarus aged ≤18 years at the time of the Chernobyl nuclear accident for thyroid disease (median age, 21 years) with thyroid palpation, ultrasonography, blood/urine analysis, and medical follow-up when appropriate. Eligible participants (N = 11,421) had intact thyroid glands and doses based on direct individual thyroid activity measurements.Main outcome measuresExcess odds ratios per Gray (EOR/Gy, scaled at age 5 years at exposure) for any thyroid nodule and for nodules grouped by cytology/histology, diameter size, and singularity.ResultsRisk of any thyroid nodule increased significantly with I-131 dose and, for a given dose, with younger age at exposure. The EOR/Gy (95% confidence intervals) for neoplastic nodules (3.82; 0.87 to 15.52) was significantly higher than for nonneoplastic nodules (0.32;

Purpose: We investigated whether rhythm discrimination is mainly driven by the native language of the listener or by the fundamental design of the human auditory system and universal cognitive mechanisms shared by all people irrespective of rhythmic patterns in their native language. Method: In multiple experiments, we asked participants to listen to 2 continuous acoustic sequences and to determine whether their rhythms were the same or different (AX discrimination). Participants were native speakers of 4 languages with different rhythmic properties (Spanish, French, English, and German) to understand whether the predominant rhythmic patterns of a native language affect sensitivity, bias, and reaction time in detecting rhythmic changes in linguistic (Experiment 2) and in nonlinguistic (Experiments 1 and 2) acoustic sequences. We examined sensitivity and bias measures, as well as reaction times. We also computed Bayes factors in order to assess the effect of native language. Results: All listeners performed better (i.e., responded faster and manifested higher sensitivity and accuracy) when detecting the presence or absence of a rhythm change when the 1st stimulus in an AX test pair exhibited regular rhythm (i.e., a syllable-timed rhythmic pattern) than when the 1st stimulus exhibited irregular rhythm (i.e., stress-timed rhythmic pattern). This result pattern was observed both on linguistic and nonlinguistic stimuli and was not modulated by the native language of the participant. Conclusion: We conclude that rhythm change detection is a fundamental function of a processing system that relies on general auditory mechanisms and is not modulated by linguistic experience.