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Abstract Background Stroke is a major cause of illness, death, and long-term disability and a major health concern worldwide. Experts consider insulin resistance (IR), a defining feature of the metabolic syndrome and a significant risk factor for stroke. Insulin resistance, or IR, is common among stroke patients. The triglyceride-glucose (TYG) index's relevance to both lipotoxicity and glucotoxicity has led to its proposal as an alternative indicator of IR. Aim Examining the connection between elevated TYG INDEX scores and worse clinical outcomes in ischemic stroke patients is the main goal. Finding out how often bad outcomes (recurrence and all-cause death) are in ischemic stroke patients is the secondary goal. Method This was a retrospective observational study that involved patients admitted to the 850-bed Dr. Pinnamaneni Siddhartha Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Foundation, a tertiary care teaching hospital located in the Krishna district of Andhra Pradesh (India). The study was conducted over a period of six months. All the 95 patients who satisfied the eligibility criteria were included. The patients’ TYG INDEX values were first determined and patients with ischemic stroke who had elevated TYG INDEX values were then compared for clinical outcomes including recurrence and all-cause death with ischemic patients with normal TYG INDEX. Results In this study, the total cholesterol of the patients (mean ± SD) was 165.01 ± 51.5 mg/dL; Triglycerides was 157.031 ± 98.9 mg/dL; HDL-c was 37.253 ± 5.52 mg/dl; LDL-c was 107 ± 48.3 mg/Dl; and FBS was 153.74 ± 71.52 mg/dL. The chi-square test showed that only FBS, Triglyceride, and Total cholesterol were significantly associated with TYG INDEX whereas other variables like age, LDL, and HDL were not. There was no significant association between the TYG INDEX and clinical outcomes of ischemic stroke. In both groups of patients, risk and no risk TYG INDEX values, the mRS score showed variable and unpredictable relationship with the TYG INDEX. Conclusion Contrary to the few studies that discovered one, our research leads us to the conclusion that there may not be a relevant association between the TYG INDEX and clinical results in patients with ischemic stroke. Graphical Abstract

The paper describes the creation, analysis and validation of a multilingual Dementia Speech dataset for Indic languages. Three popular Indian languages viz. Telugu, Tamil and Hindi are considered for the pilot study. Dementia and associated Alzheimers disease affect a large section of Asian population. Though there are promising studies in dementia detection focussed on Western ethnicity, the absence of a clinical dementia dataset for Indian languages forms the primary motivation for this study. This pilot study aims to overcome the challenges associated with data collection and validation in a clinical setting and deal with situations wherein clinical data is not readily available. The Indic dementia dataset is an enacted non-clinical dataset created from the manual translations of the benchmark clinical English DementiaBank dataset. The dataset created is validated using features extracted from the benchmark. The feature evaluation revealed a similarity of 92.6% for silences, 92% for mean pitch (Hz), 84.7% for jitter and 90.3% for shimmer. Subjective evaluation was also conducted based on clarity and similarity of utterances with DementiaBank data. An average MOS of 3.9 for clarity of speech and 3.76 for similarity with respect to DementiaBank was obtained across all three languages. A baseline classification using state-of-art deep network architecture gave a maximum of 78% accuracy in dementia detection using the Indic dementia dataset. The pilot experimentation in this work gives promising insights into the development of a multilingual dataset for analysis of clinical speech patterns in early dementia in the Indian population.

The increasing anthropogenic and technogenic activities to compensate the raising population and unending demands of humans ended in severe pollution and detrimental damage to the environment. This environmental pollution due to lethal pollutants, toxic heavy metals and organic wastes has been drastically affecting the ecosystem of the living organisms. These are forced to enter into the food chain as they tend to accumulate in the agricultural soils. In order to eliminate these pollutants from the soils the bioremediation will be an efficient tool and this can be achieved by plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and by green wastes. In this study the plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and green wastes are evaluated for their effectiveness in bioremediating the toxic contaminants. Green wastes are rich sources of naturally occurring polyphenols which are potential eliminating agents of these pollutants, they can perform metal chelation, reduction, antibiotic properties, adsorption, complexation and by supplying the nutrients. However, PGPRs are well known plant life saviors from various biotic and abiotic stresses; they are also the bioremediating agents as they perform heavy metal elimination by various methods. In this study, it is also depicted that the combined application of PGPR and green wastes result in the significant method to bioremediate the contaminated sites. The bioremediation by PGPRs and green wastes is the prominent effective way to terminate the pollutants compared to phytoremediation.

Polyamines play an important role in biogenic silica formation, however, their effects on silica particle size and condensation have not been well described. Here the authors show that bioinspired polyamine length affects silica particle size and extent of condensation.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to assess causative micro-organisms responsible for Orofacial space infections of odontogenic origin, and to evaluate their sensitivity to various antibiotics used in the treatment of these infections. Methods: The bacteriology and antimicrobial susceptibility of major pathogens in 30 patients with orofacial odontogenic infections were examined excluding the patients who were on prior antibiotic therapy, who were diagnosed to be immunocompromised and the patients were on immunosuppressants and the following patients underwent incision and drainage and received IV antibiotics. Results: A total of 46 bacterial strains were isolated from 30 patients out of which five patients' culture results were sterile. The most common aerobic bacteria isolated were Viridans Streptococci, Klebsiella Pneumonia and Streptococcus Pyogens, and anaerobic bacteria were Porphyromonas Gingivalis, Streptococci, Fusobacterium and Prevotella Melanogenicus. As per our study, Gentamycin (84%) and Cefotaxime (80%) were the most effective antibiotics. Conclusion: In conclusion, the surgical treatment incision and drainage must always be in the foreground for the therapy of orofacial space infections of odontogenic origin. Cultures and sensitivities commonly showed greater growth in aerobes (76%) than in anaerobes (23.9%).

In the present work, the effect of process parameters on joining of AZ91 Mg alloy and Al6063 aluminum alloy sheets during friction stir welding (FSP) was studied. A successful joint was achieved at 1100 r.p.m. tool rotational speed and 25 mm/min tool travel speed. Combination of tool rotational speed and tool travel speed has observed a profound effect on the material flow mechanisms at the nugget zone. From the microstructural studies, the joint formation was observed as mainly due to mechanical mixing of the materials. The level of metallurgical continuity at the nugget zone was observed as poor and a sharp interface at the joint was noticed. The microhardness measurements across the weld joint also revealed the lack of establishment of a perfect metallurgical bonding. X-ray diffraction analysis of weld zone showed presence of both magnesium and aluminum. Hence from the preliminary observations, it can be understood that the joining of AZ91 Mg alloy and Al6063 alloy can be achieved by FSP; however, complex issues in material mixing still need further investigations. Keywords: Friction stir welding, Dissimilar joints, Magnesium, Aluminum, Nugget zone