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Objective. The article discusses hardware and software methods of protecting the resources of the personal data information system from unauthorized access by means of "sniffing attacks"; the essence of which is to intercept data that is delivered within the observed system in the form of packets.Method. The analysis of the security of resources by the personal data information system regarding unauthorized access to data by means of "sniffing attacks" includes five conditional stages: collecting information in the personal data information system, scanning the personal data information system, gaining access to the personal data information system, securing personal data in the information system, generating a report; at the same time, security analysis it is always associated with unauthorized access to data.Result. To prevent unauthorized access to data by means of "sniffing attacks", the following software and hardware solutions are proposed to minimize the consequences of unauthorized exposure to the personal data information system: the use of the HTTPS protocol, a secure version of the HTTP protocol; the use of a static ARP table generated manually; scanning of the computer network of the personal data information system by the AntiSniff program; encryption of the computer network traffic networks of the personal data information system.Conclusion.The presented hardware and software solutions allow minimizing the consequences of unauthorized impact on personal data information systems.

Objective. A high-quality "cloud storage" of data should ensure the confidentiality, integrity and availability of information in the "storage". The use of "cloud storage" for storing information in backups is associated with their possible loss. Ensuring the confidentiality of information in the "cloud storage" implies that by "uploading" data to the "cloud storage", the user must be sure that an attacker will not be able to obtain information from the storage. The aim of the study is to develop an algorithm for using a cross-platform mobile application to protect information in the "cloud storage" of IS.Method. The study is based on the use of a cross-platform approach to creating applications.Result. The analysis of existing approaches and frameworks for the development of crossplatform mobile applications was carried out. It is proposed to create an application based on the Xamarin framework. To ensure the confidentiality of information, it is proposed to encrypt them before uploading data and backup copies of files. Encryption involves hiding the original type of the file from unauthorized use using crypto-algorithms, when the owner of the encryption key is the authorized user. To implement the function of encrypting data and backup copies of files uploaded to the "cloud storage", it is proposed to use the Rijndael symmetric block encryption algorithm, adopted as an encryption standard according to the results of the Advanced Encryption Standard (USA) competition.Conclusion. A cross-platform mobile application can be compiled and run efficiently under iOS and Android operating systems, encrypt files and upload them to the "cloud storage" with the possibility of subsequent decryption.

Introduction. The paper deals with the problem of automated construction of a local area network using tools and methods for traffic analysis at the link layer of OSI model. The problem is caused by two factors. These are difficulties of the manual determination of the communication between equipment and the lack of physical access to communication lines of an already functioning network. The purpose of the work is to reduce the time spent on building a local network diagram through automating the process of determining the communication between the equipment.Materials and Methods. To solve the set tasks, a method for determining the relative location of devices is proposed. The network adapters of a specialized software and hardware complex, which are connected to a communication line break at different points of the network, are used in opposite directions. The method used is based on calculations of intersections of address sets received from these adapters. The structural schemes of the construction of such a software and hardware complex and the requirements for it are given. The methods of obtaining MAC addresses from transit packets are described. Examples of libraries of software components for performing this operation are given. The structure of a relational database is proposed for storing the received data. The format and content of the fields of its table are described.Results. Using the developed methods, a typical example of an Ethernet network shows a way to determine the relative location of end devices specified by their MAC addresses, as well as at least two switches located between them. The signs by which it is possible to judge the presence of switching equipment in a particular segment are determined. A method is proposed that enables through using a set of relational operations, to sequentially refine the network topology until the required accuracy is achieved.Discussion and Conclusions. The results obtained can be used under the administration of large local networks with an extensive structure. The proposed approach allows you to reduce the time required for building a scheme. This is possible due to the automation of the process of obtaining information about devices operating on the network and their mutual location.

The article proposes a generalized algorithm for evaluating the shielding effectiveness (SE) of electronic equipment enclosures. The algorithm is based on a number of analytical models that use equivalent circuits to obtain SE values. The article begins with a brief review and interpretation of the mathematical formulation used in the algorithm. Then, we describe the proposed algorithm using flowcharts, and we perform its validation. The validation results show that the proposed algorithm has acceptable accuracy and gives SE values comparable to numerical methods or measurements, with much less time costs. The last part of the article presents the software developed to evaluate SE based on analytical models.

The study considers the problem of ensuring electromagnetic compatibility of EMI-based functional destruction means with other radioelectronic equipment as part of a complex for countering unmanned aerial vehicles. To solve this problem, it is proposed to create a methodology that combines a set of diverse approaches and methods. This study focuses on the use of hollow and thin passive conductors, the use of a magnetodielectric in a reflection symmetric modal filter, the use of reflection symmetric structures for decomposing the train of ultrashort pulses (USP), and the use of a meander line as a protective means against USPs. The main results that are expected to be obtained using the proposed approaches and methods are outlined.

This work focuses on the study of shield systems consisting of nested enclosures. In the first step, using FDTD simulations and measurements in an anechoic chamber, we investigate the shielding effectiveness (SE) of the system of two nested rectangular enclosures in the frequency range of up to 3 GHz. It is shown for the first time that for a number of frequencies, the SE of the nested shields can be improved by 40–50 dB due to the asymmetric arrangement of the enclosures, their electrical connection, and the mutually perpendicular arrangement of the apertures. Next, we analyze the emissions from the electromagnetic radiation sources in the presence and absence of a nested shield system. The results show that a nested shield system may not attenuate the emission amplitude but increases it by more than 58 dB at the resonant frequencies of the enclosures. Then, we prove that a single enclosure can have a higher SE than the same enclosure as a part of a poorly designed nested shield system. The final part of the article formulates practical recommendations for the design of nested shield configurations.

Since the end of the 19th century, radioelectronic devices (REDs) have actively penetrated into all modern community spheres. Achievements in the fields of radio engineering and electronics, as well as computing, information, telecommunications, and other technologies, have greatly contributed to this. The main elements of REDs are antennas and microwave devices. For example, linear (wire) antennas are the basis of long-distance communication agency networks of various law enforcement agencies and departments. The manufacturing of REDs requires the regular and rapid appearance of more and more advanced types with minimal costs. At the same time, the design complexity of REDs and the tightening of EMC requirements caused by the growth of upper frequencies of useful and interfering signals, the mounting density, as well as the capabilities of generators of intentional electromagnetic impacts, together with the need to take into account inter-element, inter-unit, and inter-system interference, require more and more accurate designs of REDs. However, this becomes impossible without computer modeling, which saves the time and financial resources required for their development, as well as to evaluate the correctness of the proposed technical solutions. During the design process, as a rule, a multivariate analysis or optimization of the product is performed. In this case, methods of computational electrodynamics (one of which is the method of moments) are used. They are based on the replacement of continuous functions with their discrete analogues (construction of a grid), which reduces the problem to the solution of a system of linear algebraic equations (SLAE). The problem’s complexity depends on the complexity of the SLAE solution, which is determined by its order (which in turn is determined by the complexity of the simulated object and its surrounding area) and by the number of the required SLAE solutions for each problem (determined by the upper frequency of the signal, the number, and range of the optimized parameters). This dramatically increases the computational cost, which becomes the main constraint for the optimal design. Therefore, reducing the computational cost for the analysis and optimization of RED elements (in particular, linear antennas) is an important scientific problem. Meanwhile, finding new antenna structures that meet all the desired features (low price, required characteristics, manufacturable design with small dimensions and windage, etc.) is no less important today. One of the promise solutions for these problems is using a wire grid and sparse antennas for modeling and constructing antennas. Since the last century, a lot of research has been performed on them. The aim of this paper is to review their history and the main related aspects such as computational, acceleration, and optimization used methods, the fields of their application, and their evolution to this moment. In addition, this paper provides a possible future implementation of wire-grid and sparse antennas from the authors’ point of view by presenting a new method that is under research to obtain effective wire sparse antennas.

Modern social processes are characterized by the growth of media influence, the accretion of media power, called the mediacracy. The social, political, and power impact of various state institutions are increasingly replaced by the information and psychological influence. In the system of social relations there is an increase in the information component, received from the press. However, along with the advantages of information exchange, there are complexities, objectively appearing from this issue, one of which is manipulation in the mass media. It is known, that the activation of these processes occurs during the pre-election period. In this regard, there is a profound social and scientific need to study the practices of media manipulation. This allows to have a new perspective look at the specifics of presentation of politicized facts, events, and to evaluate them. In this respect, the regional system of mass media remains an understudied segment. The analysis of leading mass publications of the Republic of Tatarstan shows, that their authors do not create fundamentally new events, but place emphasis on the ongoing processes. Despite the differences in the typology of publications (state and commercial media), they use similar manipulative technologies: differences are only in the combination of technologies and the frequency of their use. The goals of media manipulation are the promotion of candidate, the formation of the necessary image characteristics (positive and/or negative), the fixation of pre-set stereotypes in the public consciousness. The specifics of information support of the political campaign for the election of the President of the Republic of Tatarstan in 2015, on the basis of the analysis of forms, methods of its essential features, in the leading periodicals of the region, were defined in this study, in the time and content continuum.

This work presents a detailed, comprehensive study of a new structural design of protective devices with a circular cross-section (CS) (protective cables) for protecting equipment against ultra-wideband (UWB) pulses. Multiconductor structures with 2–5 conductors with and without a protective shield are considered. The disadvantages of using symmetric configurations of protective cables are shown. Their simulation, multivariate analysis, and optimization through heuristic search, as well as evolutionary strategies, were carried out. Optimization was carried out according to the amplitude (to minimize the maximum voltage level at the output of the structures) and time (to maximize the duration of the exciting signal) criteria. The optimization results allowed for increasing the duration and overall attenuation of the exciting UWB pulse. The article shows the possibility of improving the characteristics of such structures through their cascade connection, both among themselves and with strip protective structures. The results of parametric optimization of such structures are presented in the range of real (used in practice) geometric and electrophysical parameters in terms of amplitude and time criteria, as well as the matching criterion. The article also presents the developed prototypes of protective structures with a circular CS of three types: circular 3-conductor cable, flat 3-conductor cable, and circular 4-conductor cable. The experimental results describe how these prototypes were developed and created and confirm the feasibility of these protective structures to decompose the exciting pulse signal, which was previously shown only in simulation. Finally, it is shown that the use of asymmetry in the proposed cable structures can improve their protective characteristics.

This work is devoted to the research of new asymmetry effects in symmetric protective structures with triple modal reservation. We analyzed the structures with different cross-sectional locations of the reference conductor: in the center (unshielded structure), around (shielded structure), at the top and bottom (multilayer printed circuit board), and in the form of side polygons (double-sided printed circuit board). First, a preliminary quasi-static simulation was performed in the range of parameters. It was revealed that in all structures, except for the shielded one (in the form of a cable), the deviations of the output voltage amplitude, bandwidth, and frequency of the first resonance were insignificant, whereas in the shielded structure there were significant deviations in the time and frequency responses. The attenuation of the output voltage in relation to the input for each structure was also estimated. In addition, we performed a parametric optimization of the structures under consideration using a heuristic search, which made it possible to improve their characteristics. Finally, the switching order between the conductors in these structures with the original and optimized parameter sets was investigated in detail. The optimal conductor switching order in the case of a component failure was determined, and the best (according to protective characteristics) parameter configuration for each structure was found.

In this paper we consider the complexity problem in electronics production process. Particularly, we investigate the ways to reduce sensitivity of transmission line characteristics to their parameter variations. The reduction is shown for the per-unit-length delay and characteristic impedance of several modifications of microstrip transmission lines. It can be obtained by means of making an optimal choice of parameter values, enabling proper electric field redistribution in the air and the substrate. To achieve this aim we used an effective simulation technique and software tools. Taken together, for the first time, they have allowed formulating general approach which is relevant to solve a wide range of similar tasks.

We investigate the prolonged plastic deformation of aluminum containing θ′ phase with a multistage approach combining molecular dynamics (MD), continuum modeling (CM) and discrete dislocation dynamics (DDD). The time of performed MD calculations is sufficient for about a hundred dislocation–precipitate interactions. With this number of interactions, the inclusion of θ′ is not only cut, but also scattered into individual copper atoms in an aluminum matrix. Damage to the crystal structure of inclusion and activation of the cross-slip of dislocation segments cause a decrease in acting stresses in the MD system. The rate of this effect depends on θ′ diameter and occurs faster for small inclusions. The effect of decreasing the resistance of precipitate is further introduced into the dislocation–precipitate interaction CM by reducing the precipitate effective diameter with an increase in the number of interactions. A model of dislocation–precipitate interaction accounting for the softening of inclusions is further implemented into DDD. Dependences of flow stress in aluminum with θ′ phases on volume fraction and typical diameter of precipitates are obtained. Manifestation of inclusion softening is possible in such an alloy, which leads to the flow stress decrease during deformation. The range of volume fractions and typical diameters of θ′ phases corresponding to the possible decrease in flow stress is distinguished.

This study highlights the importance of detecting and localizing useful and interference signal extreme points in multiconductor transmission lines (MCTL) by developing a new approach for detecting and localizing signal extreme points in MCTL networks of arbitrary complexity. A radio-electronic component is presented as a network consisting of a number of connected MCTL sections. Each MCTL section is divided into segments and the number of segments is set by the user. The approach is based on a quasi-static calculation of signal waveforms at any point (segment) along each conductor of an MCTL. The block diagrams of the developed algorithms are presented. Using the approach, a number of investigations have been done which include the following: the signal maximum detection and localization in the meander lines with one and two turns, the influence of ultrashort pulse duration on localization of its extreme points in the printed circuit board (PCB) bus of a spacecraft autonomous navigation system, the influence of ultrashort pulse duration on localization of crosstalk extreme points in the PCB bus, and the simulation of electrostatic discharge effects on the PCB bus. There are also some investigations with optimization methods presented. A genetic algorithm (GA) was used to optimize the influence of ultrashort pulse duration on localization of the pulse and crosstalk extreme points in the PCB bus. Furthermore, the GA was used to optimize the PCB bus loads by criteria of the peak voltage minimization. A similar investigation was carried out with the evolution strategy. The obtained results help us to argue that the signal extreme points can be detected both in structures with different configurations and applying different excitations.

For the first time, the paper considers in a unified work the possibility of the appearance of additional pulses in various structures based on modal filtration technology, which is used to improve protection against ultrashort pulses (USP). We analyzed meander lines (ML) with broad-side coupling, structures with modal reservation (MR), reflection symmetric MLs, and modal filters (MF) with a passive conductor in the reference plane cutout and obtained the following results. It was found that the main reason for the additional pulses to appear in these structures is the introduction of asymmetry (of the cross-section, boundary conditions, and excitation). It is theoretically and experimentally established that additional pulses are a new resource for increasing the efficiency of protective devices with modal decomposition, but the highest effectiveness could be achieved through careful optimization.

The problem of protecting radio electronic equipment from ultrashort pulses is of utmost importance nowadays since conductive interference poses the biggest danger to its proper functioning. The article considers the issue of protecting equipment by means of modal filters (MFs) and analyzes the structures of multiconductor microstrip MFs. We present the results of a complex study of the possibility to conduct the optimization (both separate and simultaneous) of a multiconductor MF by different criteria and the formulation of the basic (electrical) optimization criteria for MF. We have formulated the amplitude and time criteria for optimizing an MF (with any number of conductors) in an analytical form and obtained a general multicriteria objective function for optimizing an MF by different criteria. As a result, we have formed a hybrid model consisting of heuristic search and GA. The results demonstrated the topicality of further research in this field.