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The content of the article consists of the results of the theoretical analysis of scientific research, the authors of which focus on the problem of identifying signs of the involvement of law enforcement officers in corruption crimes and the practices of interaction with former law enforcement officers convicted of corruption crimes. The paper identifies groups of causes of corrupt behavior, through the prism of which the specific features of the professional activities of law enforcement officers and, in more detail, employees of the penitentiary system, contributing to such unlawful behavior, are analyzed. It is also noted that there is a similarity of former employees (corrupt criminals) in terms of destructive deviations with former employees of the penitentiary system convicted of common crimes. The authors pay special attention to such a personal quality as empathy. The article substantiates the need to consider empathy in the context of other personality traits as one of the signs indicating the presence of risks of corrupt behavior.

Objectives. Evaluation of the relationship of clinical, laboratory and morphological factors with remodeling of small-diameter renal arteries in patients with glomerulonephritis (GN) and arterial hypertension (AH). Materials and methods. The study included 105 patients (average age 37.1±1.2 years) with primary GN and hypertension who had indications for morphological investigation of kidney tissue. All patients underwent a standard examination for kidney disease, a morphological study of kidney tissue with a description of the changes that occur in the presence of glomerulonephritis, corresponding to the individual severity of the pathological process. The presence of signs of a tubulointerstitial component of damage (or tubulointerstitial component — TIC) in the form of tubulointerstitial infl ammation (TIV), fi brosis (TIF) was assessed. Vasometry of the interlobular artery (IA) was performed. The value of the intima-media complex (IMC) was considered to be a sign of IA remodeling. A sign of MA remodeling was considered to be an intima-media complex (IMC) value of more than 30.43 μm. Results. Among clinical and laboratory risk factors, an increase in systolic blood pressure has a statistically signifi cant effect on the likelihood of increasing IMC (χ2-criterion = 5.76, p = 0.016), arterial hypertension stage (χ2-criterion = 9.45, p = 0.002), blood urea level (χ2-criterion = 8.11, p = 0.004), decrease in glomerular fi ltration rate (χ2-criterion = 5.0, p = 0.025), increase in the stage of chronic kidney disease (χ2-criterion = 10.32, p = 0.001). The presence of signs of GN progression, such as an increase in erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) or proteinuria, did not have a statistically significant effect on the risk of IA remodeling (p>0.05). The increase in IA IMC is affected by the presence of hyalinosis of glomerular capillary loops (χ2-criterion = 7.56, p = 0.006), periglomerular hyalinosis (χ2-criterion = 6.96, p = 0.008), sclerosis of the glomerulus (χ2-criterion = 3.9, p = 0.048), increased fibrosis of tubulointerstitium (χ2-criterion = 12.16, p = 0.0005). Conclusion. In GN and AH, remodeling of small-diameter renal vessels occurs due to the influence of AH and its severity, tubulointerstitial changes in the renal tissue. New risk factors for vascular remodeling have been obtained — changes in the glomerulus. At the same time, the inflammatory and autoimmune mechanisms of GN were not associated with changes in the vascular wall. The role of hypertension is decisive in changing the structure of small-diameter kidneys.

In 70 % of cases of neonatal death, in 36 % of cases of infant mortality, in 25–50 % of cases of long-term neurological consequences in children, one of the causes is preterm birth. The course of pregnancy depends on the availability of vitamin D. The aim of the study was to determine the level of vitamin D and to analyze the obstetric and gynecological history in patients with preterm labor. Materials and methods. The study included 35 patients with preterm delivery and 30 women with the physiological course of labor. In the surveyed, vitamin D sufficiency was assessed by the content of 25(OH)D in blood serum, which was determined according to the clinical recommendations of the Russian Association of Endocrinologists, using the enzyme immunoassay method. Results. In patients with preterm labor, vitamin D deficiency and a high level of chronic inflammatory diseases of the respiratory, kidney and pelvic organs were revealed. Conclusions. Therefore, when managing pregnant women, it is necessary to take into account their availability of vitamin D and, possibly, recommend taking vitamin D preparations from the period of preconception preparation and during gestation.

Introduction. Endocrine insufficiency of the pancreas manifests, as a rule, in the form of carbohydrate metabolism disorders.Methods and materials. The levels of insulin concentration were analyzed in 21 patients with various forms of acute pancreatitis with a degree of clinical severity on the APACHE II scale from 10 to 14 (12±2) and the levels of glucagon concentration in 16 patients with a degree of clinical severity on the APACHE II scale from 8 to 10 (9±1) on the 1st, 3rd and 7th day since the onset of disease, the dynamics of blood glycemia was observed in all patients.Results. As a result, despite the relatively normal blood glucose level in all observations compared with the control group, there was a decrease in insulin by more than 2 times, a decrease in glucagon by 1.5 times, the level of which increased by the outcome of the disease. In the presence of normoglycemia in all studied cases.Conclusions. The obtained data indicates that insufficiency of insulin and glucagon exists in all forms of AP. Relative normoglycemia is caused by absolute insulin insufficiency against the background of interstitial edema of the pancreas in AP. Correction of endocrine disorders in AP is a promising direction in the treatment of patients with various forms of AP.

Background. Ureterocele is a cystic dilatation of the distal ureter. Orthotopic ureterocele is relatively rare form of this disease, and it is commonly diagnosed in female children. The clinical picture of orthotopic ureterocele is usually not significant, and the management variants are unclear. Clinical case description. Ultrasound has revealed dilatation in the distal part of the left ureter (up to 6.5 mm) and cyst formation (diameter of 8 mm, thick walls) in the bladder in 8-months-old boy. The retrograde voiding cystourethrogram has shown no signs of vesicoureteral reflux. The evaluation of the voiding rhythm was performed: the volume of residual urine was > 30%, it indicates the infravesical obstruction. The child underwent diagnostic cystourethroscopy, transurethral resection of the ureterocele, intubation ureteral catheter in the left ureter (all procedures was performed under general anesthesia). There were no enlargements of calices-pelvis system and ureters 12 months after surgery according to urinary system ultrasound. Clinical urine test with no inflammatory changes. Voiding rhythm was without pathology.Conclusion. The widespread implementation of high-tech and minimally invasive methods of diagnosis and management allow us to achieve timely detection and provide effective treatment for children with ureterocele.

How does scientific knowledge grow? Some argue that science advances by developing a set of core concepts, while others argue complementary or competing core/periphery structures allow for scientific progress. We conducted a large-scale analysis of abstracts from the American Physical Society, spanning 58 years. For each year, we created a network of concepts, where single- and multi-word noun phrases were linked if they appeared in the same abstract. Our results suggest that a single core––rather than multiple cores––best explains the structure of our concept networks. We also see that only a small subset of core concepts (around 10%) remain within the core. Finally, we see a decline in the relative size of the core, driven by the growth of scientific production. The decline in core size is negatively associated with discoveries that push the scientific frontier, which suggests that strong core/periphery structures may be important for innovation.

Films of the "perestroika" period (1986-1991) related to school/university theme showed that: - the educational / upbringing process has lost the previous strict storylines and in many respects has lost its communist landmarks;--both school and university have acute problem areas (crisis, disappointment and fatigue, professional "burning out" of teachers, stagnation, hypocrisy, lies, bureaucracy and authoritarianism, pragmatic cynicism of students, teenage cruelty, underage sexual activity, etc.);--the activity of a schoolchild / student again became more directed toward the outside world than to the inner world;--appropriate distance in the teacher-student relationship has become more fragile (familiarity, sexual relation, or its provocation); in the films Work on Mistakes (1988) and Asthenic Syndrome (1989), male teachers even fight with high school students in class or in the school corridor;--the prestige of the pedagogical profession in the eyes of students and the public has fallen even lower; in accordance with the real state of affairs, female teachers' images (often lonely, unsettled) came to the forefront;--the main conflicts of plots were built on the opposition of non-ordinary teachers and students with stagnation, bureaucracy, mediocre bosses/colleagues/peers. In fact, one can probably assume that the exposing "black series" of the perestroika cinema (where the youth theme was one of the most prominent ones) served a kind of "mobilizing purpose", only at the time it was not the orientation of "Soviet power elites in the renewal of the tools which they embodied the communist project with". Conversely, a Western-oriented part of the Soviet ruling elite used "uncensored" cinematography as one of the levers for the gradual liquidation of socialism. On the other hand, it is possible not to attach special importance to this "conspiracy" assumption, believing that Soviet cinematographers spontaneously walked in the wake of political and socio-cultural changes of the "perestroika" era. After all, we should not forget that by the end of the 1980s a paradoxical situation arose in the USSR when the state continued to finance film production, but in the actual absence of censorship, filmmakers could produce all that they wanted, practically ignoring the opinion of the leading bodies of the CPSU and the government.

Having analyzed over a thousand of audiovisual media texts, the authors of the article conclude that in the Soviet, Russian and Western cinema stereotypes of teenagers as positive characters can be divided into the following main groups: 1) positive leaders (high achievers); 2) "nerds" (overly diligent students), 3) average performers. Naturally, the Soviet cinematography had to be more or less ideologically filled with communist values, while in the West and in modern Russian cinema, individual, family and / or group values come to the fore. Stereotypes of teenagers as villains/ evil characters can be, in the opinion of the authors, represented by the following groups: 1) offenders and criminals; 2) narrow-minded/struggling students; 3) "silver spoons" (representatives of the rich "golden youth"). There are nuances, too. For example, in the Soviet cinema heirs of wealthy families were replaced by handsome egoists from the intellectual background, and there were far fewer juvenile offenders than in the American and European media texts. The Soviet cinema (with the exception of a few "perestroika" pictures) did not emphasize schoolchildren's sexuality. In general, the analysis of stereotypes of teenage images in audiovisual media texts on the theme of the school and university shows that, despite the national, sociocultural and ideological differences, the stereotypes of these images have more similarities than differences.

Pedagogical issues are rather popular in the world's cinematography. Images of school and university teachers occupy a special place in it. Hoping to attract as many viewers as possible the cinematography prefers to refer not to everyday routine education process but to "hot spots" of teaching associated mainly with sex, lies and violence (in this regard deception is successfully combined with narrative moves of violence and sex) in recent decades. Thus, the title of the French film "Risky Business" ("Les risques du métier," 1967) contains the essence of the media presentation of the teacher's image whose profession is undoubtedly linked to serious risks and challenges. The review and analysis of 1300 Western films about school and university, study of more than 7000 published materials (books, research articles and film reviews) on the declared topic have enabled us to reveal the following basic types of teacher's images in the Western cinematography: positive (super)hero (often a male, a school teacher recently employed) who reeducates an aggressive and disobedient class; a negative personage who hates students (in some cases he/she can even be a robot-killer or an alien); a loser/clown, outsider suffering from his job; a bureaucrat-administrator. The authors of the article point to the fact that the teacher's image on the Western screen has significantly transformed over time. The self-censorship that existed practically till the 1960s did not allow film makers to touch upon such radical aspects as violence, sex, obscene language, racial and religious problems in schools and universities. But after the lifting of the Hays Code and the advent of the so-called sexual revolution of the 1970s the Western screen began to successively exploit the topics forbidden before, thus creating new horrifying narratives movies every year. On the other hand, the tendency for reflection on the pedagogical mission and real professional challenges involved stills remains in the Western cinematography. Such hermeneutic analysis of Western audiovisual media texts about school and university allowed the authors to integrate the structure of media stereotypes of school and university teachers in films.

Uromodulin is a unique protein produced in the kidneys by epithelial cells of the ascending thick portion of the loop of Henle. It implements physiological mechanisms not only at the tubular level, but also participates in the coordination of general body processes. The main functions of uromodulin are an obstacle to prevent stone formation due to a violation of the aggregation of calcium salts and water reabsorption, coordination of electrolyte balance, and an obstacle to inflammatory processes locally and systemically. Moreover, the expression of uromodulin and its qualitative characteristics are under genetic control. In this regard, the pathology of the tubular apparatus or mutations in the genes encoding uromodulin lead to the development of primary or secondary tubulopathies with dysfunction of other organs and systems. At the same time, it is known that uromodulin is an incompletely studied protein both in terms of structure and features of the functions it performs. A thorough analysis of research data, including experimental work on the study of uromodulin in domestic and international literature sources, was carried out, with a presentation of the material in this manuscript.

Currently, there is a high scientific interest in studying the features of the structure and functions of the tubules of the kidneys. The relevance of the topic is due to the potential possibility of identifying various markers of tubular dysfunction and using them for early diagnosis of not only tubulopathies, but also glomerular disorders. In clinical practice, markers of tubular dysfunction are used insufficiently. The article presents information about the anatomical and functional features of the proximal and distal parts of the tubular apparatus, outlines highly organized mechanisms of intermolecular interaction, presents the main biologically active substances, the change in the concentration of which is a consequence of damage to the tubules. The presented manuscript is the product of a deep analysis and systematization of the available data in Russian and foreign information and analytical portals.

Objectives. One of the most promising methods of treating malignant tumors is 10B-neutron capture therapy. While compounds based on cluster boron anions [BnHn]2− (n = 10, 12) are often used as boron-containing agents due to the very high specific concentration of boron atoms per particle, the use of such compounds is associated with the need to develop new methods for the functionalization of boron clusters associated with the production of boron-containing derivatives containing biologically active functional groups. One of the most convenient methods of modification of [BnHn]2− (n = 10, 12) anions is the interaction of their derivatives containing cyclic oxonium-type substituents with negatively charged or neutral nucleophilic reagents. The disclosure of substituents of this type leads to the formation of closo-borates with functional groups separated from the cluster by an alkoxyl spacer chain. The purpose of this study is to develop methods for the synthesis of derivatives of the closo-decaborate anion [B10H10]2− with pendant nitrogen-containing groups.Methods. The general control of the reactions of the disclosure of cyclic substituents was carried out on the basis of 11B nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy data. The structure of the obtained derivatives, including the nature of the attached functional groups, was determined using 1H, 13C attached proton test (APT) NMR and infrared (IR) spectroscopy data. The molecular weight of the synthesized compounds was confirmed by electrospray ionization mass-spectrometry (ESI–MS).Results. The interaction of the anion [2-B10H9O(CH2)4O]− with secondary amines (dimethylamine, dipropylamine, diallylamine, dibutylamine, diisobutylamine, morpholine, di-sec-butylamine) in an ethanol environment is investigated. As a result of the reactions, a cyclic substituent is shown to expand with the addition of a nucleophilic reagent. Seven new derivatives of the closodecaborate anion with pendant nitrogen-containing groups have been synthesized.Conclusions. A developed method for obtaining closo-decaborates with ammonium groups separated from the boron cluster by an alkoxyl spacer group is presented. It is shown that the use of amines of various structures does not fundamentally affect the course of the reactions, allowing the composition and structure of the target derivatives to be effectively regulated. The resulting compounds can be involved in further modification reactions due to a reactive pendant group, as well as being suitable for use as effective polydentate ligands. Closo-decaborates with pendant nitrogen-containing groups and their derivatives are of considerable interest in the synthesis of compounds for use in 10B-neutron capture therapy of malignant tumors.

The "thaw period" films (1956-1968) on the school/university topic can be conditionally divided into two stages: early (1956-1963) and late "thaw" (1964-1968), although, naturally, there was a somewhat diffusion between these periods. The "thaw" audiovisual texts about school and university life, according to the authorities, were to support the main course of the state policy in the educational and socio-cultural spheres of the time, that is, to show that the Soviet education and culture system is being reformed: 1) the educational process is out of the strict Stalin's framework (while retaining general communist landmarks and a rigid anti-religious orientation); 2) the relationship between teachers and students is becoming more democratic, to some extent, creative, based on the experience of Soviet educators/innovators of the 1920s; 3) there are problem zones at school and university (for example, the taboo was removed from the previous interpretation of a Soviet teacher's image as almost an ideal representative of the most educated part of the people). The first "thaw" stage was more or less characterized by a romantic reliance on the pedagogical experience of revolutionary Soviet pedagogy of the 1920s and the creation of touching lyrical stories, where, despite minor difficulties, the harmony of good teachers and, sometimes, flawed and misled at the beginning, but later good students, won. In the course of the second stage of the "thaw," new tendencies began to manifest themselves more often: on the one hand, the crisis, the disappointment and fatigue on the part of teachers, and on the other, the pragmatic cynicism of students.

Media criticism and media education have a lot in common. For example, both media education and media criticism attach great importance to the development of analytical thinking of the audience. Indeed, one of the most important tasks of media education is precisely to teach the audience not only to analyze media texts of any types, but also to understand the mechanisms of media texts' creation and functioning in society. Actually, the same is emphasized by media criticism, addressing experts, and a wider audience as well. Therefore the synthesis of media criticism and media education is vital. Hence it is very important to debate on the role and functions of the media in society and analysis of media texts of different types and genres in classrooms of schools and universities.

As an obligate intracellular parasite, Toxoplasma gondii must import essential nutrients from the host cell into the parasitophorous vacuole. We previously reported that the parasite scavenges cholesterol from host endocytic organelles for incorporation into membranes and storage as cholesteryl esters in lipid droplets. In this study, we have investigated whether Toxoplasma utilizes cholesterol as a precursor for the synthesis of metabolites, such as steroids. In mammalian cells, steroidogenesis occurs in mitochondria and involves membrane-bound type I cytochrome P450 oxidases that are activated through interaction with heme-binding proteins containing a cytochrome b5 domain, such as members of the membrane-associated progesterone receptor (MAPR) family. Our LC-MS targeted lipidomics detect selective classes of hormone steroids in Toxoplasma, with a predominance for anti-inflammatory hydroxypregnenolone species, deoxycorticosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone. The genome of Toxoplasma contains homologs encoding a single type I CYP450 enzyme (we named TgCYP450mt) and a single MAPR (we named TgMAPR). We showed that TgMAPR is a hemoprotein with conserved residues in a heme-binding cytochrome b5 domain. Both TgCYP450 and TgMAPR localize to the mitochondrion and show interactions in in situ proximity ligation assays. Genetic ablation of cyp450mt is not tolerated by Toxoplasma; we therefore engineered a conditional knockout strain and showed that iΔTgCYP450mt parasites exhibit growth impairment in cultured cells. Parasite strains deficient for mapr could be generated; however, ΔTgMAPR parasites suffer from poor global fitness, loss of plasma membrane integrity, aberrant mitochondrial cristae, and an abnormally long S-phase in their cell cycle. Compared to wild-type parasites, iΔTgCYP450mt and ΔTgMAPR lost virulence in mice and metabolomics studies reveal that both mutants have reduced levels of steroids. These observations point to a steroidogenic pathway operational in the mitochondrion of a protozoan that involves an evolutionary conserved TgCYP450mt enzyme and its binding partner TgMAPR.

The need for new antimicrobial agents (AntAg) is driven by the persistent antibiotic resistance in microorganisms, as well as the increasing frequency of pandemics. Due to the deficiency of AntAg, research aimed at developing speedy approaches to find new drug candidates is relevant. This study aims to conduct an in silico study of the biological activity spectrum as well as the molecular binding mechanisms of four structurally different forms of levofloxacin (Lvf) with bacterial topoisomerases targets of type IIA (DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV) to enable the development of drugs with an improved characterization of the safety profile. To achieve this goal, a number of software products were used, such as ChemicPen v. 2.6, PyMol 2.5, Avogadro 1.2.0, PASS, AutoDockTools 1.5.7 with the new generation software Autodock Vina. These software products are the first to be made available for visualization of clusters with determination of ligand-receptor pair binding affinity, as well as clustering coordinates and proposed mechanisms of action. One of the real structures of Lvf, a decarboxylated derivative, was obtained with tribochemical (TrbCh) exposure. The action spectrum of molecular ligands is described based on a Bayesian probability activity prediction model (PASS software Version 2.0). Predicted and real (PMS and RMS) molecular structures of Lvf, with decreasing levels of structural complexity, were translated into descriptors via Wiener (W), Balaban (Vs), Detour (Ip), and Electropy € indices. The 2D «structure-activity» diagrams were used to differentiate closely related structures of levofloxacin. PMS and RMS were visualized as 3D models of the ligand-receptor complexes. The contact regions of RMS and PMS with key amino acid residues—SER-79, DT-15, DG-1, DA-1—were demonstrated. The intra- and inter-molecular binding sites, data on free energy (affinity values, kcal/mol), the binding constant Kb (M−1), and the number of clusters are presented. The research results obtained from the presented in silico approach to explore the spectrum of action find quantitative “structure-activity” correlations, and predict molecular mechanisms may be of applied interest for directed drug discovery.

The meanings of typicality, ordinaryness of action appear in the Ossetian verbs of the present tense as a combination of the potentials of the present irrelevant and imperfect form, and in Russian they are expressed by the forms of the imperfect form in the past tense too. The expresser of these meanings is the verb with the prefix фæ-, in Russian - the context or determinants of the corresponding semantics. Polytemporality of actions with actional shades of habituality and usality is indicated in the Ossetian grammatical category of multiplicity, and in Russian equivalents – by context, lexically, syntactically. The revealed discrepancies are interesting as a reflection of the universal and specific in the linguistic pictures of the world.

Introduction. The immunopathogenesis of the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19 is usually associated with the development of imbalance in the immune response to its causative agent, SARS-CoV-2 virus (Coronaviridae: Coronavirinae: Betacoronavirus: Sarbecovirus). This is manifested, in particular, by interferons’ (IFNs) deficiency at the beginning of the disease followed by hyperproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The virus causes a decrease in IFN types I (α/β) and III (λ) levels; changes in IFN type II (γ) are less studied. In this regard, it is relevant to assess the functional bioactive IFN (interferon status) in COVID-19. The aim of the study was to assess the antiviral potential of the body by testing the biologically active IFNs in COVID-19. Material and methods. We used biological serum samples of COVID-19 patients taken in the acute phase (110 patients on the 1–5 days of the disease) and during rehabilitation (47 patients during 1–3 months after the disease onset). Assessment of interferon status was performed according to the technique developed by the authors and described earlier. Results. The IFN status of patients with COVID-19 in the acute period and in the phase of post-infection rehabilitation was studied during the observation period. It was found that SARS-CoV-2 causes a pronounced inhibition of biological activity of IFN types I and II compared to the reference values by more than 20 and 7 times, respectively. During the post-COVID period, incomplete recovery of the IFN system activity was registered, which proceeded very slowly. No cases of reaching physiological indicators of interferon status were identified during the observation period. Conclusion. The obtained data on deficiency of the functional biologically active IFN confirm the hypothesis about the predominant role of impaired IFN production of different types in the immunopathogenesis of the novel coronavirus infection.

The authors analyze the results of two universities students' survey aimed at finding out the respondents' media competence levels. The findings confirm a general tendency, that commonly, less than a quarter of the young audience reveals a high level development of the media competence's motivational index. A considerably larger part of respondents, about a half, demonstrates a low level of the motivational index. The analysis of the received data proves that a high degree of the media contact frequency and a high level of media competence's motivational index are not directly linked with an ability level to analyze a media text comprehensively. Nevertheless, the levels of interpretational/evaluation parameters of the audience's media competence to a large extent reflect the levels of their informational and motivational descriptors. Moreover, it turns out that the high level of informational index does not necessarily correlate to the level of media competence's evaluation index. On the whole, the survey shows that media competence of modern students needs to be developed. Therefore, university students (not less than school students) do need media literacy courses.

The article analyzes the results of the international experts' survey regarding the curriculum of media literacy education, which was administrated by the authors in September-October 2015. The expert panel includes specialists actively involved in the real process of media literacy education in schools, universities and other educational institutions, who also have significant publications records (monographs, study guides, articles in peer-reviewed journals). 65 experts from 20 countries took part in the survey: Armenia, Australia, Belgium, Canada, China, Croatia, Germany, Hungary, Greece, Israel, Mexico, Portugal, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine, the USA. Based on the experts' answers, the productive sources of media literacy education curriculum were distinguished; as well as the content and learning outcomes of media literacy education curriculum, and assessment strategies of students' media literacy competence, aimed at various target groups. Furthermore, main challenges for media literacy curriculum design and implementation are outlined: the resistance of the administrative bodies, overloaded curriculum in the classroom, poor development of the initial and continuing training for teachers, necessity for the development of high-level research and curriculum proposals.

Anticoagulants are widely used in clinical practice to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events. However, there are associated clinical conditions that require coagulation system monitoring due to an increased risk of bleeding. In clinical practice, cases of warfarin hypersensitivity due to gene polymorphisms are known. Taking warfarin in such a situation is often manifested by massive bleeding that threatens the patient's life. Sixty seven-years-old female patient was admitted to the internal medicine department of Rostov State Medical University clinic in March 2022. The day before, she noted severe abdominal pain, loose bloody stool. An outpatient examination revealed an increase in international normalized ratio to 9,42, thrombin time >30 sec. There were no signs of primary gastrointestinal pathology. According to anamnesis, on January 21, 2022, the patient underwent mechanical aortic valve replacement, in connection with which warfarin was prescribed at a dose of 2,5 mg/day. After establishing hypocoagulation, warfarin was discontinued. A pharmacogenetic analysis was performed, which established the carriage of polymorphisms of cytochrome P450 system genes, the homozygous mutation 1075A>C (CYP2C9 (*3/*3)), and the heterozygous mutation of the vitamin K reductase gene VKORC1 G(-1639)A (VKORC1 GA). The individual dosage of warfarin was calculated according to International Warfarin Pharmacogenetics Consortium guidelines, which was 9 mg/week. After adjusting the dose of warfarin, the level of international normalized ratio decreased to 3,61, thrombin time to 13 sec. The patient was discharged with recommendations to follow an individual warfarin regimen and monitor coagulation parameters. The presence of hypersensitivity to warfarin is not a reason for its complete withdrawal in situations requiring longterm anticoagulation. In this regard, it is necessary for the doctor to be vigilant when prescribing warfarin to a patient, understanding the causes and methods for diagnosing hypersensitivity to warfarin, and timely correction of its dosage.

The study of the universal semantic types of repetition - multiplicative, distributive, iterative on the material of the Ossetian language reveals significant discrepancies in the designation of aspectual-actional features of the course of action in mono- and polytemporal plans, especially iteration, which is, in contrast to the Russian language, in the sphere of action of a separate grammatical categories of multiplicity, and proves that different interpretations of the same objective entities by speakers of different languages is the most important characteristic of the linguistic picture of the world, which noticeably distinguishes even related languages.