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Brief results of research at the Department of Zootechnics of the PFUR in more than 30 years are reported on the relationship between cosmophysical activity and animal productivity (the rhythm of milk yield of cows and the chemical composition of milk, the biochemical composition of cows' blood). It is established that in even and odd 11-year solar cycles, animals react differently to cosmophysical activity. In even cycles, the increase in solar activity contributes to the growth of milk yields. In odd cycles, increasing solar activity reduces milk yield. The data of scientific observations, covering the periods of even and odd cycles, should be grouped and analyzed separately by cycles. Within 2-3 years, at the lowest peak of solar activity, and 2-3 years - at the top peak of activity (with the change of magnetic poles on the Sun) minimal and unreliable correlations are noted. The strongest correlation was noted in the middle of the rise or decrease in solar activity. The rhythm of milk yield was noted regard-less of the lactation phase of cows. Approximately 1/3 of the time, milk yield increased, 1/3 - decreased and 1/3 - remained at the same level, with fluctuations, with periods from 2.7; 3.3; up to 5.5 days. With an increase in milk yield during 31.0% of lactation days, the content of fat and protein in milk decreased, respectively, 25.8 and 25.4% of the time. With a decrease in milk yield during 33.7% of lactation days, the fat and protein content did not change, respectively, 49.8 and 48.1% days. The most pronounced interval of rhythmicity of the concentration of fat and protein in milk from 2 to 2.5 days with an average value of 2.2 days was established. In addition rhythm 2.8; 3.4; 4.4; 8; 32; 41,1 and 72 days was marked. Approxi-mately with the same cycles in the milk, sugar concentrations, density and acidity were changed.

On September 27, 2023, a seminar “Japan’s Economic Strategy in the Asia-Pacific Region” was held at MGIMO University. During the discussion, various issues related to the problems of Japan’s participation in the processes of international economic integration in the Asia-Pacific region, infrastructure development projects, as well as the relationship between economic and political aspects of Japan’s regional strategy were analyzed. Special attention was paid to the Japanese concept of the Indo-Pacific region, the Japanese initiative “Partnership for Quality Infrastructure,” as well as the economic measures of the Japanese government aimed at containing China in the Asia-Pacific region. The publication offers a transcript of this seminar.

The article considers facies analysis and the application of its results for the typification of rocks of the Tyumen Formation. The aim of the article is to create algorithms for the differentiated interpretation of geophysical studies of well log data of the Tyumen formation based on a detailed study of the core.Based on core studies, as well as geological, geophysical data and field information on the Tyumen Formation of some deposits in Western Siberia, the main groups of facies were identified, reflecting the hydrodynamic activity of sedimentation conditions: group 1 – high-dynamic conditions, group 2 – transitional conditions, group 3 – low-dynamic conditions.On the basis of this typification, petrophysical models of the deposits of the Tyumen Formation were created: petrophysical functions were built with differentiation by facies zones, boundary values of petrophysical parameters were obtained to identify reservoirs of different sedimentation conditions, algorithms for differentiated interpretation of well log data were proposed, also based on test results and field geophysical survey, differences in field characteristics for different sedimentation conditions were revealed, linear oil reserves were calculated using a new petrophysical model.The development and implementation of an integrated approach to the interpretation of well log data, taking into account the conditions of sedimentation, make it possible to increase the reliability of determining the properties of the reservoirs of the Tyumen Formation, and the efficiency of calculating the oil reserves.

The advanced fast ion-dominated high beta plasma is achieved using multi-MW neutral heating beams. To facilitate the diagnostics of this fast ion-dominated plasma, a high-energy and high-current diagnostic neutral beam (DNB) injector was designed and built by the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics. The DNB injector made active measurements of ion temperature and rotational velocity possible with the help of charge-exchange spectroscopy for impurity ions and, most importantly, for the main ion (deuterium) component. A DNB energy of 40 keV was chosen to assure low beam attenuation in the plasma and to enable spectroscopic measurements along the entire plasma column. The diameter (level 1/e) of the ballistically focused DNB in the plasma is about 8 cm. To achieve a high temporal resolution, unique methods of beam modulation with a frequency of up to 10 kHz were implemented. The achieved high DNB current of 8 A in atomic hydrogen in combination with the beam modulation enables to obtain an acceptable signal-to-noise ratio of the measured spectra.

The stress-strain properties of fine-grained carbonate concretes, despite the fact that they have proven themselves well in various types of construction, have not been studied to the same extent as the deformation and strength properties of traditional heavy concrete. The object of the study is to find ways to improve the physical and mechanical properties of fine-grained carbonate concretes by using a mineral complex additive consisting of a finely dispersed limestone filler and a superplasticizer in the composition of concrete. The relationship between the ultimate values of strength characteristics (cubic strength) and crack-initiating stresses and deformations for conventional and carbonate fine-grained concrete compositions were analyzed. Through the damping mechanism of the cracking process in concrete, due to the joint work of a superplasticizer and a carbonate microdisperse filler a composition of carbonate fine-grained concrete was obtained, capable of resisting static and dynamic loads, with a dense structure and increased reliability and durability.

The study presents a thorough and detailed analysis of bicalutamide’s structural and conformational properties. Quantum chemical calculations were employed to explore the conformational properties of the molecule, identifying significant energy differences between conformers. Analysis revealed that hydrogen bonds stabilise the conformers, with notable variations in torsion angles. Conformers were classified into ‘closed’ and ‘open’ types based on the relative orientation of the cyclic fragments. NOE spectroscopy in different solvents (CDCl3 and DMSO-d6) was used to study the conformational preferences of the molecule. NOESY experiments provided the predominance of ‘closed’ conformers in non-polar solvents and a significant presence of ‘open’ conformers in polar solvents. The proportions of open conformers were 22.7 ± 3.7% in CDCl3 and 59.8 ± 6.2% in DMSO-d6, while closed conformers accounted for 77.3 ± 3.7% and 40.2 ± 6.2%, respectively. This comprehensive study underscores the solvent environment’s impact on its structural behaviour. The findings significantly contribute to a deeper understanding of conformational dynamics, stimulating further exploration in drug development.

The Olympic and Paralympic Games in Tokyo in July–September 2021 took place in a challenging social environment that seriously affected the public perception of the events. When preparing for the Olympics from 2013–2019, the Japanese people actively supported the Games, which was confirmed by the results of numerous sociological studies. In March 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic began, followed by several waves of infection spread. The competition was postponed for a year. Vaccination in Japan was delayed compared with most of the G7 countries. Against this background, in the summer of 2021, the most dangerous Delta strain of coronavirus began to spread in the country, bringing a rise in mortality rates and overcrowding in hospitals in large cities. In this difficult epidemiological and social situation, surveys recorded a negative attitude towards the Olympics. However, during the competition, the majority opinion once again turned positive, mainly due to the athletic successes of the Japanese team and effective anti-virus control measures. The absence of spectators in the venues, most probably, did not affect the sporting achievements significantly. At least, the Japanese Olympic team won a record number of medals. Infection prevention measures proved effective in limiting the transmission of the virus among the athletes and the Japanese service personnel. The economic and symbolic achievements of the Games did not meet expectations, as, during the Olympics, it was not possible to properly address its significance as the end point of the low-growth “lost decades”, evidence of economic recovery after the triple disaster of 2011, and as a tool to increase Japan’s tourist attractiveness. Therefore, during the pandemic, major sports events should be held primarily to train top-class athletes and to increase populace satisfaction with the success of the national team rather than to obtain direct economic benefits or improve the host country’s image.

The article analyzes the possibilities of studying the issues of the interterritorial distribution of the economy, taking into account maritime communications in the development of solid minerals in the west-ern sector of the Russian Arctic on the basis of interaction of national and corporate interests at the re-gional level. Relatively large deposits of solid minerals are located in this region. The development of non-ferrous metal deposits, taking into account the requirements of rational nature management, is the engine of economic development in the western Arctic regions of Russia. An urgent task is the scientific substantiation of favorable conditions for the comprehensive development of marine activities, necessary technological and human potential, economic benefits from the use of domestic marine potential, mineral resources and spaces of the western part of the Russian Arctic in the interests of national security, economic development and improving the welfare of citizens of the Russian Federation. The information framework is based on the experience of developing lead-zinc ore deposits in the Arctic. The topic under study is consistent with the provisions of regional and sectoral economics, as well as spatial economics. This scientific basis makes it possible to substantiate the spatial organization of the national economy in the development of solid minerals in the western part of the Russian Arctic.

Abstract Background The present multicenter retrospective study included 7148 patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy (CEA) between 2010 and 2021. Based on the results of angiography (AG)/multislice computed tomography (MSCT) angiography, 3 types of carotid bifurcation were identified depending on the projection of the carotid sinus to the cervical vertebrae: type I (high)—from the upper edge of the body of the II cervical vertebra to the lower edge of intervertebral disc located between III and IV cervical vertebrae; type II (medium)—from the upper edge of the body of the IV cervical vertebra to the lower edge of the body of the V cervical vertebra; and type III (low)—from the upper edge of the intervertebral disc located between the V and VI cervical vertebrae to the lower edge of the body of the VII cervical vertebra. Purpose of the study To develop a new classification of the types (high, medium, low) of carotid bifurcations (based on the level of cervical vertebrae) with analysis of the results of CEA depending on the type. Results The largest number of ischemic strokes (n = 15; 1.1%; p = 0.0001) was found in type I (high) bifurcation of the carotid artery. The majority of bleedings of type 3b and higher according to the BARC scale with the formation of acute hematomas in the intervention area (n = 14; 1.2%; p = 0.0029) were recorded in type III carotid bifurcation (low). Conclusions Type II (medium) carotid bifurcation may be the most preferred for CEA.

Abstract The future Ricochet experiment aims at searching for new physics in the electroweak sector by providing a high precision measurement of the Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering (CENNS) process down to the sub-100 eV nuclear recoil energy range. The experiment will deploy a kg-scale low-energy-threshold detector array combining Ge and Zn target crystals 8.8 m away from the 58 MW research nuclear reactor core of the Institut Laue Langevin (ILL) in Grenoble, France. Currently, the Ricochet Collaboration is characterizing the backgrounds at its future experimental site in order to optimize the experiment’s shielding design. The most threatening background component, which cannot be actively rejected by particle identification, consists of keV-scale neutron-induced nuclear recoils. These initial fast neutrons are generated by the reactor core and surrounding experiments (reactogenics), and by the cosmic rays producing primary neutrons and muon-induced neutrons in the surrounding materials. In this paper, we present the Ricochet neutron background characterization using $$^3$$ 3 He proportional counters which exhibit a high sensitivity to thermal, epithermal and fast neutrons. We compare these measurements to the Ricochet Geant4 simulations to validate our reactogenic and cosmogenic neutron background estimations. Eventually, we present our estimated neutron background for the future Ricochet experiment and the resulting CENNS detection significance. Our results show that depending on the effectiveness of the muon veto, we expect a total nuclear recoil background rate between 44 ± 3 and 9 ± 2 events/day/kg in the CENNS region of interest, i.e. between 50 eV and 1 keV. We therefore found that the Ricochet experiment should reach a statistical significance of 4.6 to 13.6 $$\sigma $$ σ for the detection of CENNS after one reactor cycle, when only the limiting neutron background is considered.

The paper presents the current practical knowledge of the pathogenesis of postoperative complications in aortic surgery. Recommendations on the tactics of treating patients and on their preoperative preparation are given in this article.

This publication describes severe complication after cardiac surgery – acute renal failure; the current literature on the development of acute renal failure after cardiac surgery. In publication report reason of acute renal failure, the criteria for diagnosis are viewed. The criteria for diagnosis are discussed, taking into account the specifi cs of kidney damage after cardiopulmonary bypass or a long period of ischemia. The article describes methods of reducing kidney damage during cardiac arrest during thoracoabdominal aorta surgery. The information is presented in terms of the clinician, they can be applied in everyday practice of the surgeon. Accounting data presented will reduce the incidence of this complication.

Abstract Liquid xenon time projection chambers are promising detectors to search for neutrinoless double beta decay (0 $$\nu \beta \beta $$ ν β β ), due to their response uniformity, monolithic sensitive volume, scalability to large target masses, and suitability for extremely low background operations. The nEXO collaboration has designed a tonne-scale time projection chamber that aims to search for 0 $$\nu \beta \beta $$ ν β β of $$^{136}$$ 136 Xe with projected half-life sensitivity of $$1.35\times 10^{28}$$ 1.35 × 10 28 yr. To reach this sensitivity, the design goal for nEXO is $$\le $$ ≤ 1% energy resolution at the decay Q-value ( $$2458.07\pm 0.31$$ 2458.07 ± 0.31 keV). Reaching this resolution requires the efficient collection of both the ionization and scintillation produced in the detector. The nEXO design employs Silicon Photo-Multipliers (SiPMs) to detect the vacuum ultra-violet, 175 nm scintillation light of liquid xenon. This paper reports on the characterization of the newest vacuum ultra-violet sensitive Fondazione Bruno Kessler VUVHD3 SiPMs specifically designed for nEXO, as well as new measurements on new test samples of previously characterised Hamamatsu VUV4 Multi Pixel Photon Counters (MPPCs). Various SiPM and MPPC parameters, such as dark noise, gain, direct crosstalk, correlated avalanches and photon detection efficiency were measured as a function of the applied over voltage and wavelength at liquid xenon temperature (163 K). The results from this study are used to provide updated estimates of the achievable energy resolution at the decay Q-value for the nEXO design.

On July 8, 2022, former Japanese Prime Minister Abe Shinzō, who remained one of Japan’s most influential political leaders, was shot dead while participating in an election event. A month and a half before Abe's assassination, a round table was held on the legacy of Abe's cabinets with the participation of Russian Japanese studies scholars from several universities and research institutions in Russia and Japan. During the discussion, a comprehensive analysis of the foreign policy of Abe's cabinets and, above all, his diplomacy vis-à-vis Russia was given. Japan's military security policy underwent radical changes under Abe, with the concept of proactive pacifism being its ideological formalization. Among Abe's achievements in the domestic political sphere, the participants of the round table especially noted his ability to control the bureaucracy and use the slightest miscalculations of his political opponents, as well as skillful image-making and the use of slogans for propaganda purposes. It was stated that the policy of ‘Abenomics’, proclaimed by Abe, remains relevant today, although some of its intermediate goals have already been achieved. The set of measures carried out by Abe's cabinets and aimed at creating conditions for expanding women's participation in the economy, called ‘Womenomics’, was analyzed. In conclusion, the data of a survey of Japanese students focusing on the transformation of their views on the outcome of World War II under the influence of Abe's ideas are presented.

The article analyzes the possibilities for prospecting, evaluation, exploration and extraction of zinc and lead deposits in the Arctic. The reserves and resources of zinc and lead deposits and ore occurrences on the Novaya Zemlya archipelago, on Vaygach Island, in the Polar Urals and in the Northern Timan are cal-culated on the territory of the Russian Arctic. The predominant reserves are represented by the Pavlovskoye deposit, which is being prepared for development by JSC First Mining Company of the Rosatom State Corporation. In 2019, the design of a mining enterprise was initiated, no lead and zinc mining has been carried out within the Arctic zone. A promising object is the Saureyskoye deposit in the Polar Urals. The problem is the remoteness of the site from transport highways. It is necessary to plan the construction of a dirt road from the deposit to the railway. Cargo can then be sent to the ports of the Gulf of Ob or to the port of Indiga when it is put into operation. Lead and zinc deposits on the island of Vaygach and on the Arctic coast near Amderma were previously developed. It is necessary to reassess their reserves and to determine possible development options. The extracted ore will be transported through the port of Amderma. In the Northern Timan, reassessment of non-ferrous metal ores should be carried out in a complex (lead, zinc, molybdenum, copper, nickel). Ore mining may be appropriate in connection with the construction of the deep-water seaport of Indiga. The purpose of this article is to study the mining, geological and economic characteristics of lead-zinc ore deposits and the spatial organization of marine communications for the development of the mineral resource complex of the Arctic zone of Russia. Mining facilities in the Arctic have an important strategic importance for strengthening national security of the country.

The guidelines describe modern approaches to the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of thromboembolic complications in patients with injuries and after musculoskeletal surgery, in accordance with the interdisciplinary draft of the Clinical Guidelines (2022) Deep vein thrombosis of the extremities, which has passed public hearings and is being approved by the Russian Ministry of Health. The guidelines are designed for doctors of various specialties to provide medical care to specialized patients: orthopedic surgeons, anesthesiologists, resuscitators, clinical pharmacologists, health care organizers, medical students, residents, graduate students.

The article presents three clinical reviews of isolated hepatic perfusion using a heart-lung machine. The probability of postoperative complications was retrospectively assessed using risk stratification programs for adverse outcomes. The conclusion is made about the effectiveness of the presented software.

The use of an artificial circulation and endovascular technologies in the treatment of liver metastases of uveal melanoma is a highly relevant area. Uveal melanoma is a rare cancer from the uveal tract of the eye. The liver is the most common site of metastasis and is affected in 70-90% of cases, being the only site of metastasis in about 50% of cases. Survival ranges from two to three months. This literature review describes the following methods of treatment of liver metastases of uveal melanoma using a heart-lung machine: arterial (arterio-caval), portal (porto-caval), arterio-porto-caval, retrograde arterio-portal. Special attention is paid to the endovascular method of treatment.Literature sources were searched in the following electronic libraries: elibrary.ru, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov, researchgate.net.

Numerical modeling of primary cosmic ray protons’ transport through the Earth’s atmosphere was performed for the energy spectra of solar energetic particle events (SEPs). Several events in the last three solar cycles were considered. A comparative analysis of the characteristics of coronal mass ejections and primary proton fluxes was carried out. The main results were quantitative estimates of the calculated atmospheric ionization count rate for a wide range of altitudes (from sea level up to 98 km). The difference in the influence of solar protons on the Earth’s atmosphere is considered for seven SEPs divided into three groups with similar solar sources (X-flare magnitude and coordinates) but with different characteristics of accelerated particle fluxes. The data obtained in this work are very important for future studies of radio wave propagation, atmospheric chemistry and climate change.

Spontaneous sorption of proteins on the nanoparticles’ surface leads to the fact that nanoparticles in biological media are always enveloped by a layer of proteins—the protein corona. Corona proteins affect the properties of nanoparticles and their behavior in a biological environment. In this regard, knowledge about the composition of the corona is a necessary element for the development of nanomedicine. Because proteins have different sorption efficacy, isolating particles with a full corona and characterizing the full corona is challenging. In this study, we propose a photo-activated cross-linker for full protein corona fixation. We believe that the application of our proposed approach will make it possible to capture and visualize the full corona on nanoparticles coated with a lipid shell.

A rare case of herniation and incarceration of the gallbladder through the abdominal drain site in an 86-year-old woman with degenerative aortic valve disease, a severe aortic stenosis, and an aortic insufficiency grade 2 hospitalized for transcatheter aortic valve implantation is described. An incarcerated incisional hernia through the abdominal drain site was confirmed by contrast-enhanced multislice computed tomography (MSCT) scan of the abdomen. Given the short duration of incarceration and the absence of MSCT findings of the gallbladder wall necrosis, the patient was dynamically monitored. There were no indications for emergency surgery. The presented case recalls the possibility of the formation of incisional hernias containing the gallbladder through the abdominal drain site. Literature data indicate that the diagnostic errors when they are incarcerated can lead to fatal consequences.

The problem of space exploration is a priority in the development of any large state, because it solves the problems of future technological progress. Obviously, such development is not possible without a stable energy source directly in outer space. Materials of this work are devoted to a conceptual study of the possibility of building a stationary nuclear power plant (NPP) on the Moon. A review of open sources of information on the availability of already existing or under development nuclear power plants capable of operating in the “Lunar environment,” as well as meeting the requirements of safe operation and future utilization, selected specific models of heavy and superheavy-class carrier rockets (existing and conceptual) with the ability to transport payloads of 10 tons or more to the Moon. Based on the analysis of data on reactor plants and information on operating and construction conditions on the Moon, a conceptual solution of “reusable” enclosing structure of stationary NPP on the Moon, which serves as protection from falling space bodies, radiation and solar radiation, is formed. The main principal concepts of the stages of construction, operation and utilization of a stationary NPP on the Moon are presented. The problems of creation, development and utilization of stationary sources of nuclear energy in the absence of atmosphere (space), existing at the moment and requiring investigation during the nearest decade, are shown.

Abstract Despite the progress made in the treatment of nephrolithiasis, the existing methods of renal calculi destruction are not ideal and have both advantages and disadvantages. Considering the process of high-frequency glow discharge formation on the surface of an electrode and in an electrolyte solution, we obtained the results on the destruction of renal calculi in vitro. It was shown that the destruction of kidney stones by glow discharge plasma was caused by several processes—the plasma induced effect of hydrated electrons and shock wave effect of the electrolyte stimulated by electrical breakdowns in the plasma. The plasma generation modes were configured by estimating the thickness of the vapor–gas layer in which the plasma burns. Thus, the average rate of contact destruction of renal calculi was measured depending on the plasma generator input power and time of plasma exposure. We conclude that the method of stone fragmentation by high-frequency electrolyte plasma is rather perspective and can be used in endoscopic urology for percutaneous and transurethral lithotripsy.

The article considers the main priorities for the development of the Arab Republic of Egypt in the context of the implementation of the Strategy-2030 and the challenges of project implementation of large-scale international initiatives in Afro-Eurasia. The focus of the study is aimed at identifying the potential of the socio-economic aspect of the strategic partnership between Egypt and Russia in accordance with the needs of sustainable national development in the 21st century. The tasks of forming a new architecture of economic cooperation in the context of the deployment of development and security projects determines the relevance and scientific novelty of the issues underlying this work.

To ensure a rapid increase in the level of competences of the population and its compliance with the tasks of sustainable development in the 21st century, the article proposes foundations for the project aiming at the development and testing of technologies for the formation of an integrated intellectualization system. The focus of this research is aimed at identifying, analyzing, and evaluating the effectiveness of intellectualization technologies implemented by universities. The relevance and scientific novelty of the issues underlying this work are due to the growing need for the rapid intellectualization of society in the context of the deployment of integration projects and projects of development as well as security insurance in Eurasia.

The Olympic and Paralympic Games in Tokyo in July–September 2021 took place in a challenging social environment that seriously affected the public perception of events. When preparing for the Olympics in 2013–2019, the Japanese people actively supported the Games, which was confirmed by the results of numerous sociological studies. In March 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic began, followed by several waves of infection. The competition was postponed for a year. Vaccination in Japan was delayed compared to most G7 countries. Against this background, in the summer of 2021, the most dangerous Delta strain of coronavirus began to spread in the country, bringing the rise in mortality rates, and the overflowing of hospitals in large cities. In such a difficult epidemiological and social situation, surveys recorded a negative attitude towards the Olympics. However, during the competition, the majority opinion once again turned positive, mainly due to the athletic successes of the Japanese team and effective anti-virus control measures. The absence of spectators in the venues, most probably, did not affect the sporting achievements significantly. At least, Japanese Olympic team won a record number of medals. Infection prevention measures proved effective in limiting the transmission of the virus among the athletes and the Japanese service personnel. The economic and symbolic achievements of the Games did not meet expectations, as, during the Olympics, it was not possible to properly address its significance as the end point of the low-growth “lost decades”, evidence of economic recovery after the triple disaster of 2011, and as a tool to increase Japan’s tourist attractiveness. Therefore, during a pandemic, major sports events should be held primarily to train top-class athletes and to increase populace satisfaction with the success of the national team rather than to obtain direct economic benefits or improve the host country’s image.

Relevance. The relevance of the topic comes from its various aspects and manifestations of behavior aimed at helping other people and society, including using the digital environment. The article discusses the technology of students’ project activities for the creation of prosocial media. The experience of prosocial design on the platform of the University 20.35 is presented. The purpose of the study. Based on the study of the attitude of young people to media resources promoting assistance to other people and society, to develop and implement educational intensive technology to create by students prosocial media. Methods and methodology. The methodological basis of the study was the approaches of media education. Methods: data selection and systematization, document analysis, Internet media monitoring, quantitative analysis of publications in youth Internet media, design. Empirical data are comprehended and processed using content analysis, quantitative analysis methods (descriptive statistics, percentage analysis. The calculations were made on the basis of the SPPS 22 statistical software package. Results. The preferences of young people in the choice of forms of presentation of prosocial topics in the media space are revealed, their reactions to prosocial posts, blogs, videos, publications are studied, the structure of the projected prosocial media environment is determined. An educational intensive technology has been implemented to create a test prototype for the prosocial media “Let’s make the world a better place!”. Conclusion. Based on the results of the study of the attitude of young people to prosocial media, a technology for teaching the design of prosocial media was developed and implemented, which allowed students to form attitudes to prosocial activity. The scope of the results. The results of the study should be taken into account when developing programs and projects aimed at ensuring the digital socialization of young people.

The work describes and analyzes the monograph of L.P. Naydenova “The Life of a Russian Man of the 16th-17th Centuries (Faith, Family, Everyday Affairs)”. It was published in 2020. In it, the author considers issues of the inner world of a person, his relationship with loved ones, and his place in the family. Many of the topics have been understudied. In addition, they are difficult to study, since they are associated with family relationships, and with the closed, personal life. The review was written in order to acquaint readers with the research of the author of the monograph, with the identification of peculiarities of the urban lifestyle, which are inherent in the large cities of the Russian state at the turn of the Middle Ages and early Modernity. This knowledge makes it possible to consider the question of criteria of the characteristics of the city during the Middle Ages and late Modernity. This book may be of interest to specialists in the history of the Middle Ages, medieval family and society. It will be useful to urbanists, sociologists, researchers involved in studying everyday life and mentality. The book will be useful to everyone who is interested in the worldview and everyday history of the Russian medieval city and medieval society.

A method for stimulating the growth of spruce and strawberry in the early phases of development is proposed. A technology for obtaining plasma-activated water (PAW) with the help of a glow discharge plasma generator was developed. The method is proposed for increasing the shelf life of PAW by adding an aqueous colloid of polyvinylpyrralidone (PVP) polymer. It is shown that after treatment with a PAW + PVP mixture, the seeds have a higher percentage of germination, the plants develop faster in the early stages, and they are more viable. At the physicochemical level, after seed treatment with PAW + PVP, higher rates of metabolite outflow from seeds are observed. At the biological level, seed treatment with PAW + PVP leads to a slight decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes and a higher content of chlorophylls in the leaves, and a slightly higher assimilation rate is observed. In the leaves, there is higher content of the growth hormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), whereas the content of the growth-inhibiting hormone abscisic acid decreases. The use of a stimulating drug based on the composition of an aqueous solution activated by plasma and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PAW + PVP) polymer can be an effective means of a single pre-sowing treatment of spruce seeds in solving the problem of reforestation and strawberry during plant propagation.

This literature review covers the publications of Russian vascular surgeons in recent years and deals with debatable issues of carotid surgery, including: 1. What is the best technique for carotid endarterectomy (CEA)? 2. Why does restenosis of the internal carotid artery (ICA) develop and how to eliminate it? 3. How to operate on bilateral ICA stenosis? 4. Should carotid glomus be preserved? 5. Is CEA safe in the acute phase of cerebrovascular accident (CVA)? 6. Is CEA safe in elderly patients? 7. How to operate on patients with combined internal carotid and coronary artery involvement? The evidence presented in this publication makes it possible to draw the following conclusions: 1. When choosing a CEA technique, the classical technique with patch angioplasty should be avoided due to the high risk of ICA restenosis. 2. To eliminate ICA restenosis, carotid angioplasty with stenting (CAS) should be used. When performing primary CEA with ICA transposition over the hypoglossal nerve, reCEA can be used 3. In the absence of contraindications, bilateral ICA stenosis can be operated at the same time using CEA. 4. CEA with carotid glomus preservation is the operation of choice in the treatment of patients with hemodynamically significant ICA stenosis due to the elimination of the risks of postoperative hypertension and the formation of hemorrhagic transformation. 5. If there are indications for cerebral revascularization in the most acute period of stroke, CEA should be abandoned in favor of CAS. 6. In old age, CAS is the safest treatment strategy. 7. In the presence of a combined ICA and coronary involvement, the choice of treatment tactics should be carried out only by a multidisciplinary commission, taking into account the risk stratification of adverse cardiovascular events.

The 32nd Olympic and Paralympic Games, held in Tokyo in July-September 2021, had several important features, one being the events taking place amid the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic. It is not surprising that the Games were postponed for a year, the main events held without spectators, and the number of foreign visitors, officials, and support staff severely limited. Nevertheless, the results of the sporting events were highly commendable. One should take note of the long list of participants from many countries, the variety of competitive events, and the number of world and Olympic records made. In addition, Japan recorded its best Olympic performance so far in terms of medals won. Measures to control the spread of infection also proved to be highly effective. Only a handful of cases were reported in the Olympic Village, and lack of transmission of the virus from the athletes to the volunteers and service personnel is proof of the effectiveness of the measures taken. It is not surprising that the Games' public perception in Japan gradually transitioned from negative to positive. The Games' economic benefits, however, need further assessment, as additional outlays for the implementation of antiinfection measures, ticket revenue loss, and some extra costs will likely mean lower economic benefits. Perhaps the most difficult task though is assessing what the Games symbolized. Tokyo's bid to host these Games was viewed as an effort to move on from the prolonged “lost decades,” a sign of recovery after the triple disaster of March 11, 2011, a way to showcase Japan's technological prowess, and a tool to improve the country's tourist destination image, among other things. Unfortunately, these aspects were poorly addressed during the Games, that is, the results of efforts made fell short of expectations. Nonetheless, in spite of some initial skepticism, the final international assessments as well as public opinion in Japan turned out to be overwhelmingly positive. This indicates that the decision to hold the Games was correct, and the sporting extravaganza made a significant contribution to the Olympic movement.

The article attempts to identify the circumstances of the parochial conflict of the princes A.B. Trubetskoy and P.M. Shchenyatev in the Polotsk voivodeship in the spring of 1564, as well as the reasons for the final transition of the Trubetskoy princes to the sovereign service with the help of comparative and histotical method, analysis and synthesis, literature and sources on the investigated topic. As a result of the study, it was found that up to the 1560-ies the Trubetskoys occupied military and administrative posts sporadically and were not firmly embedded in the system of service relations of the Moscow state. Adopted in the early 1560s. the new land legislation jeopardized the further existence of the Trubetskoy estate and forced them to intensify their official activities. The conflict in Polotsk was the first attempt by the Trubetskoys to find out their real parochial status. Prince A.B. Trubetskoy was guided by the old ideas about the exclusive role of service princes, characteristic of the first third of the 16th century. He entered into a parochial dispute with an obviously superior enemy and did not emerge victorious from it. The author concluded that, faced with the new realities of the sovereign service, the Trubetskoys, who, due to their official passivity, were inferior to many less noble families in a parochial relation, sacrificed their relative independence and went over to the tsarist service. During the years of the oprichnina, they actively served in the oprichnina estate of Tsar Ivan the Terrible, won his favor and were able to raise their parochial status.

In the second half of the 18th century large-scale transformations known in historical science as Catherine II's provincial reform took place in Russia. As a result, an extensive network of arms of government in which regional authorities worked headed by governors appeared. Beside that in regions there were created numerous administrative units tasked at local management including fire engineering services, educational institutions, relief aid committees, hospitals, theaters, libraries, etc. In this publication the reform of local management of the second half of the 18th century is not shown briefly as a general process on materials of all huge Russian Empire. On the opposite the author explores here the materials of a single historical region. Special attention is paid to the preparation and the very process of the transformations. At the same time the main objectives of the reform resulted in the creating new administrative, police, social structures are exposed to the analysis. The impact on the result of reforms by personal and professional qualiies of its chief performers - the empress's deputies in regions is assessed in the article. As the research demonstrates, the personal factor at a stage of implementation of the program of transformations was significant. The research is performed on the extensive archive material. The majority of sources is introduced for scientific use for the first time. A territorial framework covers the central provinces of Russia: Kaluga, Vladimir, Moscow and Yaroslavl since they carry out a role of a basis of one of the main regions of the country, its historical kernel.

The large-scale provincial reform undertaken in Catherine II's government led to emergence of new administrative-territorial formations which became the base of the country. In the analysis of its results steadily point out artificiality and the "arithmetic" principle in allocation of new formations and the cities administrative centers. At the same time the process of preparation and carrying out the reform within which local conditions and features expressed themselves and which substantially predetermined these results were shown is steadily missed. Besides along with mechanical division of former "big" provinces into new "small" the creation of the administrative centers to which functions of management were assigned was conducted, and for this purpose necessary infrastructure was created in the cities. These problems were for the first time solved in practice in so large scale. Obligations for realization of reform in life were assigned to local top managers - deputies (governor generals) and governors. The presented work is devoted to process of preparation and carrying out administrative reform in the Yaroslavl province, process of preparation and implementation of reform at all its stages is sorted and analysed. The research is executed on the extensive archive material. The majority of sources is for the first time introduced for scientific use.

The present work analyzes the 1H NOESY MAS NMR spectra of three fenamates (mefenamic, tolfenamic, and flufenamic acids) localized in the lipid–water interface of phosphatidyloleoylphosphatidylcholine (POPC) membranes. The observed cross-peaks in the two-dimensional NMR spectra characterized intramolecular proximities between the hydrogen atoms of the fenamates as well as intermolecular interactions between the fenamates and POPC molecules. The peak amplitude normalization for an improved cross-relaxation (PANIC) approach, the isolated spin-pair approximation (ISPA) model, and the two-position exchange model were used to calculate the interproton distances indicative of specific conformations of the fenamates. The results showed that the proportions of the A+C and B+D conformer groups of mefenamic and tolfenamic acids in the presence of POPC were comparable within the experimental error and amounted to 47.8%/52.2% and 47.7%/52.3%, respectively. In contrast, these proportions for the flufenamic acid conformers differed and amounted to 56.6%/43.4%. This allowed us to conclude that when they bind to the POPC model lipid membrane, fenamate molecules change their conformational equilibria.

The objective: to compare the effectiveness of visceral and renal protection methods during thoracoabdominal aortic (TAA) repair: left atrial-femoral bypass (LAFB) and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in conjunction with selective perfusion (SP) of these organs.Subjects: 81 patients who underwent TAA repair were enrolled in retrospective analysis: LAFB was used in 29 patients (Group 1), CPB and SP ‒ in 52 patients (Group 2).Results. In Group 2, there were lower intraoperative blood loss volume (1,500 ml vs 4,200 ml, p < 0.001), significantly lower levels of direct bilirubin, blood creatinine, blood alpha-amylase in postoperative period, significantly shorter duration of hospital stay, ICU stay and duration of mechanical ventilation. Also in this group, there were lower incidence of multiple organ dysfunction (11.5% vs 37.9%, p = 0.005), stroke (0 vs 10.3%, p = 0.043), lower need for requirement (3.8% vs 20.7%, p = 0.022) and mortality (3.8% vs 27.6%, p = 0.003).Conclusion: During TAA repair, CPB in conjunction with selective visceral and renal perfusion is more beneficial for organ protection as compared with LAFB.

Introduction. This article reveals the research results of physical and chemical properties of the new filtering material, evaluation of its hydrophilic and oleophobic features as well as the efficiency of oil-in-water emulsions separation in laboratory conditions and in production. Methods and materials. As the base for creation of new filtering material a natural mixture of minerals with good prevalence of silicon earth also including some small amounts of fissile hydrous silicates (mica, clay) was chosen, which provide the durability of granulated end product at reservation of porosity and hydrophilic properties of the material surface. The research used spherical shape granules of various particle size obtained by drying, granulation and firing. Prior to filtration the granules are being impregnated with water aiming to obtain a water shell around each granule, which provides granules protection from oil and petrol products contamination as well as an easy filter cleaning by backwashing in fluidization mode. For the lab testing of oil-in-water emulsions separation parameters a test rig was built. In process a set of various tool methods of physical and chemical research was used. Results. The chemical and mineral composition of the developed filtering material and the results of its X-ray-structural analysis, photomicrography of ground substrate obtained with SEM are given as well as the porous structure data (pores size distribution and aggregate pores of granules material) obtained by the method of low-temperature nitrogen adsorption. The results of laboratory and pilot testing of separating and accumulating ability of the filtering material are presented. Interpretation. The obtained data prove the fact that the developed material possesses over the prominent hydrophilic properties, while after water shell creation also over the oleophobic properties. Upon exploration of the two liquid immiscible phases separation during the filtering through the granules obtained, a significant efficiency growth of the filter after attaining the special amount of oil and petrol products retained by the filter was detected. The efficiency increase of the filter is connected with formation of a prolonged structure, which was named by the authors a “fluid net”, created by the oil and petrol products entrapped. The strings of that “fluid net” being formed in the gaps between the granules are decreasing the sizes of the passages which lets the entrapping efficiency of finer oil and petrol products droplets grow. Conclusion. The obtained nano-porous granules of the filtering material exhibit super-hydrophilic properties and based on the water shell created around them provide the following: protection of granules from contamination with oil and petrol products contained in water to be purified; effective and not decreasing over the course of time filter regeneration by means of backwashing in fluidization mode; quality of water purification from oil and petrol products at the level of the most expensive purification methods. Prospective fields of applications. The “OreFilter” technology developed has passed the pilot scale validation on the basis of more than fifty industrial objects of different industrial branches (mainly on those connected with oil production and oil refining) in Russia and abroad. The technology is now being tested on industrial objects in the Near East, Canada, US, Brazil and Australia. The industrial filtering units using “OreFilter” technology are already in operation on Russian enterprises as well as in Sweden and Germany. The experimental-industrial tests have proved the application efficiency of the technology developed: in food industry; at the detergents and soaps manufacturing plants; at mining and processing plants; at purification of ballast and bilge water at ports; at purification of polluted water after oil tankers washing; in fish farming; in seaquariums and dolphinariums

An atmospheric correction algorithm is proposed for the reconstruction of the ground surface reflectance from the data of satellite measurements. A distinctive feature of the algorithm is that it takes into account the influence of the ground surface inhomogeneity on the adjacency effect and additional illumination of the ground surface by reflected radiation. These factors are important for the reconstruction of the reflectance of ground surface fragments with sharp reflectance changes and high atmospheric turbidity. The algorithm is based on Monte Carlo programs developed by the authors. To reduce the computing time, we have proposed some original criteria and approaches. To estimate the capabilities of the developed algorithm, its results have been validated by comparing with the results of the MOD09 algorithm for four MODIS bands and measurements for the Portugal surface fragment with coordinates 38.829 N, 8.791 W. Good agreement of the results obtained by the proposed algorithm with the surface measurements and the data obtained by the MOD09 algorithm demonstrates the efficiency of the proposed algorithm in the reconstruction of the ground surface reflectance.

Specialists of the Sergo Ordzhonikidze Russian State University for Geological Prospecting (MGRI), which had been training gemologists for many years, conducted an interesting and substantial study devoted to a non-traditional use of cassiterite, a mineral known to man for millennia. The monograph2 under review discusses various aspects of the use of cassiterite, as well as its accompanying minerals, for producing jewelry, collection and ornamental materials. Given the increasing popularity of natural minerals in recent decades, there is a growth of interest among collectors and manufacturers in non-traditional semi-precious stone raw materials and their use in the jewelry industry. The world trade in this area is significant and continues to demonstrate an increasing trend. In this regard, the work of D.A. Petrochenkov devoted to jewelry and ornamental cassiterites seems to be highly relevant. For the first time in world practice, the monograph comprehensively covers questions concerning cassiterite and its application, thus contributing to popularization of cassiterite jewelry and craftsmanship and laying the foundation for a new direction in the semi-precious stone industry. The author of the monograph critically reviewed the results of previous studies on the mineral and chemical composition of cassiterite and added an extensive set of his own analytical methods. The gemological and technological characteristics of cassiterite minerals were given, along with recommendations on their rational search, use and quality improvement. In term of ecological parameters, it was shown that the content of carcinogenic and radioactive elements in jewelry cassiterites does not exceed the background values. The market conditions were described, and recommendations on the organization of mining and geological work in this sphere were presented.

The article deals with the selection of sites for the construction of nuclear installations, radioactive waste disposal sites and other facilities for the use of nuclear energy. The review of modern approaches to the selection of sites for placement of near-surface radioactive waste disposal points shows that the system research in this area is not fully presented, and is mainly aimed at solving problems of an engineering-geological nature for the location area, as well as the choice of materials for engineering protection barriers. In this paper, using the example of radioactive waste disposal sites, we review the requirements set by the regulatory documents of the Russian Federation and the International Atomic Energy Agency in the field of site selection. The authors proposed additions to the methodology for selecting sites for the construction of low-and medium-level waste disposal sites based on the system and GIS analysis of the ALARA principles, as well as the method of weighted evaluation of criteria and their pairwise comparisons. The multi-criteria nature of the site selection problem is proposed to be described by GIS analysis of data with drawing the corresponding limiting and preferred requirements directly on the map of the area, which is shown in the article by the example of selecting sites for radioactive waste disposal points. Taking into account the necessary requirements at various stages of the life cycle, as well as their significance, can be assessed by weighted estimates and pairwise comparisons, followed by their introduction into the GIS analysis. This approach allows to choose rational options for placing potential sites, taking into account the life cycle of the object, in a rational way, with compliance with all necessary regulatory requirements.

At present, there are no studies on the analysis of the incidence of complications in patients with concomitant lesions of the coronary and internal carotid arteries (ICA) after combined operation of carotid endarterectomy (CE) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) against the background of type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, there is no doubt that this condition can be a predictor of cardiovascular and wound complications during in-hospital and long-term postoperative periods.Aim. To study in-hospital and long-term outcomes of combined CABG+CE in patients with and without type 2 diabetes.Material and methods. This multicenter retrospective study for the period from January 2015 to December 2019 included 653 patients with concomitant atherosclerotic lesions of ICA and coronary arteries, who underwent combined CE+CABG. Depending on presence of type 2 diabetes, 2 groups were formed: group 1 (n=183) — patients with type 2 diabetes; group 2 (n=471) — patients without type 2 diabetes. The duration of postoperative follow-up was 37,8±14,9 months.Results. During hospitalization, significant differences in the incidence of death (group 1 =1,1%; group 2 =1,0%; p=0,97), myocardial infarction (MI) (group 1 =1,1%; group 2 =0,8%; p=0,76), bleeding events (group 1 =1,1%; group 2 =0,8%; p=0,76) were not detected. However, stroke (group 1 =3,8%; group 2 =0,4%; p=0,0008), sternal wound infection and mediastinitis (group 1 =3,3%; group 2 =0,2%; p=0,0006) were significantly more often developed in patients with type 2 diabetes.In the long-term follow-up period, death (group 1 =6,6%; group 2 =1,1%; p

Relevance. An increase in the number of revisions is an inevitable consequence of the growth of primary arthroplasty number. The imperfection of implants and the lag in patient’s seeking medical help significantly increase the number of complex revisions. Extensive bone defects after removal of an unstable implant urge us to think about the better methods of these defects compensation and implants fixation. The purpose — was to assess the modern telemedicine opportunities for improving the preoperative planning of the complex revision arthroplasties. Materials and Methods. The study comprised 13 patients undergone revisions for implant instability in a regional orthopedic department using telemedicine differed advices including 11 hip and 2 knee arthroplasties. All patients had extensive bone defects. Results. In 12 cases, the surgeries were performed according to the recommendations from the expers of the Vreden National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation. In one case, an individual system had been proposed as the main choice, but the preoperative plan was changed in favor of standard revision components. The short-term results of the surgeries were assessed as satisfactory. Conclusion. The use of modern information technologies for preoperative planning makes it possible to more accurately determine the indications for choosing implants. In particularly difficult cases, it becomes necessary to use individual implants. The right final choice depends on high-quality preoperative planning and effective interaction among medical hospitals of various levels.

Aim. To analyze the immediate and long-term outcomes of eversion and conventional carotid endarterectomy (CE) with patch angioplasty.Material and methods. For the period from February 1, 2006 to September 1, 2021, the present retrospective multicenter open comparative study included 25106 patients who underwent CE. Depending on the technique of operation, the following groups were formed: group 1 (n=18362) — eversion CE; group 2 (n=6744) — conventional CE with patch angioplasty. The long-term follow-up period was 124,7±53,8 months.Results. In the hospital postoperative period, the groups were comparable in incidence of all complications: lethal outcome (group 1: 0,19%, n=36; group 2: 0,17%, n=12; p=0,89; odds ratio (OR) =1,1; 95% confidence interval (CI) =0,57- 2,11); myocardial infarction (MI) (group 1: 0,15%, n=28; group 2: 0,13%, n=9; p=0,87; OR=1,14; 95% CI=0,53-2,42); stroke (group 1: 0,33%, n=62; group 2: 0,4%, n=27; p=0,53; OR=0,84; 95% CI=0,53-1,32); bleeding with hematoma formation (group 1: 0,39%, n=73; group 2: 0,41%, n=28; p=0,93; OR=0,95; 95% CI=0,61-1,48); internal carotid artery (ICA) thrombosis (group 1: 0,05%, n=11; group 2: 0,07%, n=5, p=0,9; OR=0,8; 95% CI=0,28-2,32). In the long-term follow-up, the groups were comparable only in MI incidence: group 1: 0,56%, n=103; group 2: 0,66%, n=45; p=0,37; OR=0,84; 95% CI=0,59-1,19. All other complications were more frequent after conventional CE with patch angioplasty: all-cause death (group 1: 2,7%, n=492; group 2: 9,1%, n=616; p60%, requiring re-revascularization (group 1: 1,6%, n=296; group 2: 12,6%, n=851; p

The search for new forms of already known drug compounds is an urgent problem of high relevance as more potent drugs with fewer side effects are needed. The trifluoromethyl group in flufenamic acid renders its chemical structure differently from other fenamates. This modification is responsible for a large number of conformational polymorphs. Therefore, flufenamic acid is a promising structural modification of well-known drug molecules. An effective approach in this field is micronization, employing “green” supercritical fluid technologies. This research raises some key questions to be answered on how to control polymorphic forms during the micronization of drug compounds. The results presented in this work demonstrate the ability of two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy to determine conformational preferences of small molecular weight drug compounds in solutions and fluids, which can be used to predict the polymorphic form during the micronization. Quantitative analysis was carried out to identify the conformational preferences of flufenamic acid molecules in dimethyl sulfoxide-d6 medium at 25 °C and 0.1 MPa, and in mixed solvent medium containing supercritical carbon dioxide at 45 °C and 9 MPa. The data presented allows predictions of the flufenamic acid conformational preferences of poorly soluble drug compounds to obtain new micronized forms.

Understanding of the nucleation process’s fundamental principles in saturated solutions is an urgent task. To do this task, it is necessary to control the formation of polymorphic forms of biologically active compounds. In certain cases, a compound can exist in a single polymorphic form, but have several solvates which can appear in different crystal forms, depending on the medium and conditions of formation, and show different pharmaceutical activity. In the present paper, we report on the analysis of Arbidol conformational preferences in two solvents of different polarities—deuterated chloroform and dimethyl sulfoxide—at 25 °C, using the 2D NOESY method. The Arbidol molecule has various solvate forms depending on the molecular conformation. The method based on the nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy was shown to be efficient in the analysis of complex heterocyclic compounds possessing conformation-dependent pseudo-polymorphism. It is one of the types of polymorphism observed in compounds forming crystal solvates. Combined use of NMR methods and X-ray data allowed determining of conformer populations of Arbidol in CDCl3 and DMSO-d6 which were found to be 8/92% and 37/63%, respectively. The preferred conformation in solution is the same that appears in stable crystal solvates of Arbidol.

The cloud adjacency effect on surface reflectance retrievals for the region of the Russian Federation with coordinates 51–54∘ N, 103–109∘ E including the southern part of Lake Baikal for the period of 1–23 July 2021 is assessed in this paper. The method is based on the computer program for statistical simulation of radiative transfer in the atmosphere with the stochastic cloud field including a deterministic gap of a given radius. The results of this program are then used in the interpolation formula. Masks of cloudless pixels, for which the cloud adjacency effect (CAE) changes the ground surface reflectance by more than 0.005, are constructed. The analysis of the resulting CAE radii shows that the average radius is 13.7 km for MODIS band 8, 11.2 km for band 3, 8.4 km for band 4, 7.2 km for band 1, and 7 km for band 2. For the considered MODIS images and bands, the pixels with strong CAE make up from 2.8 to 100% of the total number of cloudless pixels. The correlation coefficients between the initial data and the CAE radius suggest that the cloud optical depth, cloud cover index, and ground surface reflectance exert the major influence on the considered images. A simplified approximation equation for the CAE radius as a function of the cloud optical depth, cloud cover index, and surface reflectance is derived. The analysis of the approximation shows that for the considered images, the CAE radius decreases nearly linearly with wavelength for low reflective surfaces. However, for high reflective surfaces, its wavelength dependence is nonlinear.

The study of supercritical carbon dioxide sorption processes is an important and urgent task in the field of “green” chemistry and for the selection of conditions for new polymer material formation. However, at the moment, the research of these processes is very limited, and it is necessary to select the methodology for each polymer material separately. In this paper, the principal possibility to study the powder sorption processes using 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, relaxation-relaxation correlation spectroscopy and molecular dynamic modeling methods will be demonstrated based on the example of polymethylmethacrylate and supercritical carbon dioxide. It was found that in the first nanoseconds and seconds during the sorption process, most of the carbon dioxide, about 75%, is sorbed into polymethylmethacrylate, while on the clock scale the remaining 25% is sorbed. The methodology presented in this paper makes it possible to select optimal conditions for technological processes associated with the production of new polymer materials based on supercritical fluids.

Mefenamic acid has been used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug for a long time. However, its practical use is quite limited due to a number of side effects on the intestinal organs. Conformational polymorphism provides mefenamic acid with unique properties regarding possible modifications obtained during the micronization process, which can improve pharmacokinetics and minimize side effects. Micronization can be performed by decompression of supercritical fluids; methods such as rapid expansion of the supercritical solution have proven their efficiency. However, this group of methods is poorly applicable for compounds with low solubility, and the modification of the method using a pharmaceutically suitable co-solvent may be useful. In our case, addition of only 2 mol% dimethyl sulfoxide increased the solubility remarkably. Information on the conformational state may be critically important for carrying out micronization. In this work, structural analysis and estimate of conformational preferences of mefenamic acid in dimethyl sulfoxide-d6 (at 25 °C and 0.1 MPa) and in a mixed solvent supercritical carbon dioxide + dimethyl sulfoxide-d6 (45 °C, 9 MPa) were performed based on nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy. Results show changes in the conformation fractions depending on the medium used. The importance of allowing for hidden conformers in estimating the conformational state was demonstrated in the analysis. Obtained results may be useful for improving micronization parameters.

Aim. To establish connection between the functions of 30-year survival rate and concentration of cholesterol high density lipoproteins (C-HDL) in men aged 40-59 years with a past history of a myocardial infarction (MI) and relying on the obtained data to determine the optimal level of C-HDL for the specified cohort.Material and methods. The study includes 141 patients who have had MI more than 6 months ago and observed in clinics of Metallurgical district of the city of Chelyabinsk within the third group of dispensary register. Specified MI cases refer to types 1, 2 of the Third universal definition of MI. The initial stage of study of the target group of men who have a past history of MI lasted from 03.06.1974 to 24.11.1975. Observation points were 0 and 30 years. The endpoint was death. Information about the dead established during the annual monitoring of the status of life. During the observation period 130 persons/92,2% died. Evaluation of survival was carried out according to the method of Kaplan-Meier, based on which a Cox regression model was built with the inclusion of successively higher minimum level of C-HDL, so that survival curves were significantly different. 95% confidence intervals were determined. The confidence bands of survival functions were built on the basis of on non-parametric Kolmogorov-Smirnov test.Results. The analysis of the function of 30-year survival in men aged 40-59 with past history of MI, depending on the level of HDL-C showed: the presence of statistically significant relationships between survival and levels of HDL-C. Optimal concentrations of HDL cholesterol for survival were the values of HDL-C ≥2,0 mmol/l. Statistically significant periods of survival differences are shown on survival curves at different levels of HDL-C. The possibility of prediction of survival of each patient to a certain time depending on the level HDL-C is determined. Initial levels of HDL-C determine the beginning, duration, end of periods of statistically significant survival differences on survival curves.Conclusion. The analysis of 30-year monitoring of the life status of cohort of men aged 40-59 with past history of MI showed a statistically significant dependence of survival on the initial level of HDL-C. The initial concentration of HDL-C are optimal for survival of indicated cohorts of men. HDL-C levels of 2,0-2,9 mmol/l can serve as a therapeutic target for men aged 40-59 with a past history of MI. The functions of 30-year survival in the cohort of middle-aged men who underwent MI, allow to determine the probability of survival of patients with this level of HDL-C to certain time.