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Objective: to investigate the nosological pattern of primary disability due to osteoarthritis (OA) in the Irkutsk Region in 2012–2016, its severity, age- and gender-related features.Material and methods. A continuous method was used to analyze the database on the newly recognized as disabled due to OA in the Irkutsk Region in 2012–2018. The pattern, degree of disability, its age- and gender-related characteristics were studied.Results and discussion. Among those who were the newly recognized as disabled due to OA in 2012–2014, there was the largest proportion of patients with knee OA (46.6 to 52.7%, respectively). There was a preponderance of the disabled due to hip OA in 2015–2016 (55.3% and 65.3%, respectively). Among the OA patients with newly established disability during the analyzed period, there was a preponderance of women, but their proportion in 2016 was smaller than that in 2012 (54.4 and 74.2%, respectively). The decrease was mainly due to women with polyarticular OA (83.5% in 2012; 67.5% in 2016), hip OA (54.3 and 42.0%), or knee OA (87.2 and 80.4%, respectively). Most of the disabled people with OA were pensioners (64.7% for an average of 5 years). Over the past 3 years, the proportion of disabled young people (aged less than 44 years) substantially increased from 7.1% in 2014 to 15.3% in 2016 and that of disabled adult people rose from 21.2% in 2014 to 30.1% in 2016. Among the disabled with hip joint damage, young and adult patients were more and pensioners were fewer than among those with polyarticular OA (16.8 and 3.1%; 31.5 and 23.5%; 51.9 and 73.4% for an average of 5 years, respectively).Knee OA-associated disability was established mainly in pensioners (80.2%), while the proportion of young people was only 2.0%, which was much fewer than in those with hip OA, polyarticular OA, and other variants of the disease (9.2%). The proportion of disabled adult persons was also fewer (18.1% for an average of 5 years). According to the severity of disability due to OA, the largest one was group with class III disability (81.7% in 2012 to 90.9% in 2015). Group with class II disability were much less – from 16.1 to 8.3%, respectively. The minimum number of patients was recognized as having class I disability. The last five years have been marked by an improvement in the pattern of polyarticular OA and osteoarthritis-related primary disability according to its severity, by reducing the proportion of people in the most severe groups with class I and II disability and by increasing the proportion of people having class III disability. The increase in the proportion of people with class II disability due to hip OA to 22.3% in 2016 from 11.4% in 2015 was due to isolated cases of complications after hip replacement.

Objective: to study the rates of primary disability due to musculoskeletal and connective tissue diseases (MSCTD) in the Irkutsk Region in 2013–2015 (in relation to age, gender, and urban or rural residence) and its nosological pattern.Material and methods. A continuous method was used to analyze the database on the newly recognized as disabled due to MSCTD in the Irkutsk Region in 2013–2015. The rates were calculated per 10,000 adult population; the pattern was estimated as a percent.Results and discussion. The rates of primary disability due to MSCTD in the Irkutsk Region were higher than those in the Russian Federation as a whole. Its reduction from 10.4 per 10,000 population in 2013 to 10.3 in 2014 and to 5.9 in 2015 was noted in the adults. Osteoarthritis headed the list of the causes of primary disability in the adults (45.5% in 2015) whereas dorsopathies did in the able-bodied (45.9% in 2015, 47.1% in 2014, and 48.2% in 2013). Osteoarthritis ranked first in the retirement-aged (61.5% in 2015, 75.1% in 2014, and 72% in 2013); it occupied the second place in the able-bodied (31.6% in 2015, 36.3% in 2014, and 38.2% in 2013). Rheumatoid arthritis was third among both the able-bodied and the retirement-aged. Higher disability rates were observed in the urban residents over all the years. The women became disabled more frequently than the men. In 2015, the primary disability rates among the men were 5.2, those among the women were 6.4 per 10,000 population; these were 9.2 and 19.4 and 8.4 and 12.1 in 2014 and 2013, respectively. The lower rates of disability due to MSCTD may be attributable to both the greater availability of high-quality and high-tech medical care for patients and the changes in normative documents on disability criteria.

Materials and methods. The population-based cohort analysis was performed of the database of primary disabled in Irkutsk region due to the DDS for the period of 2013-2015. Morbidity rate of primary disablement was calculated for 10 000 of the population; nosology, age, gender specific structure of primary disablement was calculated in percentage. Results. The level of primary disablement due to DDs in the Irkutsk region was higher (2013, 2015 - 1.7; 2014 - 1.9) than in the Russian Federation (2013,2014 -1.2 per 10 000 of population). Working-age persons prevailed (in 2013, 2015 - 71.3 %, in 2014 - 73.9 %). The level was higher among the urban residents of the Irkutsk region (2015 - 1.8) than in rural areas (1.1 per 10 000 of people). In 2015, the share of men began to dominate (52.3 %, in 2013 - 45.4 %). Structure of primary disablement due to DDS deteriorated with increasing share of persons with the first and the second group disabilities - from 47.3 % in 2013 to 56.1 % in 2015. Liver cirrhosis is the most common cause for primary disability among DDS, its share increased from 66.8 % in 2013 to 75.2 % in 2015. The rate increased from 1.1 in 2013 to 1.3 per 10 000 people in 2015. Bowel disease has the second place with its share reduced from 23.0 % in 2013 to 12.3 % in 2015. The third place belongs to chronic pancreatitis.

The article describes the results of a research on polycondensation “in situ” in the process of partial hydrolysis of dimethyldimetoxysilane and dimethyldiacetoxysilane as compared with similar data for the dimethyldichlorosilane and homofunctional condensation of dimethylsilandiol. The effect of the molar ratio of components on the composition of products of partial hydrolysis of the functional dimethylsilanes and dependence of the monomer conversion degree (Xm) vs. conversion of functional groups (Xf) are presented. It is shown that as the conversion of functional groups in composition products increases the share of dimethylcyclosiloxanes and reaches more than 99% (when Xf →1). It is found that among the monomers (CH3)2Si(OCH3)2 < (CH3)2Si(OCOCH3)2 ≈ (CH3)2SiCl2 the proportion of unit-to-unit assembling of oligomeric molecules, which are created by heterofunctional condensation of hydrolysis products and the proportion of organocyclosiloxanes are increasing. It is assumed that the heterophase process which is responsible for the lack of hydrolyzing agent due to its slow diffusion is the cause of the unit-to-unit assembling.

This study aims to assess the work of supervisory and control authorities in the field of education, as well as to create public control mechanisms for monitoring their activities and the quality of higher education. The research is based on the sociological data obtained by interviewing the members of civil society and the representatives of the education system. The methodological basis of the research is a systematic, comprehensive, structural-functional, institutional approach to the consideration of the public control in the education system. A permanent network of expert organizations should form for education quality. Control and supervisory authorities in the field of education should work more closely with the representatives of civil society. This can be performed through the organization of public councils within the control and supervisory authorities, and in higher educational institutions. The changes in the organization and implementation of public control in higher educational institutions are needed, namely: development of clear and objective procedures for assessing the quality of public university educational services; eliminating unnecessary formalities and bureaucracy in higher education during testing; ensuring greater transparency and accessibility of the results of the state audit to familiarize the public with the reports via the Internet. State regulatory authorities should evaluate not only the educational process, but also the educational activities of higher educational institutions.

Most psycholinguistic models of reading aloud and of speech production do not include linguistic representations more fine-grained than the phoneme, despite the fact that the available empirical evidence suggests that feature-level representations are activated during reading aloud and speech production. In a series of masked-priming experiments that employed the reading aloud task, we investigated effects of phonological features, such as voicing, place of articulation, and constriction location, on response latencies in English and Russian. We propose a hypothesis that predicts greater likelihood of obtaining feature-priming effects when the onsets of the prime and the target share more feature values than when they share fewer. We found that prime-target pairs whose onsets differed only in voicing (e.g., /p/-/b/) primed each other consistently in Russian, as has already been found in English. Response latencies for prime-target pairs whose onsets differed in place of articulation (e.g., /b/-/d/) patterned differently in English and Russian. Prime-target pairs whose onsets differed in constriction location only (e.g., /s/ and /[voiceless retroflex fricative]/) did not yield a priming effect in Russian. We conclude that feature-priming effects are modulated not only by the phonological similarity between the onsets of primes and targets but also by the dynamics of feature activation and by the language-specific relationship between orthography and phonology. Our findings suggest that feature-level representations need to be included in models of reading aloud and of speech production if we are to move forward with theorizing in these research domains.

Aim: The study aims to evaluate the incidence of recurrent thromboses in patients with primary antiphospholipid syndrome (PAPS) and its association with the presence of different antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) and known thrombogenic risk factors. Methods: This retrospective study included 52 patients. The median age of the patients was 38.5 years [31.5; 43.5], and the duration of the disease was 9.0 years [3.1; 13.0]. aPLs, including IgG/IgM/IgA antibodies to cardiolipin (aCLs), IgG/IgM/IgA anti-beta2-glycoprotein I (anti-β2-GPI), IgG anti-domain I-β2-GPI (anti-β2-GPI DI) antibodies, IgG/IgM antibodies to the phosphatidylserine/prothrombin complex (aPS/PT), and other thrombosis risk factors were included for analysis. Results: Recurrent thrombosis was reported in 34 (65%) out of 52 patients and 18 (35%) did not have it. The main reason for the recurrence of thrombosis was the lack of anticoagulant therapy: in 18 (52.9%) out of 34 patients with recurrent thrombosis. Three patients were taking warfarin at the time of thrombosis recurrence, but target international normalized ratio (INR) levels were not achieved. Other patients with recurrent thrombosis were taking direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). The risk of recurrent thrombotic events with positive IgG aCL was 10.33 (P = 0.002) and 21 (P = 0.007) times higher were examined in enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) and chemiluminescent assay (CLA), respectively. The risk of thrombosis was 4.58 times higher in patients who were IgA aCL-positive (P = 0.01). Compared with other antibodies, with positive IgG values of anti-β2-GPI and IgG aPS/PT by ELISA, a lower probability of thrombosis recurrence was observed: 7.56 and 7.25, respectively. A high risk of recurrent thrombosis [odds ratio (OR) = 32.0] was observed in IgG anti-β2-GPI (CLA). The combination of IgG aCL with IgG anti-β2-GPI and with IgG anti-β2-GPIDI is more informative with respect to the risks of thrombosis recurrence compared to double positivity for aCL with anti-β2-GPI (OR = 20.71 vs. OR = 10.18). Triple positivity for IgG aCL with IgG anti-β2-GPI and with IgG aPS/PT also shows better results compared to positivity for aCL with anti-β2-GPI (OR = 6.06 vs. OR = 5.79). Among other risk factors, arterial hypertension (AH) and obesity were significant in relation to the recurrence of thrombosis. AH occurred in 22 (42%) of 52 patients with PAPS. AH was associated with recurrent thrombosis in PAPS patients: 18 (53%) out of 34 with recurrent thrombosis had AH versus 4 out of 18 without recurrent thrombosis (P = 0.003). Conclusions: Recurrent thrombosis in antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is largely associated with IgG aCL, IgG anti-β2-GPI, IgG anti-β2-GPIDI, IgG aPS/PT, and IgA aCL positivity. AH was a significant risk factor for recurrent thrombosis.