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Aim. The presented study aims to show the influence of digital trust on the formation and transformation of people’s economic behavior.Tasks. The authors investigate the evolution of scientific approaches to the characterization of trust; determine historical reasons for the emergence of digital trust; classify modern financial instruments as elements of the economic system; formulate an economic-sociological approach that makes it possible to examine trust in financial instruments in the context of digital transformation; identify methods and instruments for increasing digital trust and determine the consequences of their use by economic subjects.Methods. This study uses a research method based on the economic and sociological theories of trust developed by such authors as M. Weber, G. Simmel, T. Parsons, and N. Luhmann, who interpreted this phenomenon in relation to economics.Results. According to the results of analyzing theoretical approaches, the methods of the sociology of trust can be used in the investigation of trust in economic institutions. The study substantiates the thesis that digital financial instruments should be viewed through the lenses of “personal” and “system” trust using N. Luhmann’s system analysis. It also proves that digital financial instruments contribute to reducing the risk of distrust in economic transactions, preserving the integrity of the social system.Conclusions. The phenomenon of trust needs to be examined in conjunction with the analysis of digital transformations in the financial sphere, since this makes it possible to re-imagine and explore in more detail the conditions for the use of financial digital instruments by consumers, and therefore requires a theory and methodology for studying the relationship between these phenomena to be developed.

Using the example of two Volga regions - the Republic of Mordovia and the Chuvash Republic, characterized by similar economic conditions, the article shows the impact of the effectiveness of regional management on the standard of living of people in 2010-2019. It is revealed that the Republic of Mordovia, which demonstrates higher rates of economic growth and has a stronger economic potential compared to the Chuvash Republic (estimated per capita GRP) lags behind the Chuvash Republic in terms of living standards (estimated by indicators of monetary income). The low efficiency of public administration in the Republic of Mordovia in 2010-2019 is also indicated by the greatly overestimated number of employees of public authorities and municipal authorities, as well as the largest debt burden among Russian subjects.

Rationale. To date, liver transplantation is the most effective method of treating end-stage liver failure, and therefore this treatment has become widespread throughout the world. However, due to the improvement in the quality of transplant care and an increase in the long-term survival of patients, the development of concomitant pathology, which often requires medical treatment, is inevitably associated with a higher life expectancy of liver transplant recipients. Thus, in patients who underwent liver transplantation, there is. a significant increase in the incidence of dyslipidemia. However, a long-term immunosuppressive therapy in organ transplant patients can adversely modify the effect of the prescribed drugs, which requires careful monitoring and consideration of drug interactions.Purpose. Using a clinical example to demonstrate the importance of taking drug interactions into account in the treatment of patients after organ transplantation receiving immunosuppressive drugs.Material and methods. In the presented clinical case, a patient after orthotopic liver transplantation performed in 2005 underwent a staged treatment of cicatricial stricture of choledochal anastomosis in the S.P. Botkin City Clinical Hospital. During the following hospitalization, the patient complained of minor muscle pain when walking. At doctor's visit 3 weeks before hospitalization, a local physician prescribed therapy with atorvastatin 10 mg per day due to an increase in blood plasma cholesterol levels. The patient underwent removal of the self-expanding nitinol stent. During the follow-up examination, the patient had no evidence of an impaired bile outflow, however, muscle pain and weakness progressively increased, the rate of diuresis decreased, and in the biochemical analysis of blood there was an abrupt increase in the concentration of creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase. Atorvastatin was canceled, a diagnosis of acute non-traumatic rhabdomyolysis was established, treatment with hemodialysis and plasma exchange was started on 03/05/2020. The last session of renal replacement therapy was 03/30/20.Results. With the restoration of the diuresis rate, there was a spontaneous decrease in the level of creatinine to 170 μmol/L. The patient was discharged with satisfactory renal and hepatic function. The pain syndrome completely resolved. Conclusion. Drug interactions between atorvastatin and cyclosporine have resulted in acute rhabdomyolysis with life-threatening consequences. This once again confirms the importance of taking drug interactions into account when managing patients after solid organ transplantation.

Introduction.The study aims at examining the concept of security from the perspective of a human being as an individual, his/her personal development and chances for the full realization of human potential within the framework of state security. The correlation of the two concepts is the basis upon which we attempt to reveal the extent to which the balance between human and state security is maintained. In the study, we draw upon the example of the Republic of Armenia, its basic national security documents and the specific niche that human security occupies in this context. At this stage we limit the study to the level of documents without referring to the implementation of the basic principles of security reflected in the appropriate documents in real life. Internal changes in the political situation in the country and the fundamental principles underlying and generating these changes call for the necessity of scholarly examination of the concepts in question. The immediate aim of the study is to delineate the concept of “human security” as reflected in the framework of the national security of the Republic of Armenia, namely in the fundamental documents referring to the national securityMethods.Initially in the paper we introduce the theoretical background and expound all those conceptual premises and the definitions of “human security” of various scholars and scholarly schools which precondition the nature of the research. Drawing upon the method of qualitative-quantitative content analysis, we make an attempt to show to which extent the concept of “human security” is conceptualized in the sources mentioned. The following documents served as an empirical material for the study – the Constitution of the Republic of Armenia, Republic of Armenia 2014-2025 Strategic Program of Prospective Development, as well as the National Security Strategy. The representativeness of the material is accounted for by the fact that the state and government are guided act in line with these documents.Results and conclusions.The study permits to conclude that the balance between state security and human security in Armenia is shifted towards the former, with the apparent prevalence of military security sector.

Диагностика тиреотоксикоза в настоящее время не представляет серьезных трудностей. Распространение методов визуализации с каждым годом увеличивает выявляемость аденом гипофиза. Тиреотропинома – редкая причина тиреотоксикоза.Ранняя диагностика ТТГ-секретирующей аденомы предупредит ошибки в лечебной тактике, приводящие к необоснованному хирургическому вмешательству на щитовидной железе, и позволит повысить качество жизни пациентов. В статье приведены два клинических случая ТТГ-секретирующих аденом гипофиза у пациенток с различной длительностью заболевания и, соответственно, размерами аденом, наличием осложнений тиреотоксикоза. Обе пациентки были оперированы в Федеральном Центре Нейрохирургии г. Новосибирска из трансназального транссфеноидального доступа. В послеоперационном периоде достигнут стойкий эутиреоз в обоих случаях. У пациентки с многолетним анамнезом заболевания, большими размерами аденомы в послеоперационном периоде развился вторичный гипокортицизм, а качество ее жизни значительно ниже, учитывая сопутствующую патологию. Период дальнейшего наблюдения этих случаев составил 3 года и год соответственно.

A study that involved 253 men (age 22–74 years) revealed an increase in the intensity of fat tissue accumulation at the beginning of the first period of middle age already; the increase was associated with the transition from the predominance of the gynoid type of obesity to that of the android type. The increase in the incidence of both individual components of metabolic syndrome and the syndrome as a whole was most pronounced in men in the second period of middle age, whereas the frequency of occurrence of such syndrome components as hypertriglyceridemia, low level of HDL cholesterol, and hyperglycemia was lower in the elderly. The value of the index of visceral obesity was significantly higher in men with the android type of obesity in all of the studied age groups. Thus, the risk of metabolic syndrome development in men with the gynoid type of obesity is lower than in men with the android type of obesity, regardless of the age of the subjects.

To investigate the effects of adiponectin and leptin on the development of metabolic disturbances in women with android and gynoid fat distribution.A total of 101 women aged 40 to 65 years were examined. Anthropometric measurements were made; overweight and obese women with a waist/hip (W/H) ratio of less than 0.83 were referred to as a gynoid fat distribution (GFD) group; and those with a W/H ratio of 0.83 or more were to an android fat distribution (AFD) group. The serum concentrations of triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and glucose were measured; the levels of insulin, leptin, and adiponectin were determined by enzyme immunoassay. Insulin resistance (IR), HOMA IR, and visceral obesity index (VOI) were calculated.With the same excess adipose tissue accumulation, the women with GFD had a less magnitude of hormonal and metabolic disturbances than those with AFD, whose HOMA-IR also pointed to the presence of IR. VOI was insignificantly higher in the women with GFD and 2.4-fold greater than that in normal weight (NW) women. In the women with GFD and AFD, the concentration of leptin was higher than that in the NW women, which was characteristic of obesity, but the concentration of adiponectin proved to be significantly lower in the patients with AFD and to be unchanged in those with GFD as compared with that in the NW women.The women with AFD are typified by a high VOI, hypoadiponectinemia, IR, and metabolic disturbances, which determine a high risk for cardiovascular events and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In the women with GFD, obesity is associated with normal adiponectinemia and a low VOI and, in terms of hormonal and metabolic characteristics, may be characterized as metabolically healthy obesity.Цель исследования. Изучить влияние адипонектина и лептина на развитие метаболических нарушений у женщин с андроидным и гиноидным типами распределения жира. Материалы и методы. Обследовали 101 женщину в возрасте от 40 до 65 лет. Проводили антропометрическое обследование, при отношении окружность талии к окружности бедер (ОТ/ОБ) менее 0,85 женщин с избыточной массой тела и ожирением относили к группе с гиноидным типом распределения жира (ГТРЖ), а при ОТ/ОБ 0,85 и выше - к группе с андроидным типом распределения жира (АТРЖ). В сыворотке крови измеряли концентрации триглицеридов, холестерина липопротеидов высокой плотности, глюкозы; содержание инсулина, лептина и адипонектина определяли методом иммуноферментного анализа. Рассчитывали индексы инсулинорезистентности (ИР) НОМА-IR и висцерального ожирения (ИВО). Результаты. При одинаковой степени накопления избыточной жировой ткани у женщин с ГТРЖ выраженность гормонально-метаболических нарушений меньше, чем у женщин с АТРЖ, у которых индекс НОМА-IR указывал также на наличие ИР. ИВО у женщин с ГТРЖ недостоверно выше, а у женщин с АТРЖ в 2,4 раза выше, чем у женщин с нормальной массой тела (НМТ). Концентрация лептина у женщин с ГТРЖ и АТРЖ выше, чем у женщин с НМТ, что характерно для ожирения, но концентрация адипонектина оказалась достоверно ниже при АТРЖ и не изменилась при ГТРЖ по сравнению с НМТ. Заключение. Для женщин с АТРЖ характерны высокий ИВО, гипоадипонектинемия, ИР и метаболические нарушения, определяющие высокий риск развития сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний и сахарного диабета 2-го типа. У женщин с ГТРЖ ожирение ассоциировано с нормоадипонектинемией и низким ИВО, и по гормонально-метаболическим характеристикам оно может быть охарактеризовано как 'метаболически здоровое' ожирение.

The study included 253 men aged 22 to 74 years. Was shown that at the end of the first period of middle age the accumulation of adipose tissue was enhanced that was associated with the change of dominance from the gynoid to the android type of obesity. The most pronounced increase in the frequency of occurrence of individual components and the overall metabolic syndrome was diagnosed in men in the second period of middle age with a following decrease in the frequency such components as hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL cholesterol and hyperglycemia in elderly age. In the all three age groups the value of the index of visceral obesity was significantly higher in men with android type of obesity compared with gynoid. Thus, the men with gynoid compared with android type of obesity have a lower risk of development metabolic syndrome in all age groups.Обследованы 253 мужчины 22–74 лет. Показано, что уже в конце первого периода зрелого возраста у них усиливается накопление жировой ткани, что ассоциировано со сменой доминирования гиноидного на андроидный тип ожирения. Наиболее выраженный прирост частоты встречаемости как отдельных компонентов, так и в целом метаболического синдрома выявлен у мужчин во втором периоде зрелого возраста с последующим снижением частоты таких компонентов, как гипертриглицеридемия, низкий уровень холестерина ЛПВП и гипегликемия в пожилом возрасте. Во всех трех возрастных группах величина индекса висцерального ожирения была статистически значимо выше у мужчин с андроидным типом ожирения по сравнению с гиноидным. Таким образом, мужчины с гиноидным типом ожирения имеют меньший риск развития метаболического синдрома во всех возрастных группах по сравнению с мужчинами с андроидным типом ожирения.

Tumor vasculature is irregularly sized and arranged in a disorganized manner, where they share characteristics of arterioles, capillaries, and venules simultaneously. This research aims to study microvessels of tissue (from mastopathy to human breast cancer) embedded in Epoxy resins using a light optical microscopy method.Human breast cancer microvessels images getting on semithin epoxy slices give new opportunities for the study of this disease.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of measures aimed at correcting obesity in women and including bright light exposure during aerobic exercise combined with a restrictive diet. A one-stage, randomized study involved 80 obese women aged 20 to 58 years. The inclusion criterion for selecting participants for this research was the presence of primary alimentary-constitutional obesity with body mass index equal to or higher than 30 kg/m2. All the women were distributed into three groups according to the set of applied treatments. In Group 1, the women were on a restrictive diet; in Group 2, the restrictive diet was accompanied with daily aerobic exercise; in Group 3, women were exposed to bright light during exercise. Before and after the treatment course (3 weeks), body weight, waist and hip circumferences were measured; fat amount was determined by the impedancemetry method; and oxygen consumption was determined by indirect calorimetry. Women in Group 1 had reduced body weight, waist and hip circumferences, fat mass and oxygen consumption. Similar changes were identified in women of Group 2, but weight loss was greater, and the level of oxygen consumption increased as compared to the baseline. In women of Group 3, weight loss and increased oxygen consumption were more pronounced than in those of Group 2. The number of metabolic equivalents (MET) in women of Group 3 increased to nearly 1, which corresponded to the value of this index that reflected the resting metabolic rate in patients with normal body weight. Thus, exposure to bright full-spectrum light increases energy metabolism and enhances the effectiveness of exercises, despite prolonged food restriction, which is one of the mechanisms to improve the efficiency of obesity correction.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and severity of erectile dysfunction (ED) and hypogonadism in 193 men presenting with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTSs) in the younger (20 - 39 years old) and older (40 - 60 years old) age groups depending on the presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Triglycerides, glucose and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, serum total testosterone (TT), sex hormone-binding globulin, prostate-specific antigen, pituitary hormones levels were measured in serum. Standardized criteria (2009) were used to determine the prevalence of MetS. Patients were assessed based on the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and the IPSS-Quality of Life (IPSS-QoL) for LUTSs and the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) for ED. Hypogonadism was determined in accordance with the ISA, ISSAM, EAU, EAA and ASA recommendations. In men with MetS in the younger age group the incidence of ED was 2.4 times higher, and that of low TT level and hypogonadism was 8.4 times higher compared to men without the syndrome. In the older age group, an increased incidence of ED and low TT level in men with MetS compared to men without the syndrome was on the trend level, but the incidence of hypogonadism was for sure higher (by 1.6 times). In conclusion, the study showed that ED and hypogonadism are associated with MetS by a high degree of certainty in young men with LUTSs. In men of the older age group with LUTSs, the presence of MetS is not so clearly associated with ED and hypogonadism due to the fact that the incidence of these urogenital diseases is also high in men without MetS.

The study included 335 women aged 21-74. The results have shown that age is associated with the progressive accumulation of fat tissue and an increase in the waisttohip circumference ratio, which are mostly expressed in the second period of middle age. The ratio of the frequencies of gynoid and android spe� cies among overweight and obese women in the first and second period of middleaged groups and old age was 2.7 : 1; 1.3 : 1 and 0.2 : 1, respectively. The occurrence of metabolic syndrome in this age groups of women with gynoid species was 16.3, 18.9, and 30.0%; however, for android species, it was 62.5, 47.9, and 83.0%, respectively. Our results allow us to state that women with gynoid species are at the lowest risk for metabolic syndrome, even in old age.

The characteristics of the residual stresses arising in float-glass production are presented. The forms, causes, magnitude and direction of the stresses are described. The condition for off-cut breakage is derived mathematically. Modeling with ANSYS Structural Ver. 14.0 is used to obtain the stress pattern when the breaking bar is raised and the critical parameters for which glass losses occur during cutting are determined.

The main reasons for the appearance of rejects during glass cutting are presented: off-cut breakage and breakage during cutting. Attention is focused mainly on the residual stresses in the glass; equipment-related reasons for rejects are briefly discussed. The existing method of monitoring the residual stresses in glass and its drawbacks are examined. These studies have made it possible to clarify the reasons for problems arising during glass cutting. Explanations are given for the results obtained.

The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome as a cluster of risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus and its individual components in groups of men and women with primary obesity having different types of fat distribution. The study involved 142 men and 185 women with primary alimentary-constitutional obesity. The study participants were divided into 2 groups depending on waist-to-hip ratio value. Standardized criteria were used to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its individual components among the examined men and women. The ratios of the number of participants with lower or upper type of fat distribution in men and women were 28:114 and 84:101, respectively. Hence the frequency of lower type of fat distribution was 19.7% in men and 45.4% in women (p HDL-C (1.2-fold), and hypertension (in 1.5 times). The frequency of metabolic syndrome in women with lower type of fat distribution was lower by 1.9 times than that of women with upper type of fat distribution. Both men and women in the groups with lower type of fat distribution were missing such a component of metabolic syndrome as hyperglycemia i.e. they had the minimal risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl esters of a number of N-substituted α-amino acids and their quaternary ammonium salts were synthesized and their physiochemical properties were determined. We report here studies of their interactions with erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase and human plasma butyrylcholinesterase. IC50 values (the concentrations of study compounds producing 50% inhibition of the rate of cholinesterase hydrolysis of 0.1 mM acetylcholine) were measured for all the compounds synthesized. The results showed that all the choline esters of N-substituted amino acids synthesized here had anticholinesterase properties, mainly specific for butyrylcholinesterase.

The present-day studies in the field of systematics and phylogeny of microorganisms, fungi, in particular, are characterized by a wide use of new approaches and methods of molecular biology. The use of a diversity of genetic markers permits a distinct differentiation of closely related species into individual evolutionarily independent lines. It is shown in this work that all Microbotryum violaceum s. l. isolates studied by us are divided into five evolutionary groups according to the host plant.

Basic points of the concept of contactless space systems of active optics are formulated. They include the principles of construction, the logic of control, and structural and designing features. The generalized structure of a typical subsystem is constructed, and the basic control algorithms corresponding to the conditions of structural decomposition of similar systems are defined.

Blood vessels deliver oxygen and nutrients to every part of the body, but also nourish diseases such as cancer. The aim of this study is to show the new possibilities for study of microcirculatory bed of human breast cancer tissue embedded in Epoxy resins . As have shown the results of our study, using current method (staining the material by Azur II), it becomes possible the obtaining 3D images of blood vessels of human breast cancer tissue which gives new opportunities for further study of this disease.

The best preservation of tissue structures for a long time has been reached by the embedding of tissues into epoxy resins. The aim of the current research is to show the potential of light microscopic studies on the research of blood vessels of tissues embedded and conservated in epoxide resins. Our results demonstrated that preservation of tissue in epoxide resins proved to be a convenient method for theirs studying under light microscope independently of the age and temperature conditions of the sample storage.

Contains fulltext : 117195.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) Recent advances in high-throughput sequencing technology have identified the transcription of a much larger portion of the genome than previously anticipated. Especially in the context of cancer it has become clear that aberrant transcription of both protein-coding and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are frequent events. The current dogma of RNA function describes mRNA to be responsible for the synthesis of proteins, whereas non-coding RNA can have regulatory or epigenetic functions. However, this distinction between protein coding and regulatory ability of transcripts may not be that strict. Here, we review the increasing body of evidence for the existence of multifunctional RNAs that have both protein-coding and trans-regulatory roles. Moreover, we demonstrate that coding transcripts bind to components of the Polycomb Repressor Complex 2 (PRC2) with similar affinities as non-coding transcripts, revealing potential epigenetic regulation by mRNAs. We hypothesize that studies on the regulatory ability of disease-associated mRNAs will form an important new field of research.

The hydraulic elements were studied and the scour depth at various stages of channel construction were measured in order to determine the design characteristics for damming the opening by the poineer method. Systematic surveys were made of the cross section, the water levels upstream and downstream from the constricted channels were measured, the width and depth of the opening and velocities and flows were measured, and float studies with depth measurements were made along the course of the buoy. In order to prevent channel scouring in the region of the opening at high flows it is necessary to stabilize it with a mattress. It is noted that in the selection of the stabilization mattress, it is important that in the longitudinal direction, the lower boundary of the mattress should just overlap the line of smallest transit-flow width, the position of which can be determined theoretically, while the upper boundary should correspond with the boundary where the free stream surface begins to drop near the opening. Comments are made on the flow through a channel section constricted by embankments placed by the pioneer method.