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Purpose of the study: to analyze the influence of dietary habits and the use of biologically active additives (BAAs) as a factor influencing the risk of COVID-19 in medical workers.Materials and methods: A longitudinal online study was conducted from March to April 2022. Incidence was assessed as the percentage of COVID-19 cases among the total number of respondents. Characteristics of methods for studying actual nutrition were carried out using the method of retrospective recording of nutrition (method of analysis of frequency of consumption).Results: respondents who took vitamin D in a prophylactic dosage were less likely to get sick with COVID-19 (confirmed SARS-CoV-2) – 35.9% did not get sick with SARSCoV-2; and those who didn’t take it – only 5.85%; p

The aim of the work was to assess the possibility of using disposable polymeric containers in the production technology of the live plague vaccine.Materials and methods. We deployed the vaccine strain Yersinia pestis ЕV NIIEG for the work. A standard disposable 10 L Flexboy type polymeric container manufactured by Sartorius Stedim Biotech, equipped with Sartopore 2 filter capsules, was used for submerged cultivation of plague microbe inoculum. This method was compared to the regulated technology for obtaining seed cultures using glass bottles with a volume of 20 liters. The control of the produced seed cultures of the vaccine strain EV was performed in accordance with FS.3.3.1.0022.15. The cultivation of the seed culture in a disposable polymeric container was carried out in a liquid nutrient medium at a temperature of 26 to 28°C with continuous barbotage and mechanical agitation with a platform oscillation frequency of 80 to 90 per minute. For aeration, compressed air with a pressure of 0.3 to 0.4 kgf/cm2 was used. The volumetric flow rate of sterile air supplied for aeration ranged from 0.9 to 1.0 l/min.Results and discussion. The use of disposable polymeric containers made it possible to reduce the duration of the technological stage of obtaining a seed culture by 1.7 times and increase the yield of live microbes per unit volume of the nutrient medium by 2.8 times, as compared to the regulated production technology. Thus, the possibility and prospects of using disposable polymeric containers in the production technology of live plague vaccine at the stage of preparation of sowing cultures is evidenced.

The researchers of the Branch Office of the Federal State Budgetary Establishment «48 Central Scientific Research Institute» of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation (Kirov) organized theoretical and experimental studies on the introduction of a tangential filtration method for the separation of biological mixtures into the production of immunobiological preparations. The method of microfiltration in the tangential stream replaced the process of sedimentation at the stage of concoction of intermediate vaccines, reduced considerably the process time, and allowed to obtain suspensions from cultural liquid, substandard on an indicator of concentration of microbial cells. Along with this, the microfiltration method allowed to concentrate the cultures of Yersinia pestis of a vaccinal strain EV. In comparison with the centrifugal separation, the concentration of living microbial cells of a vaccinal strain of EV Y. pestis increased by one and a half times. The filtration in a tangential stream at the ASF-020 installation from the point of view of the production of the sporous product of anthrax vaccine STI-1 (in millions of doses), is 1.8 times more effective in comparison with the centrifugal separation. The membrane method allowed to reduce the duration of technological process. These membrane processes are used nowadays during the production of plague and anthrax vaccines, anthrax immunoglobulin, diagnostic medicines and during the sterilization of liquid nutrient mediums. This type of equipment for the sterilization of nutrient mediums can be considered as an alternative to the processes of the thermal sterilization of liquids and provides their biological and technological full functionality. Experiments on the use of the ceramic-metal filters sterilizing the air given for aeration, showed the decrease in duration of preparatory operations on 20 h and increase in the general operational opportunities of the system.

The object of the study is a preparation of ecotoxicant destructor based on bacterial strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas délhiensis and associations of nodule bacteria Rhizobium loti with Lotus corniculatus. It is established, that during the simultaneous use of the bacteria and the legume Lotus corniculatus the rate of oxidation of petroleum hydrocarbons increases three times in comparison with the degradation rate of the pollutant after the separate use of each bacterial strain. We have received the preparation of ecotoxicant destructor – dry heterogeneous mass consisting of viable microbial cells of strains of P. delhiensis and R. lotus, seeds of leguminous plant Lotus corniculatus and delignified sawdust. Oil destructive activity of the preparation is proved in the course of microfield experiments. The degradation of ecotoxicants is proved by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with mass-selective detection. Bacteria of the strains, included in the preparation, are non-pathogenic for humans and animals, biocompatible, environmentally safe, stable, unpretentious to nutritional needs, technological, do not persist in environmental objects in the absence of a substrate for destruction. The technology of the production of the preparation is developed. The results of these studies demonstrate the possibility of practical use of the degradative potential of the preparation in the course of the implementation of the measures for soil reclamation, cleaning up ecotoxicants and restoring its ecological status.

A bioreactor (cultivator or fermenter) is one of the main elements of the vast majority of instrumentation-technological lines of immunological medicinal preparations. The construction of special equipment for industrial microbiology in our country was determined by the research, related to the development of technology of the production of live plaque vaccine. In the early 1930’s A.L. Berlin studied the approaches to the creation of laboratory cultivating devices in the city of Saratov on the basis of the State Regional Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology of the SouthEast of Russia, the People's Commissariat of Health of the RSFSR. At the same time this problem has been solved by N.G. Shcherbina in the Crimean Sanitary-Bacteriological Institute (Sevastopol). In 1936, a group of researchers from the Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Hygiene of the Red Army (Kirov) was involved in the research of the processes and technologies of the industrial microbiology. In 1946 the first industrial apparatus of A.F. Shesterenko under sterile conditions ensured the production of large volumes (up to 800 mattresses) of the culture of the vaccine strain EV of the NIIEG line of the plague microbe.

The article is dedicated to the possible improvement of the production technology of live plaque vaccines. The automated information system (AIS) of the control of the production of pharmaceuticals has been elaborated in the branch office of the «48 Central Scientific Research Institute» of the Ministry of Defence of Russia (Kirov) within the framework of the federal target program «The National System of Chemical and Biological Security of the Russian Federation». The AIS has been used for the improvement of the technology of submerged cultivation of live plaque vaccine. Strain EV, line NIIEG, as well as the upgraded fermenter BIOR-0,25 with the AIS of the control of the production have been used in this work. The problems of the improvement of the production technology of pharmaceuticals have been studied. The possibility of shared use of the fermenters and AIS of the control of the production of pharmaceuticals has been proven experimentally. This hardware system can accumulate, systemize and record scientific and technical information about all the operations. The above-mentioned studies allow to enhance the technological capabilities of the equipment and to improve the stage of the submerged cultivation in the production of live plaque vaccine.

A few decades ago, colorectal cancer (CRC) was diagnosed much less frequently. It is currently the fourth and in some countries the third most lethal cancer in the world, with about one million deaths each year. Most colon tumors develop as a result of a multistep process involving a number of histological, morphological and genetic changes, the frequency of detection of which increases with the age of the patient. Timely screening aimed at identifying and removing precancerous neoplasms in the early stages can lead to a significant reduction in the incidence of CRC. Despite this, the currently diagnosed rate of CRC in everyday clinical practice is relatively low, however, it is predicted that with personalized, based on anamnesis, screening for CRC, the frequency of its detection will increase significantly. The practitioner needs to be aware of the risk factors leading to CRC and the various stages of disease progression in order to recommend appropriate screening strategies. The use of a surveys that includes risk factors in the collection of anamnesis will reduce economic costs and not miss a cohort of patients who need a detailed examination. The purpose of the review is to present current data on the epidemiology of CRC and risk factors contributing to the occurrence of CRC. A literature review of articles (original studies and reviews) published between 2016 and February 2022 on the study of risk factors for CRC was performed. The methods of bibliographic, informational and semantic search of sources in the databases of Google PubMed, Scopus were used. The article discusses in detail the epidemiology and highlights the modified and non-modified risk factors for CRC, including within different age categories. Data on early CRC in young people are presented in detail and carry clinical and molecular features, as well as the role of the hereditary factor in development.

Currently, submerged cultivation of the Bacillus anthracis STI-1 strain for live anthrax vaccine production requires liquid nutrient media, which have disadvantages of a short shelf life (no more than one month) and a narrow range of storage temperatures (2–8 °С). Dry media, in contrast, have a number of indisputable advantages: such media are transportable and easy to use, have a standard capability to retain properties, and can be stored without preservatives at 2–30 °С for 2–5 years. The aim of this work was to develop a technology for the preparation of a dry nutrient medium for anthrax vaccine production. Materials and methods: The study used the Bacillus anthracis STI-1 vaccine strain and a nutrient medium for its cultivation, containing a 70:30 mixture of an enzymatic digest of casein and a pre-processed corn extract solution. Drying of the nutrient medium was carried out on a spray-drying unit. The authors evaluated physicochemical parameters of experimental medium batches. The shelf life was determined by an accelerated stability study. The dry nutrient medium was used to produce a live anthrax vaccine. Quality attributes of the vaccine were assessed for compliance with regulatory requirements. Results: The authors developed the dry media production technology. According to it, the liquid nutrient medium is fed to the drying unit at a rate of 20–25 dm3/h. The spray air pressure is 0.02 MPa. Temperatures at the drying chamber inlet and outlet are 118–122 °С and 85–90 °С, respectively. The technology was used to obtain 3 experimental batches of the dry medium. The study results demonstrate that the technology is reproducible, and the tested quality attributes of experimental medium batches are consistent with the requirements. According to the accelerated stability study, the shelf life of the dry nutrient medium at 2–30 °С is at least 3 years. Experiments demonstrated the possibility of using the dry nutrient medium for live anthrax vaccine production. Critical quality attributes of the vaccine obtained with the medium met regulatory requirements. Conclusions: The developed technology allows for the production of a standard dry nutrient medium with a prolonged shelf life, which is convenient for live anthrax vaccine production.

The aim of the study was to improve the procedure for the Yersinia pestis EV strain cell concentration using the system for tangential flow microfiltration with the ASF-020 filter support unit.Materials and methods. The study used the vaccine Y. pestis EV strain derived from NIIEG cell line. Submerged cultivation of the native culture was performed using BIOR-0.25 reactor with automated control system. Microbial suspension concentrate was produced through microfiltration applying (Adaptive filtration system) AFS-009 and AFS-020 installations. The content of live microbial cells was determined by cytorefractometry. Assessment of the resistance of Y. pestis EV strain cells to technological factors was performed by photometric registration of changes in the optical density of bacterial suspension during the lytic response of cells to sodium dodecyl sulfate. Physical-chemical and immunobiological properties of the dry live plague vaccine were determined in accordance with the pharmacopoeial item.3.3.1.0021.15 of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation, 14th edition.Results and discussion. The design features of the equipment introduced made it possible to carry out membrane filtration of microbial suspension, using BIOR-0.25 reactor as an intermediate storage unit, thereby excluding three technological stages. The total concentration of microbes in the suspension obtained by routine and improved methods was more than 150 billion microbial cells per ml. A comparative study of the effect of various hydrodynamic regimes in the working cavities of AFS-009 and AFS-020 filter units did not significantly affect the morphometric properties and resistance of microbial cultures to extreme (technological) factors. Based on the experimental data, the mass balance of the membrane filtration process has been determined. The optimized technology gave 0.13 liter yield of concentrate from 1 liter of native culture, and the process duration was reduced to 5 hours, the yield of the finished product in one production cycle was increased by 3 times. Thus, the process of concentrating Y. pestis EV strain cells during the production of the tablet form of live plague vaccine has been enhanced. A comparative study of the morphometric properties and resistance of plague microbe cultures to technological factors in the process of their concentration using optimized technology did not reveal any significant differences as compared to the routine one. Technological stage of concentrating has been reduced to 5 h term with a three-fold increase in the yield of finished product.

To date, the technology of live plague vaccine production uses a combined method of concentrating microbial cells which consists of three operations with a total duration of 18 hours. The procedure of obtaining concentrate, which is used in the current vaccine production technology, has a number of disadvantages, namely: multiple operations, high energy consumption, long duration, and, as a consequence, low yield of concentrated suspension (0.04 l from 1 l of native culture). The aim of the study was to optimise the procedure of Yersinia pestis ЕV microbial cell concentration using the system for tangential flow microfiltration with the ASF-020 filter support unit. Materials and methods: the vaccine strain used in the study was Yersinia pestis ЕV derived from NIIEG cell line (the strain of the Research Institute of Epidemiology and Hygiene). Submerged cultivation of the native culture was performed using the BIOR-0.25 reactor. The content of live microbial cells was determined by cytorefractometry. Oxidative metabolism was assessed using the chronoamperometric method. Physico-chemical and immunobiological properties of the dry live plague vaccine were assessed according to the monograph FS.3.3.1.0022.15 of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation, 14 edition. Results: the equipment’s design features made it possible to carry out membrane filtration of the microbial suspension using the BIOR-0.25 reactor as an intermediate storage unit, thereby excluding three technological stages. The total concentration of microbes in the suspension obtained by the routine and the optimised methods was not less than 120 billion microbial cells/ml. A comparative study of the effect of various hydrodynamic regimes in the working cavities of ASF-009 and ASF020 filter units did not significantly affect the morphometric and physiological properties of microbial cultures. Experimental data helped to determine the process mass balance of membrane filtration. The optimised technology gave 0.17 l yield of the concentrate from 1 l of native culture, and the process duration was reduced to 4 hours. Conclusions: the process of concentrating Y. pestis EV microbial cells during production of plague vaccines was optimised. A comparative study of morphometric and physiological properties of plague microbe cultures that was carried out during their concentration using the optimised technology did not reveal any significant differences as compared to the routine one.

This article explores the implementation of mobile applications in the training of future doctors studying the Ukrainian language. The authors conducted a descriptive survey to explore the types of language learning apps commonly used by foreign students studying Ukrainian at the Poltava State Medical University. Furthermore, the effectiveness of these applications for the development of language skills was identified and analyzed. The authors have demonstrated that most smartphone and tablet apps can be effectively used for learning new vocabulary, grammar, spelling rules, and developing writing and speaking skills in Ukrainian for foreign students. The descriptive survey indicated that students generally hold a positive attitude towards the use of apps for language learning. Among the students surveyed, grammar and vocabulary apps were found to be the most popular, while speaking and writing apps were less favored. The authors have also identified the advantages and disadvantages of using language learning apps. The article provides a careful analysis of the essence, principles, strengths, and weaknesses of mobile applications, as well as their pedagogical significance in the context of studying the Ukrainian language at medical universities. It emphasizes that educational mobile applications used by teachers of Ukrainian as a foreign language create an environment that facilitates information retention, promotes interaction between students, and develops their language skills. Mobile applications allow students to personalize their learning by choosing the content and pace, making them convenient for self-directed and distance learning. The data and results obtained from this study can be used to improve educational materials through mobile applications for learning Ukrainian as a foreign language. The findings contribute to research on mobile-assisted language learning and the design of educational apps by shedding light on students' preferences for acquiring different language skills. [Note: The page range (103-122) shown on the PDF is incorrect. The correct page range is 103-121.]

Nowadays, problem of tableted drug form contamination with extraneous micro-flora is in the spotlight of scientists, as the specific share of these medical preparations in the world market amounts to more than 60 % and has a tendency to increase. Thus, objective of the study is to investigate the degree of contamination of the basic and auxiliary raw materials at different stages of live plague vaccine manufacturing, rapid dissolving tablets, and the ways to reduce it. Materials and methods. Utilized has been lyophilized Y. pestis live culture of the vaccine strain EV NIIEG, and the live plague vaccine, rapid dissolving tablets. Carried out has been assessment of “microbiological purity” at different stages of tableted live plague vaccine manufacturing: grinding, mixing, granulation, sublimation, and palletizing. Results and conclusions. Identified is the dynamic pattern of quantitative micro-flora composition of the mentioned above drug. Established is the alteration of microbial impurity at separate technological manufacturing steps. Specified is the technological stage with the most expressed contamination. Analysis of factors, which affect vaccine impurity, has revealed that finished dosage-form quality improvement is impossible without incoming control of stock and auxiliary materials, as well as enhancement of manufacturing procedure up to the level, complying with applicable pharmaceutical production standards. It is experimentally proved that series of tableted live plague vaccine, obtained using modernized technological equipment, provide for 3-fold reduction of contamination.

The problem of the formation and development of motivation to learn occupies one of the central places in educational institutions. Its relevance is due to the priority areas of development and modernization of education. In the article, the authors analyzed the motivation for learning a foreign language, the factors that affect it. Analysis of the literature revealed two main factors that can increase students' motivation to learn a second foreign language. The authors examined the maximum effectiveness of increasing student motivation to learn a second foreign language as a synergy of three components: the teacher's personality, which can create a safe motivating environment, focusing on other people's culture and the connection between two foreign languages. The authors proposed psychological and methodological tools to increase the motivation of students to learn two foreign languages. A distinctive feature is the synergy of 3 components (personality of the teacher, safe motivating environment and connection between two foreign languages). This toolkit was tested in 2 stages during 2019-2021 and showed its effectiveness.

PURPOSE: Selinexor is the first selective inhibitor of nuclear export to be approved for the treatment of relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (MM). Currently, there are no known genomic biomarkers or assays to help select MM patients at higher likelihood of response to selinexor. Here, we aimed to characterize the transcriptomic correlates of response to selinexor-based therapy. METHODS: We performed RNA sequencing on CD138+ cells from the bone marrow of 100 patients with MM who participated in the BOSTON study, followed by differential gene expression and pathway analysis. Using the differentially expressed genes, we used cox proportional hazard models to identify a gene signature predictive of response to selinexor, followed by validation in external cohorts. RESULTS: The three-gene signature predicts response to selinexor-based therapy in patients with MM in the BOSTON cohort. Then, we validated this gene signature in 64 patients from the STORM cohort of triple-class refractory MM and additionally in an external cohort of 35 patients treated in a real-world setting outside of clinical trials. We found that the signature tracks with both depth and duration of response, and it also validates in a different tumor type using a cohort of pretreatment tumors from patients with recurrent glioblastoma. Furthermore, the genes involved in the signature, WNT10A, DUSP1, and ETV7, reveal a potential mechanism through upregulated interferon-mediated apoptotic signaling that may prime tumors to respond to selinexor-based therapy. CONCLUSION: In this study, we present a present a novel, three-gene expression signature that predicts selinexor response in MM. This signature has important clinical relevance as it could identify patients with cancer who are most likely to benefit from treatment with selinexor-based therapy.

Quarantine measures in connection to the COVID-19 pandemic challenged the education system in Ukraine, like the education systems of other countries. This manifested over the course of three years in an increased need to develop distance learning online. Also, teacher ability to use digital tools, such as information communication technology (ICT), for instruction online is crucial in wartime circumstances in Ukraine. We describe the effects of school lockdown on teachers in Ukraine and how this affected teacher abilities to use distance instruction online in wartime circumstances. Drawing on a large-scale survey of 54,254 educators conducted in January-February 2022, we report on challenges and needs identified by teachers in Ukraine. The survey collected responses from teachers and other categories of educators. Our analysis of survey findings focus on key challenges and needs of teachers and schools during the COVID-19 quarantine. Respondents identified the following challenges: (1) lacking access to ICT equipment; (2) lacking access to stable high-speed internet; (3) an insufficient level of knowledge and skills in using ICTs ("digital competence"). The study on which this article reports outlined possibilities for the professional development of teachers in Ukraine, complemented with a teacher self-assessment of digital competence. The findings demonstrate that methods for organising online education in wartime circumstances in Ukraine benefit from the active interaction of all participants in the education process, their adaptability to changing learning conditions, continued communication about needs, notably teacher abilities to use ICT, and the ICT capacity of institutions.

Today there is a downward trend in the credibility of the humanities in university education including philosophy, it is evidenced by the reduction of popularity and the number of teaching hours. Nevertheless, according to students and professors, philosophy is an interesting and necessary discipline for specialists of various knowledge areas. The article is devoted to the study of the basic purpose and features of teaching philosophical disciplines at tertiary educational institutions. Training specialists in various fields in times of urgent need for total revision of the educational paradigm and principles of teaching not only in tertiary education but also throughout the entire system of Ukrainian education as a whole. In the course of the investigation, the methods of interdisciplinary approach, system analysis, social-cultural method, social-activity and concrete-historical approach have been applied. In the framework of the study conducted, the basic functions of philosophical disciplines have been identified that make them an integral part of the educational process at the tertiary educational institution, namely: a) philosophy as a system of world perception formation; b) philosophy as a methodology of scientific research; c) philosophy as the grounding of moral and ethical education; d) philosophy as the basis for critical thinking formation. In the course of investigation it was possible to identify some of the most important general formation principles of the required competences while studying philosophical disciplines, which are further necessary for the comprehensive learning of educational material at a sufficient level. Innovative principles and technologies of modern education help create the relevant matrix of pedagogical design, which makes it possible to better understand the processes and phenomena studied in different disciplines, to comprehend them, to conduct reflection. In the article it was possible to analyze the value of philosophical education for students of tertiary educational institutions of all training areas, to prove the need for such knowledge for the formation of professional, scientific, research, political and social competences of a future adult human, a responsible worker and a concerned citizen.

While therapies targeting CD19 by antibodies, chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T), and T cell engagers have improved the response rates in B cell malignancies, the emergence of resistant cell populations with low CD19 expression can lead to relapsed disease. We developed an in vitro model of adaptive resistance facilitated by chronic exposure of leukemia cells to a CD19 immunotoxin. Single-cell RNA-Seq (scRNA- Seq) showed an increase in transcriptionally distinct [CD19.sup.lo] populations among resistant cells. Mass cytometry demonstrated that CD22 was also decreased in these [CD19.sup.lo]-resistant cells. An assay for transposase- accessible chromatin with sequencing (ATAC-Seq) showed decreased chromatin accessibility at promoters of both CD19 and CD22 in the resistant cell populations. Combined loss of both CD19 and CD22 antigens was validated in samples from pediatric and young adult patients with B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) that relapsed after CD19 CAR-T-targeted therapy. Functionally, resistant cells were characterized by slower growth and lower basal levels of MEK activation. [CD19.sup.lo] resistant cells exhibited preserved B cell receptor signaling and were more sensitive to both Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) and MEK inhibition. These data demonstrate that resistance to CD19 immunotherapies can result in decreased expression of both CD19 and CD22 and can result in dependency on BTK pathways., Introduction Although much progress has been made in the treatment of B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), relapsed and refractory disease is an ongoing problem. The development of CD19 chimeric [...]