1. Cellular Metals: Fabrication, Properties and Applications.
- Author
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Duarte, Isabel, Duarte, Isabel, Fiedler, Thomas, Krstulović-Opara, Lovre, and Vesenjak, Matej
- Subjects
Technology: general issues ,A-242 alloy ,CALPHAD ,MWCNT ,SIMA process ,X-ray computed tomography ,X-ray radioscopy ,X-ray tomography ,X-ray tomoscopy ,acoustic characterization ,age hardening ,aluminium alloy foam ,aluminum alloy foams ,aluminum alloys ,aluminum foam ,aluminum matrix foam composite (AMFC) ,anisotropy ,beverage cans ,cellular materials ,cellular metals ,chemical oxidation ,clogging ,composites ,compression test ,computational simulation ,continuous production ,crystal inspiration ,cuckoo search algorithm ,direct foaming method ,drainage ,elasticity ,electroless deposition nickel ,enclosed gas ,energy absorption ,epoxy resin ,expansion ,experimental tests ,experimental validation ,explosive compaction ,fabrication ,finite element simulation ,foam ,friction welding ,gradient compressed porous metal ,grain refinement ,graphene oxide ,graphene-based materials ,hybrid structures ,infrared thermography ,lattice material ,liquid fraction, X-ray diffraction ,mechanical ,mechanical characterization ,mechanical properties ,mechanics of materials ,melt treatment ,metal foam ,metallography ,metallurgy ,microstructure ,modification ,multiaxial yielding ,n/a ,nanocomposites ,open-cell aluminum foam ,open-cell foam ,optimal parameters ,plasticity ,polyurethane foam ,pore morphology ,porosity ,porous metal ,powder metallurgy ,precipitation phase ,primary crystals ,recycle ,recycling ,semi-solid ,slope casting ,sound absorption performance ,theoretical modeling ,thermal and acoustic properties ,thermal characterization ,topology optimisation ,unidirectional cellular structure - Abstract
Summary: Cellular solids and porous metals have become some of the most promising lightweight multifunctional materials due to their superior combination of advanced properties mainly derived from their base material and cellular structure. They are used in a wide range of commercial, biomedical, industrial, and military applications. In contrast to other cellular materials, cellular metals are non-flammable, recyclable, extremely tough, and chemically stable and are excellent energy absorbers. The manuscripts of this Special Issue provide a representative insight into the recent developments in this field, covering topics related to manufacturing, characterization, properties, specific challenges in transportation, and the description of structural features. For example, a presented strategy for the strengthening of Al-alloy foams is the addition of alloying elements (e.g., magnesium) into the metal bulk matrix to promote the formation of intermetallics (e.g., precipitation hardening). The incorporation of micro-sized and nano-sized reinforcement elements (e.g., carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide) into the metal bulk matrix to enhance the performance of the ductile metal is presented. New bioinspired cellular materials, such as nanocomposite foams, lattice materials, and hybrid foams and structures are also discussed (e.g., filled hollow structures, metal-polymer hybrid cellular structures).