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2. Maternal and neonatal outcomes after caesarean delivery in the African Surgical Outcomes Study: a 7-day prospective observational cohort study

Author

Abadagan, Hippolyte, Abbas, N, Abdelatif, A Ibrahim, Abdoulaye, Traoré, Abd-rouf, A, Abduljalil, A, Abdulrahman, A, Abdurazig, S, Abokris, A, Abozaid, W, Abugassa, SOA, Abuhdema, F, Abujanah, SA, Abusamra, R, Abushnaf, A, Abusnina, SA, Abuzalout, TS, Ackermann, HM, Adamu, YB, Addanfour, A, Adeleke, DM, Adigun, TA, Adisa, AO, Adjignon, Sèhivè Valéry, Adu-Aryee, NA, Afolabi, BB, Agaba, AFX, Agaba, PKA, Aghadi, K, Agilla, H, Ahmed, B, Ahmed, El-Z, Ahmed, Al-J, Ahmed, M, Ahossi, Rene, Aji, SA, Akanyun, S, Akhideno, I, Akhter, M, Akinyemi, OA, Akkari, M, Akodjenou, Joseph, AL Samateh, AL, al Shams, ES, Alagbe-Briggs, OT, Alakkari, EA, Alalem, RB, Alashhab, M, Alatise, OI, Alatresh, A, Alayeb Alayeb, MSI, Albakosh, BA, Albert, F, Alberts, ANJD, Aldarrat, AD, Alfari, A, Alfetore, A, Algbali, M, Algddar, A, Algedar, HA, Alghafoud, IA, Alghazali, A, Alhajj, M, Alhendery Alhendery, A, Alhoty, FFH, Ali, A, Ali, YA, Alioune, Beye Seïdina, Alkassem, MA, Alkchr, MA, Alkesa, TS, Alkilani, A, Alkobty Alkobty, F, Allaye, Thomas, Alleesaib, SBM, Alli, A, Allopi, K, Allorto, NL, Almajbery, A, Almesmary, R, Almisslati, SHA, Almoraid, F, Alobeidi, H, Alomami, MA, Alphonsus, Christella S, Alqawi, OA, Alraheem, AA, Alsabri, SA, Alsayed, A, Alsellabi, B, Al-Serksi, M, Alshareef, MSA, Altagazi, AA, Aluvale, JS, Alwahedi, HW, Alzahra, EA, Alzarouk, MA, Al-Zubaidy, K, Amadou, M, Amadou, Maiga, Amanor-Boadu, Simbo D, Amer, Al-A, Amisi, BT, Amuthenu, MA, Anabah, TWA, Anani, Felix, Anderson, PGR, Andriamampionona, AGB, Andrianina, L, Anele, A, Angelin, R, Anjar, N, Antùnez, O, Antwi-Kusi, Akwasi, Anyanwu, LJC, Aribi, AA, Arowolo, OA, Arrey, O, Ashebir, Daniel Zemenfes, Assefa, SB, Assoum, Guy, Athanse, V, Athombo, JS, Atiku, M, Atito-Narh, E, Atomabe, Anatole, Attia, A, Aungraheeta, M, Aurélia, DMA, Ayandipo, OO, Ayebale, AET, Azzaidey, HMZ, Babajee, NB, Badi, HB, Badianga, EK, Baghni, RB, Bahta, MT, Bai, M, Baitchu, Y, Baloyi, AM, Bamuza, KA, Bamuza, MI, Bangure, L, Bankole, OB, Barongo, ML, Barow, MM, Basenero, Apollo, Bashiya, L, Basson, CH, Bechan, Sudha, Belhaj, S, Ben Mansour, MM, Benali, D, Benamour, ASB, Berhe, A, Bertie, JD, Bester, JJA, Bester, M, Bezuidenhout, JD, Bhagwan, K, Bhagwandass, DR, Bhat, KAP, Bhuiyan, MMZU, Biccard, Bruce M, Bigirimana, F, Bikuelo, CJ, Bilby, BE, Bingidimi, SS, Bischof, KE, Bishop, David G, Bitta, C, Bittaye, M, Biyase, Thuli, Blake, CA, Blignaut, E, Blignaut, F, BN Tanjong, BN, Bogoslovskiy, A, Boloko, PM, Boodhun, SKB, Bori, I, Boufas, F, Brand, M, Brouckaert, Nicholas T, Bruwer, JD, Buccimazza, I, Bula Bula, IM, Bulamba, Fred, Businge, BC, Bwambale, YB, Cacala, SRC, Cadersa, MA, Cairns, Chris, Carlos, F, Casey, ME, Castro, AC, Chabayanzara, ND, Chaibou, MS, Chaibva, TNO, Chakafa, NK, Chalo, C, Changfoot, C, Chari, MC, Chelbi, L, Chibanda, JT, Chifamba, HN, Chikh, N, Chikumba, E, Chimberengwa, P, Chirengwa, J, Chitungo, FM, Chiwanga, MC, Chokoe, MM, Chokwe, TM, Chrirangi, B, Christian, M, Church, B, Cisekedi, JC, Clegg-Lamptey, JN, Cloete, Estie, Coltman, Megan, Conradie, W, Constance, N, Coulibaly, Youssouf, Cronje, L, Da Silva, MA, Daddy, H, Dahim, L, Daliri, D, Dambaki, MS, Dasrath, A, Davids, JG, Davies, Gareth L, De Lange, JT, de Wet, JB, Dedekind, B, Degaulle, MA, Dehal, V, Deka, PD, Delinikaytis, S, Desalu, IS, Dewanou, Hubert, Deye, MB Moussa, Dhege, C, Diale, BSG, Dibwe, DF, Diedericks, BJS, Dippenaar, JM, Dippenaar, L, Diyoyo, MP, Djessouho, Edith, Dlamini, SN, Dodiyi-Manuel, A, Dokolwana, BA, Domoyyeri, DP, Drummond, Leanne W, du Plessis, DE, du Plessis, WM, du Preez, LJ, Dube, K, Dube, NZ, Dullab, KD, Duvenhage, R, Echem, RC, Edaigbini, SA, Egote, AK, Ehouni, A, Ekwen, G, Ekwunife, NC, El Hensheri, M, Elfaghi, IE, Elfagieh, MA, Elfallah, S, Elfiky, Mahmoud, Elgelany, S, Elghallal, AM, Elghandouri, MG, Elghazal, ZS, Elghobashy, AM, Elharati, FT, Elkhogia, Abdulaziz M, Elkhwildi, RM, Ellis, S, Elmadani, L, Elmadany, HB, Elmehdawi, H, Elmgadmi, A, Eloi, H, Elrafifi, D, Elsaadi, G, Elsaity, RB, Elshikhy, A, Eltaguri, M, Elwerfelli, A, Elyasir, IE, Elzoway, AZ, Elzufri, AM, Enendu, EO, Enicker, BC, Enwerem, EO, Esayas, R, Eshtiwi, M, Eshwehdi, AA, Esterhuizen, JL, Esterhuizen, Tonya M, Etuk, EB, Eurayet, O, Eyelade, OR, Fanjandrainy, RF, Fanou, Lionelle, Farina, Z, Fawzy, Maher, Feituri, A, Fernandes, NL, Ford, LM, Forget, Patrice, François, T, Freeman, T, Freeman, YBM, Gacii, VM, Gadi, B, Gagara, M, Gakenia, A, Gallou, PD, Gama, GGN, Gamal, MG, Gandy, YG, Ganesh, A, Gangaly, Diallo, Garcia, M, Gatheru, AP, Gaya, SSD, Gbéhadé, Oswald, Gerbel, G, Ghnain, A, Gigabhoy, R, Giles, DG, Girmaye, GT, Gitau, S, Githae, B, Gitta, Said, Gobin, Veekash, Goga, Riaz, Gomati, AAG, Gonzalez, ME, Gopall, J, Gordon, Christina Salmina, Gorelyk, O, Gova, M, Govender, K, Govender, P, Govender, S, Govindasamy, V, Green-Harris, JTK, Greenwood, MB, Grey-Johnson, SV, Grobbelaar, Mariette, Groenewald, MA, Grünewald, KK, Guegni, Ambroise, Guenane, M, Gueye, S, Guezo, Marius, Gunguwo, T, Gweder, MG, Gwila, M, Habimana, L, Hadecon, Rodrigue, Hadia, E, Hamadi, L, Hammouda, M, Hampton, MI, Hanta, R, Hardcastle, Tim C, Hariniaina, JA, Hariparsad, S, Harissou, AH, Harrichandparsad, R, Hasan, SHA, Hashmi, HB, Hayes, MP, Hdud, A, Hebli, SH, Heerah, HMSN, Hersi, S, Hery, AH, Hewitt-Smith, Adam, Hlako, TC, Hodges, SCH, Hodgson, Richard Eric, Hokoma, M, Holder, H, Holford, EB, Horugavye, E, Houston, C, Hove, M, Hugo, D, Human, CM, Hurri, H, Huwidi, O, Ibrahim, AI, Ibrahim, Traoré, Idowu, OK, Igaga, IE, Igenge, John, Ihezie, O, Ikandi, K, Ike, IAR, Ikuku, JJN, Ilbarasi, MN, Ilunga, IBB, Ilunga, JPM, Imbangu, NAV, Imessaoudene, Z, Imposo, DH, Iraya, AM, Isaacs, M, Isiguzo, M, Issoufou, A, Izquirdo, P, Jaber, A, Jaganath, UV, Jallow, CS, Jamabo, S, Jamal, ZS, Janneh, L, Jannetjies, MJ, Jasim, I, Jaworska, Megan AJ, Jay Narain, S, Jermi, K, Jimoh, R, Jithoo, S, Johnson, M, Joomye, S, Judicael, RM, Judicaël, M, Juwid, A, Jwambi, LP, Kabango, R, Kabangu, JK, Kabatoro, DK, Kabongo, AN, Kabongo, K, Kabongo, LT, Kabongo, MD, Kady, N, Kafu, S, Kaggya, M, Kaholongo, BNK, Kairuki, PCK, Kakololo, SI, Kakudji, K, Kalisa, Amina, Kalisa, R, Kalufwelu, MR, Kalume, S, Kamanda, RJ, Kangili, MK, Kanoun, H, Kapesa, Kapp, P, Karanja, JK, Karar, M, Kariuki, K, Kaseke, K, Kashuupulwa, PNK, Kasongo, KJP, Kassa, SK, Kateregga, GK, Kathrada, MIS, Katompwa, PM, Katsukunya, L, Kavuma, KAM, Khalfallah, Khamajeet, A, Khetrish, SB, Kibandwa, Kibochi, W, Kilembe, AM, Kintu, AK, Kipng'etich, B, Kiprop, B, Kissoon, VMK, Kisten, Theroshnie K, Kiwanuka, JK, Kluyts, Hyla-Louise, Knox, MEK, Koledale, AK, Koller, VL, Kolotsi, MA, Kongolo, M, Konwuoh, ND, Koperski, WJ, Koraz, MYK, Kornilov, AA, Koto, M Zach, Kransingh, Samantha, Krick, D, Kruger, S, Kruse, C, Kuhn, W, Kuhn, WP, Kukembila, AM, Kule, KL, Kumar, M, Kusel, Belinda S, Kusweje, VK, Kuteesa, KJ, Kutor, YY, Labib, MA, Laksari, M, Lanos, F, Lawal, TA, Le Manach, Yannick, Lee, C, Lekoloane, RM, Lelo, SN, Lerutla, B, Lerutla, MT, Levin, AI, Likongo, TB, Limbajee, ML, Linyama, DM, Lionnet, C, Liwani, MM, Loots, E, Lopez, A Garrido, Lubamba, CLC, Lumbala, KF, Lumbamba, AJM, Lumona, John, Lushima, RF, Luthuli, L, Luweesi, HL, Lyimo, TSK, Maakamedi, HM, Mabaso, BM, Mabina, M, Maboya, ME, Macharia, I, Macheka, AM, Machowski, AZ, Madiba, Thandinkosi E, Madsen, ASM, Madzimbamuto, Farai, Madzivhe, LJ, Mafafo, SC, Maghrabi, M, Mahamane, Diango Djibo, Maharaj, A, Maharaj, AD, Mahmud, MR, Mahoko, M, Mahomedy, NA, Mahomva, O, Mahureva, TM, Maila, RK, Maimane, DM, Maimbo, M, Maina, SN, Maiwald, Dela A, Maiyalagan, MD, Majola, N, Makgofa, N, Makhanya, V, Makhaye, WP, Makhlouf, NM, Makhoba, S, Makopa, EK, Makori, O, Makupe, Alex M, Makwela, MA, Malefo, ME, Malongwe, SM, Maluleke, DM, Maluleke, MR, Mamadou, K Touré, Mamaleka, MP, Mampangula, Y, Mamy, RM, Mananjara, MNR, Mandarry, MTM, Mangoo, DM, Manirimbere, C, Manneh, A, Mansour, A, Mansour, I, Manvinder, M, Manyere, DV, Manzini, VT, Manzombi, JK, Mapanda, PM, Marais, LC, Maranga, O, Maritz, JPB, Mariwa, FK, Masela, RS, Mashamba, MM, Mashava, Doreen M, Mashile, MV, Mashoko, E, Masia, OR, Masipa, JN, Masiyambiri, ATM, Matenchi, MW, Mathangani, W, Mathe, RC, Matola, Christopher Y, Matondo, PM, Matos-Puig, R, Matoug, FFH, Matubatuba, JT, Mavesere, HP, Mavhungu, R, Maweni, S, Mawire, CJM, Mawisa, T, Mayeza, S, Mbadi, R, Mbayabu, M, Mbewe, N, Mbombo, WD, Mbuyi, T, Mbuyi, WMS, Mbuyisa, MW, Mbwele, Bernard, Mehyaoui, RM, Menkiti, ID, Mesarieki, LVM, Metali, A, Mewanou, Serge, Mgonja, L, Mgoqo, N, Mhatu, S, Mhlari, TM, Miima, S, Milod, IM, Minani, P, Mitema, F, Mlotshwa, A, Mmasi, JE, Mniki, T, Mofikoya, BO, Mogale, JO, Mohamed, A, Mohamed, S, Mohamed, TS, Mohamed, AM, Mohamed, P, Mohammed, I, Mohammed, FAM, Mohammed, M, Mohammed, NM, Mohlala, MP, Mokretar, R, Molokoane, FM, Mongwe, KN, Montenegro, L, Montwedi, OD, Moodie, QK, Moopanar, M, Morapedi, M, Morulana, TG, Moses, VL, Mossy, P, Mostafa, H, Motilall, SR, Motloutsi, SP, Moussa, Kanté, Moutari, M, Moyo, OM, Mphephu, PE, Mrara, Busi, Msadabwe, C, Mtongwe, VM, Mubeya, FK, Muchiri, K, Mugambi, J, Muguti, GIM, Muhammad, AB, Mukama, IF, Mukenga, MM, Mukinda, FK, Mukuna, PM, Mungherera, ARW, Munlemvo, Dolly M, Munyaradzi, TW, Munyika, AA, Muriithi, JM, Muroonga, MP, Murray, R, Mushangwe, VK, Mushaninga, M, Musiba, VEM, Musowoya, JM, Mutahi, S, Mutasiigwa, MGH, Mutizira, G, Muturi, A, Muzenda, T, Mvwala, KR, Mvwama, NM, Mwale, A, Mwaluka, CN, Mwamba, JD, Mwanga, HAM, Mwangi, CM, Mwansa, S, Mwenda, V, Mwepu, IM, Mwiti, TM, Mzezewa, SZ, Nabela, L, Nabukenya, MTN, Nabulindo, SM, Naicker, K, Naidoo, D, Naidoo, L, Naidoo, LC, Naidoo, N, Naidoo, R, Naidoo, RD, Naidoo, S, Naidoo, TD, Naidu, TK, Najat, NZ, Najm, Y, Nakandungile, F, Nakangombe, P, Namata, CN, Namegabe, ES, Nansook, A, Nansubuga, NP, Nantulu, C, Nascimento, Rodrigue, Naude, GT, Nchimunya, H, Ndaie, MA, Ndarukwa, PN, Ndasi, Henry, Ndayisaba, Gabriel, Ndegwa, D, Ndikumana, R, Ndonga, Andrew KN, Ndung'u, C, Neil, MC, Nel, MS, Neluheni, EV, Nesengani, DS, Nesengani, NT, Netshimboni, LE, Ngalala, AM, Ngari, BM, Ngari, NBM, Ngatia, E, Ngcobo, GK, Ngcobo, TS, Ngorora, D, Ngouane, D, Ngugi, K, Ngumi, Zipporah WW, Nibe, Z, Ninise, E, Niyondiko, JC, Njenga, PW, Njenga, MN, Njoroge, M, Njoroge, S, Njuguna, W, Njuki, PN, Nkesha, T, Nkuebe, TN, Nkuliyingoma, NP, Nkunjana, M, Nkwabi, Ernest, Nkwine, RN, Nnaji, C, Notoane, I, Nsalamba, Shaaban, Ntlhe, LM, Ntoto, C, Ntueba, B, Nyassi, MT, Nyatela-Akinrinmade, Z, Nyawanda, HO, Nyokabi, NN, Nziene, VN, Obadiah, S, Ochieng, OJP, Odia, PK, Oduor, OEO, Ogboli-Nwasor, EO, Ogendo, SWO, Ogunbode, O, Ogundiran, TO, Ogutu, O, Ojewola, RW, Ojujo, M, Ojuka, DO, Okelo, OS, Okiya, S, Okonu, N, Olang, PR, Omigbodun, Akinyinka O, Omoding, S, Omoshoro-Jones, J, Onyango, R, Onyegbule, A, Orjiako, O, Osazuwa, MO, Oscar, Kpatinvo, Osinaike, BB, Osinowo, AO, Othin, OM, Otman, FFH, Otokwala, J, Ouanes, F, Oumar, Ongoïba, Ousseini, AO, Padayachee, S, Pahlana, SM, Pansegrouw, J, Paruk, FP, Patel, MB, Patel-Mujajati, Ushmaben, Patience, AP, Pearse, Rupert M, Pembe, JD, Pengemale, GN, Perez, N, Perez, MF Aguilera, Peter, A Mallier, Phaff, M, Pheeha, RM, Pienaar, BH, Pillay, V, Pilusa, KA, Pochana, MP, Polishchuk, O, Porrill, Owen S, Post, EF, Prosper, A, Pupyshev, M, Rabemazava, A, Rabiou, MS, Rademan, L, Rademeyer, M, Raherison, RAR, Rajah, FR, Rajcoomar, MSR, Rakhda, Z, Rakotoarijaona, AHR, Rakotoarisoa, AHN, Rakotoarison, Sylvia R, Rakotoarison, RR, Rakotoniaina, François, Ramadan, L, Ramananasoa, MLR, Rambau, M, Ramchurn, TPR, Ramilson, HE, Ramjee, Rajesh J, Ramnarain, H, Ramos, R, Rampai, TJ, Ramphal, SR, Ramsamy, T, Ramuntshi, R, Randolph, R, Randriambololona, DMA, Ras, WAP, Rasolondraibe, RAF, Rasolonjatovo, JDLC, Rautenbach, RM, Ray, S, Rayne, Sarah R, Razanakoto, FAR, Reddy, SR, Reed, Anthony R, Rian, JR, Rija, FR, Rink, B, Robelie, AT, Roberts, CA, Rocher, AGL, Rocher, S, Rodseth, Reitze N, Rois, I, Rois, W, Rokhsi, S, Roos, J, Rorke, Nicolette F, Roura, H, Rousseau, FJ, Rousseau, N, Royas, L, Roytowski, D, Rungan, Devan, Rwehumbiza, SSR, Ryabchiy, BB, Ryndine, V, Saaiman, CR, Sabwa, HK, Sadat, S, Saed, SS, Salaheddin, E, Salaou, H, Saleh, M, Salisu-Kabara, HM, Sama, Hamza Doles, Samateh, Ahmadou L, Sam-Awortwi (Jnr), W, Samuel, N, Sanduku, DK, Sani, Chaibou M, Sanyang, LN, Sarah, HN, Sarkin-Pawa, A, Sathiram, R, Saurombe, T, Schutte, H, Sebei, MP, Sedekounou, MD, Segooa, MP, Semenya, EM, Semo, BO, Sendagire, CS, Senoga, SA, Senusi, FS, Serdyn, T, Seshibe, MD, Shah, GB, Shamamba, R, Shambare, CS, Shangase, TN, Shanin, SH, Shefren, IE, Sheshe, AA, Shittu, OB, Shkirban, AS, Sholadoye, T, Shubba, A, Sigcu, N, Sihope, SE, Sikazwe, DS, Sikombe, BS, Simaga Abdoul, K, Simo, WAG, Singata, K, Singh, AS, Singh, S, Singh, Usha, Sinoamadi, V, Sipuka, N, Sithole, NLM, Sitima, S, Skinner, David Lee, Skinner, GC, Smith, OI, Smits, CAG, Sofia, MSI, Sogoba, Gaoussou, Sohoub, A, Sookun, SS, Sosinska, O, Souhe, Rosalie, Souley, G, Souleymane, Thiam, Spicer, JM, Spijkerman, Sandra, Steinhaus, H, Steyn, A, Steyn, G, Steyn, HC, Stoltenkamp, Heidi L, Stroyer, S, Swaleh, A, Swayeb, E, Szpytko, AJ, Taiwo, NA, Tarhuni, A, Tarloff, D, Tchaou, Blaise, Tchegnonsi, Charles, Tchoupa, M, Teeka, MO, Thakoor, B, Theunissen, MM, Thomas, BP, Thomas, MB, Thotharam, A, Tobiko, O, Torborg, AM, Tshisekedi, SM, Tshisola, SK, Tshitangano, R, Tshivhula, F, Tshuma, HT, Tumukunde, Janat, Tun, M, Udo, IA, Uhuebor, DI, Umeh, KU, Usenbo, AO, Uwiteyimbabazi, JdD, Van der Merwe, DJ, van der Merwe, FH, van der Walt, JE, van Dyk, Dominique, Van Dyk, JG, van Niekerk, JJS, van Wyk, S, van Zyl, HA, Veerasamy, B, Venter, PJ, Vermeulen, AJ, Villarreal, R, Visser, J, Visser, L, Voigt, M, von Rahden, Richard P, Wafa, A, Wafula, A, Wambugu, PK, Waryoba, P, Waweru, EN, Weideman, M, Wise, Robert D, Wynne, EE, Yahya, AI, Yahya, AA, Yahya, R, Yakubu, Y, Yanga, JJ, Yangazov, YM, Yousef, O, Yousef, G, Youssouf, Coulibaly, Yunus, AA, Yusuf, AS, Zeiton, AZ, Zentuti, HZ, Zepharine, Henry, Zerihun, AB, Zhou, S, Zidan, A, Zié, Sanogo Zimogo, Zinyemba, CZ, Zo, A, Zomahoun, Lidwine, Zoobei, NZ, Zoumenou, Eugene, Zubia, NZ, Bishop, David, Dyer, Robert A, Maswime, Salome, Tumukunde, Janat T, Madzimbamuto, Farai D, Ndonga, Andrew K N, Ngumi, Zipporah W W, and Mehyaoui, Ryad

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2019
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3. Perioperative patient outcomes in the African Surgical Outcomes Study: a 7-day prospective observational cohort study

Author

Abadagan, Hippolyte, Abbas, N, Abdelatif, A Ibrahim, Abdoulaye, Traoré, Abd-rouf, A, Abduljalil, A, Abdulrahman, A, Abdurazig, S, Abokris, A, Abozaid, W, Abugassa, SOA, Abuhdema, F, Abujanah, SA, Abusamra, R, Abushnaf, A, Abusnina, SA, Abuzalout, TS, Ackermann, HM, Adamu, YB, Addanfour, A, Adeleke, DM, Adigun, TA, Adisa, AO, Adjignon, Sèhivè Valéry, Adu-Aryee, NA, Afolabi, BB, Agaba, AFX, Agaba, PKA, Aghadi, K, Agilla, H, Ahmed, B, Ahmed, El-Z, Ahmed, Al-J, Ahmed, M, Ahossi, Rene, Aji, SA, Akanyun, S, Akhideno, I, Akhter, M, Akinyemi, OA, Akkari, M, Akodjenou, Joseph, AL Samateh, AL, al Shams, ES, Alagbe-Briggs, OT, Alakkari, EA, Alalem, RB, Alashhab, M, Alatise, OI, Alatresh, A, Alayeb Alayeb, MSI, Albakosh, BA, Albert, F, Alberts, ANJD, Aldarrat, AD, Alfari, A, Alfetore, A, Algbali, M, Algddar, A, Algedar, HA, Alghafoud, IA, Alghazali, A, Alhajj, M, Alhendery Alhendery, A, Alhoty, FFH, Ali, A, Ali, YA, Alioune, Beye Seïdina, Alkassem, MA, Alkchr, MA, Alkesa, TS, Alkilani, A, Alkobty Alkobty, F, Allaye, Thomas, Alleesaib, SBM, Alli, A, Allopi, K, Allorto, NL, Almajbery, A, Almesmary, R, Almisslati, SHA, Almoraid, F, Alobeidi, H, Alomami, MA, Alphonsus, Christella S, Alqawi, OA, Alraheem, AA, Alsabri, SA, Alsayed, A, Alsellabi, B, Al-Serksi, M, Alshareef, MSA, Altagazi, AA, Aluvale, JS, Alwahedi, HW, Alzahra, EA, Alzarouk, MA, Al-Zubaidy, K, Amadou, M, Amadou, Maiga, Amanor-Boadu, Simbo D, Amer, Al-A, Amisi, BT, Amuthenu, MA, Anabah, TWA, Anani, Felix, Anderson, PGR, Andriamampionona, AGB, Andrianina, L, Anele, A, Angelin, R, Anjar, N, Antùnez, O, Antwi-Kusi, Akwasi, Anyanwu, LJC, Aribi, AA, Arowolo, OA, Arrey, O, Ashebir, Daniel Zemenfes, Assefa, SB, Assoum, Guy, Athanse, V, Athombo, JS, Atiku, M, Atito-Narh, E, Atomabe, Anatole, Attia, A, Aungraheeta, M, Aurélia, DMA, Ayandipo, OO, Ayebale, AET, Azzaidey, HMZ, Babajee, NB, Badi, HB, Badianga, EK, Baghni, RB, Bahta, MT, Bai, M, Baitchu, Y, Baloyi, AM, Bamuza, KA, Bamuza, MI, Bangure, L, Bankole, OB, Barongo, ML, 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LT, Kabongo, MD, Kady, N, Kafu, S, Kaggya, M, Kaholongo, BNK, Kairuki, PCK, Kakololo, SI, Kakudji, K, Kalisa, Amina, Kalisa, R, Kalufwelu, MR, Kalume, S, Kamanda, RJ, Kangili, MK, Kanoun, H, Kapesa, Kapp, P, Karanja, JK, Karar, M, Kariuki, K, Kaseke, K, Kashuupulwa, PNK, Kasongo, KJP, Kassa, SK, Kateregga, GK, Kathrada, MIS, Katompwa, PM, Katsukunya, L, Kavuma, KAM, Khalfallah, Khamajeet, A, Khetrish, SB, Kibandwa, Kibochi, W, Kilembe, AM, Kintu, AK, Kipng'etich, B, Kiprop, B, Kissoon, VMK, Kisten, Theroshnie K, Kiwanuka, JK, Kluyts, Hyla-Louise, Knox, MEK, Koledale, AK, Koller, VL, Kolotsi, MA, Kongolo, M, Konwuoh, ND, Koperski, WJ, Koraz, MYK, Kornilov, AA, Koto, M Zach, Kransingh, Samantha, Krick, D, Kruger, S, Kruse, C, Kuhn, W, Kuhn, WP, Kukembila, AM, Kule, KL, Kumar, M, Kusel, Belinda S, Kusweje, VK, Kuteesa, KJ, Kutor, YY, Labib, MA, Laksari, M, Lanos, F, Lawal, TA, Le Manach, Yannick, Lee, C, Lekoloane, RM, Lelo, SN, Lerutla, B, Lerutla, MT, Levin, AI, Likongo, TB, Limbajee, ML, Linyama, DM, Lionnet, C, Liwani, MM, Loots, E, Lopez, A Garrido, Lubamba, CLC, Lumbala, KF, Lumbamba, AJM, Lumona, John, Lushima, RF, Luthuli, L, Luweesi, HL, Lyimo, TSK, Maakamedi, HM, Mabaso, BM, Mabina, M, Maboya, ME, Macharia, I, Macheka, AM, Machowski, AZ, Madiba, Thandinkosi E, Madsen, ASM, Madzimbamuto, Farai, Madzivhe, LJ, Mafafo, SC, Maghrabi, M, Mahamane, Diango Djibo, Maharaj, A, Maharaj, AD, Mahmud, MR, Mahoko, M, Mahomedy, NA, Mahomva, O, Mahureva, TM, Maila, RK, Maimane, DM, Maimbo, M, Maina, SN, Maiwald, Dela A, Maiyalagan, MD, Majola, N, Makgofa, N, Makhanya, V, Makhaye, WP, Makhlouf, NM, Makhoba, S, Makopa, EK, Makori, O, Makupe, Alex M, Makwela, MA, Malefo, ME, Malongwe, SM, Maluleke, DM, Maluleke, MR, Mamadou, K Touré, Mamaleka, MP, Mampangula, Y, Mamy, RM, Mananjara, MNR, Mandarry, MTM, Mangoo, DM, Manirimbere, C, Manneh, A, Mansour, A, Mansour, I, Manvinder, M, Manyere, DV, Manzini, VT, Manzombi, JK, Mapanda, PM, Marais, LC, Maranga, O, Maritz, JPB, Mariwa, FK, Masela, RS, Mashamba, MM, Mashava, Doreen M, Mashile, MV, Mashoko, E, Masia, OR, Masipa, JN, Masiyambiri, ATM, Matenchi, MW, Mathangani, W, Mathe, RC, Matola, Christopher Y, Matondo, PM, Matos-Puig, R, Matoug, FFH, Matubatuba, JT, Mavesere, HP, Mavhungu, R, Maweni, S, Mawire, CJM, Mawisa, T, Mayeza, S, Mbadi, R, Mbayabu, M, Mbewe, N, Mbombo, WD, Mbuyi, T, Mbuyi, WMS, Mbuyisa, MW, Mbwele, Bernard, Mehyaoui, RM, Menkiti, ID, Mesarieki, LVM, Metali, A, Mewanou, Serge, Mgonja, L, Mgoqo, N, Mhatu, S, Mhlari, TM, Miima, S, Milod, IM, Minani, P, Mitema, F, Mlotshwa, A, Mmasi, JE, Mniki, T, Mofikoya, BO, Mogale, JO, Mohamed, A, Mohamed, S, Mohamed, TS, Mohamed, AM, Mohamed, P, Mohammed, I, Mohammed, FAM, Mohammed, M, Mohammed, NM, Mohlala, MP, Mokretar, R, Molokoane, FM, Mongwe, KN, Montenegro, L, Montwedi, OD, Moodie, QK, Moopanar, M, Morapedi, M, Morulana, TG, Moses, VL, Mossy, P, Mostafa, H, Motilall, SR, Motloutsi, SP, Moussa, Kanté, Moutari, M, Moyo, OM, Mphephu, PE, Mrara, Busi, Msadabwe, C, Mtongwe, VM, Mubeya, FK, Muchiri, K, Mugambi, J, Muguti, GIM, Muhammad, AB, Mukama, IF, Mukenga, MM, Mukinda, FK, Mukuna, PM, Mungherera, ARW, Munlemvo, Dolly M, Munyaradzi, TW, Munyika, AA, Muriithi, JM, Muroonga, MP, Murray, R, Mushangwe, VK, Mushaninga, M, Musiba, VEM, Musowoya, JM, Mutahi, S, Mutasiigwa, MGH, Mutizira, G, Muturi, A, Muzenda, T, Mvwala, KR, Mvwama, NM, Mwale, A, Mwaluka, CN, Mwamba, JD, Mwanga, HAM, Mwangi, CM, Mwansa, S, Mwenda, V, Mwepu, IM, Mwiti, TM, Mzezewa, SZ, Nabela, L, Nabukenya, MTN, Nabulindo, SM, Naicker, K, Naidoo, D, Naidoo, L, Naidoo, LC, Naidoo, N, Naidoo, R, Naidoo, RD, Naidoo, S, Naidoo, TD, Naidu, TK, Najat, NZ, Najm, Y, Nakandungile, F, Nakangombe, P, Namata, CN, Namegabe, ES, Nansook, A, Nansubuga, NP, Nantulu, C, Nascimento, Rodrigue, Naude, GT, Nchimunya, H, Ndaie, MA, Ndarukwa, PN, Ndasi, Henry, Ndayisaba, Gabriel, Ndegwa, D, Ndikumana, R, Ndonga, Andrew KN, Ndung'u, C, Neil, MC, Nel, MS, Neluheni, EV, Nesengani, DS, Nesengani, NT, Netshimboni, LE, Ngalala, AM, Ngari, BM, Ngari, NBM, Ngatia, E, Ngcobo, GK, Ngcobo, TS, Ngorora, D, Ngouane, D, Ngugi, K, Ngumi, Zipporah WW, Nibe, Z, Ninise, E, Niyondiko, JC, Njenga, PW, Njenga, MN, Njoroge, M, Njoroge, S, Njuguna, W, Njuki, PN, Nkesha, T, Nkuebe, TN, Nkuliyingoma, NP, Nkunjana, M, Nkwabi, Ernest, Nkwine, RN, Nnaji, C, Notoane, I, Nsalamba, Shaaban, Ntlhe, LM, Ntoto, C, Ntueba, B, Nyassi, MT, Nyatela-Akinrinmade, Z, Nyawanda, HO, Nyokabi, NN, Nziene, VN, Obadiah, S, Ochieng, OJP, Odia, PK, Oduor, OEO, Ogboli-Nwasor, EO, Ogendo, SWO, Ogunbode, O, Ogundiran, TO, Ogutu, O, Ojewola, RW, Ojujo, M, Ojuka, DO, Okelo, OS, Okiya, S, Okonu, N, Olang, PR, Omigbodun, Akinyinka O, Omoding, S, Omoshoro-Jones, J, Onyango, R, Onyegbule, A, Orjiako, O, Osazuwa, MO, Oscar, Kpatinvo, Osinaike, BB, Osinowo, AO, Othin, OM, Otman, FFH, Otokwala, J, Ouanes, F, Oumar, Ongoïba, Ousseini, AO, Padayachee, S, Pahlana, SM, Pansegrouw, J, Paruk, FP, Patel, MB, Patel, Ushmaben, Patience, AP, Pearse, Rupert M, Pembe, JD, Pengemale, GN, Perez, N, Perez, MF Aguilera, Peter, A Mallier, Phaff, M, Pheeha, RM, Pienaar, BH, Pillay, V, Pilusa, KA, Pochana, MP, Polishchuk, O, Porrill, Owen S, Post, EF, Prosper, A, Pupyshev, M, Rabemazava, A, Rabiou, MS, Rademan, L, Rademeyer, M, Raherison, RAR, Rajah, FR, Rajcoomar, MSR, Rakhda, Z, Rakotoarijaona, AHR, Rakotoarisoa, AHN, Rakotoarison, Sylvia R, Rakotoarison, RR, Ramadan, L, Ramananasoa, MLR, Rambau, M, Ramchurn, TPR, Ramilson, HE, Ramjee, Rajesh J, Ramnarain, H, Ramos, R, Rampai, TJ, Ramphal, SR, Ramsamy, T, Ramuntshi, R, Randolph, R, Randriambololona, DMA, Ras, WAP, Rasolondraibe, RAF, Rasolonjatovo, JDLC, Rautenbach, RM, Ray, S, Rayne, Sarah R, Razanakoto, FAR, Reddy, SR, Reed, Anthony R, Rian, JR, Rija, FR, Rink, B, Robelie, AT, Roberts, CA, Rocher, AGL, Rocher, S, Rodseth, Reitze N, Rois, I, Rois, W, Rokhsi, S, Roos, J, Rorke, Nicolette F, Roura, H, Rousseau, FJ, Rousseau, N, Royas, L, Roytowski, D, Rungan, Devan, Rwehumbiza, 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Stoltenkamp, Heidi L, Stroyer, S, Swaleh, A, Swayeb, E, Szpytko, AJ, Taiwo, NA, Tarhuni, A, Tarloff, D, Tchaou, Blaise, Tchegnonsi, Charles, Tchoupa, M, Teeka, MO, Thakoor, B, Theunissen, MM, Thomas, BP, Thomas, MB, Thotharam, A, Tobiko, O, Torborg, AM, Tshisekedi, SM, Tshisola, SK, Tshitangano, R, Tshivhula, F, Tshuma, HT, Tumukunde, Janat, Tun, M, Udo, IA, Uhuebor, DI, Umeh, KU, Usenbo, AO, Uwiteyimbabazi, JdD, Van der Merwe, DJ, van der Merwe, FH, van der Walt, JE, van Dyk, Dominique, Van Dyk, JG, van Niekerk, JJS, van Wyk, S, van Zyl, HA, Veerasamy, B, Venter, PJ, Vermeulen, AJ, Villarreal, R, Visser, J, Visser, L, Voigt, M, von Rahden, Richard P, Wafa, A, Wafula, A, Wambugu, PK, Waryoba, P, Waweru, EN, Weideman, M, Wise, Robert D, Wynne, EE, Yahya, AI, Yahya, AA, Yahya, R, Yakubu, Y, Yanga, JJ, Yangazov, YM, Yousef, O, Yousef, G, Youssouf, Coulibaly, Yunus, AA, Yusuf, AS, Zeiton, AZ, Zentuti, HZ, Zepharine, Henry, Zerihun, AB, Zhou, S, Zidan, A, Zié, Sanogo Zimogo, Zinyemba, CZ, Zo, A, Zomahoun, Lidwine, Zoobei, NZ, Zoumenou, Eugene, Zubia, NZ, Madzimbamuto, Farai D, Gordon, Christina S, Tumukunde, Janat T, Manach, Yannick Le, Mehyaoui, Ryad M, Zoumeno, Eugene, Ndonga, Andrew K N, Ngumi, Zipporah W W, Patel, Ushmah P, Antwi-Kusi, Akwasi A K, and Fawzy, Maher A

Published
2018
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10. ANTIMICROBIAL EFFICACY OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS OF RARE ENDOPHYTIC ACTINOBACTERIA, Actinoalloteichus cyanogriseus SIR5 (MK793584)

Author

Sunita Datla, Geetika Wag, and Ashwini Kumar Gupta

Subjects
General Energy, biology, General Chemical Engineering, Antimicrobial efficacy, General Chemistry, General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics, biology.organism_classification, Biochemistry, Actinoalloteichus cyanogriseus, Microbiology, Actinobacteria
Published
2021
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11. Analysis of winter formaldehyde and volatile organic compound pollution characteristics of residential kitchens in severe cold regions of northeast China

Author

Jun Wag, Jiasen Song, Guohui Feng, and Kailiang Huang

Subjects
Pollution, chemistry.chemical_classification, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, media_common.quotation_subject, Environmental chemistry, Correlation analysis, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Formaldehyde, Environmental science, Volatile organic compound, China, media_common
Abstract

The formaldehyde (HCHO) and volatile organic compound (VOCs) pollution characteristics of the residential kitchen in severe cold regions of northeast China were investigated by on-site measurement, questionnaire and correlation analysis. A total of 33 residential kitchens in three cities were selected as samples. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, phenol reagent spectrophotometer and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine were applied. The change of VOC concentration during cooking was tracked by parts per billion ppb RAE detector. Moreover, the CO2 tracer gas method was used to measure air changes when the range hood was open under different window-opening angles. The results demonstrate that though the excess rate of HCHO in the kitchen was only 5.3% before cooking, the average VOC concentration (1.269 mg/m3) exceeded far beyond the standard and was obviously higher than other climate zones. During cooking, the VOC concentration was in a state of seriously exceeding standard. The average concentration of aldehyde and ketone pollutants during cooking was 0.431 mg/m3. Frying produced more VOCs than stewing. The influence factors of HCHO and VOC pollution characteristics were explored. Increasing make-up air and optimizing cooking habits are significant in alleviating kitchen pollution in northeast China.

Published
2020
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12. Review of the Panorpa wormaldi group (Mecoptera: Panorpidae), with descriptions of two new species

Author

Wag, Ji-Shen, Suzuki, Tomoya, Wag, Ji-Shen, and Suzuki, Tomoya

Abstract

Panorpa Linnaeus, 1758 is the largest genus in the scorpionfly family Panorpidae. In this paper, a taxonomic review of the Panorpa wormaldi group is provided, with two new species described from China: Panorpa fengyanga Wang & Suzuki, sp. nov. from Zhejiang, and Panorpa zhuohengi Wang & Suzuki, sp. nov. from Guangdong. The male of Panorpa implicata Cheng, 1957 is discovered and described for the first time. A distributional map and keys to species are also provided for this group. Species number in this group is updated from 17 to 19. In addition, their biogeographical and evolutionary implications are briefly discussed.

Published
2022

13. IN VITRO ANALYSIS OF LARVICIDAL ACTIVITY OF ENDOPHYTIC STREPTOMYCES SP. BLS-5 (ON090335) AGAINST CULEX QUINQUEFASCIATUS.

Author

Datla, Sunita, Wag, Geetika, and Gupta, Ashwini Kumar

Abstract

This investigation was performed to assess the mosquito larvicidal activity of an endophytic actinobacteria BLS-5 isolated from the stem of a weed Blumea lacera against Cx. quinquefasciatus, a mosquito vector transmitting lymphatic filariasis. The morphological and molecular characterization designated the strain as Streptomyces sp. BLS-5 with 99.86% sequence similarity to Streptomyces pilosus AB184161 and upon submission of the gene sequence in NCBI, an accession number ON090335 was allotted. Ethyl acetate extract among the other solvent extracts viz. petroleum ether, benzene, chloroform, acetone and methanol exhibited 100% larvicidal activity at 500 ppm at 48 h and was thus carried forward for dose-response bioassay at different concentrations ranging from 40 – 650 ppm against third instar larvae. The larval deaths were detected after 24, 48 and 72 h of treatment and the lethal concentrations with 95% confidence limits were found out using probit analysis. Calculated LC50 and LC90 values were 219.80 and 387.11 ppm (24 h), 148.19 and 290.55 ppm (48 h) and 77.02 and 159.58 ppm (72 h), respectively. These results indicate that the purified larvicidal metabolites of the ethyl acetate extract, which is in process, might have significant larvicidal activity and thus also proves the potentiality of endophytic Streptomyces sp. BLS-5 (ON090335) as environment-friendly larvicides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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14. Automated Contact Tracing using Person Tracking and Re-Identification

Author

Aditya Kotwal, Vedant Wag, Abhay Khandelwal, and Pratham Sutone

Subjects
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Computer science, business.industry, Process (computing), Confusion matrix, Computer vision, Artificial intelligence, Tracking (particle physics), Precision and recall, business, Protocol (object-oriented programming), Re identification, Contact tracing
Abstract

This paper presents an implementation of contact tracing (a protocol followed to curtail the spread of viruses like Covid-19) using CCTV video footage from multiple cameras. The proposed system gives immediate insights about all the possible people at risk when a person under surveillance is clinically tested positive. This system automates the process of manual contact tracing by detecting contact between people under surveillance by estimating the distance between them, identifying them, and tracking their interactions. This data is then stored, filtered, and analyzed. A confusion matrix was derived from the videos that took into account true contacts, false contacts between people in the input video and whether the contacts in the video were considered as true contacts or false contacts according to the algorithm. This gave us insights about the algorithm’s accuracy, precision and recall which were found to be 91%, 94% and 71% respectively.

Published
2021
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15. Problem Department

Author

Mahrenholz, Johannes, Goormaghtigh, R., Roberts, W. L., MacKay, D. L., Rosenbaum, J., Trigg, C. W., Smith, H. L., Arany, Daniel, Mallory, Virgil S., Starke, E. P., Short, W. T., Yates, Robert C., Kennedy, E. C., Nelson, Cyril A., Wag, A, Court, N. A., Grossman, Howard D., and Byrne, W. E.

Published
1940
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16. Problem Department

Author

Kennedy, E. C., Thomas, Paul D., Richardson, Davis P., MacKay, D. L., Wishard, G. W., Robertson, M. S., Woods, Margaret, Clarke, Walter B., Thebault, V., Trigg, C. W., Wag, A, Chaudoir, C. C., Court, N. A., Grant, H. S., and Yates, Robert C.

Published
1940
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21. Analysis of winter formaldehyde and volatile organic compound pollution characteristics of residential kitchens in severe cold regions of northeast China.

Author

Wag, Jun, Huang, Kailiang, Feng, Guohui, and Song, Jiasen

Subjects
COLD regions, KITCHENS, POLLUTION, POLLUTANTS, FORMALDEHYDE
Abstract

The formaldehyde (HCHO) and volatile organic compound (VOCs) pollution characteristics of the residential kitchen in severe cold regions of northeast China were investigated by on-site measurement, questionnaire and correlation analysis. A total of 33 residential kitchens in three cities were selected as samples. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, phenol reagent spectrophotometer and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine were applied. The change of VOC concentration during cooking was tracked by parts per billion ppb RAE detector. Moreover, the CO2 tracer gas method was used to measure air changes when the range hood was open under different window-opening angles. The results demonstrate that though the excess rate of HCHO in the kitchen was only 5.3% before cooking, the average VOC concentration (1.269 mg/m3) exceeded far beyond the standard and was obviously higher than other climate zones. During cooking, the VOC concentration was in a state of seriously exceeding standard. The average concentration of aldehyde and ketone pollutants during cooking was 0.431 mg/m3. Frying produced more VOCs than stewing. The influence factors of HCHO and VOC pollution characteristics were explored. Increasing make-up air and optimizing cooking habits are significant in alleviating kitchen pollution in northeast China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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22. Maternal and neonatal outcomes after caesarean delivery in the African Surgical Outcomes Study: a 7-day prospective observational cohort study

Author

David Bishop, Robert A Dyer, Salome Maswime, Reitze N Rodseth, Dominique van Dyk, Hyla-Louise Kluyts, Janat T Tumukunde, Farai D Madzimbamuto, Abdulaziz M Elkhogia, Andrew K N Ndonga, Zipporah W W Ngumi, Akinyinka O Omigbodun, Simbo D Amanor-Boadu, Eugene Zoumenou, Apollo Basenero, Dolly M Munlemvo, Coulibaly Youssouf, Gabriel Ndayisaba, Akwasi Antwi-Kusi, Veekash Gobin, Patrice Forget, Bernard Mbwele, Henry Ndasi, Sylvia R Rakotoarison, Ahmadou L Samateh, Ryad Mehyaoui, Ushmaben Patel-Mujajati, Chaibou M Sani, Tonya M Esterhuizen, Thandinkosi E Madiba, Rupert M Pearse, Bruce M Biccard, Hippolyte Abadagan, N Abbas, A Ibrahim Abdelatif, Traoré Abdoulaye, A Abd-rouf, A Abduljalil, A Abdulrahman, S Abdurazig, A Abokris, W Abozaid, SOA Abugassa, F Abuhdema, SA Abujanah, R Abusamra, A Abushnaf, SA Abusnina, TS Abuzalout, HM Ackermann, YB Adamu, A Addanfour, DM Adeleke, TA Adigun, AO Adisa, Sèhivè Valéry Adjignon, NA Adu-Aryee, BB Afolabi, AFX Agaba, PKA Agaba, K Aghadi, H Agilla, B Ahmed, El-Z Ahmed, Al-J Ahmed, M Ahmed, Rene Ahossi, SA Aji, S Akanyun, I Akhideno, M Akhter, OA Akinyemi, M Akkari, Joseph Akodjenou, AL AL Samateh, ES al Shams, OT Alagbe-Briggs, EA Alakkari, RB Alalem, M Alashhab, OI Alatise, A Alatresh, MSI Alayeb Alayeb, BA Albakosh, F Albert, ANJD Alberts, AD Aldarrat, A Alfari, A Alfetore, M Algbali, A Algddar, HA Algedar, IA Alghafoud, A Alghazali, M Alhajj, A Alhendery Alhendery, FFH Alhoty, A Ali, YA Ali, Beye Seïdina Alioune, MA Alkassem, MA Alkchr, TS Alkesa, A Alkilani, F Alkobty Alkobty, Thomas Allaye, SBM Alleesaib, A Alli, K Allopi, NL Allorto, A Almajbery, R Almesmary, SHA Almisslati, F Almoraid, H Alobeidi, MA Alomami, Christella S Alphonsus, OA Alqawi, AA Alraheem, SA Alsabri, A Alsayed, B Alsellabi, M Al-Serksi, MSA Alshareef, AA Altagazi, JS Aluvale, HW Alwahedi, EA Alzahra, MA Alzarouk, K Al-Zubaidy, M Amadou, Maiga Amadou, Al-A Amer, BT Amisi, MA Amuthenu, TWA Anabah, Felix Anani, PGR Anderson, AGB Andriamampionona, L Andrianina, A Anele, R Angelin, N Anjar, O Antùnez, LJC Anyanwu, AA Aribi, OA Arowolo, O Arrey, Daniel Zemenfes Ashebir, SB Assefa, Guy Assoum, V Athanse, JS Athombo, M Atiku, E Atito-Narh, Anatole Atomabe, A Attia, M Aungraheeta, DMA Aurélia, OO Ayandipo, AET Ayebale, HMZ Azzaidey, NB Babajee, HB Badi, EK Badianga, RB Baghni, MT Bahta, M Bai, Y Baitchu, AM Baloyi, KA Bamuza, MI Bamuza, L Bangure, OB Bankole, ML Barongo, MM Barow, L Bashiya, CH Basson, Sudha Bechan, S Belhaj, MM Ben Mansour, D Benali, ASB Benamour, A Berhe, JD Bertie, JJA Bester, M Bester, JD Bezuidenhout, K Bhagwan, DR Bhagwandass, KAP Bhat, MMZU Bhuiyan, F Bigirimana, CJ Bikuelo, BE Bilby, SS Bingidimi, KE Bischof, David G Bishop, C Bitta, M Bittaye, Thuli Biyase, CA Blake, E Blignaut, F Blignaut, BN BN Tanjong, A Bogoslovskiy, PM Boloko, SKB Boodhun, I Bori, F Boufas, M Brand, Nicholas T Brouckaert, JD Bruwer, I Buccimazza, IM Bula Bula, Fred Bulamba, BC Businge, YB Bwambale, SRC Cacala, MA Cadersa, Chris Cairns, F Carlos, ME Casey, AC Castro, ND Chabayanzara, MS Chaibou, TNO Chaibva, NK Chakafa, C Chalo, C Changfoot, MC Chari, L Chelbi, JT Chibanda, HN Chifamba, N Chikh, E Chikumba, P Chimberengwa, J Chirengwa, FM Chitungo, MC Chiwanga, MM Chokoe, TM Chokwe, B Chrirangi, M Christian, B Church, JC Cisekedi, JN Clegg-Lamptey, Estie Cloete, Megan Coltman, W Conradie, N Constance, Youssouf Coulibaly, L Cronje, MA Da Silva, H Daddy, L Dahim, D Daliri, MS Dambaki, A Dasrath, JG Davids, Gareth L Davies, JT De Lange, JB de Wet, B Dedekind, MA Degaulle, V Dehal, PD Deka, S Delinikaytis, IS Desalu, Hubert Dewanou, MB Moussa Deye, C Dhege, BSG Diale, DF Dibwe, BJS Diedericks, JM Dippenaar, L Dippenaar, MP Diyoyo, Edith Djessouho, SN Dlamini, A Dodiyi-Manuel, BA Dokolwana, DP Domoyyeri, Leanne W Drummond, DE du Plessis, WM du Plessis, LJ du Preez, K Dube, NZ Dube, KD Dullab, R Duvenhage, RC Echem, SA Edaigbini, AK Egote, A Ehouni, G Ekwen, NC Ekwunife, M El Hensheri, IE Elfaghi, MA Elfagieh, S Elfallah, Mahmoud Elfiky, S Elgelany, AM Elghallal, MG Elghandouri, ZS Elghazal, AM Elghobashy, FT Elharati, RM Elkhwildi, S Ellis, L Elmadani, HB Elmadany, H Elmehdawi, A Elmgadmi, H Eloi, D Elrafifi, G Elsaadi, RB Elsaity, A Elshikhy, M Eltaguri, A Elwerfelli, IE Elyasir, AZ Elzoway, AM Elzufri, EO Enendu, BC Enicker, EO Enwerem, R Esayas, M Eshtiwi, AA Eshwehdi, JL Esterhuizen, EB Etuk, O Eurayet, OR Eyelade, RF Fanjandrainy, Lionelle Fanou, Z Farina, Maher Fawzy, A Feituri, NL Fernandes, LM Ford, T François, T Freeman, YBM Freeman, VM Gacii, B Gadi, M Gagara, A Gakenia, PD Gallou, GGN Gama, MG Gamal, YG Gandy, A Ganesh, Diallo Gangaly, M Garcia, AP Gatheru, SSD Gaya, Oswald Gbéhadé, G Gerbel, A Ghnain, R Gigabhoy, DG Giles, GT Girmaye, S Gitau, B Githae, Said Gitta, Riaz Goga, AAG Gomati, ME Gonzalez, J Gopall, Christina Salmina Gordon, O Gorelyk, M Gova, K Govender, P Govender, S Govender, V Govindasamy, JTK Green-Harris, MB Greenwood, SV Grey-Johnson, Mariette Grobbelaar, MA Groenewald, KK Grünewald, Ambroise Guegni, M Guenane, S Gueye, Marius Guezo, T Gunguwo, MG Gweder, M Gwila, L Habimana, Rodrigue Hadecon, E Hadia, L Hamadi, M Hammouda, MI Hampton, R Hanta, Tim C Hardcastle, JA Hariniaina, S Hariparsad, AH Harissou, R Harrichandparsad, SHA Hasan, HB Hashmi, MP Hayes, A Hdud, SH Hebli, HMSN Heerah, S Hersi, AH Hery, Adam Hewitt-Smith, TC Hlako, SCH Hodges, Richard Eric Hodgson, M Hokoma, H Holder, EB Holford, E Horugavye, C Houston, M Hove, D Hugo, CM Human, H Hurri, O Huwidi, AI Ibrahim, Traoré Ibrahim, OK Idowu, IE Igaga, John Igenge, O Ihezie, K Ikandi, IAR Ike, JJN Ikuku, MN Ilbarasi, IBB Ilunga, JPM Ilunga, NAV Imbangu, Z Imessaoudene, DH Imposo, AM Iraya, M Isaacs, M Isiguzo, A Issoufou, P Izquirdo, A Jaber, UV Jaganath, CS Jallow, S Jamabo, ZS Jamal, L Janneh, MJ Jannetjies, I Jasim, Megan AJ Jaworska, S Jay Narain, K Jermi, R Jimoh, S Jithoo, M Johnson, S Joomye, RM Judicael, M Judicaël, A Juwid, LP Jwambi, R Kabango, JK Kabangu, DK Kabatoro, AN Kabongo, K Kabongo, LT Kabongo, MD Kabongo, N Kady, S Kafu, M Kaggya, BNK Kaholongo, PCK Kairuki, SI Kakololo, K Kakudji, Amina Kalisa, R Kalisa, MR Kalufwelu, S Kalume, RJ Kamanda, MK Kangili, H Kanoun, null Kapesa, P Kapp, JK Karanja, M Karar, K Kariuki, K Kaseke, PNK Kashuupulwa, KJP Kasongo, SK Kassa, GK Kateregga, MIS Kathrada, PM Katompwa, L Katsukunya, KAM Kavuma, null Khalfallah, A Khamajeet, SB Khetrish, null Kibandwa, W Kibochi, AM Kilembe, AK Kintu, B Kipng'etich, B Kiprop, VMK Kissoon, Theroshnie K Kisten, JK Kiwanuka, MEK Knox, AK Koledale, VL Koller, MA Kolotsi, M Kongolo, ND Konwuoh, WJ Koperski, MYK Koraz, AA Kornilov, M Zach Koto, Samantha Kransingh, D Krick, S Kruger, C Kruse, W Kuhn, WP Kuhn, AM Kukembila, KL Kule, M Kumar, Belinda S Kusel, VK Kusweje, KJ Kuteesa, YY Kutor, MA Labib, M Laksari, F Lanos, TA Lawal, Yannick Le Manach, C Lee, RM Lekoloane, SN Lelo, B Lerutla, MT Lerutla, AI Levin, TB Likongo, ML Limbajee, DM Linyama, C Lionnet, MM Liwani, E Loots, A Garrido Lopez, CLC Lubamba, KF Lumbala, AJM Lumbamba, John Lumona, RF Lushima, L Luthuli, HL Luweesi, TSK Lyimo, HM Maakamedi, BM Mabaso, M Mabina, ME Maboya, I Macharia, AM Macheka, AZ Machowski, ASM Madsen, Farai Madzimbamuto, LJ Madzivhe, SC Mafafo, M Maghrabi, Diango Djibo Mahamane, A Maharaj, AD Maharaj, MR Mahmud, M Mahoko, NA Mahomedy, O Mahomva, TM Mahureva, RK Maila, DM Maimane, M Maimbo, SN Maina, Dela A Maiwald, MD Maiyalagan, N Majola, N Makgofa, V Makhanya, WP Makhaye, NM Makhlouf, S Makhoba, EK Makopa, O Makori, Alex M Makupe, MA Makwela, ME Malefo, SM Malongwe, DM Maluleke, MR Maluleke, K Touré Mamadou, MP Mamaleka, Y Mampangula, RM Mamy, MNR Mananjara, MTM Mandarry, DM Mangoo, C Manirimbere, A Manneh, A Mansour, I Mansour, M Manvinder, DV Manyere, VT Manzini, JK Manzombi, PM Mapanda, LC Marais, O Maranga, JPB Maritz, FK Mariwa, RS Masela, MM Mashamba, Doreen M Mashava, MV Mashile, E Mashoko, OR Masia, JN Masipa, ATM Masiyambiri, MW Matenchi, W Mathangani, RC Mathe, Christopher Y Matola, PM Matondo, R Matos-Puig, FFH Matoug, JT Matubatuba, HP Mavesere, R Mavhungu, S Maweni, CJM Mawire, T Mawisa, S Mayeza, R Mbadi, M Mbayabu, N Mbewe, WD Mbombo, T Mbuyi, WMS Mbuyi, MW Mbuyisa, RM Mehyaoui, ID Menkiti, LVM Mesarieki, A Metali, Serge Mewanou, L Mgonja, N Mgoqo, S Mhatu, TM Mhlari, S Miima, IM Milod, P Minani, F Mitema, A Mlotshwa, JE Mmasi, T Mniki, BO Mofikoya, JO Mogale, A Mohamed, S Mohamed, TS Mohamed, AM Mohamed, P Mohamed, I Mohammed, FAM Mohammed, M Mohammed, NM Mohammed, MP Mohlala, R Mokretar, FM Molokoane, KN Mongwe, L Montenegro, OD Montwedi, QK Moodie, M Moopanar, M Morapedi, TG Morulana, VL Moses, P Mossy, H Mostafa, SR Motilall, SP Motloutsi, Kanté Moussa, M Moutari, OM Moyo, PE Mphephu, Busi Mrara, C Msadabwe, VM Mtongwe, FK Mubeya, K Muchiri, J Mugambi, GIM Muguti, AB Muhammad, IF Mukama, MM Mukenga, FK Mukinda, PM Mukuna, ARW Mungherera, TW Munyaradzi, AA Munyika, JM Muriithi, MP Muroonga, R Murray, VK Mushangwe, M Mushaninga, VEM Musiba, JM Musowoya, S Mutahi, MGH Mutasiigwa, G Mutizira, A Muturi, T Muzenda, KR Mvwala, NM Mvwama, A Mwale, CN Mwaluka, JD Mwamba, HAM Mwanga, CM Mwangi, S Mwansa, V Mwenda, IM Mwepu, TM Mwiti, SZ Mzezewa, L Nabela, MTN Nabukenya, SM Nabulindo, K Naicker, D Naidoo, L Naidoo, LC Naidoo, N Naidoo, R Naidoo, RD Naidoo, S Naidoo, TD Naidoo, TK Naidu, NZ Najat, Y Najm, F Nakandungile, P Nakangombe, CN Namata, ES Namegabe, A Nansook, NP Nansubuga, C Nantulu, Rodrigue Nascimento, GT Naude, H Nchimunya, MA Ndaie, PN Ndarukwa, D Ndegwa, R Ndikumana, Andrew KN Ndonga, C Ndung'u, MC Neil, MS Nel, EV Neluheni, DS Nesengani, NT Nesengani, LE Netshimboni, AM Ngalala, BM Ngari, NBM Ngari, E Ngatia, GK Ngcobo, TS Ngcobo, D Ngorora, D Ngouane, K Ngugi, Zipporah WW Ngumi, Z Nibe, E Ninise, JC Niyondiko, PW Njenga, MN Njenga, M Njoroge, S Njoroge, W Njuguna, PN Njuki, T Nkesha, TN Nkuebe, NP Nkuliyingoma, M Nkunjana, Ernest Nkwabi, RN Nkwine, C Nnaji, I Notoane, Shaaban Nsalamba, LM Ntlhe, C Ntoto, B Ntueba, MT Nyassi, Z Nyatela-Akinrinmade, HO Nyawanda, NN Nyokabi, VN Nziene, S Obadiah, OJP Ochieng, PK Odia, OEO Oduor, EO Ogboli-Nwasor, SWO Ogendo, O Ogunbode, TO Ogundiran, O Ogutu, RW Ojewola, M Ojujo, DO Ojuka, OS Okelo, S Okiya, N Okonu, PR Olang, S Omoding, J Omoshoro-Jones, R Onyango, A Onyegbule, O Orjiako, MO Osazuwa, Kpatinvo Oscar, BB Osinaike, AO Osinowo, OM Othin, FFH Otman, J Otokwala, F Ouanes, Ongoïba Oumar, AO Ousseini, S Padayachee, SM Pahlana, J Pansegrouw, FP Paruk, MB Patel, AP Patience, JD Pembe, GN Pengemale, N Perez, MF Aguilera Perez, A Mallier Peter, M Phaff, RM Pheeha, BH Pienaar, V Pillay, KA Pilusa, MP Pochana, O Polishchuk, Owen S Porrill, EF Post, A Prosper, M Pupyshev, A Rabemazava, MS Rabiou, L Rademan, M Rademeyer, RAR Raherison, FR Rajah, MSR Rajcoomar, Z Rakhda, AHR Rakotoarijaona, AHN Rakotoarisoa, RR Rakotoarison, François Rakotoniaina, L Ramadan, MLR Ramananasoa, M Rambau, TPR Ramchurn, HE Ramilson, Rajesh J Ramjee, H Ramnarain, R Ramos, TJ Rampai, SR Ramphal, T Ramsamy, R Ramuntshi, R Randolph, DMA Randriambololona, WAP Ras, RAF Rasolondraibe, JDLC Rasolonjatovo, RM Rautenbach, S Ray, Sarah R Rayne, FAR Razanakoto, SR Reddy, Anthony R Reed, JR Rian, FR Rija, B Rink, AT Robelie, CA Roberts, AGL Rocher, S Rocher, I Rois, W Rois, S Rokhsi, J Roos, Nicolette F Rorke, H Roura, FJ Rousseau, N Rousseau, L Royas, D Roytowski, Devan Rungan, SSR Rwehumbiza, BB Ryabchiy, V Ryndine, CR Saaiman, HK Sabwa, S Sadat, SS Saed, E Salaheddin, H Salaou, M Saleh, HM Salisu-Kabara, Hamza Doles Sama, W Sam-Awortwi (Jnr), N Samuel, DK Sanduku, LN Sanyang, HN Sarah, A Sarkin-Pawa, R Sathiram, T Saurombe, H Schutte, MP Sebei, MD Sedekounou, MP Segooa, EM Semenya, BO Semo, CS Sendagire, SA Senoga, FS Senusi, T Serdyn, MD Seshibe, GB Shah, R Shamamba, CS Shambare, TN Shangase, SH Shanin, IE Shefren, AA Sheshe, OB Shittu, AS Shkirban, T Sholadoye, A Shubba, N Sigcu, SE Sihope, DS Sikazwe, BS Sikombe, K Simaga Abdoul, WAG Simo, K Singata, AS Singh, S Singh, Usha Singh, V Sinoamadi, N Sipuka, NLM Sithole, S Sitima, David Lee Skinner, GC Skinner, OI Smith, CAG Smits, MSI Sofia, Gaoussou Sogoba, A Sohoub, SS Sookun, O Sosinska, Rosalie Souhe, G Souley, Thiam Souleymane, JM Spicer, Sandra Spijkerman, H Steinhaus, A Steyn, G Steyn, HC Steyn, Heidi L Stoltenkamp, S Stroyer, A Swaleh, E Swayeb, AJ Szpytko, NA Taiwo, A Tarhuni, D Tarloff, Blaise Tchaou, Charles Tchegnonsi, M Tchoupa, MO Teeka, B Thakoor, MM Theunissen, BP Thomas, MB Thomas, A Thotharam, O Tobiko, AM Torborg, SM Tshisekedi, SK Tshisola, R Tshitangano, F Tshivhula, HT Tshuma, Janat Tumukunde, M Tun, IA Udo, DI Uhuebor, KU Umeh, AO Usenbo, JdD Uwiteyimbabazi, DJ Van der Merwe, FH van der Merwe, JE van der Walt, JG Van Dyk, JJS van Niekerk, S van Wyk, HA van Zyl, B Veerasamy, PJ Venter, AJ Vermeulen, R Villarreal, J Visser, L Visser, M Voigt, Richard P von Rahden, A Wafa, A Wafula, PK Wambugu, P Waryoba, EN Waweru, M Weideman, Robert D Wise, EE Wynne, AI Yahya, AA Yahya, R Yahya, Y Yakubu, JJ Yanga, YM Yangazov, O Yousef, G Yousef, AA Yunus, AS Yusuf, AZ Zeiton, HZ Zentuti, Henry Zepharine, AB Zerihun, S Zhou, A Zidan, Sanogo Zimogo Zié, CZ Zinyemba, A Zo, Lidwine Zomahoun, NZ Zoobei, NZ Zubia, Supporting clinical sciences, and Anesthesiology

Subjects
Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, 030231 tropical medicine, Population, 03 medical and health sciences, South Africa, 0302 clinical medicine, Postoperative Complications, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, Infant Mortality, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, education, Medicine(all), education.field_of_study, Placental abruption, Antepartum haemorrhage, Obstetrics, business.industry, Cesarean Section, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Infant, Newborn, Infant, lcsh:RA1-1270, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Infant mortality, Pregnancy Complications, Maternal Mortality, Treatment Outcome, Cohort, Female, business, Cohort study
Abstract

Summary Background Maternal and neonatal mortality is high in Africa, but few large, prospective studies have been done to investigate the risk factors associated with these poor maternal and neonatal outcomes. Methods A 7-day, international, prospective, observational cohort study was done in patients having caesarean delivery in 183 hospitals across 22 countries in Africa. The inclusion criteria were all consecutive patients (aged ≥18 years) admitted to participating centres having elective and non-elective caesarean delivery during the 7-day study cohort period. To ensure a representative sample, each hospital had to provide data for 90% of the eligible patients during the recruitment week. The primary outcome was in-hospital maternal mortality and complications, which were assessed by local investigators. The study was registered on the South African National Health Research Database, number KZ_2015RP7_22, and on ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT03044899. Findings Between February, 2016, and May, 2016, 3792 patients were recruited from hospitals across Africa. 3685 were included in the postoperative complications analysis (107 missing data) and 3684 were included in the maternal mortality analysis (108 missing data). These hospitals had a combined number of specialist surgeons, obstetricians, and anaesthetists totalling 0·7 per 100 000 population (IQR 0·2–2·0). Maternal mortality was 20 (0·5%) of 3684 patients (95% CI 0·3–0·8). Complications occurred in 633 (17·4%) of 3636 mothers (16·2–18·6), which were predominantly severe intraoperative and postoperative bleeding (136 [3·8%] of 3612 mothers). Maternal mortality was independently associated with a preoperative presentation of placenta praevia, placental abruption, ruptured uterus, antepartum haemorrhage (odds ratio 4·47 [95% CI 1·46–13·65]), and perioperative severe obstetric haemorrhage (5·87 [1·99–17·34]) or anaesthesia complications (11·47 (1·20–109·20]). Neonatal mortality was 153 (4·4%) of 3506 infants (95% CI 3·7–5·0). Interpretation Maternal mortality after caesarean delivery in Africa is 50 times higher than that of high-income countries and is driven by peripartum haemorrhage and anaesthesia complications. Neonatal mortality is double the global average. Early identification and appropriate management of mothers at risk of peripartum haemorrhage might improve maternal and neonatal outcomes in Africa. Funding Medical Research Council of South Africa.

Published
2018

23. Perioperative patient outcomes in the African Surgical Outcomes Study

Author

Bruce M Biccard, Thandinkosi E Madiba, Hyla-Louise Kluyts, Dolly M Munlemvo, Farai D Madzimbamuto, Apollo Basenero, Christina S Gordon, Coulibaly Youssouf, Sylvia R Rakotoarison, Veekash Gobin, Ahmadou L Samateh, Chaibou M Sani, Akinyinka O Omigbodun, Simbo D Amanor-Boadu, Janat T Tumukunde, Tonya M Esterhuizen, Yannick Le Manach, Patrice Forget, Abdulaziz M Elkhogia, Ryad M Mehyaoui, Eugene Zoumeno, Gabriel Ndayisaba, Henry Ndasi, Andrew K N Ndonga, Zipporah W W Ngumi, Ushmah P Patel, Daniel Zemenfes Ashebir, Akwasi A K Antwi-Kusi, Bernard Mbwele, Hamza Doles Sama, Mahmoud Elfiky, Maher A Fawzy, Rupert M Pearse, Hippolyte Abadagan, N Abbas, A Ibrahim Abdelatif, Traoré Abdoulaye, A Abd-rouf, A Abduljalil, A Abdulrahman, S Abdurazig, A Abokris, W Abozaid, SOA Abugassa, F Abuhdema, SA Abujanah, R Abusamra, A Abushnaf, SA Abusnina, TS Abuzalout, HM Ackermann, YB Adamu, A Addanfour, DM Adeleke, TA Adigun, AO Adisa, Sèhivè Valéry Adjignon, NA Adu-Aryee, BB Afolabi, AFX Agaba, PKA Agaba, K Aghadi, H Agilla, B Ahmed, El-Z Ahmed, Al-J Ahmed, M Ahmed, Rene Ahossi, SA Aji, S Akanyun, I Akhideno, M Akhter, OA Akinyemi, M Akkari, Joseph Akodjenou, AL AL Samateh, ES al Shams, OT Alagbe-Briggs, EA Alakkari, RB Alalem, M Alashhab, OI Alatise, A Alatresh, MSI Alayeb Alayeb, BA Albakosh, F Albert, ANJD Alberts, AD Aldarrat, A Alfari, A Alfetore, M Algbali, A Algddar, HA Algedar, IA Alghafoud, A Alghazali, M Alhajj, A Alhendery Alhendery, FFH Alhoty, A Ali, YA Ali, Beye Seïdina Alioune, MA Alkassem, MA Alkchr, TS Alkesa, A Alkilani, F Alkobty Alkobty, Thomas Allaye, SBM Alleesaib, A Alli, K Allopi, NL Allorto, A Almajbery, R Almesmary, SHA Almisslati, F Almoraid, H Alobeidi, MA Alomami, Christella S Alphonsus, OA Alqawi, AA Alraheem, SA Alsabri, A Alsayed, B Alsellabi, M Al-Serksi, MSA Alshareef, AA Altagazi, JS Aluvale, HW Alwahedi, EA Alzahra, MA Alzarouk, K Al-Zubaidy, M Amadou, Maiga Amadou, Al-A Amer, BT Amisi, MA Amuthenu, TWA Anabah, Felix Anani, PGR Anderson, AGB Andriamampionona, L Andrianina, A Anele, R Angelin, N Anjar, O Antùnez, Akwasi Antwi-Kusi, LJC Anyanwu, AA Aribi, OA Arowolo, O Arrey, SB Assefa, Guy Assoum, V Athanse, JS Athombo, M Atiku, E Atito-Narh, Anatole Atomabe, A Attia, M Aungraheeta, DMA Aurélia, OO Ayandipo, AET Ayebale, HMZ Azzaidey, NB Babajee, HB Badi, EK Badianga, RB Baghni, MT Bahta, M Bai, Y Baitchu, AM Baloyi, KA Bamuza, MI Bamuza, L Bangure, OB Bankole, ML Barongo, MM Barow, L Bashiya, CH Basson, Sudha Bechan, S Belhaj, MM Ben Mansour, D Benali, ASB Benamour, A Berhe, JD Bertie, JJA Bester, M Bester, JD Bezuidenhout, K Bhagwan, DR Bhagwandass, KAP Bhat, MMZU Bhuiyan, F Bigirimana, CJ Bikuelo, BE Bilby, SS Bingidimi, KE Bischof, David G Bishop, C Bitta, M Bittaye, Thuli Biyase, CA Blake, E Blignaut, F Blignaut, BN BN Tanjong, A Bogoslovskiy, PM Boloko, SKB Boodhun, I Bori, F Boufas, M Brand, Nicholas T Brouckaert, JD Bruwer, I Buccimazza, IM Bula Bula, Fred Bulamba, BC Businge, YB Bwambale, SRC Cacala, MA Cadersa, Chris Cairns, F Carlos, ME Casey, AC Castro, ND Chabayanzara, MS Chaibou, TNO Chaibva, NK Chakafa, C Chalo, C Changfoot, MC Chari, L Chelbi, JT Chibanda, HN Chifamba, N Chikh, E Chikumba, P Chimberengwa, J Chirengwa, FM Chitungo, MC Chiwanga, MM Chokoe, TM Chokwe, B Chrirangi, M Christian, B Church, JC Cisekedi, JN Clegg-Lamptey, Estie Cloete, Megan Coltman, W Conradie, N Constance, Youssouf Coulibaly, L Cronje, MA Da Silva, H Daddy, L Dahim, D Daliri, MS Dambaki, A Dasrath, JG Davids, Gareth L Davies, JT De Lange, JB de Wet, B Dedekind, MA Degaulle, V Dehal, PD Deka, S Delinikaytis, IS Desalu, Hubert Dewanou, MB Moussa Deye, C Dhege, BSG Diale, DF Dibwe, BJS Diedericks, JM Dippenaar, L Dippenaar, MP Diyoyo, Edith Djessouho, SN Dlamini, A Dodiyi-Manuel, BA Dokolwana, DP Domoyyeri, Leanne W Drummond, DE du Plessis, WM du Plessis, LJ du Preez, K Dube, NZ Dube, KD Dullab, R Duvenhage, RC Echem, SA Edaigbini, AK Egote, A Ehouni, G Ekwen, NC Ekwunife, M El Hensheri, IE Elfaghi, MA Elfagieh, S Elfallah, S Elgelany, AM Elghallal, MG Elghandouri, ZS Elghazal, AM Elghobashy, FT Elharati, RM Elkhwildi, S Ellis, L Elmadani, HB Elmadany, H Elmehdawi, A Elmgadmi, H Eloi, D Elrafifi, G Elsaadi, RB Elsaity, A Elshikhy, M Eltaguri, A Elwerfelli, IE Elyasir, AZ Elzoway, AM Elzufri, EO Enendu, BC Enicker, EO Enwerem, R Esayas, M Eshtiwi, AA Eshwehdi, JL Esterhuizen, EB Etuk, O Eurayet, OR Eyelade, RF Fanjandrainy, Lionelle Fanou, Z Farina, Maher Fawzy, A Feituri, NL Fernandes, LM Ford, T François, T Freeman, YBM Freeman, VM Gacii, B Gadi, M Gagara, A Gakenia, PD Gallou, GGN Gama, MG Gamal, YG Gandy, A Ganesh, Diallo Gangaly, M Garcia, AP Gatheru, SSD Gaya, Oswald Gbéhadé, G Gerbel, A Ghnain, R Gigabhoy, DG Giles, GT Girmaye, S Gitau, B Githae, Said Gitta, Riaz Goga, AAG Gomati, ME Gonzalez, J Gopall, Christina Salmina Gordon, O Gorelyk, M Gova, K Govender, P Govender, S Govender, V Govindasamy, JTK Green-Harris, MB Greenwood, SV Grey-Johnson, Mariette Grobbelaar, MA Groenewald, KK Grünewald, Ambroise Guegni, M Guenane, S Gueye, Marius Guezo, T Gunguwo, MG Gweder, M Gwila, L Habimana, Rodrigue Hadecon, E Hadia, L Hamadi, M Hammouda, MI Hampton, R Hanta, Tim C Hardcastle, JA Hariniaina, S Hariparsad, AH Harissou, R Harrichandparsad, SHA Hasan, HB Hashmi, MP Hayes, A Hdud, SH Hebli, HMSN Heerah, S Hersi, AH Hery, Adam Hewitt-Smith, TC Hlako, SCH Hodges, Richard Eric Hodgson, M Hokoma, H Holder, EB Holford, E Horugavye, C Houston, M Hove, D Hugo, CM Human, H Hurri, O Huwidi, AI Ibrahim, Traoré Ibrahim, OK Idowu, IE Igaga, John Igenge, O Ihezie, K Ikandi, IAR Ike, JJN Ikuku, MN Ilbarasi, IBB Ilunga, JPM Ilunga, NAV Imbangu, Z Imessaoudene, DH Imposo, AM Iraya, M Isaacs, M Isiguzo, A Issoufou, P Izquirdo, A Jaber, UV Jaganath, CS Jallow, S Jamabo, ZS Jamal, L Janneh, MJ Jannetjies, I Jasim, Megan AJ Jaworska, S Jay Narain, K Jermi, R Jimoh, S Jithoo, M Johnson, S Joomye, RM Judicael, M Judicaël, A Juwid, LP Jwambi, R Kabango, JK Kabangu, DK Kabatoro, AN Kabongo, K Kabongo, LT Kabongo, MD Kabongo, N Kady, S Kafu, M Kaggya, BNK Kaholongo, PCK Kairuki, SI Kakololo, K Kakudji, Amina Kalisa, R Kalisa, MR Kalufwelu, S Kalume, RJ Kamanda, MK Kangili, H Kanoun, null Kapesa, P Kapp, JK Karanja, M Karar, K Kariuki, K Kaseke, PNK Kashuupulwa, KJP Kasongo, SK Kassa, GK Kateregga, MIS Kathrada, PM Katompwa, L Katsukunya, KAM Kavuma, null Khalfallah, A Khamajeet, SB Khetrish, null Kibandwa, W Kibochi, AM Kilembe, AK Kintu, B Kipng'etich, B Kiprop, VMK Kissoon, Theroshnie K Kisten, JK Kiwanuka, MEK Knox, AK Koledale, VL Koller, MA Kolotsi, M Kongolo, ND Konwuoh, WJ Koperski, MYK Koraz, AA Kornilov, M Zach Koto, Samantha Kransingh, D Krick, S Kruger, C Kruse, W Kuhn, WP Kuhn, AM Kukembila, KL Kule, M Kumar, Belinda S Kusel, VK Kusweje, KJ Kuteesa, YY Kutor, MA Labib, M Laksari, F Lanos, TA Lawal, C Lee, RM Lekoloane, SN Lelo, B Lerutla, MT Lerutla, AI Levin, TB Likongo, ML Limbajee, DM Linyama, C Lionnet, MM Liwani, E Loots, A Garrido Lopez, CLC Lubamba, KF Lumbala, AJM Lumbamba, John Lumona, RF Lushima, L Luthuli, HL Luweesi, TSK Lyimo, HM Maakamedi, BM Mabaso, M Mabina, ME Maboya, I Macharia, AM Macheka, AZ Machowski, ASM Madsen, Farai Madzimbamuto, LJ Madzivhe, SC Mafafo, M Maghrabi, Diango Djibo Mahamane, A Maharaj, AD Maharaj, MR Mahmud, M Mahoko, NA Mahomedy, O Mahomva, TM Mahureva, RK Maila, DM Maimane, M Maimbo, SN Maina, Dela A Maiwald, MD Maiyalagan, N Majola, N Makgofa, V Makhanya, WP Makhaye, NM Makhlouf, S Makhoba, EK Makopa, O Makori, Alex M Makupe, MA Makwela, ME Malefo, SM Malongwe, DM Maluleke, MR Maluleke, K Touré Mamadou, MP Mamaleka, Y Mampangula, RM Mamy, MNR Mananjara, MTM Mandarry, DM Mangoo, C Manirimbere, A Manneh, A Mansour, I Mansour, M Manvinder, DV Manyere, VT Manzini, JK Manzombi, PM Mapanda, LC Marais, O Maranga, JPB Maritz, FK Mariwa, RS Masela, MM Mashamba, Doreen M Mashava, MV Mashile, E Mashoko, OR Masia, JN Masipa, ATM Masiyambiri, MW Matenchi, W Mathangani, RC Mathe, Christopher Y Matola, PM Matondo, R Matos-Puig, FFH Matoug, JT Matubatuba, HP Mavesere, R Mavhungu, S Maweni, CJM Mawire, T Mawisa, S Mayeza, R Mbadi, M Mbayabu, N Mbewe, WD Mbombo, T Mbuyi, WMS Mbuyi, MW Mbuyisa, RM Mehyaoui, ID Menkiti, LVM Mesarieki, A Metali, Serge Mewanou, L Mgonja, N Mgoqo, S Mhatu, TM Mhlari, S Miima, IM Milod, P Minani, F Mitema, A Mlotshwa, JE Mmasi, T Mniki, BO Mofikoya, JO Mogale, A Mohamed, S Mohamed, TS Mohamed, AM Mohamed, P Mohamed, I Mohammed, FAM Mohammed, M Mohammed, NM Mohammed, MP Mohlala, R Mokretar, FM Molokoane, KN Mongwe, L Montenegro, OD Montwedi, QK Moodie, M Moopanar, M Morapedi, TG Morulana, VL Moses, P Mossy, H Mostafa, SR Motilall, SP Motloutsi, Kanté Moussa, M Moutari, OM Moyo, PE Mphephu, Busi Mrara, C Msadabwe, VM Mtongwe, FK Mubeya, K Muchiri, J Mugambi, GIM Muguti, AB Muhammad, IF Mukama, MM Mukenga, FK Mukinda, PM Mukuna, ARW Mungherera, TW Munyaradzi, AA Munyika, JM Muriithi, MP Muroonga, R Murray, VK Mushangwe, M Mushaninga, VEM Musiba, JM Musowoya, S Mutahi, MGH Mutasiigwa, G Mutizira, A Muturi, T Muzenda, KR Mvwala, NM Mvwama, A Mwale, CN Mwaluka, JD Mwamba, HAM Mwanga, CM Mwangi, S Mwansa, V Mwenda, IM Mwepu, TM Mwiti, SZ Mzezewa, L Nabela, MTN Nabukenya, SM Nabulindo, K Naicker, D Naidoo, L Naidoo, LC Naidoo, N Naidoo, R Naidoo, RD Naidoo, S Naidoo, TD Naidoo, TK Naidu, NZ Najat, Y Najm, F Nakandungile, P Nakangombe, CN Namata, ES Namegabe, A Nansook, NP Nansubuga, C Nantulu, Rodrigue Nascimento, GT Naude, H Nchimunya, MA Ndaie, PN Ndarukwa, D Ndegwa, R Ndikumana, Andrew KN Ndonga, C Ndung'u, MC Neil, MS Nel, EV Neluheni, DS Nesengani, NT Nesengani, LE Netshimboni, AM Ngalala, BM Ngari, NBM Ngari, E Ngatia, GK Ngcobo, TS Ngcobo, D Ngorora, D Ngouane, K Ngugi, Zipporah WW Ngumi, Z Nibe, E Ninise, JC Niyondiko, PW Njenga, MN Njenga, M Njoroge, S Njoroge, W Njuguna, PN Njuki, T Nkesha, TN Nkuebe, NP Nkuliyingoma, M Nkunjana, Ernest Nkwabi, RN Nkwine, C Nnaji, I Notoane, Shaaban Nsalamba, LM Ntlhe, C Ntoto, B Ntueba, MT Nyassi, Z Nyatela-Akinrinmade, HO Nyawanda, NN Nyokabi, VN Nziene, S Obadiah, OJP Ochieng, PK Odia, OEO Oduor, EO Ogboli-Nwasor, SWO Ogendo, O Ogunbode, TO Ogundiran, O Ogutu, RW Ojewola, M Ojujo, DO Ojuka, OS Okelo, S Okiya, N Okonu, PR Olang, S Omoding, J Omoshoro-Jones, R Onyango, A Onyegbule, O Orjiako, MO Osazuwa, Kpatinvo Oscar, BB Osinaike, AO Osinowo, OM Othin, FFH Otman, J Otokwala, F Ouanes, Ongoïba Oumar, AO Ousseini, S Padayachee, SM Pahlana, J Pansegrouw, FP Paruk, MB Patel, Ushmaben Patel, AP Patience, JD Pembe, GN Pengemale, N Perez, MF Aguilera Perez, A Mallier Peter, M Phaff, RM Pheeha, BH Pienaar, V Pillay, KA Pilusa, MP Pochana, O Polishchuk, Owen S Porrill, EF Post, A Prosper, M Pupyshev, A Rabemazava, MS Rabiou, L Rademan, M Rademeyer, RAR Raherison, FR Rajah, MSR Rajcoomar, Z Rakhda, AHR Rakotoarijaona, AHN Rakotoarisoa, RR Rakotoarison, L Ramadan, MLR Ramananasoa, M Rambau, TPR Ramchurn, HE Ramilson, Rajesh J Ramjee, H Ramnarain, R Ramos, TJ Rampai, SR Ramphal, T Ramsamy, R Ramuntshi, R Randolph, DMA Randriambololona, WAP Ras, RAF Rasolondraibe, JDLC Rasolonjatovo, RM Rautenbach, S Ray, Sarah R Rayne, FAR Razanakoto, SR Reddy, Anthony R Reed, JR Rian, FR Rija, B Rink, AT Robelie, CA Roberts, AGL Rocher, S Rocher, Reitze N Rodseth, I Rois, W Rois, S Rokhsi, J Roos, Nicolette F Rorke, H Roura, FJ Rousseau, N Rousseau, L Royas, D Roytowski, Devan Rungan, SSR Rwehumbiza, BB Ryabchiy, V Ryndine, CR Saaiman, HK Sabwa, S Sadat, SS Saed, E Salaheddin, H Salaou, M Saleh, HM Salisu-Kabara, W Sam-Awortwi (Jnr), N Samuel, DK Sanduku, LN Sanyang, HN Sarah, A Sarkin-Pawa, R Sathiram, T Saurombe, H Schutte, MP Sebei, MD Sedekounou, MP Segooa, EM Semenya, BO Semo, CS Sendagire, SA Senoga, FS Senusi, T Serdyn, MD Seshibe, GB Shah, R Shamamba, CS Shambare, TN Shangase, SH Shanin, IE Shefren, AA Sheshe, OB Shittu, AS Shkirban, T Sholadoye, A Shubba, N Sigcu, SE Sihope, DS Sikazwe, BS Sikombe, K Simaga Abdoul, WAG Simo, K Singata, AS Singh, S Singh, Usha Singh, V Sinoamadi, N Sipuka, NLM Sithole, S Sitima, David Lee Skinner, GC Skinner, OI Smith, CAG Smits, MSI Sofia, Gaoussou Sogoba, A Sohoub, SS Sookun, O Sosinska, Rosalie Souhe, G Souley, Thiam Souleymane, JM Spicer, Sandra Spijkerman, H Steinhaus, A Steyn, G Steyn, HC Steyn, Heidi L Stoltenkamp, S Stroyer, A Swaleh, E Swayeb, AJ Szpytko, NA Taiwo, A Tarhuni, D Tarloff, Blaise Tchaou, Charles Tchegnonsi, M Tchoupa, MO Teeka, B Thakoor, MM Theunissen, BP Thomas, MB Thomas, A Thotharam, O Tobiko, AM Torborg, SM Tshisekedi, SK Tshisola, R Tshitangano, F Tshivhula, HT Tshuma, Janat Tumukunde, M Tun, IA Udo, DI Uhuebor, KU Umeh, AO Usenbo, JdD Uwiteyimbabazi, DJ Van der Merwe, FH van der Merwe, JE van der Walt, Dominique van Dyk, JG Van Dyk, JJS van Niekerk, S van Wyk, HA van Zyl, B Veerasamy, PJ Venter, AJ Vermeulen, R Villarreal, J Visser, L Visser, M Voigt, Richard P von Rahden, A Wafa, A Wafula, PK Wambugu, P Waryoba, EN Waweru, M Weideman, Robert D Wise, EE Wynne, AI Yahya, AA Yahya, R Yahya, Y Yakubu, JJ Yanga, YM Yangazov, O Yousef, G Yousef, AA Yunus, AS Yusuf, AZ Zeiton, HZ Zentuti, Henry Zepharine, AB Zerihun, S Zhou, A Zidan, Sanogo Zimogo Zié, CZ Zinyemba, A Zo, Lidwine Zomahoun, NZ Zoobei, Eugene Zoumenou, NZ Zubia, and Supporting clinical sciences

Subjects
Male, Postoperative Complications/epidemiology, 030230 surgery, Global Health, Severity of Illness Index, Neurosurgical Procedures, Postoperative Complications, 0302 clinical medicine, Gynecologic Surgical Procedures, 030202 anesthesiology, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Medicine, Orthopedic Procedures, Postoperative Period, Prospective Studies, Young adult, Prospective cohort study, Digestive System Surgical Procedures, Surgical Wound Infection/epidemiology, education.field_of_study, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Hospitals, Surgical Procedures, Operative, Cohort studies, Urologic Surgical Procedures, young adult, Female, pregnancy, Vascular Surgical Procedures, Cohort study, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Population, Lower risk, 03 medical and health sciences, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Severity of illness, Surgical Wound Infection, Humans, Cardiac Surgical Procedures, Mortality, education, business.industry, Cesarean Section, Perioperative, Thoracic Surgical Procedures, Logistic Models, Africa/epidemiology, Africa, Emergency medicine, Observational study, business
Abstract

Summary Background There is a need to increase access to surgical treatments in African countries, but perioperative complications represent a major global health-care burden. There are few studies describing surgical outcomes in Africa. Methods We did a 7-day, international, prospective, observational cohort study of patients aged 18 years and older undergoing any inpatient surgery in 25 countries in Africa (the African Surgical Outcomes Study). We aimed to recruit as many hospitals as possible using a convenience sampling survey, and required data from at least ten hospitals per country (or half the surgical centres if there were fewer than ten hospitals) and data for at least 90% of eligible patients from each site. Each country selected one recruitment week between February and May, 2016. The primary outcome was in-hospital postoperative complications, assessed according to predefined criteria and graded as mild, moderate, or severe. Data were presented as median (IQR), mean (SD), or n (%), and compared using t tests. This study is registered on the South African National Health Research Database (KZ_2015RP7_22) and ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03044899). Findings We recruited 11 422 patients (median 29 [IQR 10–70]) from 247 hospitals during the national cohort weeks. Hospitals served a median population of 810 000 people (IQR 200 000–2 000 000), with a combined number of specialist surgeons, obstetricians, and anaesthetists totalling 0·7 (0·2–1·9) per 100 000 population. Hospitals did a median of 212 (IQR 65–578) surgical procedures per 100 000 population each year. Patients were younger (mean age 38·5 years [SD 16·1]), with a lower risk profile (American Society of Anesthesiologists median score 1 [IQR 1–2]) than reported in high-income countries. 1253 (11%) patients were infected with HIV, 6504 procedures (57%) were urgent or emergent, and the most common procedure was caesarean delivery (3792 patients, 33%). Postoperative complications occurred in 1977 (18·2%, 95% CI 17·4–18·9]) of 10 885 patients. 239 (2·1%) of 11 193 patients died, 225 (94·1%) after the day of surgery. Infection was the most common complication (1156 [10·2%] of 10 970 patients), of whom 112 (9·7%) died. Interpretation Despite a low-risk profile and few postoperative complications, patients in Africa were twice as likely to die after surgery when compared with the global average for postoperative deaths. Initiatives to increase access to surgical treatments in Africa therefore should be coupled with improved surveillance for deteriorating physiology in patients who develop postoperative complications, and the resources necessary to achieve this objective. Funding Medical Research Council of South Africa.

Published
2018

24. Effects of Different Dietary Levels of Two Types of Olive Pulp and Exogenous Enzyme Supplementation on the Gastrointestinal tract size, Immunology and Hematology of Broilers

Author

Wag Araújo, Lft Albino, Alireza Seidavi, Ahmad Ghorbani, P Sayehban, and Mohammad Dadashbeiki

Subjects
Gastrointestinal tract, Very low-density lipoprotein, lcsh:Veterinary medicine, Broiler, Immune responses, Natural antioxidants, Processing, Biology, Jejunum, Cecum, medicine.anatomical_structure, Immune system, Alternative feedstuffs, lcsh:Zoology, Immunology, medicine, lcsh:SF600-1100, Pulp (tooth), Animal Science and Zoology, lcsh:Animal culture, lcsh:QL1-991, Visceral physiology, Completely randomized design, lcsh:SF1-1100
Abstract

The effects of the dietary inclusion of olive pulp (OP) and the supplementation of a commercial enzyme blend (ENZ) on the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) size, and immune and hematological parameters were evaluated. In total, 600 one-day-old Ross 308 male broiler chicks were divided into 6 treatments according to a completely randomized design, in a 2×2×2 factorial scheme, consisting of the dietary inclusion of two olive pulp levels (50 and 100 g/kg in diet), two pulp categories (processed and unprocessed), and the inclusion or not of an enzyme blend. On d 42, birds were euthanized and blood samples were collected, and lymphoid, hematologic, and GIT organs were measured. The inclusion of 100g/kg OP in the diets increased jejunum relative weight (J%) and jejunum length (p ≤ 0.05). Processed OP reduced jejunum weight and length, J%, and left cecum length, serum triglycerides and VLDL cholesterol levels (p ≤ 0.05). Enzyme supplementation did affect any of the studied parameters (p>0.05). The OP inclusion improved the GIT size, while processed OP reduced GIT measurements and serum lipid levels.

Published
2015
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25. Effects of Dietary L-Glutamine or L-Glutamine Plus L-Glutamic Acid Supplementation Programs on the Performance and Breast Meat Yield Uniformity of 42-d-Old Broilers

Author

Gbs Pessoa, Cln Ribeiro, Wag Araújo, Lft Albino, D.L. Silva, Rodolfo Alves Vieira, Ribeiro Jr, Melissa Izabel Hannas, Rkg Messias, and Horacio Santiago Rostagno

Subjects
lcsh:Veterinary medicine, business.industry, Coefficient of variation, growth, Broiler, Randomized block design, Glutamic acid, non-essential amino acids, Biology, Feed conversion ratio, uniformity, Biotechnology, Starter, Animal science, L-glutamine, Yield (chemistry), lcsh:Zoology, lcsh:SF600-1100, Animal Science and Zoology, Breast, lcsh:Animal culture, lcsh:QL1-991, business, lcsh:SF1-1100
Abstract

This study aimed at evaluating four dietary L-Glutamine (L-Gln) or L-Gln plus L-Glutamate (L-Glu) supplementation programs on the performance, breast yield, and uniformity of broilers. A total of 2,112 one-d-old male Cobb 500(r) broilers were distributed according to a randomized block design in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement (L-Gln or L-Gln plus L-Glu × 4 supplementation programs), totaling eight treatments with 12 replicates of 22 broilers each. The supplementation programs consisted of the dietary inclusion or not of 0.4% of L-Gln or L-Gln plus L-Glu for four different periods: 0 days (negative control), 9d, 21d, and 42d. Feed intake (FI, g), body weight gain (BWG, g), feed conversion ratio (FCR, kg/kg), coefficient of variation of body weight (CV, %), body weight uniformity (UNIF, %), breast weight (BW, g), breast yield (BY, %), coefficient of variation of breast weight (CVB), breast uniformity (UNIFB), coefficient of variation of breast yield (CVBY), and breast yield uniformity (UNIFBY) were evaluated. Birds fed the diets treatments supplemented with L-Gln or L-Gln plus L-Glu for 9d presented 3% higher BWG (p

Published
2015

26. Atoyac River pollution Dynamics. Case Study: Emilio Portes Gil, Puebla, México

Author

Aldana Fh, Flores Vt, Vega Rc, Fonseca Ad, Reyes Ll, Perales Jlm, Suastegui Wag, Silva Ah, and Pérez Castresana G

Subjects
Environmental science, Heavy metals, Water resource management, Water pollution, River pollution, behavioral_sciences_other
Abstract

The Atoyac River crosses the metropolitan area of Puebla, Mexico, and presents a condition of severe degradation that has been poorly studied. The research was conducted in the year 2016 and analyzed the space-time dynamics of the water quality of the river, the increase in pollution in the period 2011–2016, and the water quality of the Atoyac River used for agricultural irrigation and human consumption in the population of Emilio Portes Gil, Ocoyucan, based on official Mexican standards (NOMs). The anoxic state of the river was demonstrated (~1.47 mgO2/L) and the high organic pollution, particularly in drought, as well as the presence of large populations of coliform bacteria, and 11 enterobacteries of pathogenic importance. The pollution recorded an average increase of 49% in the period 2011-2016, and the values of Fe, Al, Pb, and Cd in variable percentages. It was evidenced that water for irrigation and wells is contaminated with fecal bacteria (104–549 NMP/100 mL), including pathogenic. In wells, the concentration of heavy metals was 5 times higher in drought. These results represent a serious threat for the population of Emilio Portes Gil and the environment in the metropolitan area of Puebla.

Published
2017

27. Sunflower meal and enzyme supplementation of the diet of 21- to 42-d-old broilers

Author

MI Hannas, G. R. Lelis, Wag Araújo, Rkg Messias, Gbs Pessoa, L. F. T. Albino, Ribeiro Jr, and Horacio Santiago Rostagno

Subjects
Enzyme supplementation, Randomized block design, Positive control, Biology, Feed conversion ratio, enzyme blend, lcsh:Zoology, medicine, lcsh:QL1-991, Food science, alternative feedstuffs, lcsh:SF1-1100, Meal, lcsh:Veterinary medicine, broilers, Enzyme blend, Broilers, Broiler, Sunflower, Alternative feedstuffs, lcsh:SF600-1100, Animal Science and Zoology, lcsh:Animal culture, medicine.symptom, Sunflower meal, Weight gain
Abstract

O artigo não contém o resumo em português. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of male broilers between 21 and 42 days of age fed diets supplemented with an enzyme blend (EB) and containing graded levels of sunflower meal (SFM). In total, 1920 male Cobb broilers were distributed according to a randomized block experimental design in a 4 x 3 factorial arrangement (four SFM dietary levels vs. three feed formulations) with eight replicates of 20 birds each. Dietary SFM inclusion levels were 0, 8, 16, and 24%. Feed formulation included one negative control diet (NC) formulated to supply broiler nutritional requirements, considering EB nutritional matrix values; a diet formulated as the first one, but with the addition of 0.5% EB (NC+EB); and the third diet (positive control – PC) was calculated to supply broiler requirements. Feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and carcass parameters were evaluated. There was no effect of EB dietary supplementation on the evaluated performance or carcass parameters (p > 0.05). Increasing dietary addition of SFM reduced weight gain and worsened feed conversion ratio (p > 0.05). The best EEI was obtained with the NC+EB diet containing 8.0% SFM.

Published
2014
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28. Television Coverage and Outcome Uncertainty in Sports: Empirical Evidence from the NBA and WNBA. [Cobertura televisiva e incertidumbre en los resultados deportivos: Evidencia empírica en la NBA y la WNBA]

Author

Wright Hilsman, Franklin G. Mixon, Yubo Wag, and Steven B. Caudill

Subjects
lcsh:Sports, Television audience, Basketball, Television viewers, lcsh:Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, lcsh:Recreation. Leisure, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Context (language use), Football, lcsh:GV1-1860, League, lcsh:GV557-1198.995, sports economics, referee bias, lcsh:G, Sports economics, Sociology, Humanities, Social psychology, professional basketball, College football, outcome uncertainty
Abstract

In an important paper, Price, Remer, & Stone (2012) introduce one manifestation of referee bias called “close” bias – the idea being that because close games are more valuable, referees might officiate to keep games close. Using 990 observations from the 2011-12 National Basketball Association (NBA) season and 442 observations from the 2010 and 2011 Women’s National Basketball Association (WNBA) seasons, we test conceptual models of the impact of television coverage on close bias. Our empirical results that the absolute score differential is about two points less for nationally televised NBA games and about three points less for nationally televised WNBA games, even after accounting for differences in team strength. Our results confirm and extend the earlier findings of Price, Remer, & Stone (2012). Resumen En un importante articulo, Price, Remer y Stone (2012) introducen una manifestacion del sesgo arbitral llamada sesgo de "proximidad", el cual se refiere a que, dado que los partidos con marcadores ajustados son mas valiosos, los arbitros podrian actuar intencionadamente para mantenerlos asi. En nuestro estudio, y tras el analisis de 990 partidos de baloncesto de la temporada 2011-12 en la NBA, y de 442 partidos de las temporadas 2010 y 2011 en la WNBA, testamos varios modelos conceptuales sobre el impacto de la cobertura televisiva sobre el sesgo de proximidad. Los resultados indican que la diferencia absoluta en el marcador entre los equipos es alrededor de dos puntos menor para los partidos televisados a nivel nacional en la NBA, y sobre tres puntos menor para la WNBA, considerando las diferencias de potencial entre los equipos. De este modo, nuestros resultados confirman y extienden los hallazgos de Price, Remer y Stone (2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.5232/ricyde2014.03503 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- References/referencias Arkes, J. & Martinez, J. A. (2011). Finally, evidence for a momentum effect in the NBA. Journal of Quantitative Analysis in Sports 7 (3), Article 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1559-0410.1304 Buraimo, B. (2008). Stadium attendance and television audience demand in English League Football. Managerial and Decision Economics , 29, 513-23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mde.1421 Buraimo, B. & Simmons, R. (2009). A tale of two audiences: Spectators, television viewers and outcome uncertainty in Spanish football. Journal of Economics and Business , 61, 326-28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconbus.2008.10.002 Forrest, D.; Simmons, R., & Buraimo, B. (2005). Outcome uncertainty and the couch potato audience. Scottish Journal of Political Economy , 52, 641-61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9485.2005.00360.x Grant, A. & Graeme, R. (2008). Does television crowd out spectators? New evidence from the Scottish Premier League. Journal of Sports Economics , 9, 592-605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1527002508321458 Groot, L. (2009). Competitive balance in team sports: The scoring context, referees, and overtime. Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics , 165, 384-400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1628/093245609789471961 Kent, R. A.; Caudill, S. B., & Mixon, F. G., Jr. (2013). Rules changes and competitive balance in European professional soccer: Evidence from an event study approach. Applied Economics Letters , 2, 1,109-1,112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2013.791010 King, N.; Owen, P. D., & Audas, R. (2012). Playoff uncertainty, match uncertainty and attendance at Australian National Rugby League matches. Economic Record , 88, 262-277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4932.2011.00778.x Lee, Y. H. & Fort, R. (2008). Attendance and the uncertainty-of-outcome hypothesis in baseball. Review of Industrial Organization , 33, 281-295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11151-008-9193-9 Mixon, F. G., Jr.; Gibson, M. T., & Upadhyaya, K. P. (2003). Has legislative television changed legislator behavior? C-SPAN2 and the frequency of Senate filibustering. Public Choice , 115, 139-162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022873227439 Paul, R.; Humphreys, B. R., & Weinbach, A. (2012). Uncertainty of outcome and attendance in college football: Evidence from four conferences. Economic and Labour Relations Review , 23, 69-82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/103530461202300206 Peel, D. & Thomas, D. (1988). Outcome uncertainty and the demand for football: An analysis of match attendance in the English Football League. Scottish Journal of Political Economy , 3, 242-249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9485.1988.tb01049.x Price, J.; Remer, M., & Stone, D. F. (2012). Subperfect game: Profitable biases of NBA referees. Journal of Economics & Management Strategy , 21, 271-300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-9134.2011.00325.x Steiger, J.H., & Fouladi, R.T. (1992). R2: A computer program for interval estimation, power calculation, and hypothesis testing for the squared multiple correlation. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, and Computers , 4, 581–582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/BF03203611

Published
2014

32. Evaluation of Different Calcium Sources on the Performance of Highly Prolific Lactating Sows

Author

Maiorka A, Araújo Wag, Silva Cc, Falleiros Ft, Raidan Fss, Silva Ban, and Barrilli Lne

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Litter (animal), Veterinary medicine, chemistry.chemical_element, Biology, Calcium, Body weight, Leite -- Produção, 03 medical and health sciences, Milk yield, Animal science, Lactation, medicine, Weaning, Hormônios na nutrição animal, Porca, General Veterinary, Cálcio, 0402 animal and dairy science, Lactação, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 040201 dairy & animal science, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, Dietary mineral, medicine.symptom, Weight gain
Abstract

Improvements in sow productivity have raised questions regarding dietary mineral recommendations. Current calcium (Ca) levels and/or Ca sources might not support milk requirements of the larger litter in the modern sow. Therefore, four hundred and eighty mixed parity sows of a high prolificacy genetic line were used to evaluate the impact of the calcium source on the performance of highly prolific lactating sows. Sows were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design among six treatments containing different levels of inorganic Ca (INO) and organic calcium carbon-amino-phospho-chelate (CQT) inclusion. The sows were allocated to one of the six treatments represented by increased replacement ratios between sources of calcium: 100% INO; 100% CQT; 80% INO and 20% CQT; 60% INO and 40% CQT; 40% INO and 60% CQT; 20% INO and 80% CQT. Farrowing duration was not influenced (P>0.10) by the treatments, and averaged 185 minutes. Average daily voluntary feed intake did not differ (P>0.10) between treatments (5.54 kg d-1 on average). The lactation BW, backfat losses and chemical composition of body weight loss was not nfluenced (P>0.10) by the treatments. Litter size and average piglet weight at birth were not influenced (P>0.10) by the treatments (13.7 and 1.26 kg, on average). Litter weight gain, litter size and average piglet weight at weaning were also not influenced (P>0.10) by the treatments. The Treatments did not influence (P>0.10) estimated daily milk yield; which averaged 11.41 kg d-1. The treatments tended to influence (P0.10) by treatments during lactation and averaged 1.38 mmol/L and 14.62 pg/ml, respectively. In conclusion, this experiment demonstrated that in diets for lactating sows an inorganic Ca source can be fully replaced by a more available Ca source (i.e., calcium carbon-amino-phospho-chelate), without negatively impacting the productive and reproductive performance of these animals or the performance of their litters.

Published
2017
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33. Enzyme Complex Added to Broiler Diets: Effects on Performance, Metabolizable Energy Content, and Nitrogen and Phosphorus Balance

Author

Pessôa, GBS, Ribeiro Junior, V, Albino, LFT, Araújo, WAG, Silva, DL, Hannas, MI, and Rostagno, HS

Subjects
enzyme, Additives, broiler
Abstract

Two trials were performed to evaluate the effects of an enzyme complex (EC) on broiler performance, metabolizable energy, and phosphorus and nitrogen balance. In the first trial, 960 one-day-old male Cobb broilers were randomly distributed in a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement (three nutritional levels and the inclusion or not of EC), totaling six treatments with eight replicates of 20 birds per pen, and reared until 42 days of age. The control diet was formulated to meet the broilers' nutritional requirements. The other diets contained reduced available phosphorus (P), metabolizable energy, and amino acid levels, considering 100% and 150% of the EC nutritional matrix. The inclusion of the EC (200 g/ton) resulted in better broiler performance, improving weight gain in 4% and feed conversion ratio in 3% (p< 0.05). In the second trial, 240 male broilers were randomly distributed into the same treatments with eight replicates of five birds per cage. The method of total excreta collection was used. There was an interaction (p< 0.05) between diets and EC for P intake, nitrogen (N) intake, and N retention. The EC supplementation improved nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy values in 2.02% (p< 0.05). Significant effects were observed on phosphorus and nitrogen balance (p< 0.05). Phosphorus retention improved in 10.26%, nitrogen retention increased in 5.3%, while nitrogen excretion decreased in 3.3%. Based on the results of the present study, we recommend the addition of 200 g/t of the enzyme complex to broiler diets, considering nutrient reduction based on 100% of the EC nutritional matrix.

Published
2016

34. EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF TWO TYPES OF OLIVE PULP WITH OR WITHOUT EXOGENOUS ENZYME SUPPLEMENTATION ON BROILER PERFORMANCE AND ECONOMIC PARAMETERS

Author

Alireza Seidavi, P Sayehban, Wag Araújo, Lft Albino, Ahmad Ghorbani, and Mohammad Dadashbeiki

Subjects
Live weight, engineering.material, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Feed conversion ratio, Economic parameters, lcsh:Zoology, medicine, byproducts, lcsh:QL1-991, Food science, Completely randomized design, lcsh:SF1-1100, lcsh:Veterinary medicine, Pulp (paper), poultry, 010401 analytical chemistry, 0402 animal and dairy science, Broiler, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Feedstuffs, 040201 dairy & animal science, 0104 chemical sciences, Exogenous enzymes, engineering, lcsh:SF600-1100, Animal Science and Zoology, processing, lcsh:Animal culture, medicine.symptom, Weight gain
Abstract

The effects of the dietary inclusion of olive pulp (OP) and supplementation birds with a commercial enzyme blend (ENZ) on the performance of broilers were evaluated. Six hundred one-day-old male Ross 308 broilers were divided according to a completely randomized design into 10 treatments in a 2×2×2+2 factorial arrangement, consisting of two olive pulp levels (50 and 100 g/kg diet), two pulp categories (processed and non-processed), the inclusion or not of an enzyme blend supplement, and two control treatments without OP and the inclusion or not of the enzyme blend in the diet. Feed intake (FI), weight gain (WG), feed efficiency (FE), energy intake (EI), energy efficiency (EE), protein intake (PI), protein efficiency (PE), feed cost per kg live weight (FC/kg), and production index (IP) were determined. There was no significant difference (p> 0.05) between broilers fed the OP diets and the control diets for all parameters. Processed OP improved FE (p≤ 0.019 from 1-21 days; p≤ 0.005 from 22-42 days; and p≤ 0.008 from 1-42 days of age) and EE (p≤ 0.012 from 1-21 days; p≤ 0.012 from 22-42 days; and p≤ 0.002 from 1-42 days of age). The enzyme blend supplementation did not influence (p> 0.05) any of the studied variables. The inclusion of OP in the diets at levels up to 100g/kg would does not have deleterious effects on broiler production performance.

Published
2016

35. Bioactive Constituents of Conyza floribunda

Author

Joseph A. Ogur, Silvia Awino Opiy, Samuel Otieno Wag, and Lawrence Onyango Ar

Subjects
Traditional medicine, Chemistry, Conyza floribunda, Pharmacology (medical), General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Published
2010
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36. 180° view on general practitioners’ leadership skills: practice-level comparisons of leader and staff assessments using data from the cluster-randomised controlled IMPROVEjob study

Author

Birgitta Weltermann, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, A Wagner, Monika A Rieger, Esther Rind, S Burgess, Albert Nienhaus, K-H Jockel, C Kersting, J Block, S Hartmann, F Junne, Manuela Schmidt, Tanja Seifried-Dübon, Horst Christian Vollmar, Julian Göbel, Lukas Degen, Brigitte Werners, Matthias Grot, Claudia Pieper, Karen Minder, M Brinkmann, A Herrmann-Werner, A Siegel, F Stuber, J-M Bois, A Dreher, M Hippler, L Imhoff, C Ose, E Tsarouha, Stefanie Esper, Katja Götz, Andre Habrock, and Andrea Wittich

Subjects
Medicine
Abstract

Objectives Strong primary care leaders are needed to assure high quality services for patient populations. This study analysed general practitioners’ (GP) leadership skills comparing practice-level self and staff assessments based on the full range of leadership model and the leader-member exchange (LMX).Setting The questionnaire survey was conducted among German general practice leaders and their staff participating in the IMPROVEjob trial.Participants The study population comprised 60 German general practices with 366 participants: 84 GP practice leaders and 282 employees (28 physicians and 254 practice assistants).Primary and secondary outcome measures Leadership skills of the practice leaders were measured using the Integrative Leadership Questionnaire (German Fragebogen für integrative Führung) and the LMX-7 questionnaire. Leaders rated themselves and practice staff rated their leaders. The data was analysed by paired mean comparisons on the practice level.Results For most leadership dimensions, practice leaders rated themselves higher than their employees rated them. Differences were found for transformational leadership (p

Published
2023
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38. A Switched System Approach to Exponential Stabilization of Sampled-Data T-S Fuzzy Systems With Packet Dropouts

Author

Wang, Meng, Qiu, Jianbin, Chadli, Mohammed, Wang, Mao, and Wag, Meng

Subjects
0209 industrial biotechnology, Basis (linear algebra), Network packet, 02 engineering and technology, Fuzzy control system, Fuzzy logic, Computer Science Applications, Human-Computer Interaction, 020901 industrial engineering & automation, Exponential stability, Exponential growth, Control and Systems Engineering, Control theory, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Piecewise, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Software, Elektrotechnik, Information Systems, Mathematics
Abstract

This paper investigates the problem of exponential stabilization for sampled-data Takagi–Sugeno (T–S) fuzzy control systems with packet dropouts. An input delay approach is adopted to model the sample-and-hold behavior with a time-varying delayed control input, and a switched system approach is proposed to model the data-missing phenomenon. On this basis, the sampled-data T–S fuzzy control system with packet dropouts is modeled as a switched T–S fuzzy system with time-varying delay. The objective is to design a sampled-data fuzzy controller to guarantee the exponential stability of the resulting closed-loop system. Based on a new piecewise time-dependent Lyapunov functional, a novel sufficient condition is derived for the existence of exponentially stabilizing sampled-data fuzzy controllers. All the solutions to the problem are formulated in the form of linear matrix inequalities. Finally, two simulation examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.

Published
2015

39. Sunflower Meal and Supplementation of an Enzyme Complex in Layer Diets

Author

Wag Araújo, Lft Albino, Gbs Pessoa, Rodolfo Alves Vieira, Scs Cruz, Pro Carneiro, H. S. Rostagno, and G. R. Lelis

Subjects
Enzyme complex, Meal, food.ingredient, lcsh:Veterinary medicine, poultry, Randomized block design, Biology, feed costs, Feed conversion ratio, Sunflower, Nutrient, food, Alternative feedstuffs, Yolk, lcsh:Zoology, lcsh:SF600-1100, Animal Science and Zoology, Food science, lcsh:Animal culture, lcsh:QL1-991, Eggshell, eggs quality, lcsh:SF1-1100
Abstract

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the performance of 64- to 79-wk-old laying hens fed diets supplemented with an enzyme complex (EC) and containing increasing sunflower meal (SFM) levels. A total of 384 Hy-Line Brown layers were distributed according to a randomized block design in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement (four levels of SFM, and inclusion or not of EC), with eight replicates of six birds each unit. The levels of SFM inclusion were 0, 8, 16 and 24%, utilized in two distinct diets. Diets were calculated to meet all the nutritional requirements of birds, except for the nutrients that would be made available by the nutritional matrix of the enzyme complex, with or without utilization of EC. The parameters analyzed were feed intake (g/bird/day), egg production (%/bird/day), egg weight, egg mass (g/bird/day), feed conversion ratio per egg mass, feed conversion ratio per dozen eggs, body weight gain, egg components (yolk, albumen and eggshell) and the economic efficiency index (EEI). There was no interaction between EC addition and the SFM levels in the diet. The addition of EC in the diets of laying hens did not affect egg productive or components parameters. The increase in the SFM levels in the diet presented quadratic effect on egg production and feed conversion ratio per dozen eggs, with calculated optimal sunflower meal inclusion levels of 6.72% and 5.83%, respectively, for each parameter. The best economic efficiency per dozen eggs was obtained with the diet with 16.0% SFM and EC inclusion, whereas per egg mass with the diet with of 24.0% SFM and no EC addition.

Published
2015

40. Direct Visualization of Charge-Extraction in Metal-Mesh Based OPV Cells by Light-Biased LBIC

Author

Gruber, Mathias, Muller, Arne, Jovanov, Vladislav, Walter, Manfred J., Veig, Wag, Gruber, Mathias, Muller, Arne, Jovanov, Vladislav, Walter, Manfred J., and Veig, Wag

Abstract

Metal-mesh based electrode systems are a highly conductive, versatile, and inexpensive alternative to ITO-electrodes for organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells. However, they do not offer full surface conductivity and are, therefore, usually combined with an additional conductive layer (e.g. PEDOT:PSS), which enables lateral charge-transport in the area in between the metal tracks. The sheet conductivity of this additional lateral conductive layer (LCL) needs to be carefully tuned with respect to the distance of the metal tracks to reduce short circuit current (Jsc) losses and additional series resistance due to resistive losses in the LCL material. Usually, this is done via electrical simulation or via analysis of IV-measurements of a large number of devices with different LCL sheet conductivities. Here, we present the light-biased light-beam-induced-current (LB-LBIC) measurement technique as a direct way to visualize current collection losses due to PEDOT:PSS sheet resistance in metal mesh/bus bar based OPV cells. We demonstrate that with LB-LBIC we are not only able to visualize and optimize lateral charge extraction under real-device operation conditions in OPV cells based on a high-resolution metal mesh but can measure the PEDOT:PSS sheet resistance in operating OPV devices as well.

Published
2017

42. Vance Palmer: Homo Australiensis

Author

Ward, Russel, Prichard, Katharine Susannah, Martin, David, Dark, Eleanor, Fitzpatrick, Kathleen, Barnard, Marjorie, Cusack, Dymphna, Mann, Leonard, Gilmore, Mary, Scott, WAG, Meredith, John, Manifold, John S, and Aurousseau, Marcel

Published
1959

43. METABOLISM OF TERRITREM A BY LIVER MICROSOMES OF WISTAR RATS: IDENTIFICATION OF THE METABOLITES AND THEIR METABOLIC SEQUENCE

Author

Bow-Long Wag, Shiuan-Woei Lin Wu, and Fu-Chuo Peng

Subjects
Male, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Antimetabolites, Stereochemistry, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Metabolite, Taiwan, Oxidative phosphorylation, Toxicology, High-performance liquid chromatography, Hydroxylation, chemistry.chemical_compound, Animals, Rats, Wistar, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Pyrans, Chromatography, biology, Cytochrome P450, Oryza, Metabolism, Metyrapone, Rats, chemistry, Pyran, Food Microbiology, Microsomes, Liver, biology.protein, Methyl group
Abstract

The metabolism of territrem A (TRA) was investigated in liver microsomes of male Wistar rats. The results indicated that three metabolites were produced from TRA and these metabolic reactions were inhibited by metyrapone, an inhibitor of cytochrome P450. Based on analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), mass, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic techniques, the structure of these metabolites were identified as 4 g -hydroxymethyl-4 g -demethylterritrem A (MA 1 ), 4 g oxo-4 g -demethylterritrem A (MAX), and 2-dihydro-4 g -demethylterritrem A (MA ). It 2 was proposed that reactions proceeded by three sequential oxidative reactions in the pyran moiety of TRA: first, hydroxylation at the 4 g -C methyl group of TRA to form MA 1 ; second, oxidation at the 4 g -C hydroxyl group of MA to form MAX; and third, decar1 bonylation at the 4 g -C oxo group of MAX to form MA 2 .

Published
2001
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47. Coccidiosis in hihi/stitchbirds (Notiomystis cincta) due to coccidia of the Eimeriidae

Author

Wag Charleston, JR Barta, CM Twentyman, E. R. Schoener, Isabel Castro, Laryssa Howe, and Alley

Subjects
Eimeriidae, Male, Veterinary medicine, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, General Veterinary, biology, Bird Diseases, Coccidiosis, General Medicine, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Notiomystis cincta, Isospora, Birds, Coccidia, Liver tissue, medicine, Animals, Female, Pcr analysis, Phylogeny, New Zealand
Abstract

To describe the pathology of coccidiosis in hihi and to provide preliminary data on the taxonomy of the coccidia involved using molecular methods.In an initial study from 1994 to 1997, gross and histopathological examinations were performed on 12 dead juvenile hihi from the National Wildlife Centre (NWC) at Mt. Bruce. In a second study during 2008-2010 DNA from sporulated oocysts and liver tissue was used for PCR analysis and sequencing. Faecal samples were also obtained from infected hihi from the NWC and examined for coccidial oocysts, which were then sporulated in the laboratory in 1994-1997 and 2007-2009. In addition, a post mortem was performed on a dead adult hihi from the NWC in 2008, and 18 archived hihi tissues from 11 individual birds stored at the Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences (IVABS) were used for DNA extraction.Severe gross and histopathological changes in the intestine and occasionally in the liver were found in the 12 dead birds examined. The morphological characteristics of the sporulated oocysts suggested that two types of coccidia were present. PCR analysis and sequencing of extracted DNA supported the existence of at least two different coccidia species in hihi. These were genetically more closely related to the genus Eimeria than to the morphologically similar genus Cystisospora (formerly Isospora) of mammals. In addition, one liver tissue sample that was examined post mortem was positive for at least two different coccidia species of the family Eimeriidae according to sequencing results, and the presence of extraintestinal coccidian stages was confirmed.Preliminary morphological and sequencing results suggest that two types of eimeriid coccidia are present and at least one of these commonly has extraintestinal stages.Coccidiosis in hihi is a serious disease capable of causing mortalities in juvenile and adult birds in captive situations. Treatment and control of the disease will be difficult as the extraintestinal stages of the organism are likely to be refractile to oral treatment.

Published
2012

49. Rate and mechanism of black liquor char gasification with carbon dioxide at elevated pressures

Author

Kaj J. Wag, Mikko Hupa, and William J. Frederick

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, business.industry, General Chemical Engineering, chemistry.chemical_element, General Chemistry, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Carbon dioxide, medicine, Organic chemistry, Compounds of carbon, Coal, Char, business, Carbon, Pyrolysis, Black liquor, Activated carbon, medicine.drug
Abstract

The kinetics of sodium-catalyzed CO[sub 2] gasification of carbon at elevated pressures were investigated using a char, produced from spent kraft pulping liquor, in which the catalyst is distributed more uniformly in the carbon matrix than in alkali-metal-impregnated carbons. Gasification measurements were carried out in a pressurized thermobalance at 700 C, 0.1--25 bar CO[sub 2] partial pressures, and 0--6 bar CO partial pressures. The rate of gasification was an order of magnitude or more higher than the rate of gasification of potassium-impregnated activated carbon and several orders of magnitude greater than for alkali-metal-impregnated coal chars. It was less than first order in CO[sub 2], strongly inhibited by CO, and strongly temperature dependent. The gasification kinetics followed the same mechanism as reported previously for potassium-catalyzed CO[sub 2] gasification of activated carbon in spite of large differences in the carbon source, catalyst type, and loading. The rate of gasification initially increased with increasing carbon conversion, but decreased with increasing conversion over most of the range of conversion. The change in rate with carbon conversion is apparently related to changes in the number of active carbon sites and catalyst sites. There was no loss of sodium from the char during gasification.

Published
1993
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