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The ODYSSEY OUTCOMES trial, comprising over 47 000 patient-years of placebo-controlled observation, demonstrated important reductions in the risk of recurrent ischaemic cardiovascular events with the monoclonal antibody to proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 alirocumab, as well as lower all-cause death. These benefits were observed in the context of substantial and persistent lowering of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol with alirocumab compared with that achieved with placebo. The safety profile of alirocumab was indistinguishable from matching placebo except for a ∼1.7% absolute increase in local injection site reactions. Further, the safety of alirocumab compared with placebo was evident in vulnerable groups identified before randomization, such as the elderly and those with diabetes mellitus, previous ischaemic stroke, or chronic kidney disease. The frequency of adverse events and laboratory-based abnormalities was generally similar to that in placebo-treated patients. Thus, alirocumab appears to be a safe and effective lipid-modifying treatment over a duration of at least 5 years.

Aim. To identify the clinical and anamnestic characteristics and features of the stable angina management in patients with a history of myocardial infarction (MI) in the actual outpatient practice of Ukrainian cardiologists in order to determine the follow-up activities for optimizing and individualizing the treatment of this patient cohort. Materials and methods. The non-interventional observational multicenter prospective study GO-OD enrolled 1529 patients with coronary artery disease, stable angina, 39.7 % of whom had a history of MI. The follow-up period for the study participants was 3 months. Physicians were instructed to continue monitoring and treatment of patients in accordance with routine practice and international guidelines. No additional diagnostic or monitoring procedures were performed. However, physicians could adjust therapy and provide recommendations for lifestyle modification. Results. Among post-infarction patients, the proportion of young people, active smokers and men was significantly higher (p < 0.001). A positive family history of MI in first-degree relatives or sudden death in the patient’s father before 55 years of age have been identified to be more common in MI patients (p < 0.05), a positive family history of stroke has been found in the group of patients without MI (p < 0.001). Patients with MI had an average of 6 anginal attacks per week, and the need for short-acting nitroglycerin to relieve attacks was significantly higher than that in patients without MI. PCI was used more often for MI patients within up to 3 years post-MI, the proportion of CABG gained prevalence among patients over 3 years after MI. At the time of study enrollment, the patients mostly used beta-blockers, trimetazidine was the second most often prescribed. When optimizing antianginal therapy, trimetazidine therapy underwent the greatest modifications, the proportion of patients taking beta-blockers and calcium antagonists also increased, which resulted in a significant symptom alleviation in patients. Recommended highly intensive statin therapy was prescribed only to 44.2 % of patients and none of the patients received combined lipid-lowering therapy. Conclusions. Controlling the modifiable risk factors remains unsatisfactory among Ukrainian outpatients with angina and a history of MI. Despite prior coronary revascularization procedures, significant symptomatology in patients with angina and MI has been detected. Low therapy adherence has been documented in most patients. Fewer than half of patients with a history of MI receive the required doses of statins. Pharmacological therapy optimization through adjustment of hypolipidemic and antianginal medication dosages, and the inclusion of original trimetazidine at a dose of 80 mg once a day have resulted in a significantly reduced frequency of anginal attacks and improved quality of patients’ life.

The global confectionery industry is one of the most dynamically developing sectors of the economy and one of the fastest-growing segments of the consumer market. This growth is driven by shifting demand, influenced by healthy eating trends, as well as the industry’s ability to adapt to consumer preferences through innovation and the development of flexible competitive strategies. This paper is based on the hypothesis that, for effective competition, enterprises in the confectionery industry must continuously monitor the business environment and implement strategic measures in a timely manner. The aim of this research is to substantiate the choice of a competitive strategy by monitoring the competitive advantages of enterprises in the confectionery industry, using Ukraine and Slovakia as case studies. The research materials include statistical data on the development of the confectionery industry in Ukraine and Slovakia from Ukrstat and Eurostat. To compare the competitive advantages of confectionery enterprises in both countries, the authors used methods such as diagnostic analysis, statistical data analysis, and case studies were employed. Expert evaluations from the confectionery industry in Ukraine and Slovakia were used to monitor and assess competitive advantages. The monitoring procedure followed a structured sequence of actions: (1) identifying development trends in the confectionery industry, (2) determining key competitive advantages, and (3) conducting an expert assessment of these advantages. Based on this assessment, priorities were established, and a competitive strategy was defined. The competitive advantages evaluated by experts included the dynamics of confectionery production, revenue growth, digitalization of sales, average product prices, operational efficiency, brand development, product innovation, ingredient safety, and export potential. The potential competitive advantages of confectionery industry enterprises, which experts were asked to evaluate, included the dynamics of confectionery production, revenue dynamics, digitalization of sales, average prices for confectionery products, efficiency, brand development, product innovation, ingredient safety, and export potential. The results of the expert assessment indicate that the confectionery enterprises of Ukraine and Slovakia have significant potential for growth and strengthening their competitive position. Ukrainian enterprises, in particular, benefit from larger production volumes, a more innovative product assortment, and higher product quality. To further enhance their competitive advantages, Ukrainian enterprises should focus on digitalizing sales and expanding into new markets to boost exports. For Slovak enterprises, increasing production volumes, digitizing sales, refining product policy to expand assortments, and diagnosing export potential are recommended strategies for gaining competitive advantages. As a result of this study, a methodological approach was developed to assess the competitive advantages of enterprises in the highly competitive confectionery industry. This approach enables enterprises in this sector to gain additional advantages in the global market. Identifying competitive advantages becomes a fundamental characteristic for providing information support in managing a company’s competitive capabilities in a global context. This article contributes to the study of methodologies for monitoring, evaluating, and managing the competitiveness of confectionery enterprises, with potential applicability to enterprises in other industries. The research also opens avenues for further studies in competitiveness management, the confectionery industry, and marketing management.

A mine-explosive injury is a special type of injury, and in most cases, the surgeon encounters a victim with polytrauma, including an injury to the organs of the abdominal cavity. However, 87% of all penetrating wounds of the abdominal cavity are accompanied by intestinal damage, which in the future can lead to the formation of enteroatmospheric fistulas. The study aimed to improve the results of surgical treatment of patients with enteroatmospheric fistulas formed as a result of a mine-explosive injury with a penetrating wound of the abdominal cavity. Material and Methods. The results of the treatment of 17 victims with enteroatmospheric fistulas, which were formed as a result of a mine-explosive injury with a penetrating wound of the abdominal cavity, were analyzed. All patients were treated in the surgical department of the Communal non-commercial institution of the Kharkiv Regional Council "Regional Clinical Hospital" during 2022-2023. There were 9 (52.9%) female patients, 8 (47.1%) male patients. The age of the patients varied from 42 to 75 years. Results. The study shows that only 4 (23.5%) patients had isolated intestinal injury, the other 13 (76.5%) had combined and multiple injuries. All 13 patients (except for the intestinal injury) had shrapnel wounds and penetrating injuries to the limbs, of which 4 had a traumatic hemopneumothorax, 4 had kidney and retroperitoneal injury, 3 had liver injury, and 2 had pancreas and retroperitoneal injury. , in 2 - injury of the spleen, in 1 - violation of the integrity of the pelvic bones. A comprehensive approach to the treatment of patients was implemented. The first stage is the opening and drainage of an abscess in the presence of an abscess on the front abdominal wall. The second stage is the delimitation of the intestinal fistula with one's tissues or with the help of various "fistula adapters". Next, VAC bandages were installed for active drainage. After debridement, tissue defects of the anterior abdominal wall were plasticized with own tissues or ointment bandages were used, sites were formed for the calorimeter (if there is a discharge of intestinal contents from the fistula) or places for an ointment bandage (if there is no secretion of intestinal contents). Discussion. Enteroatmospheric fistula is a subtype of enterocutaneous fistula, and represents a connection between the gastrointestinal tract and the external atmosphere without a vascularized covering of soft tissues. Enteroatmospheric fistula can develop along any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Conclusions. We believe that the scheme of treatment of enteroatmospheric fistulas will help to achieve significant success in the treatment of this category of patients, and the proposed algorithm will make it possible to avoid the next possible laparotomy. Also, if we take into account the economic aspect, it is economically less expensive to treat enteroatmospheric fistulas according to this algorithm than to carry out a massive surgical intervention.

The paper emphasizes that the primary objective of fallow field tillage in summer and pre-sowing soil preparation is to create the most favorable conditions for moisture retention and accumulation within soil layers. (Research purpose) The study aimed to investigate the process of moisture accumulation within soil layers as influenced by the type of working bodies used for continuous tillage of fallow fields. (Materials and methods) The research was conducted in field conditions using an experimental model of a steam cultivator equipped with a roller having a working width of 3 meters, as well as a standard KSOP-4 cultivator for continuous tillage. (Results and discussion) Observations from June to August confirmed that the experimental steam cultivator with a roller effectively prevented the displacement of wet soil layers to the surface, maintaining a volumetric moisture content of 16.42-17.37 percent in the 5-centimeter layer. Moisture accumulation was recorded at various soil depths, with volumetric moisture levels recorded at 28.40-30.48 in the 10-centimeter layer, 30.18-32.82 percent in the 15-centimeter layer, and 26.90-29.38 percent in the 20-centimeter layer. For comparison, continuous tillage using a standard cultivator resulted in the displacement of wet soil layers to the surface, with volumetric moisture levels of 22.62-25.14 percent in the 5-centimeter layer. Moisture accumulation in deeper soil layers decreased, showing 18.57-21.57 percent in the 10-centimeter layer, 14.09-15.58 percent in the 15-centimeter layer, and 22.75-22.21 in the 20-centimeter layer. (Conclusions) The study demonstrated that using specific working bodies for continuous soil cultivation in summer ensures moisture retention within the soil layers. This approach facilitates shallow cultivation to a depth of 4-6 centimeters without exposing wet layers to the surface.

Radiomics is a new branch in diagnostics based on a quantitative approach to medical imaging able to ensure more efficient use of medical equipment, optimize imaging time per patient, and increase the accuracy of differential diagnostics in various areas of medicine. Radiogenomics is a branch of radionics intended to establish a connection between the patient’s genotype and phenotypic presentation obtained from medical imaging. The review dwells on general issues for radiomics and radiogenomics in oncology with the recent study findings, focusing on the role of these methods in neurooncology and solving problems in diagnosing brain tumors. One of the current topics in neurooncology is disease prognosis in patients with unverified midline gliomas because morphological confirmation of the diagnosis and molecular genetic testing of tissues is impossible. Besides, the high spatial and temporal heterogeneity of malignant neoplasms prevents a complete assessment of the biological properties of the tumor and even using stereotactic biopsy methods. Radiomics methods can help doctors differentiate the tumor grade, acting as a “virtual biopsy” while avoiding invasive procedures. The study findings on radiomics and radiogenomics in neurooncology indicate the undeniable promise of these methods; however, as in other areas of medicine and biology, errors cannot be completely excluded, so the expert team must aim to minimize them.

The article is devoted to the development of approaches to the consideration of court cases with the participation of children, one of which may be the introduction of special requirements for a court decision that concerns a child, which will help to take into account the child’s best interests and, as a result, contribute to the effective protection of the child’s rights. It is emphasized that international standards in the field of child-friendly justice establish approaches that guide individual states to treat court proceedings with the participation of children in a special way, which affects the presentation and justification of the corresponding court decision. It is summarized that the practice of proceedings in international courts and UN treaty bodies demonstrates that the lack of appropriate motivation for the decision of the national court, which would reflect how the best interests of the child, his/her opinion, etc. are taken into account, may constitute an unjustified interference in the rights of the child by the state. It is concluded that some countries have special legislation that obliges courts to reflect in court decisions how the best interests of the child are taken into account. The analysis of decisions of national courts shows that court decisions in cases with the participation of children, regardless of the type of judicial proceedings, are different from court decisions in cases with the participation of adults, and reflect specific elements that are important for the proper realization of children’s rights. The position was expressed that in the corresponding court decision it is necessary to reflect how the best interests of the child were taken into account, which elements, depending on the specifics of the dispute, were taken to determine their content. A mandatory element is to reflect how the child’s right to express his/her opinion was ensured and to what extent it was taken into account. Depending on the type of proceedings and the child’s status in it, the child’s level of development, socio-psychological features of the child, the conditions of the child’s living and education, security, family situations and relationships with adults, etc., must be established.

Abstract Production scalability, efficiency, and stability challenges continue to impede the commercial viability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this study, a multifunctional passivation technique is introduced, designed to enhance the efficiency and stability of printable, air‐processed PSCs with laminated carbon electrodes. This findings indicate that tin(II) phthalocyanine (SnPC) molecules act as an interfacial layer between the absorber and the hole‐transporting layer (HTL), effectively passivating surface trap states and facilitating hole extraction. Optimal SnPC surface treatment reduces the trap density in the perovskite layer from 2.1 × 1015 to 1.5 × 1015 cm−3, increases carrier mobility (from 2.7 × 10−3 to 2.8 × 10−3 cm2 Vs−1), and extends carrier lifetime. SEM, AFM, EDS, and XPS analyses confirm the presence of SnPC on the perovskite layer surface and its influence on surface morphology. Devices treated with an optimal SnPC concentration exhibit significant efficiency improvements, from 6.4% to 8.5%, along with a threefold increase in photo‐stability. Thus, SnPC may serve as a passivating buffer layer for the perovskite surface, offering protection against photo‐degradation.

YAG:Sm3+ (5 at.%) transparent ceramics have been obtained by reactive sintering using different starting Al2O3 powders. Effect of particle size in the 100–400 nm range, morphology and dispersity of starting alumina powders on the properties of YAG:Sm3+ powder mixtures, their densification and resulted optical ceramics have been studied. It was shown that YAG:Sm3+ powder mixtures prepared with BMA15 and AKP-50 powders possess significant reduction of a fraction of micron-sized agglomerates. The particles within the range of 100–300 nm presented in BMA15 and AKP-50 powders, act as proppant, enabling collapse of the Y2O3 agglomerates. As a result, ceramics prepared from these powder mixtures show improved densification behavior. Reactively-sintered YAG:Sm3+ transparent ceramics prepared using AKP-50 powder are characterized by optical transmittance of 83% and low concentration of residual pores.

Стаття присвячена визначенню європейських стандартів організації та здійснення наукових досліджень та правових засад їх упровадження в Україні в аспекті інтеграції України у Європейський дослідницький простір. Серед основних принципів організації та функціонування Європейського дослідницького простору (ЄДП): відкритість та взаємодія між вченими, дослідженнями, науковими закладами; єдина система нормативних актів та стандартів для наукових досліджень; кар’єрний розвиток як можливість покращення умов праці для дослідників, забезпечення їх соціально-економічної підтримки; міжнаціональна співпраця. Основними засадами відкритої науки як зберігання, управління та обмін даними про дослідження повинні відповідати керівним принципам FAIR: доступність, взаємодія, можливість багаторазового використання. Правові засади забезпечення цих принципів визначаються законами України «Про наукову і науково-технічну діяльність» та «Про хмарні послуги», а також низкою підзаконних актів, які, переважно мають концептуальний характер. Наголошено, що в умовах триваючої війни вкрай складним завданням видається упровадження в повному обсязі механізмів забезпечення європейських стандартів у сфері наукових досліджень, особливо в частині кар’єрного розвитку як можливості покращення умов праці для дослідників. В аспекті запровадження та підтримання єдиної системи нормативних актів та стандартів для наукових досліджень у всій Європі важливим є забезпечення скоординованих дій всіх уповноважених та зацікавлених суб’єктів у науковій, освітній сферах та їх тісний зв’язок із виробничим сектором. У зв’язку з чим потрібно створити умови для появи попиту на інноваційні технології. Відповідність організації та здійснення наукових досліджень також потребує сучасної системи управління в сфері науки, здатної виробити внутрішню та зовнішню (міжнародну, в тому числі європейську) правову політику на віддалену та найближчу перспективу, здійснювати системний та прогнозний вплив на розвиток науки в її міждисциплінарному та міжсекторальному різноманітті, та відповідних суспільних відносин.

The term Solar Cell is commonly used for Photovoltaics that convert light into electrical energy. However, light can be harvested from various sources not limited to the Sun. This work considers the possibility of harvesting photons from different star types, including our closest neighbor star Proxima Centauri. The theoretical efficiency limits of single junction photovoltaic devices are calculated for different star types at a normalized light intensity corresponding to the AM0 spectrum intensity with AM0 = 1361 W/m2. An optimal bandgap of > 12 eV for the hottest O5V star type leads to 47% Shockley-Queisser photoconversion efficiency (SQ PCE), whereas a narrower optimal bandgap of 0.7 eV leads to 23% SQ PCE for the coldest red dwarf M0, M5.5Ve, and M8V type stars. Organic Photovoltaics (OPVs) are the most lightweight solar technology and have the potential to be employed in weight-restricted space applications, including foreseeable interstellar missions. With that in mind, the Suns G2V spectrum and Proxima Centauris M5.5Ve spectrum are considered in further detail in combination with two extreme bandgap OPV systems: one narrow bandgap system (PM2:COTIC-4F, Eg = 1.14 eV) and one wide bandgap system (PM6:o-IDTBR, Eg = 1.62 eV). Semi-empirically modeled JV-curves reveal that the absorption characteristics of the PM2:COTIC-4F blend match well with both the G2V and the M5.5Ve spectrum, yielding theoretical PCEs of 22.6% and 12.6%, respectively. In contrast, the PM6:o-IDTBR device shows a theoretical PCE of 18.2% under G2V illumination that drops sharply to 0.9% under M5.5Ve illumination.

The works in the field of radiation materials science of target materials of neutron sources based on the subcritical assemblies controlled by linear accelerators of electrons or protons, so-called accelerator driven systems (ADS), are reviewed. Now, electronuclear ADS systems are the prototype of safe nuclear reactors of the 5th generation. In connection with the physical start-up of the neutron source facility of the National Scientific Centre ‘Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology’ of the N.A.S. of Ukraine (NSC ‘KhIPT’ NASU), the target of which is fabricated from powdered tungsten covered with tantalum, the issues of preparation technology, construction, and physical and mechanical properties of W–Ta materials of targets in non-irradiated and irradiated states are considered. The nuclear-physical processes of radiation damage to the target during co-irradiation of it with both neutrons of a subcritical assembly and high-energy e- and γ-beams are analyzed. The target resources of ADS systems are estimated. As noted, the difficulty of predicting the ‘survivability’ of the W–Ta target also relates to the fact that, except for the works carried out at the NSC ‘KhIPT’ NASU in 70–90th of the last century, there are no experimental works in the world on the radiation damage of reactor materials by high-energy electrons with an energy of 100 MeV and above.

Purpose of the study. To study the possibility of detecting freely circulating DNA of the H3F3A (K27M) gene in blood plasma and cerebrospinal fluid in the lumbar spine in children with diffuse midline gliomas (DMG) during a course of radiation therapy (RT).Materials and methods. Molecular genetic studies were carried out by digital PCR. 96 samples of lumbar cerebrospinal fluid and 288 samples of peripheral blood plasma from 96 pediatric patients were analyzed. The concentration of circulating tumor (ctDNA) mutant DNA and wild-type DNA of the H3F3A (K27M) gene was determined in the studied material against the background of a course of RT. Lumbar cerebrospinal fluid sampling was performed once at the beginning of therapy, blood sampling was performed three times: The 1st test before the start of RT, the 2nd against the background of a total dose 10–15 Gy, and the 3rd after the completion of the RT course. Patients are divided into the following groups: patients with stabilization of brain tumor growth during early magnetic resonance (MR) control 3 months after completion of the course of RT; patients with disease progression during the same follow-up period who underwent radiation or chemoradiotherapy.Results. When the disease stabilized after a RT course during treatment, the concentration level of both the mutant variant of ctDNA and wild-type ctDNA significantly decreased in the third blood fraction. The absence of changes or an increase in the concentration of mutant ctDNA and wild-type ctDNA of the H3F3A (K27M) gene by the end of the course of radiation therapy was typical for patients with disease progression in the form of the appearance of metastatic foci in the central nervous system or continued tumor growth. At the same time, the concentration of wild-type DNA of the H3F3A (K27M) gene in the group of patients with progression was higher both in the lumbar cerebrospinal fluid and in the first fraction of blood plasma.Connclusion. Determination of the concentration and dynamics of circulating tumor DNA of the mutant and wild-type of the H3F3A (K27M) gene in blood plasma and lumbar cerebrospinal fluid in children with diffuse median gliomas of the brain during radiation therapy is promising from the point of view of predicting the effectiveness of therapy.

Malignant gliomas make up 25 % of the central nervous system (CNS) tumors in adults and 8–15 % in children. About half of such gliomas have a median localization and are designated by the term "diffuse midline gliomas" (DMG). DMG in children are typically localized in the area of the pons; in 78 % of such cases a heterozygous somatic mutation H3K27M is present. The prognosis of H3K27M-mutant DSG is very unfavorable, with 2-year overall survival rate being less than 10 %. One of the ways of progression of gliomas leading to the death of patients is the spread of the tumor in the form of metastases. Malignant gliomas metastasize mainly into various structures of the CNS (according to autopsies – in about 20 % of patients with glioblastomas), the probability of their metastases to other organs (so-called extraneural metastases), according to some evaluations, is quite rare and doesn’t exceed 2 %. In our practice since 1993, which counts 1700 children with malignant gliomas, including 830 patients with DMG, we’ve observed only one patient with extraneural metastases. The article describes this case of a child who died of the progression of the DMG’s extraneural metastases, despite the fact that chemoradiotherapy had achieved its stabilization in the CNS. This patient with the initial lesion of the pons and cerebellum had massive metastasis to the lymph nodes: supraclavicular, mediastinal, retroperitoneal and inguinal ones, as well as to both pleural cavities, which occurred about one year after treatment of the progression, which had manifested in the form of continued growth of the primary tumor and its dissemination in the central nervous system. The article provides literature data on the frequency, clinical manifestations and possible treatment approaches for extraneural metastasis of brain gliomas. Extraneural metastases of those tumors occur most often to the bones, lymphatic system, lungs, abdominal organs, soft tissues. The effective treatment for extraneural metastases of gliomas has not been developed yet, which makes it urgent to solve this problem through multicenter studies.

Aim. To study the efficacy of the vitamin preparation Metovitan and multivitamin preparation Decamevit in preventing the development of oxidative stress in the development of oxidative stress in rat tissues and their survival under hypoxic hypoxia. Methods. Experiments were performed on Wistar rats, 160-220 g. A model of hypoxic hypoxia was induced by lifting the rats in a barocamp to a conditional altitude of 11 thousand meters above sea level (pressure 190 mm Hg). Tissue metabolite concentrations and enzyme activities were measured using conventional biochemical methods. Results. The results of the study showed that the positive effect of Metovitan, which contained methionine and vitamins E, B1, and B3, on many indicators, including the activity of antioxidant defense enzymes, was significantly higher than the effect of Decamevit, which contained the same components plus vitamins A, B2, B6, B9, B12, vitamin C, and the bioflavonoid rutin. The survival time of rats treated with Metovitan before the experiment was one and a half times longer than that of Decamevit. Conclusion. A preparation containing a limited amount of vitamins acting synergistically on narrow links of cellular metabolism was more effective in preventing oxidative stress than a conventional multivitamin preparation.

It has been shown that Sn implantation with subsequent annealing in air leads to an increase in the electroluminescence (EL) intensity of SiO2/Si structure by two orders of magnitude. Intense violet EL with a maximum at 3.21 eV was observed at room temperature by the naked eye at forward bias. The observed emission was attributed to radiative recombination in SnO2 nanocrystals synthesized in SiO2 layers. The external quantum efficiency (EQE) increased with decreasing Sn concentration The maximum external quantum efficiency was found to be 0.7 % for the silica film Sn-implanted at the lowest fluence of 2.5 × 1016 cm−2. The non-radiative charge transport (shunt current) through the sample and mechanism of EL excitation are discussed. It has been concluded that the Poole–Frenkel mechanism, or tunneling between traps are the most likely mechanisms of charge transport to light-emitting centers.

Recently, flexible perovskite solar cells (FPSCs) fabricated using solution-processed printing techniques have garnered significant attention. However, challenges remain in achieving cost-effective, scalable manufacturing under ambient conditions and ensuring stable, efficient devices. This study focuses on fabricating printed FPSCs using the slot-die coating technique and examines the impact of SnO2 quantum dot (QD) and (6,6)-Phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) based electron transport layers (ETLs) on device performance and hysteresis. Experimentally results show that SnO2 QD-based devices exhibited favorable photovoltaic properties but significant hysteresis compared to PCBM-based devices. Numerical simulations have shown that the hysteresis effect in devices is influenced not only by the higher concentration of mobile ions in the perovskite layer of PCBM-based devices compared to SnO2 QD-based devices, but also by the more effective redistribution of these ions during forward and reverse J-V scans. The results provide insights into the behavior of printed FPSCs with different ETLs, contributing to the development of high-performance, hysteresis-free printed FPSCs.

Telecommuting came roaring to the forefront of the American workplace in the spring of 2020. While no more than 8% of work was done remotely in 2019, shutdowns and social-distancing policies introduced at the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic pushed more than 1 out of every 3 American workers to telecommute. To reflect this shift, the research team aimed to update the spatial modeling toolbox to allow remote employment and develop a quantitative framework capable of analyzing the full range of reallocations, both within and across cities, which may result from its increasing popularity. The researchers build a quantitative spatial model in which some workers can substitute on-site effort with work done from home. The team quantifies their framework to match the distribution of jobs and residents across 4,502 U.S. locations. A permanent increase in the attractiveness of telework results in a rich non-monotonic pattern of reallocations within and across cities. Workers who can telecommute experience welfare gains, and those who cannot suffer losses. Additionally, broader access to jobs reduces inequality across residential locations. The framework robustly predicts changes in residents and housing prices observed 2019—2021.View the NCST Project Webpage

This work is devoted to calculating the rate of radiation damage production in a uranium target irradiated with high-energy electrons with an energy of 100 MeV. The Monte Carlo program MCNPX was used to perform a complete mathematical modeling of a complex of processes occurring in a uranium target when irradiated with high-energy electrons: the development of an electromagnetic shower, the production of photoneutrons, the transport of particles in the target and the creation of radiation damage in it. The analysis showed that fragments of U-238 photo-fission give the main input into the rate of damage production in a uranium target which reaches the value of 100 dpa/year. The expected service life of a uranium target under irradiation is 3 years of operation at full accelerator power.